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Schwei, David. "The Empire Strikes: The Growth of Roman Infrastructural Minting Power, 60 B.C. – A.D. 68." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1468335463.
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Van, Vuuren Karien. "The role of infrastructural development and economic growth in spatial planning / Karien van Vuuren." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9726.
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This study is about the influence that infrastructure development can have on the economy. In the current age of globalisation it is necessary to develop constantly to prevent becoming insignificant in the world economy. It is not enough to let development take its own course anymore, the government and private investors must cooperate to accelerate development or else stand the risk of falling behind. South Africa is trying to move from a Third World country to a First World country. Although some of the regions have developed successfully and show the characteristics of a First World country, large parts of the country are still examples of a Third World country. The reason that the Western Cape Province, for example, is moving forward so rapidly and showing an-ever increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is the fact that they have realised the importance of infrastructural investment. Without investing in infrastructure, the economy will be unlikely to grow. This is because there is a positive correlation between infrastructure expenditure and the GDP. While a part of South Africa is focusing on Strictly Social Overhead Capital (SSOC), which entails the development of people, the Western Cape has put more emphasis on Economic Overhead Capital (EOC) such as building roads, bridges. It is argued in this research document that investing in EOC will increase economic growth that will help the region become more developed. If the whole country inherits this approach, it is probable that South Africa remains relevant and even become more competitive in the world economy. When investing in infrastructure the region will maintain their agglomeration advantages and create more comparative advantage ensuring that agglomerations form. Agglomerations form because it is more advantageous to locate at a certain location due to cheaper total costs at these locations. One of the greatest factors influencing an investor’s locational preference is transport costs and therefore transport costs must be held to a minimum. Spatial planning must be adjusted in order to ensure that EOC receives the necessary attention. This study will show how this can be achieved.Thesis (MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Selamolela, Nokuthula. "The impact of transport infrastruture in the econolic growth of South Africa." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28376.
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This study examines the impact of transport infrastructure on the economic growth of South Africa from the period 1970 to 2015. The researcher adopted a conceptual and theoretical framework related to infrastructure development and economic growth. The Johansen multivariate Co-integration and Granger causality test were adopted, consisting of stationary and directional causality of variables. The findings disclosed a strong unidirectional causality relationship in the long run between economic growth and gross domestic fixed capital formation, which runs from the former to the latter. The results also indicated a causal relationship between economic growth and transport infrastructure in both railway and ports transport. Moreover, there exist links between economic growth and railway transport, which run from the former to the latter. The findings further showed that the correlation between economic growth and ports transport runs from the former to the latter. On the contrary, the findings revealed a non-existence of causal relationship between economic growth and transport infrastructure (roadways and airways), though the theoretical framework demonstrates a link between them. The findings also revealed a non-existence of a causality association between economic growth and transport infrastructure performance. The overall findings demonstrated the existence of a unidirectional causality relationship between economic growth and gross domestic fixed capital formation, and between economic growth and transport infrastructure (both railways and ports transport). Economic growth expands commercial and industrial sectors and as such, there is a need to suggest that transport infrastructure development policies align with it to maintain sustainable economic growth in South Africa.
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Maziwisa, Michelle Rufaro. "An examination of the legal framework governing opportunities and barriers to economic development in Southern Africa: a case study of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6184.
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Doctor Legum - LLDThis thesis examines the legal framework of Zimbabwe to determine if the laws and policies which are in place create opportunities for, or barriers to, economic development. Specifically, it examines the legal framework governing trade, investment and financial services. The thesis focuses on Zimbabwe as a case study and draws lessons from South Africa. It proceeds from the premise that despite the numerous attempts made at international, regional and domestic levels to increase economic development (such as through liberalisation of markets and access to international development finance), Zimbabwe has failed to attain 'developed country' status. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the causes of poor economic performance in Zimbabwe postindependence (post-1980).
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Mti, Sehlule Nontutuzelo. "Aid, infrastructure and growth." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10960.
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In their seminal paper, Burnside and Dollar (2000) introduced the interactive term aid*policy into growth equations. Most studies up until then had merely added aid as a variable on its own with GDP growth as the dependent variable in order to check aid effectiveness.
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Andreev, Andrey. "Highway Infrastructure and Economic Growth." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26874.
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Okonski, Aleksander. "Implementing Security Rules, Safeguards, and IPS tools for Private Cloud Infrastructures : GROOT: Infrastructure Security as a Service(ISaaS)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-345658.
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Clouds are a large part of todays computing space, with individuals having the ability to crate their own cloud. The Open Stack cloud suite eases the deployment and management of cloud services. However, security is one core area that is difficult to isolate and has to be addressed at each level, ranging from low-level system securityto the user-facing multi-tenant environments. There are solutions available that offer end-to-end security but most of them are proprietary and with their sophisticated licensing scheme, expertise that might be affordable for large enterprises but difficult for medium and smallscale organizations is required. The aim of this project is to design a minimalistic security service for the Open Stack environment that helps cloud administrators get first hand information regarding any activities that may cause threats to the instance or the whole tenant in the cloud infrastructure. The project created a proof of concept system that once deployed was able to detect potential misconfigurations and threats. The system was tested in a real world scenarios and proved to work, finding several machines that were launched without correct configurations.Tryckt av:
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Herranz, Loncán Alfonso. "Infrastructure and economic growth in Spain: 1845-1935." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586315.
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This thesis analyses the impact of infrastructure on Spanish economic growth during the period 1845-1935. It is aimed at overcoming two shortcomings that have characterised historians’ interpretations on the subject so far. Firstly, it adopts an aggregate approach, as opposed to most previous analyses, which focused on only one type of asset. Secondly, it offers some answers to the main ongoing debate on the matter, i.e. the conflict between the high social saving of Spanish railways and the apparent failure of the railway system, as reflected in the results of the private companies.
The thesis describes the evolution of infrastructure investment over the period and shows the prominent role of railways at least until 1895. The establishment of the railway network in a relatively short period of time was the most outstanding event in the process of infrastructure construction and gave an intense boost to the Spanish infrastructure endowment.
The thesis also shows that infrastructure was relatively scarce in Spain compared to other European countries. However, despite that scarcity, the response of the economy to infrastructure increases was sluggish. Apparently, although infrastructure was essential for Spanish industrialisation, the country was very slow to adapt to new conditions, due to the presence of serious constraints in other areas of the economy. These results are confirmed by the analysis of railways, as the economic impact of the Spanish railway network seems to have been very high, but to have taken a long time to be reached. In addition, the thesis also indicates that the underdevelopment of the Spanish institutions precluded adequate regulation of railway construction and operation. As a consequence, the situation of railway companies was always critical and their ability to offer an adequate service was limited. These findings shed some light on the debate on the economic role of Spanish railways.
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Herranz-Loncan, Alfonso. "Infrastructure and economic growth in Spain, 1845-1935." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398123.
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Deaton, Brady James. "The influence of communications infrastructure on agricultural growth /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020226/.
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Monteiro, Vitor Borges. "Infrastructure and growth: testing data in three panel." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8284.
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nÃo hÃThe thesis consists of three chapters that have in common estimation models for panel data. The first chapter titled "Energy Consumption, GDP per capita and Exports: Evidence of long-term causality in a panel for the Brazilian States" analyzes the order of causality between the variables and then checks the long-term elasticities using the methodology FMOLS. It shows that GDP per capita is caused by their own past achievements, by consumption of electricity and exports. The consumption of electricity and exports, only are not caused by GDP per capita. Through the model FMOLS were estimated elasticities of long-term. The 1% increase in energy consumption and exports increased respectively 0.07% and 0.04 % in GPD per capita. The second chapter, entitled "Sustainability of Health Expenditure and Sanitation in Brazil: an analysis with Panel Data for the period 1985 to 2005" examines the sustainability of Health Expenditure and Sanitation of the states and the Federal District of Brazil, during the period 1985 to 2005. For this, we use the ratio of Expenditure by Function (Health and Sanitation) and GDP. The unit root tests for panel data refute the null hypothesis of presence of the unit root (the stochastic process is stationary) at 5% significance level. Accordingly, we can infer that the policy of health expenditure as a proportion of GDP remained almost stable (sustainable) over the period in question. The third chapter entitled "Formation of Convergence Clubs and Analysis of the Determinants of Economic Growth" support the formation of 10 clubs of convergence for a sample of 112 countries with per capita GPD data from 1980 to 2014 using the Phillips and Sul methodology (2007). Logged clubs and estimated a panel to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables in the dynamics of economic growth rate through the Arellano and Bond model (1991) showed that: i) Inflation impacts the growth rate negatively, with effect greater for clubs that converge to a higher level of per capita income ii) imports as a proportion of GDP have positive relationship with the growth rate of per capita income for the countries belonging to clubs intermediaries, and a negative effect for other clubs iii) Exports as a proportion of GDP have a positive effect for all clubs, but is more pronounced for clubs that converge to a lower level of income and iv) international reserves have a positive effect for clubs that converge to high levels of income and a negative effect on clubs that converge to low levels of income.
A tese à composta por trÃs capÃtulos que possuem em comum modelos de estimaÃÃo para dados em painel. O primeiro capÃtulo intitulado âConsumo de Energia ElÃtrica, PIB per capita e ExportaÃÃo: Uma evidÃncia de causalidade de longo prazo em um painel para os Estados brasileirosâ analisa a o ordem de causalidade entre as variÃveis e posteriormente verifica as elasticidades de longo prazo atravÃs da metodologia FMOLS. Evidencia-se que o PIB per capita à causado pelas suas prÃprias realizaÃÃes passadas, pelo consumo de energia elÃtrica e pelas exportaÃÃes. Jà o consumo de energia elÃtrica e as exportaÃÃes, apenas nÃo sÃo causados pelo PIB per capita. AtravÃs do modelo FMOLS, estimaram-se as elasticidades de longo prazo. O aumento de 1% no consumo de energia e exportaÃÃes aumenta respectivamente 0,07% e 0,04% no PIB per capita. O segundo capÃtulo, intitulado âSustentabilidade dos Gasto com SaÃde e Saneamento no Brasil: uma anÃlise com Dados em Painel para o perÃodo de 1985 a 2005â examina a sustentabilidade dos gastos com saÃde e saneamento dos Estados e do Distrito Federal brasileiro, durante o perÃodo de 1985 a 2005. Para isso, utiliza-se da razÃo entre a Despesa por FunÃÃo (SaÃde e Saneamento) e o PIB. Os testes de raiz unitÃria para dados em painel refutam a hipÃtese nula de presenÃa de raiz de raiz unitÃria (i.e., o processo estocÃstico à estacionÃrio) ao nÃvel de 5% de significÃncia. Nestes termos, pode-se inferir que a polÃtica de gastos com saÃde como proporÃÃo do PIB praticamente permaneceu estÃvel (i.e., sustentÃvel) ao longo do perÃodo em questÃo. O terceiro capÃtulo intitulado âFormaÃÃo de Clubes de ConvergÃncia e AnÃlise dos Determinantes do Crescimento EconÃmicoâ sustenta a formaÃÃo de 10 clubes de convergÃncia para uma amostra de 112 paÃses com dados do PIB per capita de 1980 a 2014 atravÃs da metodologia Phillips e Sul (2007). Identificados os clubes e estimado um painel para verificar o impacto de variÃveis macroeconÃmicas na dinÃmica da taxa de crescimento econÃmico atravÃs do modelo Arellano e Bond (1991), evidenciou-se: i) A inflaÃÃo impacta a taxa de crescimento de forma negativa, com efeito maior para clubes que convergem para um nÃvel de renda per capita mais elevado; ii) As importaÃÃes como proporÃÃo do PIB possuem relaÃÃo positiva com a taxa de crescimento da renda per capita para os paÃses pertencentes a clubes intermediÃrios, e efeito negativo para os clubes do extremo; iii) As exportaÃÃes como proporÃÃo do PIB possuem efeito positivo para todos os clubes, porÃm à mais acentuado para clubes que convergem para um nÃvel de renda mais baixo e; iv) As reservas internacionais possuem efeito positivo para clubes que convergem para elevados nÃveis de renda e efeito negativo para os clubes que convergem para baixos nÃveis de renda.
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Deaton, Brady J. "The influence of communications infrastructure on agricultural growth." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46149.
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Gebhardt, Albertus Johannes. "Ensuring sufficient capacity of logistical infrastructure for future growth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86539.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explore how forecasting techniques can be combined in linear programming (LP) as a tool to optimise the parameters of forecasting methods in order to ensure sufficient capacity of logistic infrastructure exist for future growth. This study will use greenfield and brownfield projects from Sasol, a petrochemical company from South Africa, to test the methodology on. The methodology followed in the study was to firstly look at previous literature studies on logistical infrastructure and how to create sufficient capacity. Secondly, understandings of supply chain planning principles in general as well as supply chain planning in context of Sasol were investigated. Thirdly, different forecasting methods like; qualitative include judgemental, life cycle, Delphi method, market research etc. and quantitative methods including time series and causal methodologies had been investigated. Fourthly, decision making tools to incorporate multiple forecasts were investigated to understand why Sasol decided to use i2. Fifthly, the current capital project approach in Sasol had been investigated to fully understand where room for improvements would be possible. Finally the theory from the study was applied on two different projects in Sasol, one greenfield and one brownfield project. The results found that by using sound supply chain planning methodologies, sound supply chain design principles and multiple forecasts being combined by using LP decision making tools a better decision can be made with regards to logistical infrastructure investment as well as ensuring sufficient logistical infrastructure capacity. The two case studies have shown that this approach is flexible enough, apart from a few minor changes and can be adopted for both scenarios and that great results can be achieved. Logistical infrastructure could be optimised due to collaboration and the overall costs and performance of a supply chain improved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe lineêre programmering ( LP ), as n hulpmiddel, gebruik kan word om vooruitskattingstegnieke te kombineer om sodoende die vooruitskattingsmetodes te optimaliseer en te verseker dat voldoende kapasiteit van logistieke infrastruktuur bestaan vir toekomstige groei. Hierdie studie se metodes sal getoets word op groenveld- en bruinveldprojekte van Sasol , 'n petrochemiese maatskappy van Suid –Afrika. Die metode gevolg tydens die studie, was eerstens om te kyk na vorige literatuurstudies oor logistieke infrastruktuur en hoe om voldoende kapasiteit te skep. Tweedens, om ‘n breë oorsig van die beginsels van voorsieningsketting-beplanning te bekom sowel as voorsieningsketting-beplanning in die konteks van Sasol te ondersoek. Derdens, verskillende vootuitskattingsmetodes soos kwalitatiewe metodes (insluitend veroordelende-, lewensiklus- en Delphi-metode en marknavorsing) en kwantitatiewe metodes (insluitend die tydreeks- en oorsaaklike metodes) is geondersoek. In die vierde plek is besluitnemingshulpmiddels, wat verskeie vooruitskattings kombineer, geondersoek om te verstaan waarom Sasol besluit het om i2 aan te koop. In die vyfde plek is die metode van Sasol se kapitaalprojekte geondersoek om te verstaan of daar nie moontlik ruimte vir verbeterings sou wees nie. Laastens is die studie se metode op twee projekte van Sasol toegepas, een groenveld- en een bruinveldprojek. In die studie is gevind dat beter besluite geneem kan word aangaande beleggings in logistieke infrastruktuur en om te verskere daar is voldoende logistieke infrastruktuur kapasiteit - deur gebruik te maak van optimale metodes in voorsieningsketting-beplanning en voorsieningskettingontwerp. Die twee gevallestudies het getoon dat hierdie benadering buigsaam genoeg is, afgesien van 'n paar klein veranderinge, om vir beide moontlikhede gebruik te kan word en goeie resultate te behaal. Deur die samewerking van verskeie besigheidseenhede kon logistieke infrastruktuur geoptimaliseer word terwyl die kostes en algehele prestasie van voorsieningsketting verbeter kon word.
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Jarupasin, Kritchasorn. "Essays on economic growth, public expenditure and telecommunication infrastructure." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30274.
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This thesis consists of four studies, presented in three main essays, empirically linking economic growth to public expenditure and telecommunication infrastructure using four different sample groups of countries with data from 1972-2012. In the second chapter, in Study 1, the permanent growth effects of fiscal policy are investigated across countries with different income levels using the public-policy endogenous growth model, where public spending is classified by function. The endogeneity problems associated with taxes and investment are taken into account, as is a possible non-linear relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. The results have shown that gross capital formation is the only control variable that has a significant positive coefficient in all growth regressions, while the evidence of conditional convergence hypothesis is reaffirmed. An increase in transportation and communication spending is conducive to growth in both developing and high-income countries, whereas other types of spending are not. In the third chapter, in Study 2, we firstly consider the relationship between public spending and growth with a government budget constraint. The evidence for productive expenditure being conducive to growth only exists in high-income OECD countries. Distortionary taxes are shown to have growth-deteriorating effects in both the developing country and the high-income OECD country groups. When considering the relationship between public spending and long-run GDP per capita level in Study 3, it was found that an increase in total spending financed by non-distortionary taxes enhances the per capita level of GDP in high-income OECD countries. Regardless of implicit financing elements, increases in total spending in developing countries cannot promote long-run increases in GDP per capita levels. In developing countries, increases in the shares of health care and general public services in spending can improve long-run GDP per capita. In high-income OECD countries, increasing in the share of education in spending is conducive to increasing per capita GDP in the long-run. In the fourth chapter, in Study 4, we assess the link between telecommunication infrastructure and economic development. The system of equations is used while considering stationarity and cointegration of variables in the models. The output dividend of fixed telephones in the period from 1975 to 1990 for the group of high-income OECD countries is higher than for developing countries. When considering mobile phone infrastructure, an increase in penetration has positive effects on aggregate output in developing countries for the period from 1990 to 2012. There is only weak evidence that increased mobile phone penetration in high-income OECD countries has a negative effect. When fixed telephone penetration is low, an increase in mobile phone penetration enhances aggregate output. When fixed telephone penetration is already high, an increase in mobile phone penetration might have deteriorating effects. The results have shown that mobile phone and fixed telephone infrastructures are, in fact, substitutes for one another rather than complements.
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Machado, Roberto. "Economic growth and transport and communications infrastructure in Peru." Economía, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117208.
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This research aims to measure the contribution of public investment in transport and communications infrastructure to economic growth in the regions of Peru. This is done on the basis of different estimations using panel data for the 24 regions of Peru, over the period 2004- 2014. First, a conventional fixed-effect panel data method is used for the estimations, whereby investment in transport and communications infrastructure is found to have a positive effect on GDP and GDP per worker in the regions. Then, a spatial panel data methodology is followed, which takes into account the direct effects of investment in infrastructure within a region, as well as the indirect effects that occur between regions. Here, the results suggest that investment in transportation has a direct positive effect on regional GDP, while investment in communications contributes to GDP indirectly.La presente investigación busca el aporte de la inversión pública en infraestructura de transportes y comunicaciones sobre el crecimiento económico de las regiones del Perú. Esto se realiza sobre la base de diversas estimaciones con datos de panel para las 24 regiones del Perú en el periodo 2004-2014. En primer lugar, para las estimaciones se usa una metodología convencional de datos de panel con efectos fijos. Se encuentra un aporte positivo de la inversión en infraestructura de transportes y comunicaciones sobre el PBI y el PBI por trabajador de las regiones. Luego, se sigue una metodología espacial de datos de panel, la cual toma en cuenta los efectos directos de la inversión en infraestructura dentro de una región, así como los efectos indirectos que ocurren entre regiones. Los resultados sugieren que la inversión en transportes afecta positivamente el PBI regional de forma directa, mientras que la inversión en comunicaciones aporta al PBI de manera indirecta.
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Jenkins, Helen. "Infrastructure, education and productivity : a multi-country study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389765.
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Hedlin, My. "To what extent do expansions of infrastructure construct economic growth?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147581.
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This thesis shows that the relationship between economic growth and expansions of telephone main lines and electricity generating capacity is two-way, when looking at the period of 1955 - 1995 and half of the world's countries. In other words, expansions of these two kinds of infrastructure seem to both initiate and be induced by economic growth, highlighting the problem of much previous research that does not account for a bi-directional relationship. Furthermore, this research suggests that the effect that these two kinds of infrastructure have on economic growth was during this period great enough to be of policy interest, and it is likely that it can explain part of the vast differences seen between countries in GDP per capita today. While the impact that these two kinds of infrastructure had during this specific time will surely not be the same in the future, the results still point to a potentially important role for infrastructure expansions in determining economic growth, even though the kinds of infrastructure that have most impact will vary with time and technological progress.
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Mingeli, Benedictus. "Pension fund Investment and infrastructure development in Namibia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32809.
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Developing countries, such as Namibia, need to bridge the existing infrastructure gap to improve the country's comparative advantage, economic growth and competitiveness, quality of life and the welfare of its citizens. As traditional sources of finance dwindle, Pension Fund savings need to be pooled to complement traditional sources of funding, such as government budgetary allocations, borrowing and user fees. Although infrastructure's economic and financial characteristics are a match to Pension Fund liabilities, Namibia's Pension Fund investment in infrastructure lags behind world-class benchmarks. This study investigated the factors that hinder Pension Fund investment in infrastructure in Namibia. The study employed a mixed-method research method and convergent parallel data collection processes. The study obtained a representative sample to participate in the survey from a population of NAMFISA registered Pension Fund and investment managers using a combination of the stratified random and simple random sampling techniques as part of primary data collection. The financial characteristics that make infrastructure assets attractive such as; long term, low sensitivity to economic swings, a low correlation with other assets and long term and inflation hedged returns makes them suitable for Pension Fund investments. The study confirms findings of previous studies by Beeferman, (2008); Ehlers, (2014); Inderst & Della Croce, (2013); Sy, (2017) and Thierie & Moor (2016), amongst others, revealed factors such as; a lack of a project pipeline, a lack of expertise by Pension Funds in infrastructure investments, Pension Fund regulation and a lack of financial instruments and assets that match Pension Funds are barriers to Pension Fund investment in infrastructure. The lack of a project pipeline is further attributable to issues such as infrastructure projects that are not sufficiently developed or viable on their own without some form of government support, inefficiencies in public procurement and public-private partnership policies and a lack of project preparation funding. The study recommends the following initiatives by policymakers and key stakeholders towards increasing Pension Fund investment in infrastructure: firstly, government and state-owned institutions responsible for public services should implement policies that will increase the pipeline of bankable and implementable projects. The National Development Plans (NDP5), the Harambee Prosperity plans and the Vision 2030 already identify projects; however, institutionstasked with infrastructure development need to develop implementation modelsthat are viable and bankable. The development plans need to be coordinated across the various levels iii of government and state-owned enterprises for effective implementation. Secondly, it is recommended that policymakers create the necessary conditions for Public Procurement and Public Private Partnership Policies to gain confidence amongst investors. Rooting out corruption and ensuring processes are transparent and fair to all stakeholders can have the effect of creating investor confidence in the two policies. The financial institutions, especially with a developmental angle, should support the public institutions with project preparation funding and technical assistance during project planning/development. Thirdly, the government, through the regulators, NAMFISA, are advised to continue with the implementation of policies aimed at increasing the limit on assets held with unlisted investment managers to allow increased Pension Fund investment in infrastructure without compromising the performance (return) and risk exposure. The financial regulators, NAMFISA and the Bank of Namibia should encourage the growth of the local financial sector to increase the quality and quantity of financial instruments available to investors and increase the depth of the financial sector to absorb local funding capacity. Lastly, the government is recommended to explore the options of partial listing infrastructure SOEs,such as NamPower, NamWater, Road Fund Administrator (RFA), NamPort, TransNamib, among others, to facilitate Pension Fund investment into infrastructure and reduce transaction cost and risks. The study identifies the need for future research opportunities with the aim of understanding issues that affect the project pipeline in the Namibian context in greater detail.
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Ramesh, Sangaralingam. "Infrastructure, knowledge creation, knowledge spillovers and economic growth in China." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493832.
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The New Economic Geography [NEG] considers, within the context of economic development, what are known as forces of agglomeration and forces of dispersion. This thesis considers the latter has deagglomeration economies between regions. Agglomeration economies necessarily result from increasing returns to scale. However, how these arise is very much a black box. It is the contention of this thesis that agglomeration economies arise directly as a result of concentrated infrastructure investment .For example, a concentrated investment in infrastructure in the SEZ's[manufacturing] and NHTIDZ's[knowledge ] of the coastal regions of China has led to the Coastal regions prosperity and the expense of the interior regions. On the other hand, de-agglomeration economies arise from knowledge spillovers, but the NEG gives no analysis of the impact of knowledge creation. When knowledge spillovers and knowledge creation are greater in one region of a country compared to another, then the forces of de-agglomeration are stronger between a country's regions; and only serve to increase disparities in income between these regions. This effect is enhanced if the forces of agglomeration in one region of a country are greater, through enhanced infrastructure investment, than in any other region. This thesis has analysed the impact of government policy on infrastructure, knowledge spillovers; and knowledge creation on China's economic growth since 1949.The analysis has evaluated how the forces of agglomeration and de-agglomeration have impacted on China's economic development. In the light of this analysis, the fundamental reasons for the deepening disparities in income between China's regions has been laid bare, the IKSC [Infrastructure, Knowledge, Spillover, Creation] framework has been developed to evaluate a country's economic development.
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Igbokwe, Okezie. "The impact of infrastructure investment on real growth in Nigeria." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97461.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Nigerian economy has suffered huge infrastructure deficits since her independence in 1960, thereby limiting economic growth potential of the country considerably. This research conducted a Granger causality test between Real Gross Domestic Product, infrastructure investment and productivity across manufacturing, agriculture and industrial sectors in Nigeria for the period 1981 – 2012 using multivariate vector error correction model. The co integration test shows that there is a long run relationship between infrastructure investment and economic growth at both at 1 percent and 5 percent levels of significance. Further, the granger causality test indicated a one way causal relationship between infrastructure investments and economic growth in Nigeria running from infrastructure investment to Real Gross Domestic Product growth. We equally established a one way causality relationship between agriculture sector productivity and gross domestic product growth, a one way causal relationship between manufacturing sector productivity and Real Gross Domestic Product growth and a very significant one way causal relationship that runs from infrastructural investment to agriculture sector productivity, all running from the former to the latter. The economic implication of this is that the existing level of infrastructure investment in Nigeria is a significant contributing factor to growth in the level of rea gross domestic product. However, despite the sustained real gross domestic product growth, the Nigerian government has been unable to translate this growth to physical infrastructure development. We conclude that in order to achieve the double digit economic growth needed for a comprehensive economic transformation of Nigeria, the Nigerian government needs to accord greater priority to infrastructure development, particularly in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors.
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Mutsila, Mpho. "The role of the common innovation infrastructure in economic transition." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41988.
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Knowledge, innovation, and the pursuit of economic growth are concepts that the economists and policy makers around the world continue to investigate. As policy makers strive to improve the welfare of their nations, research suggests that perhaps innovation is the key that will unlock the gates of prosperity.
Frameworks have been developed on how countries should build innovation capacity such as the study done by Furman, Porter and Stern (2002). These frameworks have been used to test developed nations such as Australia, Denmark and the United States as well as developing nations such as Taiwan and South Korea. Their findings suggest that certain strategies were more effective at fostering innovation in developed countries than in developing countries, highlighting that the effects of policy innovation are not homogeneous.
This report investigated the innovation strategies that countries use to encourage innovation in order to induce economic transition. The findings suggest that there is an existence of the common innovation infrastructure in countries that are transitioning from efficiency-driven to innovation-driven development. These countries are using the common innovation infrastructure to encourage innovation. However, some countries are more effective at encouraging innovation than others. Measures that work for one country may not necessarily work for others.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
zkgibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Tenyane, Katleho, and Denusha Sharma. "Does public infrastructure investment contribute to economic growth in South Africa?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44437.
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For any developing country, infrastructure is at the core of economic growth and development. South Africa has a modern and well-developed transport infrastructure. The air and rail networks are the largest on the continent, and roads in good condition. To this degree of quality and quantity the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether or not public infrastructure investment contributes to economic growth, which is denoted as GDP per capita in this paper. The period of research is from 1960-2017. The Granger Causality method is applied, to find if a causal relationship exists between these two variables. Additionally, a log-log n OLS name of regression regression will beis run to see how variables, other than public infrastructure investment, affect GDP per capita. The endogenous growth theory is used as the main theory, in order to capture the essence of how the government endogenously affects output per capita in an economy. Findings reveal that there is a unidirectional relationship between public infrastructure investment and economic growth in South Africa. The direction of the causal relationship runs from public infrastructure investment to GDP per capita. Additionally, the infrastructure investment is found to be significant in the logged regression. run. Which could impliesy that it affects economic growth. For further interest, a dummy variable was added in the regression to check whether the structural break in 1994 in South Africa has significantaffects the interpretation of the results. changes in interpretation of results.This yielded in no significant changes in the results for infrastructure investment and GDP per capita. (structural break and more important findings) (variables?) (what organisations can use these findings forFurther, Oorganisations and policy makers can use this paper as an indicator of how infrastructure investment plays a role in an economy, especially in developing countries.
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Johnson, Jeffrey. "Infrastructure finance and residential growth management policy in Montgomery County, Maryland." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3603.
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Neto, Antonio Soares Martins. "Competitive exchange rate and infrastructure in a macrodynamic of economic growth." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-19012016-145425/.
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We develop a dual open-economy model which incorporates infrastructure as a factor of production to investigate growth-enhancing effects of a competitive exchange rate policy under different levels of investment in infrastructure. It is suggested that a competitive exchange rate policy coordinated with an appropriate infrastructure policy should produce better results than the former policy alone. By increasing productivity in the tradable sector and by reducing inflationary pressures, this policy contributes to the success of an economic growth strategy led by a competitive currencyDesenvolvemos um modelo de economia aberta, com dois setores, que incorpora infraestrutura como um fator de produção, de forma a investigar os efeitos de uma política de taxa de câmbio competitiva sob diferentes níveis de investimento em infraestrutura. Sugere-se que uma política cambial coordenada com uma política de infraestrutura deve produzir melhores resultados. Ao aumentar a produtividade no setor de tradables e ao reduzir as pressões inflacionárias, esta política contribui para o sucesso de uma estratégia de crescimento econômico liderado por uma moeda competitiva
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Gurney, Karen A. "THE LOCAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IMPACT OF BROADBAND INFRASTRUCTURE 1998 TO 2008." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1342051271.
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Muuse, Anneloes. "Transport infrastructure, intraregional trade, and economic growth : A study of South America." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12608.
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In October 2000 the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA) was launched. The purpose of the IIRSA is to improve integration of the South American countries and intraregional trade between them. One of the ultimate goals is to promote sustainable growth. The purpose of this paper is to find out if a better quantity and quality of transport infrastructure increases intraregional trade in South America. It is found that the quantity of transport infrastructure increases intraregional trade. On the other hand, there is no evidence for the quality of transport infrastructure increasing intraregional trade in South America. Furthermore, this paper investigates whether economic growth can be obtained through more trade. In other words, this paper examines if trade causes growth. The results do not confirm the trade-growth causality for all countries. The difference between the existence of a trade-growth causal relationship or not could be explained by the core commodities that the different South American countries export.
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Choudhury, Jamshed Nadeev Quadir. "The finance-growth nexus and stock market infrastructure in Bangladesh, 1980-2007." Thesis, Kingston University, 2009. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20256/.
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This thesis attempts to investigate, theoretically and empirically, whether financial development (bank development and stock market development) has led to economic growth in Bangladesh, and it explores the important factors behind the evolution of the financial system itself. The literature survey in Chapter 2 argues that finance enhances growth while banks and stock markets are complementary in development; however the application to low-income countries is unclear. After reviewing financial sector policy and institutional background in Bangladesh in Chapter 3, a combination of various theoretical insights into one structural framework is proposed in Chapter 4. Our empirical findings for Bangladesh in Model l using the ARDL cointegration method are as follows. Both banks (quasi-money/GDP) and the stock market (number oflisted companies) have enhanced physical capital accumulation from 1980 to 2005. Using the same cointegration technique, growth in GDP per capita is found to lead to growth in banks (private-credit/GDP ratio). And there is a cointegrating relationship between banks and the stock market which indicates that debt and equity are complementary. The main message from Chapter 6 is that the finance-growth nexus can be shown to operate in the case of Bangladesh where banks are the main providers of finance. The key policy implication of Model l is that overall financial development (banks and stock markets) can lead to economic growth, while feedback effects promote further financial activity. We then identify and assess relationships that operate within the stock market itself. Model 2A begins the analysis of the stock market infrastructure by relating the number of listed shares to the value of traded shares or turnover (market liquidity). Empirical results in Chapter 7 for Bangladesh using the ARDL approach show support for cointegration from 1990Ql to 2005Q4. Model 2B then investigates the relationship between trading activity and price volatility on the stock exchange. Using a GARCH framework and Granger Causality tests, empirical results in Chapter 8 indicate that trading volume and particularly trading value carry predictive power for price volatility with daily data from 1995 to 2007. The overall conclusion in Chapter 9 is that to understand the finance-growth nexus in Bangladesh it is necessary to appreciate the essential role played by banks as well as the forces behind the stock market. The encompassing framework presented here along with its reinforcing and constrained features points to a growth-promoting and sustainable fmancial structure for central bank regulators to target.
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McArthur, Jenny. "Re-examining the value of infrastructure to support urban growth and liveability." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1562231/.
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Urban infrastructure systems form an essential component of the urban built environment to support flows of goods, people, information and resources, and diverse social and economic activities. Growing cities face an imperative to expand infrastructure service provision to accommodate greater populations, while also catering for liveability by providing for users’ needs and environmental sustainability. This thesis examines the ways in which infrastructure relates to growth and liveability, and the potential for infrastructure to be instrumentalised as a transformative means to support liveability while accommodating growth. An interdisciplinary approach is adopted, utilising qualitative content analysis, spatial econometrics and spatial growth analysis. These methods examine the ways in which infrastructure supports liveability and growth, testing existing agglomeration theory, planning paradigms and spatial strategies. Analysis of the instrumentalisation of infrastructure within spatial planning found that a more thorough consideration of how value is generated from infrastructure, and diverse types of value, can support transitions to improve liveability. Econometric analysis showed that infrastructure mediates socio-spatial relations, enabling agglomeration externalities to be generated across small spatial scales. Analysis of urban growth in Auckland, Melbourne and Vancouver revealed that the ‘compact city’ model for sustainable transitions does not consistently hold true, and supported alternative strategies which focus on flows generated, instead of the urban built environment. By examining urban infrastructure from multiple disciplinary perspectives, this thesis develops a more rigorous understanding of the value derived from infrastructure provision, to inform decision-making. Infrastructure planning can support growth and liveability by refocusing the frame of decision-making to the broader socio-technical system in which physical infrastructure systems are embedded. The uncertainty of urban growth implies that investment decisions may consider alternative interventions with lower requirements for physical capital expansion.
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Makhwatha, Alex Simeon. "The impact of public spending on roads infrastructure on Malawi's economic growth." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29036.
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Public expenditure has been a cardinal objective of all successive governments since Malawi gained its independence in 1964. Successive administrations have on different occasions made attempts to direct government spending towards achieving objectives that have direct bearing on its populace. According to Keynesian view, the increase in public spending on socio-economic and physical structures is important and encourages economic growth. However, Classical economists on the other hand argue that the increase in public expenditure may shift resources from the productive private sector to public sector which they believe is unproductive and hence, crowd out overall performance of the economy. These views indicate that policymakers worldwide including Malawi are under debate whether increase in public spending helps or hinders economic growth. Applying ADF and KPSS tests, Johansen-Juselius co-integration multivariate procedure and TYDL Granger causality test, this study investigates the relationship between government expenditure on roads infrastructure and GDP in Malawi using time series data spanning from 1978 to 2010. ADF and KPSS tests indicate that the series under investigation are integrated of order one (i.e. I(1)). The results of the Johansen co-integration tests indicate a long-run relationship between the roads expenditure and economic growth. The TYDL test indicates the existence of unidirectional causality running from roads expenditure and economic growth which supports Keynes hypothesis that government spending affects economic growth. The study, therefore, concludes that government spending on roads infrastructure causes economic growth, which confirms the main goal of MGDS that aims at achieving economic growth through infrastructure development. Based on these results, the study recommends that government should ensure that both capital and recurrent expenditure are properly managed to accelerate economic growth. More so, Government should promote efficient resource allocation on human capital development by encouraging more private participation to ensure productivity for intensive economic growth.
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Andonova, Marija. "The Influence of Access to Technology on Inclusive Growth through Poverty Reduction." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26891.
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In line with recent growth strategies as well as the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals, countries are faced with achieving sustainable and inclusive growth. While inclusive growth is imposed as important task for countries to accomplish, its conceptualization is rather puzzling and demands more attention. There is no consensus on the concept of inclusiveness and its major determinants let alone on how to operationalise it. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is twofold. The first part is dedicated to provide deep insight of the concept and point the main characteristics of an inclusive growth wave. This part provides discussion of the literature on inclusive growth together with analysis of the different approaches used in the different definitions of the concept. It finishes with an overview on the empirical attempts to measuring inclusive growth. The second part investigates the influence of technology, represented in form of economic infrastructure, on inclusive growth through the process of poverty reduction. This part of the thesis analyses the influence of access to technology on inclusive growth, where the poverty reduction is the variable in focus. Regression analysis based on a cross-country data set including more then 100 developing countries indicates that technology access help to reduce poverty. The results show that economic infrastructure have negative correlation with poverty, although the explanatory variables are not robust to changes in poverty measures and changes in specifications.
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Sookha, Keshal. "The impact of mobile communications infrastructure investment on economic growth in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28372.
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Mobile telecommunications networks provide the ability to access the internet and use telephony services, where the infrastructure exists. Because of its mobile nature a customer can always connect to the internet, even when not in the comfort of their home, unlike the case with fixed-line services. This paper studies the impact of mobile telecommunications investment on economic growth in South Africa. To test the impact of mobile telecommunications investment on economic growth, the dissertation examines the development of mobile telecommunications infrastructure in South Africa and the relationship between mobile communications infrastructure investment (MCII) on economic growth. It is hypothesised that MCII has a relationship with economic growth. The methodology employed by this study is the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) approach with secondary data sourced from the World Bank Group and Global System Mobile Association (GSMA) databases over the period 1994 to 2016. To model the relationship, the study used a neoclassical growth model with proxies for economic growth as gross domestic product (GDP); capital as mobile operator capital expenditure and gross capital formation; and labour as the labour force and the unemployment rate. Results of the study showed that there was a unidirectional Granger causality between GDP and MCII and therefore no bidirectional causal relationship between MCII and GDP. Furthermore, using the ARDL approach found no cointegration between the variables and consequently no long run relationship. Producing the short run model as a VAR (2) model using the Akaike information criteria (AIC) lag selection also resulted in no significant relationship between MCII and GDP. This result has very important implications for policy recommendations to government and for development. Firstly, government should investigate why there is no significant impact of MCII on GDP because this relationship does exist in other markets. From these findings, government can develop and adopt policies which could produce a positive effect of MCII on GDP.
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Crockatt, Michael A. "Airport infrastructure and regional development, a case for resurrecting the growth pole concept." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0028/MQ51698.pdf.
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Connell, Richard Perry. "Opportunities for LNG supply infrastructure and demand growth in US and International markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33428.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-146).
Countries are looking beyond their borders for options to satiate a forecasted increase in natural gas consumption. A strong option for importing natural gas is by way of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain where natural gas is liquefied, transported in special tankers, and regasified at the destination. Research was conducted to determine a method of evaluating the feasibility of such a project. A computer-based simulation model was created to calculate financial metrics for potential LNG projects based on unique inputs such as annual production, distance, and natural gas market and commodity price. Potentially feasible projects are based on the resulting metrics as well as interpretations of risk, and a source's ability to meet a consuming market's demand requirements. Financially, the most attractive projects were the short haul routes to countries with high market prices. However, due to risk and supply inadequacy, it was determined that markets with the most growth to satisfy were best supplied by countries with the most adequate resources.
by Richard Perry Connell.
S.M.
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Lopes, Emerson C. U. "Human rights in tourism : effectiveness of the legal framework for tourism in Mosambique upon the realization of the right to development of local communities." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/16742.
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International tourism is one of the most dynamic growth sectors of the global economy. It
employs 11% of the world’s workforce (over 200 million people) and forms 11.5% of the
global GDP. Besides, tourism is nowadays three times bigger than world expenditures
on defense. It has been described by Louis Turner as ‘the most promising, complex and
under studied industry impinging on the third world’. It is often appointed as an
important tool for achievement of millennium development goals and, ultimately, for the
realization of the right to development (‘RTD’) of the local communities in developing
countries, since it has contributed largely for development of infrastructure, including
transport and communications, water supply, energy and health services.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010.
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mrs. Shivani Georgijevic of the Faculty of Law & Management, University of Mauritius, Mauritius. 2010.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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De, Lucena Schettino Luisa. "The architecture of water infrastructures : strategies for urban growth in the Haitian-Dominican border." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111704.
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Thesis: S.M. in Architecture Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 118-121).
The uneven and underexplored landscapes of the border zone between Haiti and the Dominican Republic has become a promising frontier for capital accumulation, attracting industrial activity to the island's overlooked regions. This thesis focuses on the most populous border crossing in the island, where the implementation of a free trade zone in 2004 catalyzed rapid population increase on the Haitian side, and urban infrastructures were unable to keep up with the fast pace of informal growth. At this site, the borderline coincides with the River Massacre, a major source of water in the region, threatened by the current patterns of urbanization. Given the scenario of industrial expansion and increased migration to Ouanaminthe, investments in affordable housing are at the core of planning strategies to accommodate urban growth. The proposal sees the opportunity for a territorial strategy that integrates housing and water infrastructures to address uneven urbanization. While the zone exists in isolation to the urban fabric of both cities, its existence provides the opportunity to weave an alternative spatial order, countering the reproduction of spatial and social injustices. By seizing infrastructure's ability to act directly on the city, architecture mediates the complex flows of water and people to build a sustainable urban future. Water is drawn as the layer 0 to accommodate the diverse program, staging the sites for affordable housing units, public open spaces, industrial and agricultural activities. Essential to this scheme are aqueducts that position water not at the edge, but at the center of urban development. Together with other infrastructural artifacts, the aqueducts are mechanisms that forge new individual and collective identities.
by Luisa de Lucena Schettino.
S.M. in Architecture Studies
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Löffler, Tomáš. "Infrastructures and growth: is it a chicken and egg story? Evidence from European countries." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192461.
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This dissertation is attempting to estimate the effects of infrastructure on the economic performance in the sample of European countries. I created two models which try to estimate different impacts of infrastructure on the economy. First of them is based on the Cobb-Douglas production function which estimates the direct effect. Second, is the model based on the Holtz-Eakin and Schwartz approach which measures the spatial spillovereffect.
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Liu, Yanchun. "Impacts of telecommunications infrastructure and its spillover effects on regional economic growth in China." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3364.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 163. Thesis director: Kingsley E. Haynes. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-162). Also issued in print.
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Garlick, Robert J. "Infrastructure, institutions and economic growth : a time-series study of the South African economy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5787.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-43).
A growing empirical has analysed the historical relationship between infrastructure and output in South Africa, finding a broadly positive effect that operates largely via the marginal productivity of private capital. We extend this literature by investigating the relationship between infrastructure, output and institutional quality: protection of property rights, political fractionation and political and economic risk. We develop a model in the spirit of Barro (1990), which predicts a nonlinear relationship between infrastructure and output (positive at low levels of infrastructure and subsequently negative) and a positive effect of institutional capital on both output and the response of output to changes in infrastructure stock.
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Zhu, Fangqun, and Pei Sun. "The Relationship between Transport Infrastructure and EconomicGrowth: An Empirical Analysis Comparing Developing and DevelopedCountries." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3724.
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Gross domestic product (GDP) is generally considered as the most important index and comprehensive measure of the size of economy. This paper investigates empirically the relationship between transport infrastructure (focus on highways) and GDP growth based on a production function approach. The physical stocks of transport infrastructure were used instead of monetary data to measure public capital together with several other variables (labor and private capital) that were hypothesized to affect economic growth. Then we explore a number of subsequent studies that use panel data covering the period between 1992 and 2004. An investigation was done to compare developed countries and developing countries. Results indicate that physical units are positively and significantly related to economic growth. Furthermore there was an interesting finding that the output elasticity with respect to physical units for developed countries is higher than developing countries.
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Munim, Ziaul Haque, and Hans-Joachim Schramm. "The impacts of port infrastructure and logistics performance on economic growth: the mediating role of seaborne trade." SpringerOpen, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41072-018-0027-0.
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Considering 91 countries with seaports, this study conducted an empirical inquiry into the broader economic contribution of seaborne trade, from a port infrastructure quality and logistics performance perspective. Investment in quality improvement of port infrastructure and its contribution to economy are often questioned by politicians, investors and general public. A structural equation model (SEM) is used to provide empirical evidence of significant economic impacts of port infrastructure quality and logistics performance. Furthermore, analysis of a multi-group SEM is performed by dividing countries into developed and developing economy groups. The results reveal that it is vital for developing countries to continuously improve the quality of port infrastructure as it contributes to better logistics performance, leading to higher seaborne trade, yielding higher economic growth. However, this association weakens as the developing countries become richer.
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Musisi, Aldret Albert. "Underinvestment in public infrastructure capital and private sector output and productivity in Uganda : implications for economic growth /." Maastricht : Shaker Pub, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0716/2007468533.html.
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Malyadi-Rachi, Sanaâ. "Aménagement du territoire au Maroc : infrastructures de transport et disparités régionales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32014.
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Cette thèse porte sur le rôle des infrastructures de transport dans la croissance économique et dans la réduction des disparités régionales, avec une application à la question de l’aménagement du territoire au Maroc. Cette question est importante dans la mesure où il s’agit de savoir si les infrastructures de transport peuvent être un véritable outil de développement économique. Le travail est structuré en deux parties et quatre chapitres. La première partie prend la forme d’une revue de la littérature théorique et empirique sur la place des infrastructures de transport dans l’aménagement du territoire et la réduction des disparités régionales. Le premier chapitre est consacré à une présentation des théories de la nouvelle géographie économique et de la croissance endogène qui se proposent d’expliquer les disparités régionales. Le deuxième chapitre aborde les effets des infrastructures de transport sur la localisation des agents économiques et sur les phénomènes d’agglomération des activités. La seconde partie du travail développe une étude empirique sur données de panel qui vise à tester l’impact des infrastructures de transport sur un échantillon de 16 régions marocaines. Le troisième chapitre a pour objet la description de l’échantillon et des variables du modèle retenu, ainsi que l’explication des choix méthodologiques effectués. Enfin, le quatrième et dernier chapitre présente et discute les différents résultats obtenus. Les infrastructures de transport semblent avoir un impact positif sur la croissance économique. Leur rôle dans la réduction des disparités inter-régionales reste ambigu. Au vu de nos résultats, il semble en effet permettre une réduction de l’écart entre les cinq régions les plus riches, sans permettre aux régions de rattraper ces régionsThis thesis examines the role of transport infrastructures in the economic growth and reducing regional disparities, with an application to the issue of the land planning in Morocco. This issue will demonstrate as whether the transport infrastructures can be a veritable tool for economic development. The work is structured in two parts and four chapters. The first part takes the form of a review of theoretical and empirical literature on the role of transport infrastructure in the land planning and reducing regional disparities. The first chapter is devoted to a presentation of new theories of economic geography and endogenous growth, which intend to explain the regional disparities. The second chapter discusses the effects of transport infrastructure on the location of economic agents and the processes of urban activities. The second part of the paper develops an empirical study using panel data which aims to test the impact of transport infrastructure on a sample of 16 Moroccan regions. The third chapter is intended to describe the sample and variables of the model used, and the explanation of methodological choices. Finally, the fourth and final chapter presents and discusses the different results.Transport infrastructures appear to have a positive impact on the economic growth. Their role in reducing inter-regional disparities remains unclear. Given our results, it seems to allow a reduction in the gap between the five richest regions, without allowing the regions to make up these regions
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Panudulkitti, Panupong. "Urbanization and Poverty Reduction Outcomes." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/45.
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This dissertation attempts to examine the effect of urbanization on poverty reduction outcomes by considering various dimensions of poverty and channels of reducing poverty. First, we develop a theoretical model in order to infer a relationship between urbanization and poverty reduction outcomes. Specifically, it shows an optimal level of urbanization to properly allocate basic public infrastructure and promote pro-poor growth. Second, we conduct empirical analysis on international data to examine the testable hypotheses that are derived from the theoretical model. Further, we explore the “channeled effects” of urbanization on basic education and health by the IV estimation and on productivity by the dynamic panel GMM estimation. As the theoretical model suggests, our results exhibit the statistically significant relationship in a non-linear form between urbanization and poverty. In addition, we explore the impact of urbanization on poverty reduction outcomes in different regions in order to see the various magnitudes of urbanization effects among regions.
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Stockmann, Ann-Sophia. "The Effects of Chinese FDI and Infrastructure on Economic Growth across the Belt and Road." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388930.
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China has gone through a phase of rapid economic development in the last four decades. The country is the world’s biggest economy, measured in GDP purchasing power parity terms, and the largest trading nation in terms of the total sum of exports and imports of merchandise trade. With the launch of the century’s largest infrastructure project – the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) – by Xi Jinping in 2013, China is planning to revive the Ancient Silk Roads in order to gain geopolitical power beyond Asia. Thus far, huge flows of FDI have already made their way from China to countries along the Belt and Road, especially the ones in need of additional infrastructure provision. In this paper, the effect of Chinese outward FDI on economic growth in the BRI economies through infrastructure development is examined, thereby conducting a cross-country analysis with panel data for 34 and 27 countries, respectively, over the period 2005–2017. The direct effect of Chinese FDI on economic growth in BRI countries is ambiguous, supporting previous literature on FDI and economic growth. When adding infrastructure indicators to the regressions and accounting for the endogeneity problem, the effect of Chinese FDI on economic growth changes but remains insignificant, nevertheless. This is most likely due to the reduced sample sizes, on the one hand, and the fact that Chinese construction contracts play a bigger role than actual FDI in the BRI.
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Neumann, Thorsten. "Infrastructure spending and economic growth : time series evidence on a non-linear relationship for Germany /." Berlin : Pro Business, 2000. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00039828.pdf.
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Mungendje, Louis. "The causal relationship between road transport infrastructure development and economic growth in Namibia (1990-2014)." Thesis, University Of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29943.
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The major aim of the study was to examine the short and long-run relationships and directional causality flow between road transport infrastructure development and economic growth in Namibia for the period 1990-2014. To achieve this objective, the study adopted the auto regression distributive lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach to co-integration, to examine the short-run and long-run relationship between economic growth and transportation infrastructure in Namibia. The data was sourced from the World Bank Database on GDP from 1990 to 2014, the Namibia National Planning Commission MTEF (Medium-Term Expenditure Framework from 1990-2015) and the Roads Authority Annual Reports from 1999 to 2014, which were imported into the E-view tool to run quarterly regressions from 1990 - 2014. The results confirm a relationship among the variables. The Bounds test results indicated that there exists a long-run relationship among the variables under study. The estimated long-run model showed that there is a statistically insignificant positive relationship between expenditure on road transport and economic growth as well as between information communication technology and economic growth in Namibia. However, the short-run model revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between expenditure on road transport and economic growth. Conversely, both the long-run and short-run estimates showed a statistically insignificant and negative relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Lastly, the Granger causality test results showed no causality between expenditure on road transport and economic growth in Namibia. The present study offers fresh insights to policy makers on crafting appropriate policies to regulate tax consolidation revenue and infrastructure levies collection; secondly, to boost public sector borrowing on international capital markets through bond issues, infrastructure funds and revenue bonds; thirdly, to develop partner financing business models through sector budget support; fourthly, to secure private sector financing through a private debt, private equity or capital structure leveraging business model; and lastly, implementing fast-tightened fiscal and monetary policy measures on foreign direct investment which currently severely affect Namibian capital outflows.
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Oulmakki, Ouail. "Impact des infrastructures de transport sur la croissance économique : le cas du Maroc." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD042/document.
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Les infrastructures de transport sont des biens publics dont l'importance a été démontrée dans la littérature économique depuis les travaux fondateurs des nouvelles théories de la croissance endogène, de la nouvelle économie géographique, ainsi que les études empiriques menées dans plusieurs pays. Notre travail de recherche s'intéresse aux infrastructures de transport dans les pays en développement (PED) avec une application au cas du Maroc.La thèse se présente en deux parties, la première met en évidence le rôle des infrastructures de transport dans l'économie à travers une revue de la littérature théorique et empirique ainsi que la présentation des différentes approches économétriques de modélisation du capital public. Nous étudions le cas du Maroc à travers une étude économétrique par un modèle vectoriel à correction d'erreur permettant d'analyser les relations dynamiques à long terme entre capital public et PIB ainsi que les effets de causalité. Puis, nous démontrons avec un modèle autorégressif l'impact des investissements autoroutiers sur le PIB/hab et l'amélioration de l'accessibilité.La deuxième partie de la thèse s'intéresse aux effets des infrastructures de transport sur la croissance des 16 régions marocaines et les disparités entre ces régions sous l'effet du capital public routier et autoroutier. Nous nous basons dans notre recherche, sur les travaux de Charlot (1999) et Charlot et Schmitt (2002) sur les régions françaises, sur les travaux de Marquez, Ramajo et Hewings (2011) s'intéressant au rôle du capital public sur la croissance régionale des provinces espagnoles, ainsi que sur de l'étude de Malyadi (2011) pour le cas du Maroc. Du point de vue théorique, notre approche se situe au croisement des théories de la croissance endogène et de la nouvelle économie géographique.La progression de la thèse se fait dans un ordre décroissant en termes d'espace étudié, partant du cadre national au cadre régional en terminant par un cas local de l'industrie automobile au Maroc pour explorer les liens entre infrastructure de transport et industrialisation régionaleTransport infrastructures are public goods. Their importance is demonstrated in the literature since the seminal works of the endogenous growth theory, new economic geography, as well as empirical studies conducted in several countries. Our research focuses on the transport infrastructure in developing countries with an application to the case of Morocco. This thesis is divided in two parts. The first one highlights the role of transport infrastructure in the economy through a review of theoretical and empirical literature and the presentation of different econometric modeling approaches. Then, we study the case of Morocco by using econometric approach of vector error correction model to analyze the long-term dynamic relationships between GDP, public capital and the causality effects. Then, we demonstrate with an autoregressive model the impact of highway investments on GDP / capita and improving accessibility. The second part of our research focuses on the effects of transport infrastructure on the economic growth of 16 Moroccan regions, and the differences between these regions as a result of road and highway public capital allocation. We follow in our research Charlot (1999), Charlot and Schmitt (2002) on French regions, and Marquez, Ramajo and Hewings (2011) applied on Spanish provinces. After, we study the evolution of urban primacy in Morocco by focusing our analysis to the structural role of transport infrastructure. We use gravity models to explore spatial interactions between Moroccan regions. Finally, we are interested in the region of Tangier in Morocco. We study the case of the Tangier-Med port as transport infrastructure. We analyze the impacts of this port on the economic dynamics of this region and the location of productive activities
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Birru, Yohannes Ayalew. "Essays on the role of public infrastructure and medium-term growth strategies in developing countries (with particular emphasis on Ethiopia)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65972/.
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Deonás, Nikolaos 1978. "Logistical and transportation infrastructure in Asia : potential for growth and development to support increasing trade with Europe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29392.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-139).
This thesis examines the implications of the rapid growth in demand for trade between Europe and Asia for the existing transportation network and logistical infrastructure. In general terms, technologies need to improve and be compatible with each other, multimodalism and interconnectivity of the various modes needs to be fully implemented, capacities have to grow, facility efficiencies need to improve, planning processes, and government policies need to be updated, along with the growth of demand in the region. The nature and extent of the required changes depend on the role of each country in the region, as well as the capabilities and utilization of the existing infrastructure. The methodology involves an ABC analysis that groups the Asian countries in three categories depending on their level of development and infrastructure. The major transportation modes (urban, road, rail, sea, and air), the logistical infrastructure and the importance and use of Information Technology are examined. Leading economies of the region, categorized as "A" countries, appear to be very successful and are highly competitive in global trade. Network optimization and high technology applications, such as Intelligent Transportation Systems and Electronic Data Interchange can improve these countries' use of infrastructure. Developing countries of the region, categorized as "B" countries, need to further implement best practices and attract funds for the development of their infrastructure.
(cont.) Their needs include further development of the transportation network and integration of all the modes in order to assist their economy and global positioning. "C" countries have inadequate or non- existent infrastructure. These countries need to build or expand their basic infrastructure in order to assist in the transportation of their own products and be able to communicate with the rest of the world. Moreover, international interests imply that these countries provide adequate regional networks that interconnect with those of their neighbors. Directions are provided for the steps that need to follow in the developmental process. Priorities and policy options are analyzed.
by Nikolaos Deonas.
S.M.
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Lee, James Grant. "Proximate Causes: The Influence of Agglomeration, Access to Finance, and Infrastructure on US Economic Growth, 1860-1990." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467374.
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Location matters. A firm's proximity to other firms, finance, and infrastructure affects its profitability and productivity. My dissertation examines how. In chapter one, I quantify the underlying sources of agglomeration, or productivity gains from co-location, and investigate the extent to which those sources changed from 1880 to 1990. In chapter two, I shift to proximity to finance and measure the impact of local bank distress on local manufacturing outcomes during a period of unprecedented---and unrepeated---financial panic, the Great Depression. And in chapter three, I study the importance of local capital and infrastructure destruction on agricultural and manufacturing outcomes using General William Sherman's 1864-1865 march through the US South. Together, my dissertation chapters shed light on the influence of location on firm profitability and productivity, and in turn, US economic growth from 1860 to 1990.Economics