Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infrastructures de transport – Tunisie'
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Harizi, Riadh. "Infrastructures de transport et développement économique : une analyse cliométrique sur données tunisiennes." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10069.
Full textBayoudh, Mohamed. "Investissement en infrastructure publique et croissance en Tunisie : une analyse en équilibre général calculable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28823/28823.pdf.
Full textDa, Silva Stéphanie. "La sécurité des infrastructures de transport." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10049.
Full textOn March 24th, 1999, a fire swept through the Mont Blanc tunnel, Results: 39 victims. How such a disaster could happen? People wonder about it. The powerful French Republic react, the Law n°2002-3 from January 3rd 2002 is published. Two targets are clearly identified by the legislator: Secure transportation infrastructure (prevent the risks) and work on feedback after each incident, in a way to avoid that disaster happen again. Several legal text (national or european) are voted to reinforce them. Following the Law n°2002-3 from January 3rd 2002, many others law from various legal branches were added: for example, public building, and urbanism etc … Nevertheless, the security does not stop in the limitation, in the abolition of the risk; anticipate the actions to be led facing these events are also important. So, operational planning (internal and external) also represents a critical part: It is necessary to foresee the actions of every actor in front of the event. Next to aspects prevention and forecast, we must take care of the return of experience provided by internal actions or investigations performed when these incidents happen. Finally, the transportation infrastructure are subjected to security standards, it could be explain in one way because of the risks related to the transportation infrastructure themselves and in another way for their impacts on existing risks. The security in transportation infrastructure is completely integrated in the “Culture of the security” philosophy
Lopez, Alexia. "Enjeux psychosociaux des grandes infrastructures de transport." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984129.
Full textLAFFORGUE, FRANCOIS. "Environnement et infrastructures de transport terrestre en europe." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA111012.
Full textThe growth of the transport by land network in europe raises many questions about the protection of the environment. European law provides some answers, including the provision of legal instruments to include the environment in decision process. In 1985, the community institutions adopted the council directive 85 337 on the environmental assessment of some private and public projects. This was the first step tpwards the integration of environmental concerns into the approval procedure of road and railway projects. This directive is, however, limited to the project level; the environment is therefore not taken into consideration during the decision stage. The european community has already intervened in community financing procedures of roads and railways regarding environmental matters. They now have to intervene during the initial stage of the decision-making process, that is, at the level of plans, politics and programmes which concern national and european transport networks
Girardet, Xavier. "Paysage & [et] infrastructures de transport : modélisation des impacts des infrastructures sur les réseaux écologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069242.
Full textGleyze, Jean-François. "La vulnérabilité structurelle des réseaux de transport dans un contexte de risques." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070025.
Full textThe increasing importance of natural and technological disasters have lead societies to take an interest in the risks prevention and prediction. A way to reduce risks consists in reducing the vulnerability of the threatened items, that is their propensity to be damaged. Among these items, the transport network are particularly interesting because they are threatened not only in a material way (damaging to the infrastructure), but also in a functional way (damaging the use) through the damaging to their structural properties (then relation opportunities offered by the networks). In order to understand and to forecast the functional disturbances of a transport network threatened by a disaster, it is relevant to define and evaluate the vulnerability of its structure, that is of the networks lattice out of any use consideration, and to understand the underlying relational organization. In that respect, we first have to build a framework adapted to such structural study, that is to define the data structure, the assumptions, the modelisation choices ans the necessary tools. Then we propose a definition of the vulnarability and we develop tools for its evaluation and its caracterization. According to the interests and the limits of such tools, we propose at last to improve the caracterization of the vulnerability by highlighting the structural properties which explain the different vulnerability levels on th network. This research is lead on several real networks which bring up various scales and whose features are interesting within a risk context
Westlund, Hans. "Kommunikationer, tillgänglighet, omvandling : en studie av samspelet mellan kommunikationsnät och näringsstruktur i Sveriges mellanstora städer 1850-1970 /." Umeå : University of Umeå, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39148213f.
Full textLaroche, Florent. "Economie politique des infrastructures ferroviaires." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22016/document.
Full textThere is still much progress to make concerning the French and the European railway networks, both from governance and competitiveness standpoints. This is the conclusion this work lead to. The results from the Enerdata-LET research consortium (2014) illustrate that, considering factor 4 for horizon 2050, the modal shift of demand in transport towards railway could be massive. Regarding this, the situation of Paris-Lyon high-speed line, already up to its saturation level, addresses the issue of the capacity a system possesses to bear new traffics. Two schools oppose there. On one side, the supporters of the SNIT suggest a quasi-doubling of the high-speed railway network, in order to cope with futures needs, whereas on the other side, the “Mobilité 21” commission gives priority to the search of increasing returns from the existing infrastructure. Without claiming to solve the issue, this work attempts to bring up comprehension elements on the interaction between demand and offer in the railway sector.Studying the accordance between an increase in railway demand and offer leads us to question performance. It means being able to define capacity of the railway infrastructure, first. But it also means questioning its limits, which addresses the phenomenon of saturation, also called congestion. Eventually, this all inevitably leads to put into perspective the relativeness of these limits and to question the ways to overcome them. The objective of this research is to apply this issue to the railway system, accounting its specificities. We consider its constitution as a network industry and as a natural monopoly, when considering the infrastructure (infrastructure manager). Without pretending to conclude the debate on governance, we consider that this particularity might influence actors and, thus, performance. We also consider the legal framework at the European scale. One can’t question performance without framing the railway sector within its legal context. Then, the main purpose of the analysis stands in the study of saturation of the Paris-Lyon high-speed line. We consider the line as representative of the expected performance level of the whole French railway network. It challenges both technical and economic capacities that are in the core of our rationale on performance, its requirements and the opportunities of the French network
Joalland, Olivier. "Les mesures d’accompagnement comme facteurs d’insertion territoriale des infrastructures de transport d’électricité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0012/document.
Full textThe aim is to explore different mechanisms (compensations, incentives) to respond to local demands for the implementation of electricity transmission infrastructures. The thesis is structured around three research axes: 1-Economic valuation of the impacts of power lines on property values 2-How to share compensation between municipalities 3-Local demand for compensatory mechanisms
Aboulkacem, El Mehdi. "Infrastructures de transport urbain et frictions du marché du travail." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12021/document.
Full textWe explore in this thesis some aspects of the role played by the urban transport infrastructures in reducing the labor market frictions caused by the spatial separation between the places of residence and the job opportunities locations. To do so, this thesis is written in three chapters.In the first, we build a series of spatial matching functions linking jobless workers to vacant positions. These functions depend on the transport infrastructures parameters and are not conditional on the structure of the city in which the matching process occurs. In the second chapter we present an innovative public policy evaluation instrument used for measuring the impact of the Paris region transport infrastructures performances on the local unemployment rates and for predicting the impact of the Grand Paris Express on these rates. This instrument can be used in other contexts and for other regions. Last but not least, the third chapter analyses the determinants of the home-workplace distance of two-worker households' workers living in Paris region. The objective is to provide some clues to understand the transportation demand generated by the constant growth of the part of this kind of households and to anticipate it while designing the future planning policies
Malyadi-Rachi, Sanaâ. "Aménagement du territoire au Maroc : infrastructures de transport et disparités régionales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32014.
Full textThis thesis examines the role of transport infrastructures in the economic growth and reducing regional disparities, with an application to the issue of the land planning in Morocco. This issue will demonstrate as whether the transport infrastructures can be a veritable tool for economic development. The work is structured in two parts and four chapters. The first part takes the form of a review of theoretical and empirical literature on the role of transport infrastructure in the land planning and reducing regional disparities. The first chapter is devoted to a presentation of new theories of economic geography and endogenous growth, which intend to explain the regional disparities. The second chapter discusses the effects of transport infrastructure on the location of economic agents and the processes of urban activities. The second part of the paper develops an empirical study using panel data which aims to test the impact of transport infrastructure on a sample of 16 Moroccan regions. The third chapter is intended to describe the sample and variables of the model used, and the explanation of methodological choices. Finally, the fourth and final chapter presents and discusses the different results.Transport infrastructures appear to have a positive impact on the economic growth. Their role in reducing inter-regional disparities remains unclear. Given our results, it seems to allow a reduction in the gap between the five richest regions, without allowing the regions to make up these regions
Mitsiopoulou, Sofia. "Le marché des infrastructures de transport : les aéroports et les ports." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010312.
Full textThe liberalization of air and maritime transport has resulted in the transformation of the respective infrastructures, in order to facilitate competition between transport operators. However, the most remarkable change has been the development of competition between them. In spite of the particular tasks of general interest assigned to the infrastructures of transport and although each infrastructure taken separately holds a considerable market power, airports and ports are susceptible to competitive pressure. Indeed, the natural monopoly characteristics have been relativized due to the mobility in the economy of transport. Both airports and ports often become simple links in the competitive strategies of carriers, which constitute their powerful counterparts. The law responded to this economic phenomenon, by dismantling state monopolies, proceeding to their privatization or decentralization. Therefore, this tendency has led to a competition between emerged operators, for and within the "market of infrastructures". This market is certainly "hetero-determined", which means that it is highly dependent of the competition in the market of transport. Thus, the definition of the relevant market takes into account the market of transport. Besides, the possible forms of competition or cooperation between infrastructures are determined by the carrier strategies
Rieber, Arsène. "Impact du capital public sur la productivité et la croissance." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131034.
Full textThis thesis considers the relationship between public capital stock and aggregate productivity and growth. We define "public capital" as community facilities, or "core infrastructure" (streets and highways, water supply. . . ) which function as an input to the private production function. A first part contains the theoretical framework of our research: public capital stock fits into the core of the dynamic of endogenous growth models. The discussion center first on fiscal distortions generated by infrastructure financing: in this perspective, our formalization results on a contradiction between long term and short term view of government policy. In a second model, the interaction between public capital accumulation and revenue growth leads to an endogenous dynamics with multiple equilibria: this result allows tentative interpretations of economic divergence between countries. The empirical studies, linking productivity and growth to public capital, are expounded in a second part. On one hand, we estimate the theoretical relationship between public infrastructure and growth by a "solow augmented" model: the results offer a statistical reliability of the important role of the former on the latter. On the other hand, the pattern of causality discerned in our theoretical framework are empirically studied: it exhibits a bi, directional causality. The last part of our research considers the impact of public infrastructure on industrial location. In this perspective, a model of economic geography is exhibited: trade integration implies that firms tend to locate in countries with better infrastructure. In other words, differentials of public capital endowments can magnify polarization of industrial activities. This dynamic spatial model is confirmed by our empirical results: for this purpose, we have estimated the determinants of foreign direct investment within the european community
Goulou, Jean-Richard Armand. "Territorialisation et infrastructures de transport et de communication : cas du Congo-Brazzaville." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40045.
Full textIn line with the government'saims, territorialisation in Congo-Brazzaville enables the integration of a political dimension in the communication and transportation infrastructures? The territory of Congo-Brazzaville, populated by ethnic groups including the m'bochi, teke and kongo is characterized by three groups of regions located in the northern, southern and central areas of the country. The geographical conditions in these regions are varied as restrictive and have been enhanced with transportation and communication network. The territorial and administrative organisation applied to these regions since the colonial period has evolued by trial and error. Furthermore, they are developed complex social structures and generated some disparity not only in the various. .
Mallah, Nada. "Faisabilité des projets d'infrastructure au Liban." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_mallah_n.pdf.
Full textThis thesis provides a qualified reflection on the weak infrastructure projects sector and trends in Lebanon, as being a country which confronted a thirty year of civil war in the past, leading to a major abolition of its macroeconomic sectors and drastic escalation of its internal and external debts. The development of the infrastructure sector in Lebanon has been rated out as poor. The foresaid sector brazened out a lack in financing, inflated cost per kilometer at execution, and aggressive corruption at front line. The registration of constant public revenues and expenses gap commanded, through out the years, the legislative budget to incur continuous deficit. Part of debts acquired has been misused in roads infrastructure projects. Most of theses investments have not reach its development alleviation goal due to un-accurate feasibility studies, corruptive public environment, and delays in payments to contractors, all jeopardizing the quality of projects deliverables, and contractors financial exposures. Therefore, a Public Private Partnership formula is seen as a major effective strategy to lessen and improve the condition of the Lebanon roads infrastructure sector. The first part of this thesis is a qualitative research exposing the multiple economic development strategies, with a stress on the transportation development sector, that has been executed by Lebanon government. In the second part, the research is more focused on the assessment of different financial theories and practices used, by public institutions, in the financial analysis of transportation infrastructure projects, with a complete elaboration on the methodologies for the development of proper project appraisal document (business plan) for infrastructure project. As for the third part, it is concentrated over the analysis of multiple costs factors related to land transportation projects , with comprehensive assessment of a financial feasibility study of a substantial highway road in south of Lebanon, and the proposition for the adoption of public private partnership projects (PPP). The conclusion has been provisioned to wrap up the thesis and identify hope for Lebanon future
Mestre, Catherine. "L'axe durancien : aménagement et transport /." Paris ; Budapest ; Turin : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38907463q.
Full textDanau, Daniel Bonnafous Alain. "The role of market uncertainty in infrastructure projects." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/danau_d.
Full textGuinard, Eric. "INFRASTRUCTURES DE TRANSPORT AUTOROUTIÈRES ET AVIFAUNE : LES FACTEURS INFLUENÇANT LA MORTALITÉ PAR COLLISION." Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957522.
Full textOulmakki, Ouail. "Impact des infrastructures de transport sur la croissance économique : le cas du Maroc." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD042/document.
Full textTransport infrastructures are public goods. Their importance is demonstrated in the literature since the seminal works of the endogenous growth theory, new economic geography, as well as empirical studies conducted in several countries. Our research focuses on the transport infrastructure in developing countries with an application to the case of Morocco. This thesis is divided in two parts. The first one highlights the role of transport infrastructure in the economy through a review of theoretical and empirical literature and the presentation of different econometric modeling approaches. Then, we study the case of Morocco by using econometric approach of vector error correction model to analyze the long-term dynamic relationships between GDP, public capital and the causality effects. Then, we demonstrate with an autoregressive model the impact of highway investments on GDP / capita and improving accessibility. The second part of our research focuses on the effects of transport infrastructure on the economic growth of 16 Moroccan regions, and the differences between these regions as a result of road and highway public capital allocation. We follow in our research Charlot (1999), Charlot and Schmitt (2002) on French regions, and Marquez, Ramajo and Hewings (2011) applied on Spanish provinces. After, we study the evolution of urban primacy in Morocco by focusing our analysis to the structural role of transport infrastructure. We use gravity models to explore spatial interactions between Moroccan regions. Finally, we are interested in the region of Tangier in Morocco. We study the case of the Tangier-Med port as transport infrastructure. We analyze the impacts of this port on the economic dynamics of this region and the location of productive activities
Boudabbous, Semi. "Dimensions culturelles et techniques de management : le cas d'un société de transport en Tunisie." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010036.
Full textThroughout this research, our concern was to examine the possible use of western management techniques in the case of tunisian firms. Our study consists of two parts. During the first part, by refering to the theory of comparative management, we have evoked universalist and counter-universalist arguments to conclude that even though managerial processes do not differ from one country to another, managerial practices are not all the same and cultural particularities assert their authority. Takin this into consideration, we have proceded to building of tunisia's cultural model. Nevertheless, we have been interested in cultural variables which may influence management techniques. In such conditions can the application of those techniques to tunisian firms be efficient? to manage this aim, we have lead a survey with questionnaire, destined for the executives of a national transport business. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of management styles and to tunisian firms. We have tried to bring to the fore the difficulties that may confront a firm in the execution of its managerial duties
Kombo, Edmond Espérance. "Le Développement des infrastructures de transport, processus de reconquête et de réaménagement de l'espace." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375948545.
Full textDeymier, Ghislaine Crozet Yves. "Capitalisation immobilière des gains d'accessibilité étude de cas sur l'agglomération lyonnaise /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/deymier_g.
Full textMermet, Eric. "Aide à l'exploration des propriétés structurelles d'un réseau de transport : conception d'un modèle pour l'analyse, la visualisation et l'exploration d'un réseau de transport." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1037.
Full textA transportation network is a complex spatial system characterized by four dimension types : geometric, topological, metric and relational. Thanks to these dimensions, it is possible to perform analysis situated in between the descriptive analysis of components from databases and functional analysis based on anthropogenic parameters. This analysis called structural helps to emphasize some properties of the network without usage context. It is established on the construction and analysis of indicators based on the relationship generated by the network: the relational indicators. They highlight their relational possibilities ; ie how their structure and spatial organization and topology of their components predispose to connect places in space in more or less easy way. Our work consists of designing a model for analysis and exploration of the structural properties of a transportation network. This type of analysis leads to a combinatorial complexity related to the number of relationships within the network, algorithmic complexity related to the calculation of indicators and visual complexity related to the difficulty to emphasize information. The proposed model aims to supply the user with the exploratory analysis of structural properties of the network by creating exploratory maps. Our model is composed of two parts. The first one allows to prepare static maps of exploration. The second one enables the visual combination of maps based on a graphic language. Both aspects of the model were developed in a prototype software called GeoGraphLab
Danau, Daniel. "The role of market uncertainty in infrastructure projects : a theoretical analysis." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/danau_d.
Full textLa thèse traite des principales problématiques économiques liées aux décisions de financement des infrastructures de transport. Tout d'abord, nous montrons que l'option d’investissement intègre à l'optimum une autre option, celle d'une exploitation variable du service, élement souvent absent dans la littérature relative à la valeur réelle d'options. Sur cette base, nous trouvons que la valeur économique de l'attente peut être diminuée par rapport au modèle standard, et peut être d'autant plus dans la situation où la demande est plus inélastique. Ensuite, nous montrons que dans un marché où la demande est aléatoire, l'efficacité d'un partenarial public privé est établie si le partenaire public contrôle la structure du capital privé. Nous trouvons que le levier financier de la firme doit être suffisamment faible, spécialement quand des problèmes de hasard moral existent dans l'activité. Finalement, nous montrons que les participants dans une enchère pour un contract de franchise de monopole augmentent leur participation quand ils attendent une renégociation. Ainsi, les participations augmentent avec l'incertitude de la demande, ce qui a in fine un effet négatif sur l'efficacité sociale. Notre résultat montre que le mécanisme standard d'enchère doit être amélioré, afin d'augmenter l'efficacité des partenariats public privés
Pham, Phi Long. "La Réforme de l'Etat et des entreprises au Vietnam : le cas des infrastructures de transport." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355934.
Full textLe terrain retenu pour nos analyses est celui de la réalisation des infrastructures de transport. Nos analyses révèlent l'incomplétude des règles et des mécanismes de coordination. Elles montrent aussi un manque de coopération et de coordination entre les acteurs-organisations et entre les individus-salariés des entreprises d'état de travaux publics du Vietnam. Dans ce contexte, nous mettons l'accent sur les facteurs organisationnels dans la réforme des administrations de l'Etat et des entreprises au d'état au Vietnam.
Lanneaux, Marie-Agnès. "Grandes infrastructures de transport et territoire : valorisation et dynamique du territoire traversé par l'Autoroute A39." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA1019.
Full textAbdelkrim, Malek. "Analyse par le calcul des structures du comportement cyclique à long terme des infrastructures de transport." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000644.
Full textAlquié, Philippe. "Infrastructures de transport et concurrence : analyse des enjeux liés à la libéralisation des transports en Europe." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010287.
Full textTropeano, Jean-Philippe. "Espace, concurrence et information : le rôle des coûts de transport." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010036.
Full textChapelon, Laurent. "Offre de transport et aménagement du territoire : évaluation spatio-temporelle des projets de modification de l'offre par modélisation multi-échelles des systèmes de transport." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR1802.
Full textThe aim of our research is to develop transport-facility planning software. Three different features defined passenger transport. The first one is the use of several modes of transport from the departture point to the destination. The second one is a reduction of travelling times and costs in inter-city transport. The third one is the increasing importance of connection phenomena between several transport networks. A multiscale modelizing process has been devised within the nod application program to study the spatial impact of a transport planning project. This process enables to do two things. On the one hand, such a process makes it possible to determine the existing interaction between local, departmental, regional, national and international levels of organization. On the other hand, it offers a thorough description of the full range of travelling means including final distances and inter-modal connections. The study of the connection phenomena in transport networks is essential to understand the impact of nodes on the urban and inter-urban transport links. Our accessibility calculation will consider the whole transport chain including transit and transport delays that occur inside the nodes. In fact nod new algorithm is able to simultaneously take account of public transport timetables and road travel durations for the minimum transport duration and path calculation
SANCHEZ, FLORES OSCAR LUIS. "Planification et impact des infrastructures de transport routier : theorie et applications selon une approche de modelisation discretisee." Cergy-Pontoise, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CERG0106.
Full textde, Frias Lopez Ricardo. "Granular Materials for Transport Infrastructures : Mechanical performance of coarse–fine mixtures for unbound layers through DEM analysis." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195598.
Full textGrus i form av krossat bergmaterial används i stor utsträckning som obundna bär- och förstärkningslager inom tranportinfrastrukturen och spelar där en viktig roll för verkningsätt, drift och underhåll. Det finns emellertid begränsad kunskap om de fundamentala mekanismerna på partikelnivå (d.v.s. enskilda gruskorn), mekanismer som styr det makromekaniska verkningssättet. Områden såsom väg- och järnvägsbyggnad bygger fortfarande väsentligen på empiriskta baserade modeller p.g.a. dessa materials komplexa uppträdande under belastning. Denna komplexitet beror delvis på den diskreta naturen hos problemet vilket innebär att traditionell matematisk modellering som vore materialen homogena och kontinuerliga, blir inadekvat. Mot denna bakgrund utgör den s.k. diskreta elementmetoden (DEM) ett numeriskt alternativ för att studera verkningssätt hos diskreta system där man explicit beaktar mekanismerna på partikelnivå. Denna avhandling, som baseras på tre vetenskapliga bidrag, syftar till att ge mikromekaniska insikter vad gäller effekten av olika partikelstorlekar på bärförmågan hos grusmateral och dess inverkan på styvhet och motstånd mot permanenta deformationer. Båda dessa parametrar påverkas kraftigt av spänningsnivån och kan studeras genom triaxialförsök. För att undersöka detta studerades med hjälp av DEM binära blandningar av elastiska kulor – den enklaste modellen av grusmaterial med språng i fördelningskurvan – som utsattes för axialsymmetrisk belastning. Denna modell kan i sin tur ses som en förenkling av mer komplexa blandningar. Inledningsvis studerades effekten av finpartikelinnehållet på partikelkontakternas kraftöverföring. Resultaten användes för att klassificera olika typer av skelettstrukturer i grusmaterialet där den finare och den grövre fraktionens roller kvantifierades med utgångspunkt från kraftöverföringen i stället för från det makromekaniska verkningssättet. Resultaten visade en korrelation vad gäller verkningssättet mellan numeriska blandningar och grusmaterial, där de numeriska blandningarna kunde reproducera några av grusmaterials viktigaste kännetecken vad gäller spänningsberoendet för styvheten vid avlastning och motståndet mot permanent deformation. Vidare visades att styvheten kunde bestämmas ur första belastningscykeln vilket underlättar att övervinna de begränsningar avseende beräkningstid som annars förknippas med DEM. God överensstämmelse mellan grusmaterialets skelettstruktur och verkningssätt kunde också observeras. Generellt observerades högre styvhet och mindre permanenta deformationer för interaktiva skelettstrukturer medan det motsatta gällde för instabila strukturer. Numeriska blandningar av elastiska kulor är långt från verkliga grusmaterial, för vilka ett stort antal ytterligare faktorer måste beaktas. Icke desto mindre är det författarens övertygelse att detta arbete ger insikter i grusmaterialets skelettstruktur och dess effekter på det makromekaniska verkningssättet hos grusmaterial.
QC 20161116
Tardieu, Léa. "Integrating ecosystem services in the evaluation of transport infrastructure projects." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0024.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to broaden the assessment process of terrestrial transport infrastructure into the field of Ecosystem Services (ES), i.e., the benefits people derive from ecosystems. Taking into account ES in an ex-ante assessment of public infrastructure projects can be of critical importance for the improvement of transportation decision-making tools, such as environmental impact assessment and cost-benefit analysis. To achieve this, we first review the major challenges to integrate the ES approach into transport infrastructure decisions. This inclusion is only possible if changes in ES, involved by the project, are explained in a spatially explicit way. We illustrate this point, in a first step, by assessing the loss of a global climate regulation service due to the soil sealing caused by a infrastructure construction, using the example of a high-speed rail in Western France.We further deepen the issue of combining direct loss of ES with indirect loss due to impacts of the infrastructure on landscape connectivity. For both direct and indirect effects we also integrate potential threshold effects on ES loss. We compare implementation options, for the same case of infrastructure project, to provide an example of how choices can be improved by mapping ES loss associated with a combination of direct and indirect impacts. Finally, we provide a test of the usefulness of the ES consideration into environmental impact assessment and cost benefit analysis in order to assess the additional information it may bring. Attention is paid to the applicable character of methods to the real legal framework within which they must be conduced. We show that this type of analysis can enlighten and provide guidance at different stages of transport project: from preliminary studies to the study of the final implementation option. For environmental impact assessment, the integration of an ES based approach opens the possibility of measuring a loss in ES supply (and its economic value) providing a means of selecting among different route option for the infrastructure. For cost-benefit analysis, since the ES loss induced by the selected route option is expressed in monetary terms, it can be integrated as a standard social cost in the analysis, permitting a more efficient control of natural capital loss. More specifically, this type of analysis can help designing appropriate environmental measures by expanding the types of impacts assessed, and provide a quantitative assessment of the cost related to the final chosen option. Then, it may help project stakeholders to apprehend the effects on a broader (ecosystem) scale instead of staying confined into project boundaries and regulatory check-lists
Kouka, Abdelkerim. "Le contrat de transport maritime de marchandises en France et en Tunisie : théories et pratiques." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020069/document.
Full textIn international transportation of the goods by sea, the contract of transport of goods is the act concluded between the charger and the carrier. But, conjunctively, it does not include only these operators. The beneficiary is contracting party of right because he is, in fact, the beneficiary of the contract of transport. From certain moment, it is him who is the commander of the goods and who commands (orders) the execution of the contract. In case of damage, he has to ask for reparation to the carrier. However, to avoid any eventual condemnation, the author of the damage can, to exempt, appeal to one of the excepted perils. But, these cases remain widely debatable both at the level of their number and their consistence. The solution is of reducing at most the number because the briefer is the list of the excepted perils, the more the responsibility is in full objectivism. This solution can be made effective by the adoption of a system of responsibility retaining only the gravest causes of exemption only, which cannot be imputed to the shipping company and which make logically it a rule to know the coincidence and the major forces, the state of the goods, the fact of the charger and\or the addresser and the fact of someone else (third party). However, to be able to ask for repair of damage it is necessary at first to avoid it is enough for the plaintiff (applicant) to prove the production of the damage and the moment of its emergence. What means that he just has only to prove the damage and that this damage occurred when the goods were under the guarding (nurse) of the carrier between the moment of their apprehension and that of their delivery, in destination, in his (her) legal successor such as described in the document of transport. In summary, he has to prove the reality and the importance of the damage undergone because of the way the shipping company settled its contractual duty, in the first one to satisfy its obligation (bond) fundamental and essential to supply a ship with seaworthiness and to maintain this state until the promised result (profit) is reached (affected). If the promised result (profit) is not reached (affected), he (it) lives, in case of damage, responsible. The seaworthiness is the primary condition for a ship. It would be in the ship that the thought belongs to the man. We could support that a person with disrupted mental capacities or working badly is a subject of risks that can be affected by some dysfunction and can even lose the cap. This person will be, certainly; originally at the origin of several disputes and affairs before courts. In the same way, for a ship, the seaworthiness of which is compromised
Petitjean, Nadège. "L'impact socio-économique des chantiers de grandes infrastructures de transport : deux études de cas : l'autoroute A39 : l'autoroute A77." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1006.
Full textPetit, Ghislaine. "Le transport aérien intérieur, élément de développement régional : comparaisons internationales." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D310.
Full textTRANSPORT IS A WHOLE PART OF ECONOMY THOROUGHLY LIMBED WITH REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT. THE NATURE OF THIS RELATION, EITHER GENERATING OR BEING A RESULT, REMAINS A HIGH SUBJECT OF DISCUSSION. ITS SPECIFICITY MAKES OF AIR TRANSPORT AN INSTRUMENT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY. IT SEEMS TO BE ESSENTIAL TO MEASURE THE CONTRIBUTION OF THIS ACTIVITY TO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT COST OF INVESTMENTS AND THE DIFFICULTIES IN OPERATING AIR ROUTES. THE POLITICAL REQUEST PRECEEDS FOR SEVERAL YEARS THE TIME WHEN THE LEVEL ACHIEVED BY THE PRIVATE REQUEST ENABLES THE INDEPENDANT OPERATING OF SOME AIR ROUTES. AN ENDEAVOUR TO ESTIMATE THIS CONTRIBUTION CAN BE FACILITATE BY A COMPARED ANALYSIS OF AIR TRANSPORT within THREE COUNTRIES : U S A, UNITED KINGDOM AND FRANCE. IT MUST BE OUTLINED THAT INSTEAC OF IMPORTANT DIFFERENCIES (POLITICAL, FINANCIAL, ADMINISTRATIVE) THE MORE SIGNIFICANT COMMON POINT IS THE RIGID ADMINISTRATIVE YOKE AND THE ABSENCE OF FINANCIAL AUTONOMY FOR THE WHOLE AERONAUTIC DEPARTMENT, LIBERALIZATION IS COMING VERY SLOWLY AND IS ACTUALLY IN FORCE IN THE U. S. A. WHEN PROFITS ARE ON THE WAY, FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS ARE SOMETIMES DECREASING AND THE SYSTEM BECOMES TO BE BASED ON COMPETITION. WE CAN BELIEVE THAT. .
Calvié, Philippe. "Le poids lourd en Côte d'Ivoire : l'appropriation d'une technologie importée." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO22017.
Full textThe adaptation of trucks to their environment raises important questions of the automotive industry of the northern countries as well as for the transport systems of the southern countries : the technological norm focussed on developed countries progresses quickly. This research aims mainly at analysing the trucks environment in sub-saharan country : ivory coast. In spite of significant road investments, it's a priori impossible to be sure that all vehicles will be used only on roads in good conditions. The utilisation of trucks can be defined as the resultant of the overall functioning of the transport system and the management pratices of the trucking sector. Trucks are over- and under-used. The maintenance and repair system plays an essentiel part : its meets an important demand and adapts itself to the technological evolution of the vehicles. The characteristics of heavy vehicles distributed by european firms reflect the change in the vehicle range of the country of origin. Taking into account the evolution of vehicles, the condition of an integrated development of environment of trucks and the consequences of a possible technological drift are analysed
Bouteldja, Mohamed. "Modélisation des interactions dynamiques poids lourds / infrastructures pour la sécurité et les alertes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0043.
Full textMohamed, Chanfi Mbae. "Géographie des transports aux Comores." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082086.
Full textBen, Abdallah Khaled. "Le transport routier énergiquement durable : état des lieux, modélisation et aide à la décision publique en Tunisie." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0371/document.
Full textAs global concern about climate increases, road transport energy consumption, given its impact on the environment and its socio-economic role, must evolve to sustainability logic. First, the present work provides an international comparison of the energy intensity and the CO2 intensity in road transport for a group of 90 countries oer the period 1980-2010. Through the calculated Theil coefficient, our empirical findings highlight the existence of spatial and temporal disparities between coustries. In 2010, Tunisia occupies the 48th and the 38th rank respectively in terms of energy and environmental efficiency.Based on a general index of energy performance in the road transport sector, it is deemed to have a medium energy performance by occupying the 34th rank. Secondly, through the adoption of conceptual modeling approach, several indicators for sustainable energy development in road transport sector are constructed. To measure the real transport value added, we used filter Kalman approach. We denote that the informal transport value added is about 61% during the period 1980-2010.Finally, this thesis studies causal mechanisms between indicators for sustainable energy development related to energy consumption from Tunisian road transport sector. The investigation is made using the Johansen cointegration technique and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) approach. It examines the nexus between real transport value added , road transport-related energy consumption, road infrastructure, fuel price, rate of motorization and CO2 emissions from Tunisian transport sector during the same period. Empirical results support the hypothesis of neutrality between energy and income for Tunisian road transport sector, and the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped EKC for transport CO2 emissions. Also, there is a unidirectional Granger causality running from fuel price to road transport-related energy consumption with no feedback in the short run. In this sense, using price decomposition technique, we refute asymmetric fuel price effect hypothesis. By the introducing of the technological factor, the rebound effect is about 18% in the short run and 51% in the long run. The study shows the importance if enhancing a number of policies for the road transport system through the joint improvement of the fuel price policy, of the road infrastructure policy and of the road vehicles policy. The optimal combination of fiscal, economic and regulatory instruments is the main strategy to achieve these objectives. The energetic governance is necessary in order to maintain sustainable energy road transport
Quinquis, Michel. "Relations entre bassins versants et cellules sédimentaires littorales : les exemples du Maroc, de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0330/document.
Full textIn this study conducted on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia at an extended spatial and temporal scale (2200 km of coastline and about 100 years), we determine, using a "source-to- sink ", the existing relationships between erosion produced in watersheds and sediment transported in suspension by wadis, with the redistribution of these sediments along the shoreline. We propose a new empirical model of suspended sediment transport along the watersheds of our study site. We then determine the impact of dams on the sediments, and then quantitatively estimate the sedimentary contributions to the sea. We analyze the morphological characteristics of the littoral according to its geometry and the morphodynamic indices from the literature . After mapping the position of the coastline at different periods, the kinematics of the shoreline is determined, as well as the shoreline drift. These analyzes are based on the concept of a littoral cell. We conclude with a general synthesis before drawing the main conclusions on the relations between watersheds and coastal cells, such as (1) the role of precursor and sediment buffer played by deltas to limit the erosion of beaches in the sector (3) the links between sediment inputs from pre-barrage wadis, minus the volume of sediment moved by the coastal drift, with the size of the deltas and the number of coastal bars
Bento, Nuno. "La transition vers une économie de l'hydrogène : infrastructures et changement technique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463857.
Full textGrâce, Gwenaëlle. "Les infrastructures logistiques et le développement économique territorial : le cas de la Bretagne." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G002.
Full textLogistics, a subject long not fully studied by economic science, becomes a legitimate subject owing to the imperfection of competition. Logistics today is a core part of the internal organization within enterprises. In a context of globalization and the increasing complexity of supply chains is a factor of cost and non cost competitivity. The quality of the logistics infrastructure of a region has become an important factor in attracting new business development. Logistics contributes to the research of mastering available information and reducing uncertainties. Logistics is now more and more in part an outsourced activity, particularly transport and warehousing. The choice of outsourcing, all or in part, of the logistics process calls upon the theory of transaction costs. The demands upon logistics are more and more exacting. Thus, providers must continue to adapt their offer to match their client's needs. Service providers search for profitable markets. From a geographic point of view, this translates by implantations in areas which generate supply chains and can offer outsourced logistics services like those sites located on transport lines starting from Marseille, Lyon, Paris and Lille, which is not the case for Brittany. We have studied most particularly the retail distribution, automobile and agro-business sectors: Brittany must guide its activities via partnerships with logistics companies and local and regional governments so that logistics needs are met in the most efficient manner to protect an dynamic and attractive economic environment
Paterna, Hidalgo Angel. "Gestion patrimoniale des infrastructures de la ratp : développement d'un processus d'aide à la décision pour optimiser la stratégie de maintenance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1200/document.
Full textThe RATP is the operator and asset manager of the public railway transport of Paris and the next suburbs. Nowadays, with more than 10 million trips per day, this transport network is one of the most crowded in the world. In this context of high service requirements, the RATP asset managers must assure the structural integrity, the quality of service and the sustainability of an aging and heterogeneous asset. However, available budgets are, by nature, limited and, in this context, two tasks become essential: to justify budget requirements and to optimize the programming of maintenance actions. The current asset strategy is based on visual inspections to detect degradation symptoms that concern the structural integrity of the structure. Depending on these results, managers must select and prioritize the maintenance actions taking into account the constraints involved in asset management. This decision-making process is based on the expert knowledge and is not formalized. In this context, the purpose of this thesis is to develop a multicritera decision support tool which reduces the inherent variability degree of visual inspections and the lack of transparency in the decision-making process. In order to provide RATP's managers a decision support tool, this research is based on the next stages :- The development of a functional model of degradation mechanisms by the application of the operational safety methods. The Functional Analyse (FA), the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and the casual graphs are applied to know how infrastructures function, degrade and interact with the environment.- The construction of a decision support tool based on multicriteria methods. The first stage is the construction of a lot of criteria formalizing the technical, economic and social aspects involved in the RATP's asset management (rule based assignment model). The second stage is the application of ELECTRE methods to develop a multicriteria decision support tool which optimizes the management of the RATP's asset. This tool is tested on the line 4 of the Paris metro in order to study development prospects. The main prospect is the operational development of this tool in the context of the management of the RATP's asset
Voyer, Erika. "Expérimentation de méthodes de mitigation de la dégradation du pergélisol sur les infrastructures de transport du Nunavik, Nord du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26000/26000.pdf.
Full textMalenfant, Lepage Julie. "Experimentation of mitigation techniques to reduce the effects of permafrost degradation on transportation infrastructures at Beaver Creek experimental road site, Alaska Highway, Yukon." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27236.
Full textRoad design and construction techniques developed in southern Canada definitely need to be adapted to northern environment to prevent dramatic permafrost thawing after new road construction. Furthermore, climate warming causes now important soil stability problems in the Canadian far north. All these factors lead to a loss of the functional and structural capacities of the Alaska Highway over a 200-km section mainly from Destruction Bay to the Alaska border. To find long term and cost-effective solutions, Yukon Highways and Public Works (in collaboration with the Alaska University Transportation Center, Transport Canada, le U.S. Federal Highways Administration, l’Université de Montréal and l’Université Laval) constructed 12 instrumented sections on the Alaska Highway near Beaver Creek (Yukon) in 2008. These sections experiment one or several combined methods of thermal stabilization such as convection air embankment, heat drains, snow/sun shed, grass-covered embankment, longitudinal culverts, reflecting surfaces and snow clearing on embankment slopes. The main objectives of this project are 1) to analyze the ground thermal regime and the heat fluxes for each of the 12 sections during their first three years in service; 2) to document all factors which can facilitate or disrupt the efficiency of the protection systems and; 3) to determine the long term costs / benefits ratio for every technique tested. In order to do this, a new method based on the calculation of heat extraction Hx and heat induction Hi index at the interface between the embankment and the natural ground has been used in this study. The permafrost mitigation techniques that showed good potential for cooling by reducing active layer thicknesses were the ACE uncovered, the longitudinal culverts, the snow/sun shed and the light-coloured aggregate BST (although this was only effective along the central part of the highway). Unfortunately, problems in the installation of the heat drain techniques prevented a full assessment of their effectiveness. The durability of the sections as well as their long-term cooling potential must also be assessed to complete the economic analysis provided in this study.
Lafourcade, Miren. "L'impact des infrastructures de transport sur la localisation des activités et la croissance locale : vers les fondements économiques d'une politique des investissements publics." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010066.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the link between the development of new transportation infrastructures, the location of economic activities and its consequences on local growth. Public transportation facilities are indeed one of the favorite tool for regional development policies. Nevertheless, new transportation networks development may induce some contradictory effects. More generally, a fall in trading costs may magnify the influence of initial disparities in favour of regions which have historical comparative advantages before the development of new inter-regional infrastructures. Thus, when transportation costs are high, the dispersion of productive facilities results in a trade-off between fixed costs of production and transportation costs. Large decreases induced by the fall in freight charges lead to more intense competition so that firms look to re-establish their margins by adopting product differentiation strategies. The more the products are differentiated, the less firms fear their competitor's proximity. Thus, they are liable to exploit the advantages linked to their own geography proximity. Nevertheless, the combination of strategic interactions, regional disparities (population, income) and specific non-convexities in certain production sectors may lead to core-periphery ; structures disappearance, as a large decrease in transportation costs may lead to more egalitarian regional configurations
Blanquart, Corinne. "Infrastructures de transport et développement : L'apport de l'économie des réseaux : une analyse comparative des littoraux du Nord-Pas-de-Calais et du Kent." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-221.pdf.
Full textThe analysis of the link between transport infrastructure - space and developement calls for taking into account several types of space: + banal; space and economic space. The relation between transport-space and development limits itself to the couple infrastructure - development when space is only considered as a trasport cost, as in the effect analysis. To build a space representation which can't be reduced to the costs, we need to consider the development as an actors' process. Without being based on territorialised production logics, we will adopt a production representation based on the activities coordination, so that transport activity, supported by infrastructures, could be taken into account. The network, defined as an interactive process of resource mobilisation, is a particular type of coordination, which makes it possible to improve coordination. To make the link with spatial issues, we consider the territory as a particular form of network. Infrastructures support but don't determine the circulation, which caracterizes the networking interactions. They are only the support of an organisational mode of coordination based on circulation. We make the assumption that there are several types of network, with different modes of coordination, and specific transport use. Thanks to a survey of kent and nord-pas de calais enterprises, we draw up a typology of networking organisations. The nature of the network will depend on the type of demand and will find expression in the variety of exchanged resources and the importance of either the organisation of resource flows or their transport
Kombo, Edmond Espérance. "Le développement des infrastructures de transport, processus de reconquête de l'espace : le cas du Congo, essai sur les inégalités socio-spatiales." Rennes 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985REN20011.
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