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1
Suley, William, and Kevin Getii Moranga. "Indirect investment and financial performance of the real estate sector in Nairobi County Kenya." Bussecon Review of Finance & Banking (2687-2501) 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/brfb.v2i1.145.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of indirect investment on the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. The independent variables for indirect investment were: investment trusts, exchange-traded funds, commingled funds, and infrastructure funds. The dependent variable was the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. Secondary data was collected from the real estate’s online sources and some from the company offices and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were determined. The study was only able to collect secondary data from 45 real estate companies out of the target population of 69 registered by KPDA in 2015 as it was hard to get data of the rest either from online sources or from the company offices. With the aid of STATA 12.0 software and Excel software, quantitative results were tabulated and presented in the form of charts, bar graphs, and narratives. The study found an existing relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, the Exchange Trust Fund, the Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund. The study concludes that most of the coefficients were significant. The study also concludes that there is a relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, Exchange Trust Fund, Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund when these components are considered together they affect Performance
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Suley Menges, William, and Kevin Getii Moranga. "Indirect investment and financial performance of the real estate sector in Nairobi county Kenya." International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293) 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 09–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v1i4.285.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of indirect investment on the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. The independent variables for indirect investment were: investment trusts, exchange-traded funds, commingled funds, and infrastructure funds. The dependent variable was the performance of real estate in Nairobi County Kenya. Secondary data was collected from the real estate’s online sources and some from the company offices and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were determined. The study was only able to collect secondary data from 45 real estate companies out of the target population of 69 registered by KPDA in 2015 as it was hard to get data of the rest either from online sources or from the company offices. With the aid of STATA 12.0 software and Excel software, quantitative results were tabulated and presented in the form of charts, bar graphs, and narratives. The study found an existing relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, the Exchange Trust Fund, the Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund. The study concludes that most of the coefficients were significant. The study also concludes that there is a relationship between the performance of the real estate sector and the Investment Trust Fund, Exchange Trust Fund, Commingled Fund, Infrastructure Fund when these components are considered together, they affect Performance.
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Pixley, Jocelyn. "A New Financial Infrastructure to Recover the Loss of Trust?" Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 23, no. 1 (May 2009): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8411.2009.01225.x.
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Dziwornu, Raymond K., Kingsley K. Anagba, and Ampem D. Aniapam. "Emergence of Mobile Financial Services in Ghana: Concerns for Use among Informal Sector Women Entrepreneurs." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 17, no. 3_suppl (November 8, 2018): S415—S432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972652718798191.
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Mobile financial services (MFS) have emerged in recent years as an indispensable tool to promote financial inclusion in emerging economies like Ghana. This article investigated the factors affecting MFS use among 300 women entrepreneurs in the informal sector in Ghana, using multinomial logit model. Knowledge of MFS, trust of services provided, nearness to agents and privacy of information are more likely to drive MFS use. In addition to embarking on aggressive radio and television advertisement, service operators should deploy more agents and invest in reliable infrastructure to build users’ trust to increase MFS use. JEL Classification: D12, G20
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Ng, Adam, Mansor Ibrahim, and Abbas Mirakhor. "On building social capital for Islamic finance." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 8, no. 1 (April 20, 2015): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-04-2014-0040.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to set forth seven broad recommendations and 15 specific initiatives within a four-dimensional framework for the development of social capital in Islamic finance, particularly the stock market, given its role as the first best means of risk sharing. Design/methodology/approach – The four-dimensional framework comprises dimensions of principle and value, trust-reinforcing regulation, investment opportunity and infrastructure, as well as reputational intermediaries. Findings – A web of multi-pronged initiatives that are mutually reinforcing is proposed considering the multifaceted dimensions of social capital and the various possible transmission channels by which social capital can influence the financial system. Practical implications – While empirical studies have demonstrated the importance of trust and ethics in financial development, the pressing issue remains how social capital, including trust and ethics, can be developed to achieve a trustworthy, ethical and efficient financial system. This paper attempts to address this concern. Originality/value – This paper provides a framework for building social capital in Islamic finance.
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Farmer, Stephanie, and Chris D. Poulos. "The financialising local growth machine in Chicago." Urban Studies 56, no. 7 (January 28, 2019): 1404–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018801564.
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In this article, we explore how global infrastructure investment funds and actors are financialising the local growth machine in Chicago, and how Chicago’s transforming growth machine uses its influence to financialise urban governance policy goals and institutional arrangements. We view global infrastructure investors through the lens of place entrepreneurs seeking to extract monopoly rents from urban infrastructure. As place entrepreneurs, global infrastructure investors have an interest in forming alliances with other place entrepreneurs to generate political and institutional capacity for infrastructure financialisation. Our case study examines the concrete and specific ways in which global financial firms and actors work in partnership with Chicago’s business civic organisation, World Business Chicago, to shape the City of Chicago’s planning processes and orchestrate a more mature institutional-regulatory infrastructure investment environment through the formation of the Chicago Infrastructure Trust, the city’s public–private partnership infrastructure bank.
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Weru, Jane, Omondi Okoyo, Mary Wambui, Patrick Njoroge, Jacinta Mwelu, Evans Otibine, Ann Chepchumba, Regina Wanjiku, Tabitha Wakesho, and John Pius Njenga Maina. "The Akiba Mashinani Trust, Kenya: a local fund’s role in urban development." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817750963.
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This paper describes the funding and financial services provided by the Akiba Mashinani Trust (AMT) to support the Kenyan Homeless People’s Federation (Muungano wa Wanavijiji). Muungano is a federation of autonomous savings groups with over 60,000 members from informal settlements across Kenya. Savings are critical because they enable wealth accumulation, demonstrate the capacity of the community to repay loans and hence leverage additional resources, and build social capital among members. AMT is able to use these savings as seed capital for revolving funds at the community, city and national scales. The funds offer informal settlers a range of financial products, including community project loans, which allow savings groups to finance social housing, sanitation and basic infrastructure in an affordable way. Therefore, unlike formal banking and microfinance institutions, AMT positions its financial services within a broader effort to improve the physical and social fabric of urban informal settlements. The experiences of Muungano and AMT demonstrate the catalytic impact of establishing appropriate financial services geared towards low-income groups – and crucially, how the savings of low-income people can leverage government resources to achieve more inclusive cities.
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Alfano, Mark. "Elections, Civic Trust, and Digital Literacy: The Promise of Blockchain as a Basis for Common Knowledge." SATS 22, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sats-2020-0016.
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Abstract Few recent developments in information technology have been as hyped as blockchain, the first implementation of which was the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Such hype furnishes ample reason to be skeptical about the promise of blockchain implementations, but I contend that there’s something to the hype. In particular, I think that certain blockchain implementations, in the right material, social, and political conditions, constitute excellent bases for common knowledge. As a case study, I focus on trust in election outcomes, where the ledger records not financial transactions but vote tallies. I argue that blockchain implementations could foster warranted trust in vote tallies and thereby trust in the democratic process. Finally, I argue that if the promise of blockchain implementations as democratic infrastructure is to be realized, then democracies first need to ensure that these material, social, and political conditions obtain.
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He, Wenping. "A Community with a Shared Future." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 01 (January 2020): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500025.
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Beijing has elevated Africa’s position in its foreign policy planning and increasingly regards the continent as a proving ground for its vision of humanity as a community with a shared future. The Xi Jinping administration has laid out a number of principles, for example, sincerity, pragmatism, affinity, and good faith, as well as major economic and financial initiatives — the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank — to step up engagement with Africa in a more comprehensive and targeted manner. China’s development and governance model represents an alternative to the hitherto under-delivering Western approach that has been practiced by many African nations over the past decades. Beijing respects Africans’ political and economic choices, but also stands ready to help the continent try new development approaches and amplify its voices on the world stage. Fostering political convergence, building mutual trust, promoting local industrialization, increasing financial support for small and medium businesses, and ensuring infrastructure sustainability are the priorities for future China-African cooperation.
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Munjin, Munjin. "Social Capital: Trust Building as A Strategy of Developing Madrasa (A Case Study at MI Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga)." Ijtimā'iyya: Journal of Muslim Society Research 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/ijtimaiyya.v3i1.1725.
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The developent of madrasa should not depend on financial capital, like infrastructure and media. There is another variabel which has an important role, that is social capital. If the two variables are maximally used by the headmaster, madrasah will increase rapidly, moreover that madrasa has geneologically the big mass basis. Practically, there are many madrasas that have that two modals, but only few of them can manage to be a power to develop madrasa. One of them is Madrasa Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga, which uses social capital, espesially trust, as a strategi in developing madrasa, despite the fact that it does not stand under a certain religious organization. So, the research question of this study is how MI Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga build and manage the social capital of trust. In addition, this reseacrh will find out a good strategy in developing madrasa and strengthening the social capital. To collect data, the writer performed observation and interviewed some informants and collect some needed documentation. The collected data were then analyzed and connected to the theory used and finally was made conclusion. The conclusion of this research is that social capital of trust was built by philosophical, practical and institutional trust. The inclusive character of madrasa can also help to build trust.
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Chiu, Jason Lim, Nelson C. Bool, and Candy Lim Chiu. "Challenges and factors influencing initial trust and behavioral intention to use mobile banking services in the Philippines." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 11, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 246–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjie-08-2017-029.
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PurposeThis paper aims to assess the direct effects of antecedents of initial trust, the mediating effect of trust and the moderating effect of demographic variables on non-adopters’ behavioral intention to use mobile banking. Design/methodology/approachThe study tested the models of theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior to evaluate potential antecedents of trust (diffusion of trust, infrastructure quality, perceived costs, privacy and security) moderators (demographic variables) and mediators (initial trust) that will influence behavioral intention to use mobile banking. The Hayes’ Process Macro developed by Andrew F. Hayes (2013) was used as a statistical analysis in SPSS to estimates the path coefficients using multiple regression. The tool provides insights on the direct and indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the existence of moderating variables and mediation variables. FindingsThe results show that the non-adopters of mobile banking asserted that the antecedents of initial trust played a significant influence on behavioral intention to use online banking services. Originality/valueThere is a dearth of literature addressing mobile banking in the Philippines. The first initial trust formation in internet banking using computer workstations and laptops in the Philippines was conducted by Chiu et al. (2016). This research fills in the gap by expanding and formulating a deeper understanding of the antecedents of initial trust that influence consumer behavioral intention that might be responsible for the slow diffusion of mobile banking services in the country. The results from this study will help financial institutions create a beneficial connection with consumers while alleviating the fears of non-adopters and enhancing their understanding of the benefits of mobile banking.
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Hsu, Locknie. "ASEAN and the Belt and Road Initiative: Trust-building in Trade and Investment." China and the World 03, no. 01 (March 2020): 2050002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729320500029.
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This article examines a number of trade and investment areas in which trust-building needs to occur between China and its ASEAN Belt and Road Initiative partners in order to better realize the economic benefits promised by the initiative. A number of economic goals of ASEAN converge with those of the BRI, such as those relating to building physical, regulatory and digital connectivity, and this convergence provides potential for joint economic growth and cooperation. Some of ASEAN’s urgent infrastructure needs, for instance, could be met through ASEAN-BRI collaboration. However, a number of issues which have arisen in BRI-related projects within and outside ASEAN need to be addressed in a convincing way, if ASEAN and China are to better achieve such economic goals. These include building trust by fostering confidence that the BRI brings domestic trade and investment benefits, good governance and financial and environmental sustainability, and in the newer field of digital connectivity, by ensuring meaningful dialogs and actions on the use of existing and emerging technology in the BRI.
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THEURILLAT, THIERRY, JAMES H. LENZER, and HONGYU ZHAN. "The Increasing Financialization of China’s Urbanization." Issues & Studies 52, no. 04 (December 2016): 1640002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251116400026.
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This paper provides a heuristic framework to address issues about China’s ongoing urbanization in relation to the role of land and built environment as triggers for economic growth and to the increasing financialization of urban production. While a dominant field of literature highlights the interrelation between land and capital within a specific institutional setting between Central and local governments, it argues to include other key linkages between infrastructures, property development and finance to understand China’s recent exponential urban growth. It first places the current consequent local governments’ debt into perspective along with the evolution of financial circuits for urban infrastructures resulting from Central Government policy and regulation changes. Next, and in line with the real estate literature that highlights the key role of demand, it develops an original understanding of the financialization of urban production from the perspective of China’s property industry. Besides the role of homeownership policies since 1998 which boosted urban production based on use value, various ways of the transformation of property into financial assets have occurred. Chinese households as the main investors have not only been able to directly invest in housing and in non-housing by purchasing flats or commercial property but indirectly by increasing investments in special purpose vehicles such as trust-bank and funds finance and new kinds of investment platforms. In both cases, Central Government macropolicies, both stimulating and restricting from 2008–2016, have gone in hand with increasing financialization processes for local governments’ debt, urban infrastructure financing and real estate.
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Hatmoko, Jati Utomo Dwi, Dita Mentari Putri, and Ferry Hermawan. "Stakeholder Power-Interest Analysis of disaster insurance for public infrastructure in Semarang City." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 26, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v26i2.32086.
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The use of disaster insurance for public infrastructure is still uncommon in Indonesia, including in Semarang. The success of the adoption of disaster insurance for public infrastructure is inevitably dependent on the acceptance of stakeholders. The aim of this study is to analyse the power and interest of stakeholders towards the use of disaster insurance for public infrastructure in Semarang. Data was collected via interviews and focussed group discussions with stakeholders of Semarang government officials, asset managers, users, etc. The power-interest grid of stakeholders divides the stakeholders based on their levels of power and interests, resulting in four categories, i.e. players, subjects, crowds, and context setters. This research identified the players are the Mayor, Regional Disaster Management Authority, and Regional Financial and Asset Management Authority (5.5%); the subjects category includes The Public Works Department of Human Settlements and Highways, Public Works Department, Trade Department, majority Public Health Center (40.7%); the crowds are Education Department and majority public schools (53.7%); and no context setters (0%). This study found that low trust in the insurer is a major factor causing a lack of interest in the use of insurance. The results of this study are valuable to understand the stakeholder map of Semarang city based on power and interest aspects, and serve as a basis for developing disaster insurance adoption strategies for public infrastructure.
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Almosov, Aleksandr, Svetlana Bondareva, Oksana Darelina, Sofya Potomova, and Elena Timacheva. "Peculiarities of development of digital financial ecosystem." SHS Web of Conferences 109 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110901004.
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The development of information society based on creating digital information channels fosters the expansion of virtual interaction of the participants of social relations. It gives rise to technological transformation of financial infrastructure and fosters related changes in other spheres of economy and social life. This research is aimed at finding out peculiarities of forming and developing digital financial microsystems and determining possible scenarios of the development of the Russian national financial ecosystem. The analysis of the statistical data has shown that developing digital technologies leads to the transformation of financial services consumer behaviour. They move from off-line environment with cash payments to the on-line service with non-cash settlements predominance and distant interaction. The trust in fintech-companies and digital financial services is constantly increasing. The caried-out analysis has shown that digitalization of financial sector increases its financial accessibility and fosters poverty reduction (Wang, Yang, Chiu & Lin, 2020) and provides economic growth (Siddik & Kabiraj, 2020). It forms the basis for the transformation of financial architecture and the expansion of digital financial ecosystems in Russia. On the basis of world experience as well as Russian practice, the authors determined the elements and principles of digital financial ecosystem development, identified types of forming and levels of ecosystems functioning.The authors considered two variants of forming the national digital financial ecosystem that differ in the form of interaction of state and private ecosystems functioning. The authors considered two variants of forming the national digital financial ecosystem that differ in the form of interaction of state and private ecosystems. The obtained conclusions are important for making project decisions by the authorities, financial organizations and technological companies.
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Brichka, Elena Ivanovna, Inna Alexandrovna Kolesnik, and Yulia Sergeevna Zharkova. "PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY IN RUSSIAN SECURITIES MARKET: KEY TRENDS." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., no. 1 (54) (2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2021-1-125-132.
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In the modern economy, a special role in the system of financing the reproduction process is played by financial organizations that carry out professional activities in the securities market. Capital flows on a national scale through many channels, but the most adaptive of them is the stock market, which is the Central link of the modern market economy. This is an extremely complex infrastructure, where many financial intermediaries operate a variety of financial instruments and perform a wide range of functions for servicing and managing economic processes. The course of development of this segment is largely determined by the development directions and performance of professional participants. Professional activity in the stock market is strictly controlled by the government, since even a minor event, technical error or unofficial information that has spread can lead to a sharp change in the market situation, to jumps in market prices (rates) of securities. This creates conditions for unfair actions in the stock market. It is in order to protect bona fide market participants and the entire economy of the country from such phenomena that the state, by exercising control over the activities of participants, regulates the financial market and the securities market, which is an important part of it. In our research, we use methods of comparison and graphical analysis for the main types of professional mediation activities. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the current stage of regulating the activities of professional participants has positive results, as evidenced by the growth of investment activity of citizens using brokerage services and trust management in the corporate segment of the securities market. The relevance of the use of trust management of funds is due to the fact that this direction will create conditions for repayment, profitability and risk reduction for investors
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Schammo, Pierre. "Home Country Control with Consent: A New Paradigm for Ensuring Trust and Cooperation in the Internal Market?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 467–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888713809813657.
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AbstractHome country control has been a long-standing principle of supervisory governance in the internal market. However, in the wake of the financial crisis, the principle has come under stress. This chapter looks at ways to deal with home country control by putting forward for discussion a new paradigm which I will coin ‘home country control with consent’ (HCC-C). My aim is to examine the building blocks of HCC-C but also to reflect more generally on the merit of a (mostly horizontal) supervisory arrangement which allows other (host) actors to get involved in the decision making of a home state authority. To describe such involvement, I will use the term ‘interference’. The basic problematic that I seek to address is that of ensuring cooperation and trust between national competent authorities. To identify the building blocks of HCC-C, I will turn to the recently enacted European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) which provides a possible, even if embryonic, template for HCC-C.
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Schammo, Pierre. "Home Country Control with Consent: A New Paradigm for Ensuring Trust and Cooperation in the Internal Market?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 467–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s152888700000313x.
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Abstract Home country control has been a long-standing principle of supervisory governance in the internal market. However, in the wake of the financial crisis, the principle has come under stress. This chapter looks at ways to deal with home country control by putting forward for discussion a new paradigm which I will coin ‘home country control with consent’ (HCC-C). My aim is to examine the building blocks of HCC-C but also to reflect more generally on the merit of a (mostly horizontal) supervisory arrangement which allows other (host) actors to get involved in the decision making of a home state authority. To describe such involvement, I will use the term ‘interference’. The basic problematic that I seek to address is that of ensuring cooperation and trust between national competent authorities. To identify the building blocks of HCC-C, I will turn to the recently enacted European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) which provides a possible, even if embryonic, template for HCC-C.
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Krah, Redeemer, and Gerard Mertens. "Democracy and financial transparency of local governments in Sub-Saharan Africa." Meditari Accountancy Research 28, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 681–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-08-2019-0539.
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Purpose The study aims at examining the level of financial transparency of local governments in a sub-Saharan African country and how financial transparency is affected by democracy in the sub-region. Design/methodology/approach The study applied a panel regression model to data collected from public accounts of 43 local authorities in Ghana from 1995 to 2014. Financial transparency was measured using a transparency index developed based on the Transparency Index of Transparency International and the information disclosure requirements of public sector entities under the International Public Sector Accounting Standards. Findings The study finds the low level of financial transparency among the local governments in Ghana, creating information asymmetry within the agency framework of governance. Further, evidence from the study suggests a strong positive relationship between democracy and financial transparency in the local government. Research limitations/implications Deepening democracy is necessary for promoting the culture of financial transparency in local governance in sub-Saharan Africa, perhaps in entire Africa. Practical implications There is a need for the local governments and governments, in general, to deepen democracy to ensure proactive disclosure of the financial information to the citizens to improve participation trust and eventual reduction in corruption. Effective implementation of the Right to Information Act would also help promote financial and other forms of transparency in the sub-region. Originality/value The study contributes to the public sector accounting literature by linking democracy to financial transparency in the local government. Hitherto, studies concentrate on how entity level variables impact on the level of financial information flow in the local government without considering the broader governance infrastructure within which local governments operate.
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Mashigo, Polly, and Humayun Kabir. "Village banks: a financial strategy for developing the South African poor households." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(2).2016.01.
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Access to financial services is a vital component of poverty alleviation, community and individual development. The major constraint experienced by poor South African households is lack of financial support emanating from systemic weaknesses of the formal financial institutions which include lack of infrastructural facilities, high transaction costs and traditional collateral. The objective of this study is to propose a financial strategy that would improve access to financial services and develop the poor households in South Africa. The research is literature-based since it draws on a wide range of academic literature that documents village/community banks and financing the poor. International best practices which are equally important and crucial are used to identify financial inclusion strategy that alleviates the need for collateral and high transaction costs in financial transactions. The study reveals that village banks create access to basic financial services to the poor households on a sustainable basis through community/village mutual trust, relationships, accountability, perfect knowledge, customs and participation. Based on these findings, it is recommended that village banks be established and supported adequately and used as a financial inclusion strategy for developing the poor households in South Africa
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Hanatani, Atsushi, and Kana Fuse. "Linking resource users' perceptions and collective action in commons management – an examination of water supply systems in Southern Senegal." Water Policy 14, no. 1 (July 18, 2011): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.031.
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Poor maintenance of water supply systems is a critical issue in sub-Saharan Africa. Using survey data on users of motorized piped water supply systems in rural southern Senegal, this paper examines what motivates resource users to contribute financially to the management of water supply system infrastructure by paying their water tariff. Results from logistic regression analysis indicate that users who prefer borehole water and are satisfied with the service provided are more likely than others to pay. In addition, those who trust that other users will pay are more likely themselves to pay than those who do not trust their peers. These findings suggest that assessing the needs of users and providing services tailored to those needs (e.g., quality, convenience) is recommended for future interventions. The incorporation of programs that promote peer trust should also be considered as future interventions to establish or strengthen resource management organization.
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Nathan, Robert Jeyakumar, Budi Setiawan, and Mac Nhu Quynh. "Fintech and Financial Health in Vietnam during the COVID-19 Pandemic: In-Depth Descriptive Analysis." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 3 (March 6, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15030125.
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The growing popularity of smartphones and the proliferation of technology have accelerated the development of the digital payment industry. Fintech enables customers to access financial services more efficiently and faster than traditional business, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic due to health protocols, including restrictions on physical contact. This study investigates financial literacy, fintech adoption, and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the financial health of consumers in Vietnam. The relatively higher level of the unbanked population in Vietnam and the lower level of adult financial literacy compared with the ASEAN region motivated this study. Based on judgment sampling, participants were approached using the mall intercept technique, and those familiar with fintech were selected for the research interview. Thirty participants were interviewed and were given a survey form to be filled online using their mobile phones. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software version 23. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, brand image, government support, user innovativeness, and attitude are found to be significantly correlated with fintech adoption in Vietnam, while financial literacy was found to be not significantly correlated with fintech adoption. Furthermore, further analysis using multiple linear regression revealed user innovativeness and attitude have a positive impact towards fintech adoption, and in contrast, financial literacy showed significant negative impact on fintech. This inverse relationship could indicate that in Vietnam, fintech may play a role of bringing financial inclusion where people with lower financial literacy are able to use technology for financial transactions, which was previously inaccessible to them. This could also mean that Vietnamese with higher financial literacy do not see fintech as an important tool for their financial transactions, as they may already have strong access to traditional financial facilities. This research contributes to knowledge in the field of Fintech adoption in Vietnam at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak. To foster greater financial inclusivity and access for the Vietnamese consumers, policy makers could promote the development of fintech business infrastructure and regulatory sandboxes to foster fintech startups.
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et al., Medvedeva. "Public-private partnership in Russia: Problems of regional development." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 7 (July 2021): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.07.015.
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Social infrastructure provides the development of the territory of regions and countries. Public-private partnership is currently one of the most important tools for modernizing social infrastructure. A modern analysis of publications on infrastructure development shows a high interest of scientists in this issue: The relationship between quantitative and qualitative indicators of infrastructure functioning and socio-economic development of territories, and the dysfunction of management practices are studied. At the same time, the scientific literature does not sufficiently study issues related to a comprehensive assessment of the level of development of public-private partnership, restrictions, and prospects for interaction between government and business on the development of social infrastructure at the regional level. The purpose of this article is to identify the limitations and prospects of interaction between government and business on the development of social infrastructure at the regional level in the Russian Federation based on an integrated assessment of the level of PPP development. The main method of this research is an expert survey of civil servants and representatives of the business community in the Moscow region. The results of the study revealed a low level of mutual trust between business and government, and an average level of PPP development at the regional level. It is concluded that to assess the depth of development of the PPP mechanism in the region, it is necessary to include criteria that demonstrate the evaluation of these projects by the PPP participants themselves. Assessment of the level of PPP in the region should be integral, contain both quantitative indicators (financial and economic) and qualitative (assessment of PPP participants). The strategic direction of PPP development should be to increase the involvement of all stakeholders, taking into account their views in making management decisions in this area. This will help to increase the transparency and openness of the relevant procedures and will allow timely identification of dysfunctions that arise as a result of interaction between government and business.
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Akinrata, Ebunoluwa Bimbola, Deji Rufus Ogunsemi, and Olusola Festus Akinradewo. "OUTCOMES OF UNETHICAL PRACTICES BY QUANTITY SURVEYORS IN NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY." International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (June 21, 2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v1i3.23.
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Ethics have a verifiable effect on the validity and economic supportability of quantity studying practices and additionally influencing the individual security of the profession. There is a developing consent inside and outside the construction industry that unscrupulous practices are endemic in the construction industry especially quantity surveying practice in Nigeria. This paper thusly, x-rayed the outcomes of unethical practices by Quantity Surveyors in the construction industry in Nigeria, and likewise displays more scholarly and practical approach in dealing with moral appraisal of Quantity Surveyors in the construction industry and ways to improve moral standard among them. Very much organized polls (questionnaire) were self-administered to stakeholders and professionals in construction organizations. Literature review also revealed that unethical practices result to dissatisfied clients, late compensation due to delays, low productivity/efficiency of project team, deterioration in professionalism, poor workmanship, high maintenance, upward review of contract cost, poor project coordination, poor quality infrastructure development, stunted growth of the industry, reduction in the life span of building, loss of public trust, conflicts between client and construction team, poor quality of infrastructural development and loss of public trust. Data were collected and analyzed using Mean Item Score (MIS) and Standard Deviation (SD). The results shows that dissatisfaction of clients, High maintenance cost and Poor workmanship were perceived to be the major ethical misconduct by Quantity Surveyors in the construction industry. The study recommended that Quantity Surveyors should not always make financial benefits, other advantages as their real concern and gain cash unethically by all means. Others professionals in the industry ought to dependably be caution and endeavor not to keep any untrustworthy conduct among themselves. Major client in Nigeria construction industry, which is the government need to be fair to the Quantity Surveyors and other professionals in the construction industry.
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Al-Saadi, Sabri Zire. "Crucial challenges to global and oil-rentier economies." Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910902853983.
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This article highlights the limitation of the traditional macroeconomic policies related to oil-rent crucial issues and suggests remedies for the current global financial and economic crises in view of free market efficiency principles as advocated by contemporary economic doctrines: Keynesian and Monetarism. It also reasserts the long-term alternative strategy for the liberalization of the oil-hostage rentier economies. The given analysis is based on the experience of the oil-rentier countries, as well as the fiscal and monetary policies applied in the advanced economies; especially the United States, Britain and the European Union for dealing with the current global financial crisis and economic recession. The general aim of the analysis is to establish the bases for the required confidence in market efficiency and the benefits of the globalization thrust that are not consistent with the applied remedies. It suggests that for both advanced and oil-rentier economies, heavy investment in modernizing and the expansion of the physical, social, and environmental infrastructure projects are, at this stage, essential. However, for the oil-rentier economies, more emphasis should be given to the role of the state until the objectives of the required economic diversification strategy are achieved. As the credibility and trust of the banks and financial institutions, the policy-makers, fiscal and monetary authorities and regulators are very low, it is essential to retain the confidence of business communities and consumers in the financial and economic systems by undertaking unbiased assessment of the causes, impact, and remedies of the crises for different economies.
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Szádeczky, Tamás. "Risk Management of New Technologies." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 15, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2016.3.8.
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Nowadays businesses face multiple issues regarding new phenomena like cloud computing, which is a great business impetus: with the minimization of capital expenditure (CapEx) on IT infrastructure and personnel the efficiency can be improved. Technically this is not a new invention, but it is changing the approach to IT service, which has become outsourced, highly adaptive and scalable. Of course, the change in the technical landscape always implies security issues. Information security is not just a set of technical countermeasures: it is also a business requirement. It will help to avoid financial loss, avoid bad reputation or increase trust among clients.The article analyses business alignment of information security in the case of cloud services. It shows the results of research, where the theoretical and practical issues of risk assessment-based business decision support were analysed and proved. Its finding was that there are cases when we can do examination, but general automatized tools are inadequate. However specialized tools and sometimes third party certifications should give more support.
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Zou, Lixing. "Digital Currencies and Relevant Policy Analysis." Research in Economics and Management 6, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v6n3p1.
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The paper collates the relations of digital currencies with the past forms of currencies, studies the operating mechanism of digital currencies, analyzes the influence of digital currencies on the financial order and economic pattern, and probes into how to drive the reform of global monetary system with pragmatic and innovative efforts. The paper highlights: First, the evolution and development of currency reflects the mankind’s social and economic development level. Second, digital currency born with the advances of technology does not change the content of credit money. The credit money-to-digital currency shift must respect the operating mechanism of money and ensure that the physical market and the money market are balanced or roughly balanced. Third, with a complicated influence on the social economy, digital currency is unlikely to change the global monetary system and the international economic pattern easily. Fourth, the work of encouraging financial innovation and improving overall financial infrastructure should come with strengthened efforts to develop sound rules governing the market order in the context of digital economy, by guarding against the risks from “excessive monopoly” and “decentralization”. Fifth, the paper calls for linking “trust, confidence and credit” of the human society organically with such intrinsic values as global development, global planning and global resources, and also leveraging such values to actively approach the “Earth-based” monetary system and its replacement of the “gold standard”, the “silver standard” and the sovereign credit based monetary system which have been in long use.
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Anago, Jude Chidiebere. "How do adoption choices influence public private partnership outcomes? Lessons from Spain and Portugal transport infrastructure." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 469–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-03-2021-0077.
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Purpose Maximising real efficiency benefit (REB) is currently being replaced with access to private finance as core public–private partnership (PPP) adoption motive. This later choice focusses on short-term performance, compromising REB and the procurement of infrastructure that meets the need of the present and future generations, which the former accomplishes. The paper aims to review these observed changes to understand the rationales and significance behind such switch.Design/methodology/approach Secondary data powered exploratory study. Deployed X-inefficiency theory to triangulate and reduce bias and select country cases to provide the proper foundation for the descriptive “what happened?” question, such as “what was the failure concerns with a particular adoption choice?”Findings The shift to accessing private finance adoption motive against REB failed to improve PPP project performance or meet efficiency and sustainability. Instead, it allows the private sector to assume financial risk without synergistic monitoring from the government to determine their contractual and commitment trust level, which would help achieve the five-dimensional sustainable performance measurement system for PPP. This led to the struggles of PPP projects in Portugal and Spain, where cost overruns and high demand forecast led to project failures. A recommendation, blended finance with its technical assistance additionality, is considered pivotal to addressing access to private finance motive shortcomings.Originality/value This study improves best practices for new and existing adopters by systematically establishing that adoption ideology is a cardinal variable that influences PPP project success. When not correctly adopted, it can make the most successful structured projects face complexities and uncertainty.
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Jain, Geetika, Harjit Singh, K. R. Chaturvedi, and Sapna Rakesh. "Blockchain in logistics industry: in fizz customer trust or not." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 33, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 541–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-06-2018-0142.
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PurposeThe study is an attempt to explore much talked but less understood issue of “blockchain in logistics industry” in modern perspective. The customers' acceptance of blockchain technology in logistics and supply chain is tested through “Technology Acceptance Model” by using attitude, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), behavioral intention and use behavior.Design/methodology/approachData has been collected through online and offline medium, where active 240 responses have been collected finally using convenience sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling (SEM) was carried out for data analysis.FindingsThe customers' acceptance of blockchain technology in logistics and supply chain is tested through “Technology Acceptance Model.” The findings reveal model fit where PEOU, PU and attitude are the major constructs of the model to realize the substantial gains in logistics process efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsConvenience sampling has been considered for the study to collect the data of online users of various technology applications for tracking and shipment detail, whereas a more specified method sampling can be considered for the future research. The study has been conducted in the Indian context, which has been considered as the limitation pertaining to generalization across countries and industries.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will be helpful for market practitioners to build transparency between customers and industry to overcome the frictions in logistics. Blockchain will help in monitoring the performance history and previous commitments of logistics professionals resulting in selecting a responsible logistics solution provider. Access to critical data by the authorized member of the supply chain will reduce unsubstantiated disputes.Social implicationsBlockchain technology will be available to everyone on the network. This will bring transparency and help logistics professionals such as carriers, shippers and brokers to detect early frauds and prevent thefts. It will increase customer trust toward any financial transaction for tracking the ownership of titles.Originality/valueBlockchain technology is envisioned to be a technology that could be a game-changer for decentralizing infrastructure, introducing transparency and building trust in the supply chain. The current study is a novel addition to the literature where blockchain technology enables the indisputable storage of verified data that was previously kept in safeguarded silos.
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Snowden, Michael, Roopinder Oberoi, and Jamie P. Halsall. "Reaffirming trust in social enterprise in the COVID-19 era: Ways forward." Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 5, no. 1, Special Issue (2021): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv5i1sip3.
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COVID-19 has overwhelmed and stretched existing healthcare infrastructure in both developed and developing economies and pushed governmental response mechanisms to the brink. Globally, governments elicited the call for corporate support, asking social entrepreneurs and social business ventures to organise efforts to build voluntary support for the large-scale response needed during the sudden lockdown disruptions. By April 2020, 26.5 million jobs were lost in the US alone (Lambert, 2020), global stocks plummeted at least 25% and gross domestic product (GDP) contracted significantly for all countries. With reduced domestic demand for non-food goods, reduced foreign demand for US goods exports, supply-chain disruptions, and plant closures, the manufacturing sector saw a huge decline (Reinicke, 2020). Governments all over the world announced massive stimulus packages. The US has approved $2 trillion financial support to combat the economic downturn so far (Emma & Scholtes, 2020) and EU finance ministers have recently approved €500 billion in stimulus measures (Riley, 2020). It is estimated that the global economy will grow at -3 percent in 2020. This article sheds light on the role of social enterprises in addressing the societal problems caused by COVID-19. The authors highlight the efforts of virtual and collaborative associations who seek to swiftly recognise issues and develop solutions, which create social value and alleviate the plights of suffering communities. This article sheds light on the role of social enterprises in addressing the societal problems caused by COVID-19. The authors highlight the efforts of virtual and collaborative associations who seek to swiftly recognise issues and develop solutions, which create social value and alleviate the plights of suffering communities. The authors place emphasis upon the role of the social entrepreneur in developing a way forward in these challenging times and present a contemporary conceptualisation of the social entrepreneur in the form of an “avatar” and the impact that this may have on social enterprise.
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Pantzartzis, Efthimia, Lipika Deka, Andrew D. F. Price, Chris Tann, Grant R. W. Mills, and Sameedha Rich-Mahadkar. "Sustainable management of NHS assets backlog maintenance." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 6, no. 5 (November 7, 2016): 535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-09-2015-0055.
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Purpose Lord Carter’s (2015) “Review of Operational Productivity in NHS providers” stated that to improve National Health Service (NHS) England’s efficiency, operational productivity should be targeted in four main areas, one being estates management. NHS England’s estate includes a variety of buildings some of which are considered no longer fit-for-purpose, thus creating risk to patients and staff. These built assets require continuous maintenance, adding pressures to NHS England’s precarious financial situation. The purpose of this paper is to identify positive strategies and major constraints to achieving sustainable management of backlog maintenance (BM) across the NHS assets, and thus suggest balanced actions. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a qualitative approach and combines: literature review of current BM methodologies; interviews with estates and facilities directors from seven NHS trusts on BM strategies; and a NHS trust detailed case study. Findings The major finding is that sustainable management of BM is achievable if there is a consistent, pro-active and long-term strategic approach where critical levels of BM are prioritised. Additional issues (i.e. appropriate methodology, performance metrics and links with clinical service delivery strategies) also need to be considered. Practical implications This study is relevant to the management of the NHS estate including development and adoption of sustainable strategies. Originality/value This paper offers original insights to the factors influencing healthcare estates’ BM at a time when the UK policy agenda is targeting infrastructure operational efficiency and organisations are seeking more comprehensive methodologies.
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Galkina, Natalia Yurievna. "Mechanisms of participatory budgeting in the context of social engineering." Социодинамика, no. 4 (April 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2020.4.32563.
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This article presents the overview of a section of the scientific practical conference “Social engineering: how social engineering changes the world”. The examination was conducted on the aspects of development of the participatory practices in Russia, namely the participatory budgeting (PB). Reports of the speakers demonstrated the path travelled by participatory budgeting in Russia over the recent years, transforming from a financial instrument into social influence, and becoming a field for active and entrepreneurial citizens. Inclusion of sociologists into the PB processes means better feedback from society and increased quality of project management. The research explores the questions of organization of practices of participatory budgeting, key discoveries and current challenges: absence of digitalization, difficulties with urban practices, involvement of population. Residents of the experimental territories demonstrate higher level of satisfaction with the quality of the infrastructure and work of the municipal and urban engineering, improvement in the dialogue with the local authorities, increase in the level of trust towards the leadership of the town and regional authorities overall.
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Klepach, Andrey N. "Social and innovative turn of the Russian economy: plans and reality." Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 227, no. 1 (2021): 30–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2021-227-1-30-91.
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The black swan of the coronavirus pandemic confused all plans for 2020 and created a global recession unprecedented for the last century. Russia managed to limit the scale of the GDP’s and population mortality’s fall, but the losses provoked, in particular, by the seven years of stagnation, are great. Russia will be able to restore pre-crisis production levels in a year and a half, perhaps faster, but it will be extremely difficult to compensate for the population’s losses. There is a consensus that a transition to sustainable long-term growth with the growth rates exceeding the global ones will require powerful systemic changes and a high level of public trust. The most acute societal challenge is a low level of personal income, along with high inequality of income, wealth, and social opportunities. The formation of a new model of development, combining resource and hydrocarbon advantages with a new model of human capital, infrastructure and technologies, is decisive for long-term growth. We can do this only under condition of creation a new financial and managerial system in the country.
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Stewart, Harrison, and Jan Jürjens. "Data security and consumer trust in FinTech innovation in Germany." Information & Computer Security 26, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-06-2017-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically analyse the key factors that influence the adoption of financial technology innovation in the country Germany. The advancement of mobile devices and their usage have increased the uptake of financial technology (FinTech) innovation. Financial sectors and startups see FinTech as a gateway to increase business opportunities, but mobile applications and other technology platforms must be launched to explore such opportunities. Mobile application security threats have increased tremendously and have become a challenge for both users and FinTech innovators. In this paper, the authors empirically inspect the components that influence the expectations of both users and organizations to adopt FinTech, such as customer trust, data security, value added, user interface design and FinTech promotion. The empirical results definitely confirm that data security, customer trust and the user design interface affect the adoption of FinTech. Existing studies have used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to address this issue. The outcomes of this study can be used to improve the performance of FinTech strategies and enable banks to achieve economies of scale for global intensity. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors empirically consider factors that influence the expectations of both users and organizations in adopting FinTech, such as customer trust, data security, value added, the user design interface and FinTech promotion. The results confirm that customer trust, data security and the user design interface affect the adoption of FinTech. This research proposes a model called “Intention to adopt FinTech in Germany,” constructs of which were developed based on the TAM and five additional components, as identified. The outcomes of this study can be used to improve the performance of FinTech strategies and enable banks to achieve economies of scale for global intensity. Findings The authors demonstrated that the number of mobile users in Germany is rapidly increasing; yet the adoption of FinTech is extremely sluggish. It is intriguing to reckon that 99 per cent of respondents had mobile devices, but only 10 per cent recognized FinTech. Further, it is significantly discouraging to perceive that only 10 of the 209 respondents had ever used FinTech services, representing under 1 per cent of the surveyed respondents. It is obvious that the FinTech incubators and banks offering FinTech services need to persuade their customers regarding the usefulness and value added advantages of FinTech. This study has been carried out to determine the key factors that influence and provoke FinTech adoption. Research limitations/implications There are a few limitations in this study. Initially, this study focuses on FinTech implementation in Germany and not the whole of Europe. In addition, demographic and regional factors could be consolidated to inspect their particular impact on the intention to use FinTech services, particularly among younger users with a high interest in technology. Without these constraints, the authors could have gathered additional data for a more robust result and obtained new knowledge to further upgrade polices to enhance the FinTech adoption process. Future analysts can assist exploration of this topic by altering determinants in the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model. Additionally, because the cluster sampling technique was used, the reported outcomes are not 100 per cent generalized to the German population. To accomplish a complete generalization, a basic random sampling strategy for the whole population is essential. The authors could also alleviate some limitations by examining how online vendors are performing with regard to FinTech to satisfy the needs of customers via case studies. Practical implications This study was conducted in Germany and might have produced different results if held in other countries, as technology acceptance is different in a different environment. For instance, the authors suspect that the results would be somewhat different, were the research to be conducted in the United Kingdom, where take-up of FinTech appears to be far greater than in Germany. Therefore, the authors’ results are only generalized for the country of Germany and not other geographical areas. Furthermore, respondents may have been influenced by past experiences about FinTech usage which might have led them to neglect to answer some questions. In spite of this, this study did not consider the influence of moderating variables such as age, education and FinTech services experience. The authors also neglected social impact and control factors, as their corresponding items disregarded the instrument dependability. Accordingly, the authors could not quantify social impact and control factors on FinTech use. Social implications The outcomes of this study can be used to improve the performance of FinTech strategies and enable banks to accomplish economies of scale for global intensity. The authors do hope that this paper will serve to encourage FinTech innovators in their approach to FinTech and enable FinTech researchers to use past work with more prominent certainty, resulting in rigid hypothesis improvement in the future. Originality/value A considerable amount of revenue has been invested in the information technology (IT) infrastructure of banks to enhance their performance, but investment in IT remains a substantial risk regarding the return on investment (Carlson, 2015). Most banks and financial organizations around the globe are engaging in an extreme pressure from their customers and competitors to enhance IT.
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Ma, Xiaoli. "Future Development Trends of REITs in Mainland China." E3S Web of Conferences 218 (2020): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021802011.
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REITs, as unconventional real estate financial tools, are considered to be the most advanced productivity representatives in the real estate industry. With the issuance of the “Notice on Promoting the Pilot Work of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the Infrastructure Sector”, the establishment of China’s real estate investment trusts (REITs) market has become a frontier issue that academia, real estate and financial industries are most concerned about. This article mainly uses the comparison method to analyze the average return rate, FFO growth rate and dividend rate of US and Singapore REITs from 2019 to September 2020. The study found that: when the COVID-19 pandemic and the overall economic environment is unstable, all REITs have varying degrees of negative impact, especially for hotel REITs and retail REITs, the adverse impact is more serious, and the adverse impact on logistics REITs and digital computer room REITs is small. The results show that US and Singapore REITs can better resist risks by adopting the diversified portfolio theory. Based on the comparison of the performance of US and Singapore REITs, this study suggests the future of China: First, pay more attention to the central and western regions and thirdand fourth-tier cities to achieve geographic diversification; second, pay attention to the bright future of logistics REITs and new infrastructure REITs.
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Klimova, Natalia Petrovna. "The impact of financial policy upon innovation activity in the Republic of Belarus." Тренды и управление, no. 1 (January 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0730.2021.1.32548.
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The object of this research is the financial policy and indicators that characterize it. Financial policy certainly has a significant impact upon the actions of innovation actors along with other important factors: access to scientific and technological information, availability of highly skilled personnel, level of innovation infrastructure, status of development of domestic and foreign target markets, availability of domestic market for foreign investment, protection of the rights of investors, trusts of the manufacturers in national currency, absence of obstacles to starting a business, consumer preferences, etc. Using the method of graphical analysis, the author illustrates the dynamics of innovation behavior of the Belarusian companies in the context of changing the key financial indicators. The management of available resources in the company – accrual, savings, or investment into innovation development – would depend on the economic conditions established in the country. The conducted analysis allows concluding on interdependence between the financial results of the companies and their innovation activity, the amount of borrowings and innovation costs, as well as currency rates on the investment in innovation.
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Isik, Ihsan, Larissa Kyj, and Ihsan Kulali. "The anatomy of bank performance during transition." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 5, no. 3 (April 21, 2016): 01–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v5i3.295.
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By drawing on Ukrainian experience, this paper analyzes the anatomy of bank efficiency in a transitional economy. Acknowledging the vast disparities in the business technology of different size banks, in this comprehensive study, we innovatively estimate group-specific (distinct) frontiers for small, medium, and large size banks. The results from separate frontiers reveal that Ukrainian banks record 38% technical inefficiency, 26% pure technical inefficiency, and 17% scale inefficiency on average. Apparently, banks in transition waste about the two fifths of their factor inputs during the production of financial services. The cardinal source of sub-performance in transitional banks seems to be managerial inefficiencies. We also found that banks operating in areas with more political influence and more developed infrastructure outperform the banks operating in politically and economically weaker regions. The results also indicate that larger banks, enjoying public trust in a risky business climate, dominate smaller banks in all forms of efficiency. However, such bias for size causes large banks to suffer from decreasing returns to scale and small banks from idle capacity. Consequently, the policies promoting consolidation between small and large banks may alleviate the excess (idle) capacity for large (small) banks in a transitional economy.
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Nkwabi, Jesca Mhoja, and Julia Fallon. "The Factors Affecting Supplier Relationship Management in the Food Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Dar es Salaam Tanzania." American International Journal of Business and Management Studies 2, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijbms.v2i1.158.
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The Tanzanian food industry is one of the most critical sectors in the country. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the largest processors of food. Although SMEs mostly deal with processing food, they still face challenges, especially with their suppliers. Though previous researchers have investigated partnership issues in SMEs, little has been reported on the factors that impact the supplier relationships found in food manufacturing SMEs. This study employed a qualitative design where semi-structured interviews with 13 experts were conducted to identify the factors that impede SRM in Dar es Salaam. The findings reveal that poor relationship management, poor storage facilities, poor transportation and inadequate production capacities are the main challenges affecting SRM within these firms. To overcome these challenges, it has been recommended to improve the supplier relationships through being transparent, fostering trust and sharing quality information with the suppliers on time. Furthermore, investment in technology has been recommended to reduce costs and to enhance the information sharing between suppliers and SMEs. Government support is required with regard to financial aid and the improvement in the infrastructure to facilitate the easier flow of goods from SMEs to the customers.
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Akinbowale, Oluwatoyin Esther, Heinz Eckart Klingelhöfer, and Mulatu Fekadu Zerihun. "Analysis of cyber-crime effects on the banking sector using the balanced score card: a survey of literature." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): 945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-03-2020-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the effect of cybercrime in the banking sector. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a survey of literature and the balanced scorecard (BSC) to analyse the effect of cybercrime on the banking sector. Findings The literature reviewed confirms an increasing wave of cybercrime that has impacted negatively on the good will and economic growth of financial institutions, indirectly through loss of trust in the digital infrastructure or directly through fraud and extortion in both developing and developed countries. Research limitations This study is limited to the application of BSC to analyse the effect of cybercrime in the banking sector only. Practical implications To avert on going massive losses owing to cybercrime, the authors quest for development of an alert system that can create the awareness of both the banks and the customers by effectively implementing and integrating big data technology into their system to mitigate the negative impacts of cybercrime. Originality/value The novelty of this study lies in the fact that this study uses the BSC for the analysis of cybercrime in the banking sector, a problem that has not been sufficiently highlighted in the existing literature.
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Jayanti, Anes Dwi, Suadi, Sitty Ainsyah Habibie, and Ana Ariasari. "Technical and Economic Aspects to Increase the Income of Seaweed Farmers in Milangodaa Village, Popayato Timur Subdistrict, Gorontalo." E3S Web of Conferences 147 (2020): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014702015.
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Milangodaa Village, Popayato Timur Subdistrict is one of the important seaweed cultivation locations in the Gorontalo province. But in recent years there has been a decline in both the productivity and quality of seaweed produced from this region. This research was conducted to determine the factors that caused a decrease in productivity and strategies to increase the productivity and income of seaweed farmers in the area. This research was conducted with a triangulation method that combines area of study, interviews, and using secondary data. Factors that make a decrease in productivity are diseases, scarcity of seed availability, the fell of seaweed price, and the decreased trust among farmers to the role of institutions and groups in tackling problems. The farmers’ income can be increased by applying the harvest strategy, applying the technical approach such as increasing the area of cultivation, improving the distribution system of seeds and crops, and improving facilities and infrastructure such as anchoring ports and boat capacity. The economical approach consisted of financial sheet assistance, increase the bond among farmers through engaging community and institution as well as agreement on the management of input supply, access and marketing, and distributing the output.
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Wulpiah, Wulpiah. "PARADIGMA BARU PENGEMBANGAN WAKAF PRODUKTIF (Kajian Empiris Badan Wakaf Indonesia Propinsi Bangka Belitung)." ASY SYAR'IYYAH: JURNAL ILMU SYARI'AH DAN PERBANKAN ISLAM 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/asy.v4i1.998.
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At present the study and concern of the muslim community is being focused on socializing, utilizing and developing waqf, especially productive waqf. Which is one of the instrument of sharia social finance. Event the existence of productive endowments is very potential which is allegedly one of the complentary instrument solution for development financing.There are many form of development and utilization of productive waqt in Indonesia both in the fields of agriculture plantations, economics such as establishment of sharia hotel, health; establishment of hospital, infrastructure and other business centers. Cash waqf which is one element of productive endowment can be alternative way of “expansion” of development and development of Islamic economic which can ultimately strengthen financial system stability.The focus this paper will be “reading” the direction of development of productive waqf carried out by BWI Bangka Belitung regarding of socializing, education and implementation program. Therefore, “built in” the new paradigm of productive waqf so that its management its carried out professionally must continue to be encouraged. Furthermore, the intended paradigm is increasing capacity of nadzir; besides having religious knowledge and trust and also having enterpreneursip spriit. Bisides that BWI Bangka Belitung must start introducing cash waqf.
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Gupta, Ambuj. "The Devil’s Laugh at Corporate Governance: The Case of Punjab and Maharashtra Co-operative Bank (PMC Bank) India." Indian Journal of Corporate Governance 14, no. 2 (October 10, 2021): 248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09746862211047315.
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The trust of depositors in the Indian banking system was shaken in September 2019 when the five-page confession letter written by Joy K Thomas, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Punjab and Maharashtra Co-operative Bank (PMC Bank), one of the ten largest co-operative banks in India revealed gross financial irregularities, collusion and fraud in banking operations of PMC Bank from 2008 onwards. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) came into swift action and placed curbs on routine banking activities and restricted the withdrawal of money to a limited amount. Succumbing to the shock, depositors protested at several places and even, eleven depositors lost their lives. With a huge exposure of 73% of the overall loan portfolio to a single borrower, Housing and Development Infrastructure Ltd (HDIL) & group companies, that too facing insolvency proceedings, the recovery of full money was almost impossible. The malice at PMC Bank is the classic case of crony capitalism, collusion and fraud, and failure of corporate governance. The case draws important lessons for reforming co-operative banking sector and strengthening banking supervision in the country.
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Silberg, Timothy Robert, Maria Claudia Lopez, Robert B. Richardson, Theresa Pesl Murphrey, Gary Wingenbach, Leonardo Lombardini, and Taya Brown. "Understanding Social Capital, Networks & Institutions: A Guide to Support Compost Entrepreneurship for Rural Development." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 5 (September 29, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n5p71.
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Compost micro-entrepreneurship has been used as strategy to increase the incomes of poor and rural farming communities. Nevertheless, several difficulties can arise to sustain these small businesses. The conversion of organic material into compost requires labor, tools and infrastructure. Many poor and rural microenterprises cannot afford all of these inputs to sustain operations. Literature suggests that social capital and collective action can address challenges related to limited resources for communities and small businesses. Little research, however, has explored how coworker characteristics and their cooperative efforts affect the financial sustainability of compost micro-enterprises. The objective of this study was to unveil whether rural compost microenterprises use social capital and/or collective action to address various challenges related to natural and financial capital, and if so, in what manner. A multisite case study framework was implemented using participant observation to identify common challenges faced by compost microenterprises in Chimaltenanago, Guatemala. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine if coworker characteristics (related to social capital) addressed these challenges, and if so, how. Four characteristics related to social capital emerged from a thematic analysis, including 1) raw material access based on coworker occupation, 2) overhead savings from human capital, 3) credit/market-entry granted from social networks, and 4) consumer trust gained from social capital/gender. It appears the investigation and development of compost microenterprises should be more cognizant of opportunities related to coworker characteristics, especially those related to social capital and collective action. As a result, management training can be integrated within entrepreneurship development to sustain urban and rural economies.
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Mahmood, Rafel. "Islamic Governance, Capital Structure, and Equity Finance: Examining the Possibilities of American Financial Sharī'ah Boards." International Journal of Legal Information 37, no. 1 (2009): 29–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003437.
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AbstractIn this world of misinformation and predatory ideologies, a basic economic connection may be the difference between the success and failure of American foreign policy in the Middle East. In times of conflict, establishing the commonality of shared financial values can be the best way to build trust. It is remarkable then that the world's largest and most advanced economy has failed to develop the simple financial mechanisms—using Islamic finance and Sharī'ah boards—to connect with Muslims across the globe. Even if the United States’ central focus remains combating terrorism, it is clear that the more financial information the United States can gather, the better equipped it will be to fight the war on terror. Along with the enhanced information capital made possible through Islamic finance and Sharī'ah boards are significant reputational advantages that the United States would not otherwise have. For instance, an Islamic-American humanitarian institution could be certified by multiple clerics in Iraq, thus offering new momentum to the organization's humanitarian mission by preventing numerous belligerent attacks that terrorists might subject upon a purely American institution that lacks the legitimacy conferred through such Islamic ties.Currently, The United States' continuing domestic failure to develop a compatible framework for Islamic finance verges on negligence. This failure is strongly contrary to broader American commercial interests. Consider that economists estimate the outflow of Sharī'ah capital from Gulf countries to be approximately $1 trillion, growing at 20% per annum. Additionally, Gulf countries are currently set to spend upwards of $10 trillion on new infrastructure over the next decade using Sharī'ah compliant financing vehicles. The world currently has roughly two billion Muslims, many of which will one day demand, or at least prefer, Sharī'ah compliant financial products. If the United States does not develop the administrative and legal framework to serve this market, other foreign financial institutions surely will. In fact, economists currently value the Islamic finance industry in the United Kingdom at $12 billion. In stark contrast, in the United States this same market comprises a mere $150 million in assets. This article will examine the necessary mechanics of establishing an Islamic-American corporation in Delaware for the purposes of conducting transactions with the Middle East, and analyze in detail the essential Islamic financial governance structure-the Shari'ah board.
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Kapranova, L. D. "Non-governmental coverage of retirement benefits as part of the national socio-economic policy." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.3.449.
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Subject. The article examines the existing non-governmental system of retirement benefits and non-governmental pension funds, key trends and issues in the Russian Federation. Objectives. I analyze key performance indicators of non-governmental pension funds and detect the main development challenges. I also study the composition and mix of their investment portfolio, growth in pension savings and their return. Methods. The study relies upon methods of logic, statistical, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and graphical methods for representing results of the analysis. Results. I discovered that more people opt for non-governmental pension plans in the Russian Federation. I analyzed the comprehensive investment portfolio of a non-governmental pension fund and found a growth in deposited funds and their return. Non-governmental funds’ investment portfolio now include more investment in the real economy. Non-governmental pension funds may become a source of financing the real economy to implement long-terms infrastructure projects through PPP. Conclusions and Relevance. Continuing their development, non-governmental pension funds are called on to increase the standard of living and ensure the sustainability of the pension system. The stability of the national economy, growing income of the population and trust in financial institutions are cornerstones for reinforcing the non-governmental pension system. The fact that the funded part of retirement pension has been frozen impedes the development of non-governmental pension funds, since the influx of financial resources is restricted. Long-term savings people make in non-governmental funds may streamline investments in the economy. Currently, the fund raising program for non-governmental pensions funds is insufficiently implemented, with efforts to revitalize it being ineffective.
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Suchocka, Lilia, Aziza Yarasheva, Elena Medvedeva, Olga Aleksandrova, Sergey Kroshilin, and Natalia Alikperova. "Opportunities for interdisciplinary studies of the economic behavior fundamentals." Population 24, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.4.7.
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The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the economic behavior of the population in the field of consumer, saving, investment, and credit activity. The analysis of human economic actions only for solving scientific problems is divided into the listed types, but in practice, an individual makes a particular decision (chooses a certain strategy) under the impact of simultaneously influencing groups of factors that depend on gender and age, place and living conditions, social affiliation-income group, level of education, psychological and value attitudes, level of development of the financial infrastructure in a certain territory, stage of economic development of a country and / or region. And now another significant factor has been added — the coronavirus pandemic and its consequences. The article presents the results of the first stage of the interdisciplinary research project "Socio-psychological factors of economic behavior of the population: risks and opportunities (cross-country comparisons)" carried out by the authors. On the basis of the data obtained with the help of the sociological tools developed by the authors, the types of economic behavior are investigated in terms of four psychosocial aspects closely related to the features of mentality: trust, risk, stress, responsibility. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the motives and strategies of economic behavior provides identification of the most realistic picture of all current risks and opportunities for population in the financial and consumer services market. At the second stage, the data obtained by the authors from the results of the survey of the Russian population, will be compared on the basis of a comparative analysis with the outcomes of the forthcoming surveys of respondents from Poland, Belarus, Lithuania and Slovakia.
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Jesse Nakhumwa, Ndubi. "Adoption of E-commerce Payment Systems by Commercial Banks in Kenya." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 1600–1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v9i2.2853.
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E-commerce, which is combination of traditional commerce and Internet, has brought dramatic changes of the way business transactions are conducted prompting banks, as the intermediary financial instruments, to adopt and adapt electronic payment systems (EPS). These e-payment systems which include debit and credit cards, electronic fund transfer, mobile payments platforms and internet banking are already in use in Kenya market. Importantly to note is the fact that electornic payment instruments are not used with equal intensity even in developed countries due to various reasons. The research thus is focused on identifying key drivers for adoption of EPS in Kenya market by banks.The researcher identified major variables affecting adoption of EPS which included security status, perceived level of trust, infrastructure capability to handle the system, marginal cost reduction and perceived associated benefits. A descriptive census survey of all the 43 banks was then done through a structured questionnaire. With a id of technology acceptance model and DeLone & McLean Information System Success model, the data collected was empirically analysed and results presented.With different intensity, the findings of the study revealed that many banks in Kenya are implementing EPS platforms. The driving forces for the adoption are the factors identified in the conceptual framework of this study. Bank respondents successfully did the rating of these factors. Therefore, the study recommends for a concerted effort amongst EPS key players to streamline operations in their area of concern. They should establish policies and legal framework good for electronic transactions as well as building sound telecommunication infrastructure countrywide. Again, this study is just but a stepping-stone to a better analysis that will unlock the potential of e-payment systems. The researcher encourages both academicians and practitioners to critique the study findings.
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Krishnappa, Lalitha. "Worker safety in Designated Microscopy Centers (DMC) and Tuberculosis unit (TU) under Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme (RNTCP) in state of Bihar – Contribution & Role of DTST." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2013): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i1.6647.
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Damien Foundation India Trust (DFIT), one of the members of International Federation of Anti-Leprosy associations (ILEP) are involved in providing technical and financial support in leprosy and TB control through its projects spread across the country. While support to leprosy control started way back in 1982 through its own project, support to TB control started only in 2003. This study was part of evaluation taken to assess the role of DTST in achieving the planned objectives and to assess the impact of DFIT’s involvement in TB control. To assess the current status of worker safety in DMC/TUs of RNTCP centers in state of Bihar and the role and contribution of DTST in ensuring the same. This cross sectional evaluation study was undertaken in randomly selected 8 DMCs/ TUs in rural areas of two districts of Bihar state in 2007. Evaluation was done using pre-tested observational checklist and personal discussions with key personnel. Evaluation included assessment of role & contribution of DTST with respect to infrastructure & resource availability; Training and capacity building; Practice regarding safe disposal of infected materials & worker safety. Most of the civil works was complete in functional DMC/ TUs visited. Sharp pits for sharp disposal were available in only 50% of DMCs/TUs. Staffing position complete to nearly 80%. DTST role in capacity building training, infrastructure availably and monitoring of the programme has been remarkable. However there is a need to emphasis on importance of the worker safety and universal precautions during training. Effective implementation of clearly laid down National guidelines & policy keeping in lieu of the worker safety is the need of the hour when the programme gets streamlined in the general health system.
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Shkarlet, Serhiy, Valeriia Prokopenko, and Maksym Dubyna. "DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKET OF UKRAINE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (February 11, 2019): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-412-420.
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Development of the financial services market is an important component of the national economy’s development. Within this market, credit and investment resources are formed, which are the basis of economic development of the real economy sector of the state. It is this that determines the importance of creating conditions for improving the efficiency of financial institutions, which become intermediaries between persons who have free funds and those economic entities that they need. The outlined justifies the relevance of the topic. Consequently, taking into consideration the objective of the study, the following aim of its implementation was set: to identify and substantiate the main determinants of the development of the financial services market in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: to identify the main, most important, measures of transformation of the environment of financial institutions functioning; to substantiate the essence of such measures and the peculiarities of their implementation; to specify basic actions within the limits of separate determinants of the financial services market development, to describe their applied character. Method. In the course of the research, a range of different scientific methods was used. Among the general techniques, it is necessary to allocate methods of observation, comparison, abstraction. It is advisable to include the method of economic analysis, synthesis, system approach, content methods, and event analysis in specific research methods. Results. Universal priorities of financial services markets development in different countries are determined and systematized, the analysis of which made it possible to investigate perspective determinants of the development of such a market in Ukraine, peculiarities of their introduction into the functioning of the financial services sphere are described. Among these measures are the following: increase in the stability of financial institutions, increase the transparency of the functioning of producers and consumers of financial services, raising the level of financial literacy in society, reforming the state regulation system of the activities of financial intermediaries, the formation of the trust infrastructure system. Taking into consideration the received scientific outcomes, the justification of peculiarities on the implementation of these priorities in the system of the financial services market functioning in Ukraine is conducted. Practical implications. The research results obtained in the course of the research implementation regarding the possibilities of changing the financial services market for improving the efficiency of financial institutions work have an applied character, and their implementation will make it possible to form a new environment for the functioning of such economic actors. This will facilitate the transformation of financial resources to increase the formation of investment and loan funds. The results obtained can be used by public authorities that regulate the activities of financial institutions in the process of developing new strategic documents for the development of the financial services market in Ukraine. Value/originality. The conducted research is relevant, considering the significant impact of the financial services market on the development of the national economy, the proposed measures for the development of such a market are applied and can be used by public authorities in the regulation of the activities of financial institutions. This research has been conducted within the framework of the scientific work implementation Department of Finance, Banking and Insurance, Chernihiv National University of Technology, Ukraine on the following topics: “Financial stability of economic systems in crisis conditions of management” (No. 0115U001149) and “Development of financial intermediaries in the turbulent conditions of the national economy’s functioning” (No. 0115U001149).
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Chawla, Deepak, and Himanshu Joshi. "Consumer attitude and intention to adopt mobile wallet in India – An empirical study." International Journal of Bank Marketing 37, no. 7 (October 7, 2019): 1590–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-09-2018-0256.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the factors that influence a consumer’s attitude and intention to use mobile wallets using a sample representative of Indian users. Design/methodology/approach A multidisciplinary model is proposed, building on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and other relevant research on factors, which influence technology adoption. A synthesis of review of literature on factors influencing technology adoption besides two focus group discussions (FGD) was used as a design a pilot instrument. A nationwide primary survey was conducted using the questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used to select the respondents. In total, 744 respondents participated in the survey, and 17 hypotheses were formulated and PLS-SEM was used to estimate and test the hypothesized model. Findings The results show that factors like perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), trust, security, facilitating conditions and lifestyle compatibility have a significant impact on the consumer attitude and intention to use mobile wallets. Of the proposed 17 hypotheses, 15 were accepted. Ease of use significantly influenced usefulness and trust, whereas PU significantly influenced trust, attitude and intention. Security and trust were found to be play an important role in determining trust. Research limitations/implications This study examines the perception of students and working professional from large Indian cities. A larger representative sample encompassing balanced representation from urban and rural India could enhance the scope and widen the application of the results across larger target groups. This study analyzes data at a specific point in time. Considering the rapidly changing rate of adoption of mobile wallets, a longitudinal study could, therefore, be conducted. Furthermore, the possibility of including other antecedents like relative advantage, perceived benefits, personal innovativeness among other factors, which have not been addressed here can be explored. Also, additional research can help examine the role of demographics in adoption of mobile wallets including its moderating effect. Practical implications As security and trust emerged as important constructs for acceptance of mobile wallets, there is a need for developing an integrated robust, reliable and secure infrastructure. A joint think tank involving key stakeholders (financial institutions, mobile wallet providers, government, security experts, etc.) should propose guidelines to ensure safe and secure transactions. The findings have managerial implications, which can guide companies offering mobile wallets to enhance usage and adoption of such services. Originality/value Mobile wallets have provided newer digital payment avenues to consumers while offering companies and marketers greater opportunities to market their products and services, online. However, not much is reported about the adoption of mobile wallets in India. The study is perhaps the first in India to examine the adoption of mobile wallets using a larger sample in comparison to earlier studies. The study proposes and validates additional constructs, which were not present in the original model.