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Journal articles on the topic 'Infrared excitation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Minamikawa, Takeo, Yoshinori Murakami, Naokazu Matsumura, Hirohiko Niioka, Shuichiro Fukushima, Tsutomu Araki, and Mamoru Hashimoto. "Photo-Induced Cell Damage Analysis for Single- and Multifocus Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy." Journal of Spectroscopy 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5725340.

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In this study, we investigated photo-induced damage to living cells during single- and multifocus excitations for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging. A near-infrared pulsed laser (709 nm) was used to induce cell damage. We compared the photo-induced cell damage in the single- and the multifocus excitation schemes with the condition to obtain the same CARS signal in the same frame rate. For the evaluation of cell viability, we employed 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorophores that predominantly stained the damaged cells. One- and two-photon fluorescence of DAPI fluorophores were, respectively, excited by an ultraviolet light source and the same near-infrared light source and were monitored to evaluate the cell viability during near-infrared pulsed laser irradiation. We found lower uptake of DAPI fluorophores into HeLa cells during the multifocus excitation compared with the single-focus excitation scheme in both the one- and the two-photon fluorescence examinations. This indicates a reduction of photo-induced cell damage in the multifocus excitation. Our findings suggested that the multifocus excitation scheme is expected to be suitable for CARS microscopy in terms of minimal invasiveness.

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2

Zhou, Jian Min, Li Cai, Peng Li, and Lin Hai Hu. "Electromagnetic Excitation for Infrared Thermography NDT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.273.

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Electromagnetic excitation infrared thermography testing is a new nondestructive testing technology. The electromagnetic excitation impact the detection results directly. In order to obtain better detection results, electromagnetic excitation source was studied in depth by domestic and foreign scholars. In this paper, current research status of electromagnetic excitation source for infrared thermography NDT was introduced in simulation and experiment aspects. Then the research results of scholars domestic and abroad are summarized, the research contents remains to be studied are analyzed, aimed at promoting the development of the technology.

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3

Jungclas, Hartmut, Anna M. Popova, Viacheslav V. Komarov, Lothar Schmidt, and Alexander Zulauf. "Vibration Energy Accumulation and Redistribution in Organic Molecules Irradiated by Infrared Photons." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2007): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-5-614.

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A theoretical approach to the dissociation and low-energy electronic excitation of polyatomic organic molecules with donor and acceptor substructures is suggested. The donor hydrocarbon molecular substructures can serve as antennas for low-energy infrared (IR)-photon absorption, which coherently induce collective vibrational excitations (excimols). Due to dipole-dipole interactions, the accumulated energy can transit to the molecular acceptors: dipole-type trap-bonds or molecular parts with π-electron orbits. The analytical expressions for the probability functions of molecular fragmentation and electronic excitation induced by IR-multiphoton absorption are derived. The vibrational energy accumulation and redistribution in the molecules of diphenylalkanes irradiated by infrared photons are considered from the presented point of view.

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4

Simpson, T. B., J. G. Black, I. Burak, E. Yablonovitch, and N. Bloembergen. "Infrared multiphoton excitation of polyatomic molecules." Journal of Chemical Physics 83, no. 2 (July 15, 1985): 628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449531.

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5

Zalesskaya, G. A. "Infrared multiphoton excitation of polyatomic molecules." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 65, no. 5 (September 1998): 701–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02679843.

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6

Nafie, Laurence A., Bruce E. Brinson, Xiaolin Cao, David A. Rice, Omar M. Rahim, Rina K. Dukor, and Naomi J. Halas. "Near-Infrared Excited Raman Optical Activity." Applied Spectroscopy 61, no. 10 (October 2007): 1103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370207782217752.

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Measurements of near-infrared scattered circular polarization Raman optical activity (SCP-ROA) are presented using laser excitation at 780 nm for samples of S-(—)-α-pinene and L-alanyl-L-alanine. These are the first measurements of ROA outside the blue-to-green visible region between 488 and 532 nm. Comparison of Raman and ROA intensities measured with excitation at 532 and 780 nm demonstrate that the expected frequency to the fourth-power dependence for Raman scattering and the corresponding fifth-power dependence for ROA are observed. It can be concluded that, to within this frequency dependence, the same level of efficiency of Raman and ROA measurements using commercial instrumentation with 532 nm excitation is maintained with the change to near-infrared excitation at 780 nm.

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7

Wu, Guo Zhong, Fen Fen Song, and Dong Li. "Analysis of Temperature Field on Infrared Active Detection of Heavy Pressure Vessels Wall Surface Defect." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1172.

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Infrared thermal imaging technology is a new nondestructive detection technology, which is widely used in pressure vessel detection. In this paper, three-dimensional temperature distribution model of pressure vessel with defects is established, and the influence factors on infrared detection of pressure vessel defect are researched. The influence of environmental factors, thermal excitation strength, thermal excitation time and defect size on infrared detection is analyzed. The results show that: (1) increasing thermal excitation can degrade the maximum reduced temperature when infrared radiation thermal excitation temperature is lower than 200°C, while the reduced temperature can be raised with the increased thermal excitation when the temperature is higher than 200°C. (2) the maximum comparison temperature increased first and decreased afterwards with the increasing thermal excitation time, finally reduce to the comparison temperature under steady state. (3) the influence of wind speed and surface blackness in environmental factors on infrared detection precision is greater.

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8

Peng, Tingting, Rui Pu, Baoju Wang, Zhimin Zhu, Kai Liu, Fan Wang, Wei Wei, Haichun Liu, and Qiuqiang Zhan. "The Spectroscopic Properties and Microscopic Imaging of Thulium-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles Excited at Different NIR-II Light." Biosensors 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11050148.

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Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising bioimaging nanoprobes due to their excellent photostability. As one of the most commonly used lanthanide activators, Tm3+ ions have perfect ladder-type electron configuration and can be directly excited by bio-friendly near-infrared-II (NIR-II) wavelengths. Here, the emission characteristics of Tm3+-doped nanoparticles under laser excitations of different near-infrared-II wavelengths were systematically investigated. The 1064 nm, 1150 nm, and 1208 nm lasers are proposed to be three excitation strategies with different response spectra of Tm3+ ions. In particular, we found that 1150 nm laser excitation enables intense three-photon 475 nm emission, which is nearly 100 times stronger than that excited by 1064 nm excitation. We further optimized the luminescence brightness after investigating the luminescence quenching mechanism of bare NaYF4: Tm (1.75%) core. After growing an inert shell, a ten-fold increase of emission intensity was achieved. Combining the advantages of NIR-II wavelength and the higher-order nonlinear excitation, a promising facile excitation strategy was developed for the application of thulium-doped upconversion nanoparticles in nanoparticles imaging and cancer cell microscopic imaging.

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9

Downare, Taggart D., and Oliver C. Mullins. "Visible and Near-Infrared Fluorescence of Crude Oils." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 6 (June 1995): 754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964462.

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Fluorescence emission spectra and absolute quantum yields have been measured for ten diverse crude oils at various concentrations over a broad range of excitation and emission wavelengths in the visible and the near-infrared. Energy transfer produces large red shifts and large widths in the fluorescence emission spectra for shorter wavelength excitation particularly for heavier crude oils. However, the effects of energy transfer are nearly absent for near-infrared excitation; all crude oils exhibit nearly the same emission spectra for long wavelength excitation. In addition, the fraction of emission resulting from collisional energy transfer relative to nascent emission is almost independent of oil type; it is governed by quantum yield characteristics. Absolute fluorescence quantum yields of ten crude oils (and three rhodamine dyes for validation) were measured with respect to scattering of latex microspheres in distilled water. Fluorescence quantum yields vary systematically with crude oil type as well as excitation wavelength; quantum yields are lower for high fluorophore concentrations (heavy crude oils) and for longer wavelength excitation. Stern-Volmer analyses of the quantum yields indicate that simple models apply and show the relative quenching rates for different excitation wavelengths.

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10

Xiang, Bo, Raphael F. Ribeiro, Adam D. Dunkelberger, Jiaxi Wang, Yingmin Li, Blake S. Simpkins, Jeffrey C. Owrutsky, Joel Yuen-Zhou, and Wei Xiong. "Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy of vibrational polaritons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 19 (April 19, 2018): 4845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722063115.

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We report experimental 2D infrared (2D IR) spectra of coherent light–matter excitations––molecular vibrational polaritons. The application of advanced 2D IR spectroscopy to vibrational polaritons challenges and advances our understanding in both fields. First, the 2D IR spectra of polaritons differ drastically from free uncoupled excitations and a new interpretation is needed. Second, 2D IR uniquely resolves excitation of hybrid light–matter polaritons and unexpected dark states in a state-selective manner, revealing otherwise hidden interactions between them. Moreover, 2D IR signals highlight the impact of molecular anharmonicities which are applicable to virtually all molecular systems. A quantum-mechanical model is developed which incorporates both nuclear and electrical anharmonicities and provides the basis for interpreting this class of 2D IR spectra. This work lays the foundation for investigating phenomena of nonlinear photonics and chemistry of molecular vibrational polaritons which cannot be probed with traditional linear spectroscopy.

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11

Chen, Wei-Te, Graham A. Bowmaker, John M. Seakins, and Ralph P. Cooney. "Vibrational Spectroscopic Study of Iodine-Doped Poly(Isothianaphthene)." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 7 (July 2002): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760171590.

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Far-infrared, mid-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize iodine-doped poly(isothianaphthene) (PITN) films and powders. The far-infrared and mid-infrared results show changes from absorption mode to reflective mode as the doping level increases, consistent with the iodine-doped PITN becoming more metallic and more conductive at higher doping levels. The far-IR and Raman (514.5-nm laser excitation) results show that I3− is dominant in iodine-doped PITN. The Raman spectral changes observed using 1064-nm excitation are different from those measured using 514.5-nm excitation. The spectra recorded with 514.5-nm excitation show features due to the undoped parts of the polymer, and these indicate that the effective conjugated chain length decreases with increased doping. The Raman spectra obtained by using 1064-nm excitation show features due to polaron and bipolaron states in the doped polymer.

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12

Wang, Jyhpyng, Kuei-Hsien Chen, and Eric Mazur. "Raman spectroscopy of infrared multiphoton excited molecules." Laser Chemistry 8, no. 2-4 (January 1, 1988): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/lc.8.97.

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This paper presents an overview of data obtained on the intramolecular vibrational energy distribution in infrared multiphoton excited CF2HCl, CF2Cl2, SF6 and CH3CHF2. All but CF2HCl show collisionless changes in the intensity of the spontaneous Raman signals after excitation, indicating that the excitation alters the population in the Raman active modes. A comparison of the spectrally integrated intensities of the Raman signals yields information on the distribution of vibrational energy over the modes of the molecule. The results for CF2Cl2 show a nonthermal distribution of energy after the excitation.

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13

Guo, Yanyan, Manoj Kumar, and Peng Zhang. "Nanoparticle-Based Photosensitizers under CW Infrared Excitation." Chemistry of Materials 19, no. 25 (December 2007): 6071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm7028454.

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14

Baurecht, Dieter, and Urs Peter Fringeli. "Quantitative modulated excitation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 72, no. 10 (October 2001): 3782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1400152.

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15

Kim, Sang J. "Infrared excitation processes of C2H6 in comets." Earth, Planets and Space 55, no. 3 (March 2003): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03351741.

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16

Davies, R. I., A. Sternberg, M. Lehnert, and L. E. Tacconi‐Garman. "Molecular Hydrogen Excitation in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 597, no. 2 (November 10, 2003): 907–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378634.

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17

McKinnie, Iain T. "Ultraviolet and infrared excitation in chromium forsterite." Journal of Modern Optics 43, no. 8 (August 1996): 1753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349608232845.

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18

Kern-Michler, Daniela, Carsten Neumann, Nicole Mielke, J. G. W. van Wilderen Luuk, Matiss Reinfelds, Jan von Cosel, Fabrizio Santoro, Alexander Heckel, Irene Burghardt, and Jens Bredenbeck. "Infrared pre-excitation grants isotopomer-specific photochemistry." EPJ Web of Conferences 205 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920503001.

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Species-selective photochemistry is often hampered by overlapping UV-Vis spectra. We overcome this long-standing problem by combined vibrational and electronic excitation as demonstrated by isotopomer selection. The influence of various factors on selectivity is discussed.

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19

Gorshunov, B. P., E. S. Zhukova, G. A. Komandin, V. I. Torgashev, A. V. Muratov, Yu A. Aleshchenko, S. V. Demishev, N. Yu Shitsevalova, V. B. Filipov, and N. E. Sluchanko. "Collective Infrared Excitation in LuB12 Cage-Glass." JETP Letters 107, no. 2 (January 2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364018020029.

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20

Fikiet, Marisia A., David Tuschel, Vladimir V. Ermolenkov, and Igor K. Lednev. "Clarifying Glass Luminescence at Near-Infrared Excitation." Applied Spectroscopy 74, no. 2 (November 4, 2019): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702819879109.

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Glass is a unique material that is often encountered in chemical and biological studies as a convenient sample holder (vial or microscope slide in particular). If the sample is probed with light in fluorescence and Raman spectroscopic experiments, the contribution from glass is often present and can obscure the spectra from the analyte of interest. It is important to understand the nature of glass photoemission properties to control this potential interference. The Raman spectrum of glass is dominated by peaks around 500 and 1000 cm–1 at the excitation with UV and visible light. A strong broad emission band centered at 880 nm appears when glass is irradiated with near-infrared light, a popular 785 nm laser light in particular. We proved experimentally in this study that this broad band is due to glass photoluminescence and not Raman scattering. In addition, three narrow components were found to contribute to this band, which have different excitation profiles indicating that they originate from three different species or the same species experiencing three different types of local environments. It has been hypothesized that these peaks could be due to the presence of rare earth impurities in the glass. Further study is necessary to identify these luminescent centers.

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21

Kaluža, Matjaž, and James T. Muckerman. "Mode‐selective infrared excitation of linear acetylene." Journal of Chemical Physics 102, no. 10 (March 8, 1995): 3897–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468567.

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22

Zubkov, V. G., I. I. Leonidov, A. P. Tyutyunnik, N. V. Tarakina, L. L. Surat, L. A. Perelyaeva, I. V. Baklanova, and O. V. Koryakova. "Luminescence in Ln2CaGe4O12 under infrared laser excitation." Journal of Luminescence 129, no. 12 (December 2009): 1625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2009.03.037.

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23

Athanassenas, K., T. Leisner, U. Frenzel, D. Kreisle, and E. Recknagel. "Infrared multiphoton excitation of refractory metal clusters." Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 26, S1 (March 1993): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01425648.

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24

Berman, Michael R., and C. Bradley Moore. "The Small Molecule Limit of Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation: Collisional Effects in D2CO." Laser Chemistry 8, no. 2-4 (January 1, 1988): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/lc.8.169.

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The infrared multiphoton excitation of D2CO was studied by monitoring infrared fluorescence from stretching modes of D2CO following excitation in the bending modes. The dependence of the infrared multiphoton dissociation yield on laser wavelength, on laser power, and on reactant and foreign gas pressures was also studied. Severe bottlenecks to excitation through the first few steps are found. Vibration-to-vibration transfer of a bending quantum from one excited D2CO molecule to another is a crucial step. Collision-induced changes of rotational quantum number must also play an important role.

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25

König, Karsten. "Two-Photon near Infrared Excitation in Living Cells." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 5, no. 1 (January 1997): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.97.

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Non-linear effects due to two-photon near infrared (NIR) excitation of endogenous and exogenous cellular chromophores allow novel techniques in tissue, cell and biomolecule diagnostics, as well as in intracellular micromanipulation (e.g. intracellular photochemistry). Two-photon NIR excitation may also result in cell damage effects. The high photon intensities (1024 photons cm−2 s−1) required for non-resonant two-photon excitation can be achieved by diffraction-limited focusing of continuous wave (cw) laser beams (cw microbeams) with powers in the mW range. For example, NIR traps (“laser tweezers”) used as force transducers and micromanipulation tools in cellular and molecular biology are sources of two-photon excitation. NIR traps can induce two-photon excited visible fluorescence and, in the case of <800 nm-traps, UVA-like cell damage. Multimode cw microbeams may enhance non-linear effects due to longitudinal mode-beating. To perform high scan rate two-photon fluorescence imaging, the application of ultrashort laser pulses of moderate peak power but low average power (pulsed microbeams) is required. In NIR femtosecond microscopes, non-destructive imaging of two-photon excited fluorophores in various human and culture cells was demonstrated for <2 mW average powers, <200 mW peak powers and 400 GW cm−2 intensities (700–800 nm, ∼150 fs, ∼100 MHz). However, higher average power levels may result in failed cell reproduction and cell death due to intracellular optical breakdown. In addition, destructive transient local heating and μN force generation may occur.

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26

Hasuike, Noriyuki, Saito Ochiai, Ryotaro Iwakiri, Minoru Takeda, Woo Sik Yoo, and Toshiyuki Isshiki. "Surface Plasmon Resonances in Sn: In2O3 Thin Films with Diffraction Grating." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 9, 2018): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131034.

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We newly proposed transparent conductive oxide with diffraction grating structure as an excitation field of surface plasmon resonance working at near-infrared spectral region. We experimentally demonstrated the excitation of SPR using Sn-doped In2O3 films with micro-meter pitched diffraction grating. In this study, we considered the correlation between the grating pitch and the optical reflection spectra. Reflection spectra showed clear polarization properties in infrared spectral region, and the reflection edge has also correlation with the pitch of grating. From these results, the excitation of SPR grating was successfully demonstrated and the wavelength can be tuned by changing the grating pitch in infrared region.

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27

Lü, Cheng-Zai, Jay Goldman, Shrenik Deliwala, Kuei Hsien Chen, and Eric Mazur. "Direct evidence for ν1-mode excitation in the infrared multiphoton excitation of SO2." Chemical Physics Letters 176, no. 3-4 (January 1991): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)90043-9.

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28

Bokobza, L. "Near Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 6, no. 1 (January 1998): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.116.

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Some of the concepts that make a near infrared spectrum understandable are reviewed. The origin of vibrational anharmonicity which determines the occurrence and the spectral properties (frequency, intensity) is discussed. The importance of the effects of the resonances which increase with increasing excitation are mentioned. Some of the characteristics of high energy overtone/combination spectra are considered in relation to local mode effects. The location of some particular group frequencies is provided.

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29

Wright, Gillian S., James R. Graham, and Andrew J. Longmore. "Infrared Spectroscopy and Mapping of IC443." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 101 (1988): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100102726.

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AbstractWe present infrared (IR) spectroscopy and imaging of the supernova remnant IC443. [FeII] 1.644µm, Brackett γ and H2 1-0 S(l) were detected. The most striking feature of the spectra is the high [FeII] 1.644µm/Brackett γ ratio, which is typically ~30. We argue that this ratio is due to shock excitation. Two 5’×3’ maps of the remnant in the 1.644µm [FeII] line are used to study the line excitation. The IR [FeII] line is a sensitive probe for regions of shocked gas which is especially useful where the extinction is high, or the shocks are too slow to excite optical lines.

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30

Jones, Roger W., and John F. McClelland. "Transient infrared emission spectroscopy by pulsed laser excitation." Analytical Chemistry 61, no. 17 (September 1989): 1810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00192a006.

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31

Hippler, Michael, Martin Quack, René Schwarz, Georg Seyfang, Sara Matt, and Tilmann Märk. "Infrared multiphoton excitation, dissociation and ionization of C60." Chemical Physics Letters 278, no. 1-3 (October 1997): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00861-0.

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32

Volkmer, Andreas, Klaas Wynne, and David J. S. Birch. "Near-infrared excitation of alkane ultra-violet fluorescence." Chemical Physics Letters 299, no. 5 (January 1999): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(98)01316-5.

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33

Chin, R. P., Y. R. Shen, and V. Petrova-Koch. "Photoluminescence from Porous Silicon by Infrared Multiphoton Excitation." Science 270, no. 5237 (November 3, 1995): 776–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5237.776.

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34

Smith, J., A. Bentley, M. Castelaz, R. D. Gehrz, G. L. Grasdalen, and J. A. Hackwell. "Infrared sources and excitation of the W40 complex." Astrophysical Journal 291 (April 1985): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/163097.

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35

Liang, E. J., and W. Kiefer. "Chemical Effect of SERS with Near-Infrared Excitation." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 27, no. 12 (December 1996): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4555(199612)27:12<879::aid-jrs45>3.0.co;2-6.

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36

Uchida, K. I., K. Sellgren, and M. Werner. "Do the Infrared Emission Features Need Ultraviolet Excitation?" Astrophysical Journal 493, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): L109—L112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/311136.

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37

Lenz, P. "In vivo EXCITATION OF PHOTOSENSITIZERS BY INFRARED LIGHT." Photochemistry and Photobiology 62, no. 2 (August 1995): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb05277.x.

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38

Zhang, Peng, Wim Steelant, Manoj Kumar, and Matthew Scholfield. "Versatile Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy at Infrared Excitation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, no. 15 (April 2007): 4526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0700707.

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39

Steinfeld, Jeffrey I. "Spectroscopic measurements on infrared Multiple-Photon excitation dynamics." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 43, no. 2 (January 1987): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(87)80069-7.

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40

Alieva, E. V., V. A. Yakovlev, V. I. Silin, and A. Volkov. "Surface electromagnetic wave excitation from infrared to visible." Optics Communications 96, no. 4-6 (February 1993): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(93)90263-5.

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41

Caledonia, G. E., R. E. Murphy, R. M. Nadile, and A. J. Ratkowski. "Analysis of auroral infrared emissions observed during the ELIAS experiment." Annales Geophysicae 13, no. 3 (March 31, 1995): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-0247-0.

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Abstract. The ELIAS (Earth Limb Infrared Atmospheric Structure) experiment was flown from the Poker Flat Research Range, Alaska in 1983 and successfully monitored visible and infrared emissions from an IBC III+ aurora. Measurements were performed in both staring and scanning modes over several hundred seconds. The data for short- and mid-wave infrared regions have been analyzed in terms of auroral excitation of the NO and NO+ vibrational bands. Auroral excitation efficiencies and kinetic implications are presented.

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42

Gordiets, B. F. "Excitation of vibrational emission bands in aurora and airglow." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 1673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-291.

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The major results of the theoretical study of infrared radiation in the vibrational–rotational bands of minor molecular constituents in the terrestrial thermosphere are reviewed. Various mechanisms of vibrational excitation of radiating molecules are discussed for both quiet and disturbed conditions (e.g., aurorally enhanced electric fields, etc.). Intensities of infrared emissions and correlations between some of them and emissions in other spectral regions are analyzed, as well as the role that infrared radiation plays in the thermospheric energetics.

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43

Alias, Ahmad Nazib, T. I. Tunku Kudin, Z. M. Zabidi, M. K. Harun, Ab Malik Marwan Ali, and Mohamad Faizul Yahya. "Excitation and Emission Properties of Poly(N-Carbazole)/Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Blends Characterized by Fluorescence Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.550.

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We present the results concerning the excitation and emissions spectra of Poly (N-carbazole) (PVK) blend with different compositions of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Doctor blade technique was used to coat the blended polymer on a quartz substrate. The influences of polymer composition to the excitation and emission spectra were observed under UV excitation source of a xenon lamp. The result shows a discrepancy in the maximum excitation, emission and Stokes shift for each samples. The variation of Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) for excitation and emission indicate that the variation in composition has affected on the fluorescence properties of the blended thin film polymer system. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals that the discrepancy in the emission and excitation properties of this polymer blending system is due to the discrepancy of infrared absorption peak in the carbazole functional group.

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Farrington, R. B. "Infrared Imaging Results of an Excited Planar Jet." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 115, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930036.

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Planar jets are used for many applications including heating, cooling, and ventilation. Generally, a planar jet provides good mixing within an enclosure. In building applications, the jet provides both thermal comfort and adequate indoor air quality. Increased mixing rates may reduce short circuiting of conditioned air, eliminate dead zones within the occupied zone, reduce energy costs, increase occupant comfort, and increase indoor air quality. This article discusses how an infrared imaging system was used to demonstrate how jet excitation affected the spread angle and the jet mixing efficiency. Infrared imaging captures a large number of data points in real time (over 50,000 data points per image) providing significant advantages over single-point measurements. We used a mesh screen with a time constant of approximately 0.3 seconds as a target for the infrared camera to detect temperature variations in the jet. The infrared images show that excitation of the jet caused increased jet spread. Digital data reduction and analysis show changes in jet isotherms and quantify the increased mixing caused by excitation.

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Tempel, G., N. Schwarz, F. Müller, F. Koch, H. P. Zeindl, and I. Eisele. "Infrared resonance excitation of δ-layers-a silicon-based infrared quantum-well detector." Thin Solid Films 184, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(90)90411-6.

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Žurauskienė, N., S. Ašmontas, A. Dargys, J. Kundrotas, G. Janssen, E. Goovaerts, Stanislovas Marcinkevičius, Paul M. Koenraad, J. H. Wolter, and R. P. Leon. "Semiconductor Nanostructures for Infrared Applications." Solid State Phenomena 99-100 (July 2004): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.99-100.99.

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We present the results of time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and optically detected microwave resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy investigations of semiconductor quantum dots and quantum wells. The ODMR spectra of InAs/GaAs QDs were detected via modulation of the total intensity of the QDs emission induced by 95 GHz microwave excitation and exciton fine structure was studied. Very long life times (up to 10 ns) of photoexcited carriers were observed in this system using TRPL at low temperatures and excitation intensities promising higher responsitivity of such QDs for quantum dot infrared photodetector development. The effects of proton and alpha particles irradiation on carrier dynamics were investigated on different InGaAs/GaAs, InAlAs/AlGaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs QD and QW systems. The obtained results demonstrated that carrier lifetimes in the QDs are much less affected by proton irradiation than that in QWs. A strong influence of irradiation on the PL intensity was observed in multiple QWs after high-energy alpha particles irradiation.

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Brescia, Jonathan R., Justin W. Cleary, Evan M. Smith, and Robert E. Peale. "Infrared Propagating Electromagnetic Surface Waves Excited by Induction." MRS Advances 5, no. 35-36 (December 23, 2019): 1827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.472.

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AbstractPropagating inhomogeneous electromagnetic waves called surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can be excited by free-space beams on corrugated conducting surfaces at resonance angles determined by corrugation period, permittivity, and optical frequency. SPPs are coupled to and co-propagate with surface charge displacements. Complete electrical isolation of individual conducting corrugations prevents the charge displacement necessary to sustain an SPP, such that excitation resonances of traveling SPPs are absent. However, SPPs can be excited via electric induction if a smooth conducting surface exists below and nearby the isolated conducting corrugations. The dependence of SPP excitation resonances on that separation is experimentally investigated here at long-wave infrared wavelengths. We find that excitation resonances for traveling SPPs broaden and disappear as the dielectric’s physical thickness is increased beyond ~1% of the free-space wavelength. The resonance line width increases with refractive index and optical thickness of the dielectric.

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Liu, Wu, Chen Fan, Ru Sun, Yu-Jie Xu, and Jian-Feng Ge. "Near-infrared emission of dibenzoxanthenium and its application in the design of nitric oxide probes." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 15 (2015): 4532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob00042d.

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Han, Li Jun, Jun Ping Meng, Jin Sheng Liang, Kun Gan, Yan Ding, and You De Yuan. "Electric Dipole Characteristics of Mineral Tourmaline Superfine Powders and its Properties of Far Infrared Emission." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.129.

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According to the hypothesis that the tourmaline particle is composed of crystal electric dipoles, the far infrared emission and its vibration frequency of the natural black tourmaline superfine powders were researched. The behavior of the electric dipole in the ground and excitation states was calculated. It was found that there is a relationship between infrared absorption spectra and the microscopic D-value of electric dipole moment. The high far infrared emissivity of tourmaline was ascribed to the coherent light created by stimulated emission between different excitation states of electric dipole.

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Webb, W. W. "How Multiphoton Excitation can Illuminate Biophysics." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600008382.

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Multiphoton molecular excitation by the strongly focused femtosecond pulses of infrared light generated as an 80 MHZ pulse train by a mode locked laser provides intrinsic submicron three dimensional spatial resolution of fluorescence excitation and photochemistry for laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Because two-photon excitation requires simultaneous (∼10-16 seconds), absorption of two-photons focused laser intensities of about 1022 photons/cm2s are required. Since the rate of absorption is proportional to the square of the intensity, excitation is limited to the focal volume and is negligible elsewhere along the double cone of the focused illumination. Therefore, out of focus photodamage and fluorescence are generally negligible and laser scanning fluorescence microscopy with multiphoton excitation is intrinsically three dimensionally resolved with no out of focus background. Since the appropriate wave lengths are infrared for multiphoton excitation of ultraviolet or visible absorbing molecules, out of focus photodamage is eliminated. This allows imaging of useful ultraviolet absorbing indicators, vital DNA stains and autofluorescence in living cells with minimal, but not necessarily negligible, photodamage.

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