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Journal articles on the topic 'Infrahyoid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Sigal, Robert. "INFRAHYOID NECK." Radiologic Clinics of North America 36, no. 5 (September 1998): 781–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70064-6.

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2

Hell, Berthold, Ernst Heissler, Hans Gath, Horst Menneking, and Angelika Langford. "The infrahyoid flap." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 26, no. 1 (February 1997): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(97)80844-2.

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3

Gerasymchuck, Myroslav, Syed Anwarulislam, and Ameya P. Nayate. "Infrahyoid wandering carotid arteries." Radiology Case Reports 15, no. 4 (April 2020): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2020.01.014.

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4

Khmara, T. V., L. Ya Lopushniak, O. M. Boichuk, A. A. Halahdyna, L. М. Gerasym, and M. Yu Leka. "FETAL ANATOMICAL VARIABILITY OF STRUCTURES IN INFRAHYOID AREA." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 3 (November 12, 2020): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.3.164.

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When performing myoplastic operations and surgical interventions on the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus, information on the variant anatomy of the infrahyoid muscles, the features of their innervation and blood supply are of great clinical importance. Moreover, when additional muscles are attached to the thyroid gland, intraoperative bleeding can occur resulting in hematoma and tissue scarring in the postoperative period. There are fragmentary data in the literature on the variants of the structure and topography of the human infrahyoid area muscles. The specificity of branching nerves and blood vessels, their vascular-nervous relationships in a separate part of the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid muscles should be taken into account when performing rational incisions in the neck, moving both the flaps and the above muscles in plastic surgery. The purpose of study was to establish the anatomical variability and features of innervation and blood supply of the infrahyoid muscles of the neck in human foetuses of 4 – 10 gestational months age. Material and methods. The study was performed on 36 human foetuses, whose parieto-coccygeal length was 81.0 – 375.0 mm, without visible signs of anatomical abnormalities or anomalies in the cervical region. Thin sections of the structures from the anterior and lateral parts of the neck were prepared under the control of binocular magnifier, vascular injection technique, and morphometry. Foetal preparations weighing over 500.0 g were studied directly at Chernivtsi Regional Paediatric Pathological Bureau. Foetal preparations were taken from the Museum of M.G. Turkevich Human Anatomy Department, Bukovinian State Medical University. Results and discussion. The study demonstrated anatomical variability of the infrahyoid area muscles during the foetal period of human ontogenesis. Human foetuses were mainly found to have loose extending intramuscular branching of the nerves of the cervical loop in the infrahyoid muscles. The only exception is the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, where main nerve branching is found out. The distribution of nerves in the thickness of the infrahyoid muscles is uneven. Macroscopic examination revealed the smallest number of nerve branches was found within the middle third of the sternohyoid and upper third of the sternothyroid muscles. Arteries and nerves enter the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles through the anterior surface, and the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles enter mainly through the posterior surface of these muscles. The infrahyoid muscles are characterized by the main form of intramuscular branching of the arteries. The data on the peculiarities of intramuscular branching of arteries and nerves in the infrahyoid muscles we obtained, as well as the variant anatomy of the infrahyoid area muscles must be taken into account when performing a surgical access to the neck, or when operating on in the anterior cervical region, in particular myoplastic and reconstructive operations, in order to avoid muscle injuries.
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5

Groll, Matti D., Victoria S. McKenna, Surbhi Hablani, and Cara E. Stepp. "Formant-Estimated Vocal Tract Length and Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Activation During Modulation of Vocal Effort in Healthy Speakers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 1395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00234.

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Purpose The goal of this study was to explore the relationships among vocal effort, extrinsic laryngeal muscle activity, and vocal tract length (VTL) within healthy speakers. We hypothesized that increased vocal effort would result in increased suprahyoid muscle activation and decreased VTL, as previously observed in individuals with vocal hyperfunction. Method Twenty-eight healthy speakers of American English produced vowel–consonant–vowel utterances under varying levels of vocal effort. VTL was estimated from the vowel formants. Three surface electromyography sensors measured the activation of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups. A general linear model was used to investigate the effects of vocal effort level and surface electromyography on VTL. Two additional general linear models were used to investigate the effects of vocal effort on suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle activities. Results Neither vocal effort nor extrinsic muscle activity showed significant effects on VTL; however, the degree of extrinsic muscle activity of both suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups increased with increases in vocal effort. Conclusion Increasing vocal effort resulted in increased activation of both suprahyoid and infrahyoid musculature in healthy adults, with no change to VTL.
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6

Yamaoka, Minoru, Kiyofumi Furusawa, and Kouichi Yasuda. "FUNCTION OF THE INFRAHYOID MUSCLE FLAP." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 100, no. 7 (December 1997): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199712000-00065.

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7

Windfuhr, Jochen P., and Stephan Remmert. "Infrahyoid myofascial flap for tongue reconstruction." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 263, no. 11 (July 26, 2006): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-006-0110-2.

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8

Boudreaux, Kyle, Payam Entezami, Ameya A. Asarkar, Erin Ware, and Brent A. Chang. "Infrahyoid myocutaneous flap: A systematic review." American Journal of Otolaryngology 42, no. 6 (November 2021): 103133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103133.

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9

Talaat, Mohammad. "Pull-through Branchial Fistulectomy: A Technique for the Otolaryngologist." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 101, no. 6 (June 1992): 501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949210100610.

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The complete second branchial fistula consists of a superficial infrahyoid portion and a deep parapharyngeal portion. Through the present technique, the infrahyoid portion is dissected from the neck while the parapharyngeal segment is dissected through the mouth with or without tonsillectomy. Eventually, the whole fistula is pulled out through the mouth. This technique ensures complete fistulectomy and a low recurrence rate, is more cosmetic than the traditional technique, and allows simultaneous tonsillectomy. It may not be satisfactory if the fistula was the seat of repeated infections. This technique is suitable for the otolaryngologist, who is naturally well acquainted with microsurgery and tonsillectomy.
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10

Hisa, Yasuo, Leslie T. Malmgren, and Richard R. Gacek. "Actomyosin Adenosine Triphosphatase Activities of the CAT Infrahyoid Muscles." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, no. 3 (March 1989): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948909800308.

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By use of actomyosin ATPase histochemistry, it was found that there were large differences among the three cat infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid) with respect to their percentages of different muscle fiber types. It has been established that the individual activity patterns of the component motor units in each muscle drive the biochemical and physiologic differentiation of the muscle fibers associated with each motor unit. Therefore, the data obtained in the present investigation provide an indication of the characteristics of long-term use of each of the various types of motor units, as well as the associated differences in the physiologic capacities of the different motor unit types composing each of these infrahyoid muscles.
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11

Kotian, Sushma R., and Suhani Sumalatha. "Cleidohyoideus Accessorius - Boyun Bölgesinde İlave İnfrahyoid Kası." Cukurova Medical Journal 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17826/cutf.79702.

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12

Yan, Danqing, Jian Zhang, and Xiang Min. "Modified Infrahyoid Myocutaneous Flap for Laryngopharyngeal Reconstruction." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 99, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561319849947.

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The laryngopharyngeal reconstruction in patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma continues to be a challenge for surgeons. In this article, we describe our experience with laryngopharyngeal reconstruction in patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma using the modified infrahyoid myocutaneous flap (IHMCF). The modified incision design for the modified IHMCF and clinical outcomes are also detailed here. Between January 2012 and February 2018, 10 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent laryngopharyngeal reconstruction using the modified IHMCF after hemicricolaryngopharyngectomy were included in this study. The drainage vessels of the modified IHMCF, oncological outcomes, and functional reservation of the larynx were recorded. All of the flaps survived well. No flap necrosis or other major complications occurred during follow-up. None of the patients remained on nasogastric feeding for more than 4 weeks postoperatively. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 73 months (mean, 36 months). In our series, 6 patients were successfully decannulated and 5 had received radiation therapy. We roughly assessed the speech and swallowing functions, and the outcomes seemed acceptable in all of the patients after surgery. Laryngoscopic examination showed that the modified IHMCF survived well and the new glottis provided excellent function and good ventilation results. In our experience, the modified IHMCF is a safe and viable procedure that can serve as a valid alternative to free flaps and the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap to reconstruct laryngopharyngeal defects.
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13

Reino, Anthony J., William Lawson, and Hugh F. Biller. "Transverse Infrahyoid Approach to Bilateral Glottic Tumors." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 108, no. 1 (January 1999): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949910800104.

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14

Cortese, Sophie, Enrico Muratori, Romina Mastronicola, Medarine Roch, Emilie Beulque, P. Rauch, Lucie Dekerle, Alberto Deganello, and Gilles Dolivet. "Partial pharyngolaryngectomy with infrahyoid flap: Our experience." American Journal of Otolaryngology 40, no. 6 (November 2019): 102271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.08.002.

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15

Mirghani, Haïtham, Gustavo Meyer, Stéphane Hans, Gilles Dolivet, Sophie Périé, Daniel Brasnu, and Jean Lacau St Guily. "The musculocutaneous infrahyoid flap: surgical key points." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 269, no. 4 (August 4, 2011): 1213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-011-1724-6.

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16

Ulug, Tuncay, S. Arif Ulubil, and Faruk Alagol. "Dual ectopic thyroid: report of a case." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 117, no. 7 (July 2003): 574–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221503322113076.

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Dual ectopic thyroid is very rare. We report a case of dual ectopic thyroid in the lingual and infrahyoid areas in a 20-year-old female patient with no thyroid gland in its normal anatomical location. On physical examination, there was a 7 × 5 cm anterior midline neck swelling just below the hyoid bone and a 2 × 2 cm mass in the base of the tongue. Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were normal. A thyroid scan with technetium-99m sodium pertechnate confirmed dual ectopic thyroid with no iodine uptake in the normal anatomical location of the thyroid gland. The infrahyoid ectopic thyroid was surgically removed for cosmetic reasons, and the lingual thyroid, which was symptomatic, was left untouched. The importance of thyroid scanning in the evaluation of anterior midline neck swellings and treatment options are discussed.
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17

Tincani, Alfio José, André Del Negro, Priscila Pereira Costa Araújo, Hugo Kenzo Akashi, Flávia da Silva Pinto Neves, and Antônio Santos Martins. "Head and neck reconstruction using infrahyoid myocutaneous flaps." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 124, no. 5 (2006): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802006000500007.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The use of pedicled myocutaneous flaps in head and neck reconstruction is widely accepted. Here we describe our experience with infrahyoid flaps (IHFs) employed to cover surgical defects in the oral cavity and oropharynx in patients with benign and malignant tumors. The aim was to evaluate the success rate for infrahyoid myocutaneous flap procedures performed at a single institution. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study, at the Head and Neck Surgery Service, Unicamp. METHODS: Fourteen IHFs were used to reconstruct surgical defects in eleven men (78.5%) and three women (21.5%) with a mean age of 66.4 years. The anterior floor of the mouth was reconstructed in nine patients (64.2%), the base of tongue in three (21.4%), the lateral floor in one (7.1%), and the retromolar area (7.1%) in one. Thirteen patients (92.8%) had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and one (7.2%) ameloblastoma. The disease stage was T3 in eight (61.5%) of the SCC cases and T4 in five (38.5%). RESULTS: No patient presented total flap loss or fistula. The most common complication was epidermolysis, which delayed the beginning of oral ingestion. The patients with SCC received postoperative radiotherapy without major consequences to the flap. CONCLUSION: IHF is a safe and reliable procedure for reconstructing head and neck surgical defects. Due to its thinness and malleability, its use for oral cavity and oropharynx defects provides favorable cosmetic and functional outcomes. Complications, when present, are easy to manage.
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18

Kadota, Hideki, Jyunichi Fukushima, Muneyuki Masuda, Kenichi Kamizono, Takamasa Yoshida, Shunichiro Tanaka, and Yoichi Toriya. "Head and neck reconstruction using infrahyoid myocutaneous flap." Toukeibu Gan 37, no. 1 (2011): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5981/jjhnc.37.126.

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19

Mutlu, Vahit. "Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in Submandibular and Infrahyoid Region." Eurasian Journal of Medicine 46, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/eajm.2014.34.

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20

Gervasio, A., I. Mujahed, A. Biasio, and S. Alessi. "Ultrasound anatomy of the neck: The infrahyoid region." Journal of Ultrasound 13, no. 3 (September 2010): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jus.2010.09.006.

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21

Masuda, Muneyuki, Kenichi Kamizono, Masayoshi Ejima, Akiko Fujimura, Hideoki Uryu, and Hideki Kadota. "Tracheal reconstruction with a modified infrahyoid myocutaneous flap." Laryngoscope 122, no. 5 (February 28, 2012): 992–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.23194.

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22

Görmüs, Gökhan, Alp Bayramoğlu, M. Mustafa Aldur, H. Hamdi Çelik, Tugrul Maral, Mustafa F. Sargon, Deniz Demiryürek, and M. Dogan Aksit. "Vascular pedicles of infrahyoid muscles: An anatomical study." Clinical Anatomy 17, no. 3 (2004): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.10178.

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23

Magrin, Jose, Luiz P. Kowalski, Gilmar E. Santo, Gilson Waksmann, and Rafael A. Dipaula. "Infrahyoid myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction." Head & Neck 15, no. 6 (November 1993): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.2880150608.

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24

Hisa, Yasuo, Leslie T. Malmgren, and Michael J. Lyon. "Quantitative Histochemical Studies on the Cat Infrahyoid Muscles." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 103, no. 5 (November 1990): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989010300511.

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25

Ojiri, H., S. Tada, M. Ujita, M. Ariizumi, C. Ishii, K. Mizunuma, and K. Fukuda. "Infrahyoid spread of deep neck abscess: anatomical consideration." European Radiology 8, no. 6 (July 28, 1998): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050495.

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26

Petrović, Ž., B. Krejović, V. Djukić, and P. Stanković. "Primary surgical treatment for carcinoma of the larynx: influence of the local invasion." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 5 (May 1991): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510011597x.

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AbstractIn the period from 1976 to 1988, 417 patients with supraglottic carcinoma of the larynx were treated by primary surgery.Infiltration of the pre-epiglottic space was found in 11.99 per cent (50/417) of the patients. Carcinomas of the infrahyoid epiglottis spread to this space more frequently—14.24 per cent (44/309), than those of suprahyoid localization—5.55 per cent (6/108). Tumour invasion of the pre-epiglottic space is a relative contraindication for reconstructive surgery. Partial conservation operations were performed on 32 per cent (16/50) of patients with invasion of the pre-epiglottic space. The remaining patients had a total laryngectomy.Infiltration of the paraglottic space intra-operatively was found in 2.4 per cent (10/417) of patients and all of these tumours were from the infrahyoid localization. Spread of tumours to this site is an indication for radical surgery and laryngectomy was performed on 80 per cent (8/10) of patients.
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27

McCurry, Matthew R., Michelle R. Quayle, Justin Cally, and Justin W. Adams. "Velar vocal folds are present in female and immature male koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 2 (2016): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15038.

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It was recently shown that adult male koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) possess a novel vocal organ, the velar vocal folds, that underlie their mating bellows. Here we demonstrate through dissection of the infrahyoid region that this novel structure is also present in female and immature male koalas.
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28

Masic, Tarik, Almir Dervisevic, Emina Babajic, and Mahmoud Hassouba. "Modificiation of Infrahyoid Neuromyocutaneous Flap with Radical Neck Dissection." Medical Archives 66, no. 6 (2012): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2012.66.428-429.

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29

Karpenko, А. V., R. R. Sibgatullin, A. A. Boyko, N. S. Chumanikchina, N. V. Boyko, L. D. Roman, A. V. Byakhov, E. N. Belova, and I. I. Maleshin. "THE INFRAHYOID MUSCULOCUTANEOUS FLAP FOR THE ORAL CAVITY RECONSTRUCTION." Malignant tumours, no. 1 (June 2, 2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18027/2224-5057-2016-1-36-43.

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30

Varghese, Bipin Thomas. "Bilateral infrahyoid muscle, myofascial and myoperichondrial flaps in laryngectomy." Oral Oncology 98 (November 2019): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.09.002.

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31

Saito, Yuki, Hiroki Mitani, Chisato Oguri, Wataru Shinbashi, Hiroyuki Yonekawa, and Kazuyoshi Kawabata. "Occult functioning vagal paraganglioma in the infrahyoid carotid sheath." Auris Nasus Larynx 40, no. 3 (June 2013): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2012.05.007.

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32

Rojananin, Supakorn, Nit Suphaphongs, and Alando J. Ballantyne. "The infrahyoid musculocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction." American Journal of Surgery 162, no. 4 (October 1991): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(91)90158-a.

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33

Takahashi, Keizo, Kazuhiro Hori, Hirokazu Hayashi, Masako Fujiu-Kurachi, Takahiro Ono, Takanori Tsujimura, Jin Magara, and Makoto Inoue. "Immediate effect of laryngeal surface electrical stimulation on swallowing performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00512.2017.

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Surface electrical stimulation of the laryngeal region is used to improve swallowing in dysphagic patients. However, little is known about how electrical stimulation affects tongue movements and related functions. We investigated the effect of electrical stimulation on tongue pressure and hyoid movement, as well as suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle activity, in 18 healthy young participants. Electrical stimulation (0.2-ms duration, 80 Hz, 80% of each participant’s maximal tolerance) of the laryngeal region was applied. Each subject swallowed 5 ml of barium sulfate liquid 36 times at 10-s intervals. During the middle 2 min, electrical stimulation was delivered. Tongue pressure, electromyographic activity of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles, and videofluorographic images were simultaneously recorded. Tongue pressure during stimulation was significantly lower than before or after stimulation and was significantly greater after stimulation than at baseline. Suprahyoid activity after stimulation was larger than at baseline, while infrahyoid muscle activity did not change. During stimulation, the position of the hyoid at rest was descended, the highest hyoid position was significantly inferior, and the vertical movement was greater than before or after stimulation. After stimulation, the positions of the hyoid at rest and at the maximum elevation were more superior than before stimulation. The deviation of the highest positions of the hyoid before and after stimulation corresponded to the differences in tongue pressures at those times. These results suggest that surface electrical stimulation applied to the laryngeal region during swallowing may facilitate subsequent hyoid movement and tongue pressure generation after stimulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Surface electrical stimulation applied to the laryngeal region during swallowing may facilitate subsequent hyoid movement and tongue pressure generation after stimulation. Tongue muscles may contribute to overshot recovery more than hyoid muscles.
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34

Prabhakar, Nidhi, Vivek Gupta, and Naresh Panda. "Dual Ectopic Thyroid: An Uncommon Imaging Diagnosis." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 49, no. 2 (2015): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1151.

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ABSTRACT Ectopic thyroid means presence of thyroid gland tissue in abnormal position. Dual ectopic thyroid is the presence of thyroid gland tissue in two different abnormal locations. It is a rare entity. We report a case of 17-year-old girl who presented with a gradually increasing swelling in the upper neck. Her thyroid tests were abnormal, with mildly reduced T3 and T4 levels and increased TSH levels. Ultrasound revealed an isoechoic homogenous lesion in the intermuscular planes, in the infrahyoid neck. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of neck was performed which showed two similarly homogenously enhancing lesions, one in the base of tongue and another in the infrahyoid neck. Thyroid gland was not seen in its normal location. On the basis of these findings, diagnosis of dual ectopic thyroid was made. Patient was managed with thyroid hormone replacement therapy to manage hypothyroidism and decrease the size of swelling. How to cite this article Prabhakar N, Gupta V, Panda N, Khandelwal N. Dual Ectopic Thyroid: An Uncommon Imaging Diagnosis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(2):83-84.
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35

Gul, Naveed, Monica Manhas, Parmod Kalsotra, and Mehak Taban Mir. "Thyroglossal duct cyst variation in presentation: our experience of 3 years." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 4447. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205322.

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Background: The prime objective of the present study was, to learn incidence of thyroglossal duct cyst in different age and sex groups and variation in its presentation.Methods: The present retrospective study was carried out in department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, GMC Jammu from June 2017 to May 2020. In this retrospective study clinical records, medical records and histopathological records were thoroughly reviewed and studied. 20 patients diagnosed as thyroglossal duct cyst were included in the present study.Results: Out of 20 patients, 14 were paediatric patients and 6 were adults. 15 patients presented with cystic swelling while 5 patients presented with fistula. Out of 20 patients, 5 patients had suprahyoid presentation, 4 patients had cyst at the level of hyoid and 11 had infrahyoid presentation. 16 patients underwent sistrunk operation while 4 patients underwent simple excision. Out of 4 patients who had undergone simple excision, 2 patients developed recurrence.Conclusions: In the present study it is concluded that paediatric age group presents most commonly with thyroglossal cyst as a midline, painless swelling. The most common site observed is infrahyoid region. After proper investigations and diagnosis, thyroglossal duct cyst should be excised preferably by sistrunk operation.
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36

Kalidasan, V. "Thyroglossal duct remnants: Infrahyoid extension as a cause of recurrence." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 31, no. 3 (March 1996): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(96)90769-1.

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37

Lockhart, R., P. Menard, P. Chout, E. Favre-Dauvergne, P. Berard, and J. Ch Bertrand. "Infrahyoid myocutaneous flap in reconstructive maxillofacial cancer and trauma surgery." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 27, no. 1 (February 1998): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(98)80094-5.

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38

Ueyama, Teizo, Takahiro Satoda, Takashi Tashiro, Tetsuo Sugimoto, Ryotaro Matsushima, and Noboru Mizuno. "Infrahyoid and accessory motoneurons in the japanese monkey (Mascaca fuscata)." Journal of Comparative Neurology 291, no. 3 (January 15, 1990): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.902910305.

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39

Mourya, P. K., S. Garg, A. Aggarwal, T. Gupta, D. Sahni, and M. Chatterjee. "Unusual pattern of innervation of infrahyoid muscles: A case report." Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 66 (August 2017): S79—S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.249.

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40

Peng, Hanwei, Steven J. Wang, Xihong Yang, Haipeng Guo, and Muyuan Liu. "Infrahyoid Myocutaneous Flap for Medium-Sized Head and Neck Defects." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 148, no. 1 (September 18, 2012): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599812460211.

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Ricard, A. S., M. Laurentjoye, F. Siberchicot, and C. Majoufre-Lefebvre. "The horizontal infrahyoid musculocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 47, no. 1 (January 2009): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.06.017.

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Ouyang, Dian, Xuan Su, Wei-chao Chen, Yan-Feng Chen, Qian-qian Men, and An-Kui Yang. "Anatomical study and modified incision of the infrahyoid myocutaneous flap." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 270, no. 2 (May 26, 2012): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-012-2055-y.

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Buffoli, Barbara, Vincenzo Verzeletti, Rita Rezzani, and Luigi Fabrizio Rodella. "Unusual branch of the lingual artery supplies the infrahyoid muscles." Anatomical Science International 95, no. 1 (August 23, 2019): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12565-019-00501-6.

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Li, Changjiang, Yi Fang, Haitao Wu, Min Shu, Lei Cheng, and Peijie He. "Voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy with the infrahyoid musculocutaneous flap." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 141, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016489.2021.1877347.

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Blasco-Serra, Arantxa, EvaMaria Gonzalez-Soler, Francisco Martinez-Soriano, and AlfonsoA Valverde-Navarro. "An unusual variation of infrahyoid musculature and its clinical implications." Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 70, no. 1 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_219_19.

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46

Atmodiwirjo, Parintosa, Nadhira Anindita Ralena, Mohamad Rachadian Ramadan, and Sara Ester Triatmoko. "Characterizing the Functional and Cosmetic Outcomes of Pedicled Neck Flaps in Patients Who Underwent Partial Tongue Resection: A Systematic Review." Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi 8, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14228/jprjournal.v8i1.322.

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Introduction: Pedicled flaps from infrahyoid, pectoralis major, and trapezius were commonly used for partial tongue reconstruction. Not until a free radial forearm flap was introduced. The flap is recommended for patients with tongue defects ≤ 50% because of its thinness, pliability, and long pedicle. This systematic review explores the functional and cosmetic outcomes of pedicled flaps from the neck region for patients who underwent partial tongue resection or hemiglossectomy. Method: A systematic literature searching was performed on PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane. Keywords included were pedicled flap, neck flap, partial tongue resection, hemiglossectomy, and partial neck surgery. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the search results. Relevant studies were assessed for their methodological quality using appropriate instruments. Results: Four hundred and twenty-four articles were obtained from the initial literature search. The authors finally gathered 11 full-text articles comparing the pedicled neck flaps with free flaps for partial tongue resection reconstructions. Pedicled neck flaps, such as submental, infrahyoid, sternocleidomastoid, and supraclavicular artery island flap, are clinically relevant for hemiglossectomy reconstruction with comparable functional and aesthetic outcomes. Conclusion: Regional flaps would be a preferred technique in more difficult patients such as those with advanced age, poor nutrition, or multiple medical issues as they are not always acceptable surgical candidates for potentially prolonged microsurgery.
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Endo, Kazuhira, Shinya Yoshida, and Tomokazu Yoshizaki. "Infrahyoid myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of oral defect after tumor resection." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 21, no. 2 (2011): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5106/jjshns.21.163.

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Remmert, Stephan M., Konrad D. Sommer, Andreas M. Majocco, and Hilko G. Weerda. "The Neurovascular Infrahyoid Muscle Flap: A New Method for Tongue Reconstruction." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 99, no. 3 (March 1997): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199703000-00001.

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Chandrasekar Narendran, Tharali, Alankrith Ramesh Kashyap, Raveendran Rani Arun Prasanth, Mohamed Musthafa, and Yella Suryakiran. "DUAL ECTOPIC THYROID: LINGUAL WITH INFRAHYOID THYROID ECTOPIA: AN OCCASIONAL OCCURRENCE." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 5, no. 43 (May 30, 2016): 2718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2016/635.

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Chowdhury, Md Sunny Anam, and Md Abdul Awal. "Papillary Carcinoma Arising From Infrahyoid Ectopic Thyroid Tissue with Hemi-agenesis of Thyroid Gland and Follicular Adenoma with Hürthle Cell Changes in Existing Thyroid Lobe: A Rare Case Report." Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Medicine 20, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v20i1.36863.

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<p>Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare developmental abnormality. An ectopic thyroid tissue can be subject to various pathological processes as normal thyroid tissue including tumorigenesis. This reported case is an extremely rare case of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from infrahyoid ectopic thyroid tissue with hemiagenesis (left lobe) of thyroid gland and presence of follicular adenoma with Hürthle cell changes in the normal positioned enlarged right thyroid lobe.</p><p> Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 20(1): 59-62, January 2017</p>
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