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Academic literature on the topic 'Ingénierie tissulaire – Dissertations universitaires'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ingénierie tissulaire – Dissertations universitaires"
Gérard, Catherine. "Intérêt des hydrogels polysaccharidiques en ingénierie du cartilage." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11313.
Full textOur thesis work aims to promote a good repair process for a focal chondral lesion. This workpackage associates three main axis : the cell component (the chondrocyte), the biomaterial (extracellular matrix) and the biomechanical constraint (mechanotransduction). Each actor plays a main role in the repair process, at least individually, but mostly in synergy. To this end, various techniques have been developed in order to optimize the biomaterial, to stimulate cells, and fmally to characterize the repair tissue. Three-dimensional chondrocyte culture in alginate plus hyaluronate have thus been developed, to underline the favorable influence of cyclic mechanical constraints. Extracellular matrix component synthesis has been assessed with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Secondly, a molecular characterization of encapsulated chondrocytes has been performed by using qPCR in hyaline cartilage versus fibrocartilage. Both lineages did not express the same level of cartilage-dedicated genes, either in basal conditions or after mechanical stimulation or transfection (TGF, BMP). Finally, in vivo implantation in the rat knee during a dedicated calibrated lesion in the patella suggest the favorable influence of a good collaboration between encapsulated chondrocytes and extracellular matrix to promote a good cartilage repair and a good biointegration in a biomechanical-constraint zone
Josse, Jérôme. "Impact de l'infection à Staphylococcus aureus sur le microenvironnement osseux." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMP204/document.
Full textStaphylococcus aureus-related bone and joint infections are common diseases whose consequences can range from simple cell damage to delayed bone repair or excessive inflammatory response. To study this phenomenon, we have developed two models of in vitro infection with Staphylococcus aureus and primary bone-forming cells derived from human surgical explants. These cells have been previously cultured in a standard medium or osteogenic medium to obtain two populations at different stages of maturation. The study of Staphylococcus aureus internalization, cell death and production of inflammatory mediators in these 2 populations allowed us to establish whether the impact of Staphylococcus aureus varied depending on cell maturation. We also studied the impact of Staphylococcus aureus on mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord. In case of bone regeneration in infected site, mesenchymal stem cells may have to interact with Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, we characterized the ability of these cells to internalize Staphylococcus aureus, to survive against the infection and to produce inflammatory mediators in our in vitro model of acute infection. This project allowed us to validate our in vitro infection models and to characterize the impact of Staphylococcus aureus on different cells in the bone microenvironment, providing new approaches for the development of antibacterial strategies and bone tissue engineering
Hattar, Susan. "Concept de surfaces biomimétiques pour stimuler in vitro l'ostéogenèse." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA07A001.
Full textKökten, Tunay. "L'innervation en ingénierie dentaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ073/document.
Full textOur biomimetic approach allowed the regeneration of a whole tooth. Using embryonic dental cells, a two-steps protocol allowed crown formation in vitro and, after implantation, functional cells differentiation, initiation of root formation and tooth vascularization. However, the teeth were not innervated, which led to complementary experiments:- The co-implantation of cell re-associations with a trigeminal ganglion allowed axonal growth around the forming teeth, but not in the dental mesenchyme. - To try to solve this point, axonal regeneration was tested in immunodepressed conditions, using cyclosporin A (CsA). In these conditions, nerve fibers entered the dental pulp and reached odontoblasts. However, CsA shows multiple effects, including direct ones on nerve growth. - Co-implantations were performed in immunocompromised Nude mice allowed axons to reach the odontoblast layer, thus showing that immunomodulation is sufficient.- Axons in the dental mesenchyme interfere with several functions by interacting with neighbor cells. Relationships between axons and other cells (odontoblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes and glial cells) were analyzed in the peridental and dental mesenchymes of implanted reassociations and compared to the physiological situation in developing molars at similar stage. This work describes conditions allowing the innervation of engineered teeth. Preliminary encouraging attempts have been made to replace CsA by using stem cells
Offner, Damien. "Régénération des lésions osseuses maxillo-faciales : épidémiologie, stratégies innovantes au service des patients, qualité et réflexions éthiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ094/document.
Full textCurrent treatments of maxillofacial bone defects have now been proven. Only the autogenous graft presents the ideal properties but shows complications: chronic pain, infection... Some bone filling techniques that are currently available do not allow the formation of blood vessels, guaranteeing the sustainability of the regenerated tissue for large lesions. It is then necessary to develop implants in that way, and to find ways to fight effectively the risk of infection. This work presents the results of research conducted on the fabrication of nanofibrous implants mimicking the ECM of bone tissue, with a porosity that is favorable to a vascular formation. These implants can be functionalized with growth factors / cells. Ethical considerations are provided on the development of these advances, but also on their applications to ensure that these developments constitute a real progress in the interest of patients. Moreover, this work shows that it is possible to improve the safety of care in the treatment of maxillofacial bone defects, with the development of equipment in the field of hygiene and the establishment of procedures to assess their effectiveness
Wagner, Quentin. "Optimisation de dispositifs médicaux thérapeutiques implantables pour l'ingénierie tissulaire osseuse et cartilagineuse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ114/document.
Full textOur team optimized the formulation of implantable medical devices for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. To that end, we based our work on nanostructured implants, either natural or synthetic, made in the laboratory by electrospinning process, to mimic bone extracellular matrix, and hydrogel of alginate/hyaluronic acid to mimic cartilage extracellular matrix. First, concerning bone regeneration, we optimized the formulation of a nanostructured scaffold composed of natural chitosan to enhance bone regeneration. This was made possible by doping this implantable medical device with silica nanoparticles, offering this nanocomposite better mechanical properties, and excellent biocompatibility with host tissue. Another study with the same aim allowed elaborating a new cell seeding strategy, to seed these implantable medical devices with cell microtissues instead of single cells, offering higher mineralisation efficiencies within the implant. Consequently, for the regeneration of the osteochondral unit, we proposed two compartmented and hybrid implants comprising mesenchymal stem cells microtissues. Those implants are made of a hydrogel containing the stem cells, allowing the regeneration of cartilage, and a membrane, either natural (collagenic Bio-Gide®) or synthetic (electrospun polycaprolactone) equipped with nanoreservoirs (technology patented by the laboratory) of osteogenic growth factor (BMP-7) for the regeneration of osseous stand (the subchondral bone) of the bone-cartilage unit. Finally, to study the improvement in vascular recruitment, we proposed a new strategy combining the modification of an implantable device with angiogenic growth factor (VEGF), prior to its sequential seeding with mesenchymal cells “human osteoblasts” and human endothelial cells (HUVECs). This strategy allowed higher recruitment and structuration of endothelial cells within the implant. To conclude, the implant optimisation strategies developed in the laboratory will certainly allow proposing in the near future new combined Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) and Implantable Medical Device for bone and cartilage regeneration, in particular in the field of osteoarticular regenerative nanomedicine
Bécavin, Thibault. "Développement d'implants actifs et nanostructurés à des fins de régénération dentaire." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S070/document.
Full textIn the last decade, regenerative nanomedicine emerged from tissue engineeringby combining stem cells and growth factors. The aim of this work was to use thebone and dental pulp tissue engineering technics to improve or create new living andactive implants. Tissue engineering aims to replace or repair damaged tissues withbioactive implants mimicking natural tissue. Thus, it is necessary to develop in a firstplace, new biocompatible materials. These materials should be well accepted by theorganism and capable to interact with the cells present in the implantation site to helpthe implant integration. In this study, Electrospinning was used to create nanofibrousmembrane which size and organization are comparable to the extracellular matrix.These membranes were functionalized and associated with first molar embryologicalgerms to promote their development. After a literature review about tissue engineeringin dental surgery, two research thematics will be developed. The first thematic isto regenerate the bone/tooth unit and the second is to innervate the tooth
Shafy, Abdel. "Nouveaux traitements de l'insuffisance cardiaque : de la pharmacologie aux cellules souches et à l'ingénierie tissulaire." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T084.
Full textDan, Pan. "Nouvelles approches en ingénierie vasculaire basées sur un scaffold fonctionnalisé, une matrice extracellulaire naturelle et une cellularisation intraluminale : de la caractérisation à la validation chez l’animal." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0304/document.
Full textPalomino, Durand Carla. "Hydrogels injectables et éponges à base de complexe polyélectrolytes (chitosane/polymère de cyclodextrine) pour une application en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S006/document.
Full textRepair of bone defects by bone tissue engineering (BTE) methods is considered as an alternative to conventional grafts. The aim of this PhD project was to develop two types of BTE scaffolds for bone regeneration: one is in the form of injectable hydrogel, and the other is in the form of sponge. Both scaffolds based on the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes by mixing chitosan (CHT, cationic) and polymer of cyclodextrin (PCD, anionic). Besides developing the sponge scaffold, the vascularization of 3D scaffold (a challenge of BTE) was specially investigated in the first part of the work, for which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG) was loaded on the CHT/PCDs sponge to promote the vascularization. The second part of the thesis was dedicated to the elaboration of an injectable CHT/PCD hydrogel, which was intended for minimally invasive surgery. The formulation optimization of hydrogel was performed by tuning the composition ratios of two PCD components: soluble-form PCD (PCDs) and insoluble-form PCD (PCDi), in order to better reach the specific requirement (e.g. rheological properties) of injectable hydrogel for regenerative medicine. Finally, a prospective study on developing the composite hydrogel/sponge by adding a mineral phase - hydroxyapatite (HAp) in the formulation was realized to improve the mechanical and osteoconductive properties.CHT/PCDs sponges were obtained by freeze-drying the hydrogels CHT/PCDs 3:3. The thermal treatment (TT) at different temperatures was further applied on the sponge to improve the mechanical stability. The CHT/PCDs sponge treated at 160°C was opted for further study thanks to high swelling capacity (~ 600%) and moderate lysozyme-induced biodegradation rate in vitro (~ 12% mass loss 21 days). This sponge of choice was further evaluated for the microstructure, the mechanical property (compressive strength) and the cytocompatibility with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results of X-ray microtomography showed a high porosity (~87%) in the sponge with interconnected pores. Good cell adhesion and in-growth (colonization) in the sponge were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After loading VEGF on the sponge, the release profile of VEGF and the bioactivity of released VEGF were thoroughly studied. It showed that the release of VEGF was rapid (burst) during the first two days, then slowed down up to non-detectable by ELISA method after 7 days. The released VEGF during the first two days showed a significant pro-proliferation and pro-migration effect on HUVECs.For the injectable CHT/PCDi/PCDs hydrogels, optimization of composition ratio was based on evaluating their rheological properties, injectability, and cytotoxicity. The beneficial effect of combining both PCDi and PCDs in the formula of the hydrogel was clearly observed on the properties of hydrogel. Namely, the CHT/PCD hydrogel, composed of equal quantity of PCDi and PCDs, demonstrated the best compromise between structural stability, shearthinning and self-healing properties, and injectability. An excellent cytocompatibility with preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) was also confirmed for the hydrogel with this composition.Based on the optimized formulation, HAp was incorporated at different concentrations, which didn’t disturb the formation or the structural stability of the hydrogels, but improved the viscoelastic properties. The composite sponges, elaborated by lyophilization of these hydrogels, showed that the HAp particles homogeneously dispersed within the macroporous structure of the sponge. These encouraging results showed the feasibility of providing an injectable hydrogel or a composite sponge for BTE scaffold [...]