Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ingénierie tissulaire – Dissertations universitaires'
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Gérard, Catherine. "Intérêt des hydrogels polysaccharidiques en ingénierie du cartilage." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11313.
Full textOur thesis work aims to promote a good repair process for a focal chondral lesion. This workpackage associates three main axis : the cell component (the chondrocyte), the biomaterial (extracellular matrix) and the biomechanical constraint (mechanotransduction). Each actor plays a main role in the repair process, at least individually, but mostly in synergy. To this end, various techniques have been developed in order to optimize the biomaterial, to stimulate cells, and fmally to characterize the repair tissue. Three-dimensional chondrocyte culture in alginate plus hyaluronate have thus been developed, to underline the favorable influence of cyclic mechanical constraints. Extracellular matrix component synthesis has been assessed with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Secondly, a molecular characterization of encapsulated chondrocytes has been performed by using qPCR in hyaline cartilage versus fibrocartilage. Both lineages did not express the same level of cartilage-dedicated genes, either in basal conditions or after mechanical stimulation or transfection (TGF, BMP). Finally, in vivo implantation in the rat knee during a dedicated calibrated lesion in the patella suggest the favorable influence of a good collaboration between encapsulated chondrocytes and extracellular matrix to promote a good cartilage repair and a good biointegration in a biomechanical-constraint zone
Josse, Jérôme. "Impact de l'infection à Staphylococcus aureus sur le microenvironnement osseux." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMP204/document.
Full textStaphylococcus aureus-related bone and joint infections are common diseases whose consequences can range from simple cell damage to delayed bone repair or excessive inflammatory response. To study this phenomenon, we have developed two models of in vitro infection with Staphylococcus aureus and primary bone-forming cells derived from human surgical explants. These cells have been previously cultured in a standard medium or osteogenic medium to obtain two populations at different stages of maturation. The study of Staphylococcus aureus internalization, cell death and production of inflammatory mediators in these 2 populations allowed us to establish whether the impact of Staphylococcus aureus varied depending on cell maturation. We also studied the impact of Staphylococcus aureus on mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord. In case of bone regeneration in infected site, mesenchymal stem cells may have to interact with Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, we characterized the ability of these cells to internalize Staphylococcus aureus, to survive against the infection and to produce inflammatory mediators in our in vitro model of acute infection. This project allowed us to validate our in vitro infection models and to characterize the impact of Staphylococcus aureus on different cells in the bone microenvironment, providing new approaches for the development of antibacterial strategies and bone tissue engineering
Hattar, Susan. "Concept de surfaces biomimétiques pour stimuler in vitro l'ostéogenèse." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA07A001.
Full textKökten, Tunay. "L'innervation en ingénierie dentaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ073/document.
Full textOur biomimetic approach allowed the regeneration of a whole tooth. Using embryonic dental cells, a two-steps protocol allowed crown formation in vitro and, after implantation, functional cells differentiation, initiation of root formation and tooth vascularization. However, the teeth were not innervated, which led to complementary experiments:- The co-implantation of cell re-associations with a trigeminal ganglion allowed axonal growth around the forming teeth, but not in the dental mesenchyme. - To try to solve this point, axonal regeneration was tested in immunodepressed conditions, using cyclosporin A (CsA). In these conditions, nerve fibers entered the dental pulp and reached odontoblasts. However, CsA shows multiple effects, including direct ones on nerve growth. - Co-implantations were performed in immunocompromised Nude mice allowed axons to reach the odontoblast layer, thus showing that immunomodulation is sufficient.- Axons in the dental mesenchyme interfere with several functions by interacting with neighbor cells. Relationships between axons and other cells (odontoblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes and glial cells) were analyzed in the peridental and dental mesenchymes of implanted reassociations and compared to the physiological situation in developing molars at similar stage. This work describes conditions allowing the innervation of engineered teeth. Preliminary encouraging attempts have been made to replace CsA by using stem cells
Offner, Damien. "Régénération des lésions osseuses maxillo-faciales : épidémiologie, stratégies innovantes au service des patients, qualité et réflexions éthiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ094/document.
Full textCurrent treatments of maxillofacial bone defects have now been proven. Only the autogenous graft presents the ideal properties but shows complications: chronic pain, infection... Some bone filling techniques that are currently available do not allow the formation of blood vessels, guaranteeing the sustainability of the regenerated tissue for large lesions. It is then necessary to develop implants in that way, and to find ways to fight effectively the risk of infection. This work presents the results of research conducted on the fabrication of nanofibrous implants mimicking the ECM of bone tissue, with a porosity that is favorable to a vascular formation. These implants can be functionalized with growth factors / cells. Ethical considerations are provided on the development of these advances, but also on their applications to ensure that these developments constitute a real progress in the interest of patients. Moreover, this work shows that it is possible to improve the safety of care in the treatment of maxillofacial bone defects, with the development of equipment in the field of hygiene and the establishment of procedures to assess their effectiveness
Wagner, Quentin. "Optimisation de dispositifs médicaux thérapeutiques implantables pour l'ingénierie tissulaire osseuse et cartilagineuse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ114/document.
Full textOur team optimized the formulation of implantable medical devices for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. To that end, we based our work on nanostructured implants, either natural or synthetic, made in the laboratory by electrospinning process, to mimic bone extracellular matrix, and hydrogel of alginate/hyaluronic acid to mimic cartilage extracellular matrix. First, concerning bone regeneration, we optimized the formulation of a nanostructured scaffold composed of natural chitosan to enhance bone regeneration. This was made possible by doping this implantable medical device with silica nanoparticles, offering this nanocomposite better mechanical properties, and excellent biocompatibility with host tissue. Another study with the same aim allowed elaborating a new cell seeding strategy, to seed these implantable medical devices with cell microtissues instead of single cells, offering higher mineralisation efficiencies within the implant. Consequently, for the regeneration of the osteochondral unit, we proposed two compartmented and hybrid implants comprising mesenchymal stem cells microtissues. Those implants are made of a hydrogel containing the stem cells, allowing the regeneration of cartilage, and a membrane, either natural (collagenic Bio-Gide®) or synthetic (electrospun polycaprolactone) equipped with nanoreservoirs (technology patented by the laboratory) of osteogenic growth factor (BMP-7) for the regeneration of osseous stand (the subchondral bone) of the bone-cartilage unit. Finally, to study the improvement in vascular recruitment, we proposed a new strategy combining the modification of an implantable device with angiogenic growth factor (VEGF), prior to its sequential seeding with mesenchymal cells “human osteoblasts” and human endothelial cells (HUVECs). This strategy allowed higher recruitment and structuration of endothelial cells within the implant. To conclude, the implant optimisation strategies developed in the laboratory will certainly allow proposing in the near future new combined Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) and Implantable Medical Device for bone and cartilage regeneration, in particular in the field of osteoarticular regenerative nanomedicine
Bécavin, Thibault. "Développement d'implants actifs et nanostructurés à des fins de régénération dentaire." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S070/document.
Full textIn the last decade, regenerative nanomedicine emerged from tissue engineeringby combining stem cells and growth factors. The aim of this work was to use thebone and dental pulp tissue engineering technics to improve or create new living andactive implants. Tissue engineering aims to replace or repair damaged tissues withbioactive implants mimicking natural tissue. Thus, it is necessary to develop in a firstplace, new biocompatible materials. These materials should be well accepted by theorganism and capable to interact with the cells present in the implantation site to helpthe implant integration. In this study, Electrospinning was used to create nanofibrousmembrane which size and organization are comparable to the extracellular matrix.These membranes were functionalized and associated with first molar embryologicalgerms to promote their development. After a literature review about tissue engineeringin dental surgery, two research thematics will be developed. The first thematic isto regenerate the bone/tooth unit and the second is to innervate the tooth
Shafy, Abdel. "Nouveaux traitements de l'insuffisance cardiaque : de la pharmacologie aux cellules souches et à l'ingénierie tissulaire." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T084.
Full textDan, Pan. "Nouvelles approches en ingénierie vasculaire basées sur un scaffold fonctionnalisé, une matrice extracellulaire naturelle et une cellularisation intraluminale : de la caractérisation à la validation chez l’animal." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0304/document.
Full textPalomino, Durand Carla. "Hydrogels injectables et éponges à base de complexe polyélectrolytes (chitosane/polymère de cyclodextrine) pour une application en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S006/document.
Full textRepair of bone defects by bone tissue engineering (BTE) methods is considered as an alternative to conventional grafts. The aim of this PhD project was to develop two types of BTE scaffolds for bone regeneration: one is in the form of injectable hydrogel, and the other is in the form of sponge. Both scaffolds based on the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes by mixing chitosan (CHT, cationic) and polymer of cyclodextrin (PCD, anionic). Besides developing the sponge scaffold, the vascularization of 3D scaffold (a challenge of BTE) was specially investigated in the first part of the work, for which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG) was loaded on the CHT/PCDs sponge to promote the vascularization. The second part of the thesis was dedicated to the elaboration of an injectable CHT/PCD hydrogel, which was intended for minimally invasive surgery. The formulation optimization of hydrogel was performed by tuning the composition ratios of two PCD components: soluble-form PCD (PCDs) and insoluble-form PCD (PCDi), in order to better reach the specific requirement (e.g. rheological properties) of injectable hydrogel for regenerative medicine. Finally, a prospective study on developing the composite hydrogel/sponge by adding a mineral phase - hydroxyapatite (HAp) in the formulation was realized to improve the mechanical and osteoconductive properties.CHT/PCDs sponges were obtained by freeze-drying the hydrogels CHT/PCDs 3:3. The thermal treatment (TT) at different temperatures was further applied on the sponge to improve the mechanical stability. The CHT/PCDs sponge treated at 160°C was opted for further study thanks to high swelling capacity (~ 600%) and moderate lysozyme-induced biodegradation rate in vitro (~ 12% mass loss 21 days). This sponge of choice was further evaluated for the microstructure, the mechanical property (compressive strength) and the cytocompatibility with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results of X-ray microtomography showed a high porosity (~87%) in the sponge with interconnected pores. Good cell adhesion and in-growth (colonization) in the sponge were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After loading VEGF on the sponge, the release profile of VEGF and the bioactivity of released VEGF were thoroughly studied. It showed that the release of VEGF was rapid (burst) during the first two days, then slowed down up to non-detectable by ELISA method after 7 days. The released VEGF during the first two days showed a significant pro-proliferation and pro-migration effect on HUVECs.For the injectable CHT/PCDi/PCDs hydrogels, optimization of composition ratio was based on evaluating their rheological properties, injectability, and cytotoxicity. The beneficial effect of combining both PCDi and PCDs in the formula of the hydrogel was clearly observed on the properties of hydrogel. Namely, the CHT/PCD hydrogel, composed of equal quantity of PCDi and PCDs, demonstrated the best compromise between structural stability, shearthinning and self-healing properties, and injectability. An excellent cytocompatibility with preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) was also confirmed for the hydrogel with this composition.Based on the optimized formulation, HAp was incorporated at different concentrations, which didn’t disturb the formation or the structural stability of the hydrogels, but improved the viscoelastic properties. The composite sponges, elaborated by lyophilization of these hydrogels, showed that the HAp particles homogeneously dispersed within the macroporous structure of the sponge. These encouraging results showed the feasibility of providing an injectable hydrogel or a composite sponge for BTE scaffold [...]
Vignaux, Olivier. "Imagerie tissulaire myocardique par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05CD05.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging of myocardical tissue. In patients with known or suspected cardiac desease, an "all-in-one" cardiac imaging modality should theoretically include morphological and functional analysis of the heart, but also information on myocardical tissue in order to detect its infiltration by abnormal tissues or substances and to study its perfusion and viability in ischemic disease. The specific magnetic properties with changes of relaxations times (and thereby increased or decreased signal intensities) induced by some tissues such as fatty infiltration, fibrosis, edema or inflammation allow a characterization of the myocardical tissue. Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging also offers the potential for a complete functional study of the myocardium including contractility as well as perfusion and viability using cotrasts agents (Gadolinium-DTPA). The aim of this work was to demonstrate the ability of MR imaging to non-invasively characterize myocardical tissue and to assess its function. MR capacities of imaging the myocardical tissue have been applied to myocardical ischemia and to some specific cardiomyopathies
Simon, Etienne. "Etude des possibilités d'extension tissulaire sous l'effet d'une traction uni-axiale et applications cliniques." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11311.
Full textMechiche, Houria Nadia. "Contribution à l'étude de l'expression de facteur tissulaire par les cellules présentatrices d'antigènes : identification d'une expression de facteur tissulaire par une sous population lymphocytaire B et au cours de syndromes lymphoprolifératifs." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMM208.
Full textIdentification of tissue factor expression by subpopulation of B lymphocytes and during lymphoproliferative disorders. Tissue factor is cytokine type II receptor expressed by many cells. TF is thecrucial trigger of coagulation via its ligation to Factor VII(a). TF is to be considered as a true receptor involved in many processes such as cell migration , embryogenesis, signal transduction. Ours results show that a subpopulation of lymphocytes CD19+CD40+CD38+CD23-CD5- can express TF in response to PMA. TF is functional as shown by its procoagulante activity. In the second part of this work, we have identified a TF expression in cell lines and proliferative disorders. T cell line Jurkat can express TF as suggested by previous publications. On contrary EBV-immortalized B cell line cannot express TF. In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), monoclonal lymphocytes do express TF
Mbika-Binzangi, Jean-Pierre. "Etude du rôle de la sarcolectine dans le développement tissulaire et le système immunitaire." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05S008.
Full textSarcolectin (SOL) is a 55 kDa protein with 469 aminoacids, isolated in the first time in 1968. Abnormally elevated in most tumors, SCL is a cell growth factor which activates cell DNA, induces cell proliferation, and antagonises antiviral effect of interferon. In this issue, we explored the SCL effects on the human immune system. The SCL treatment cf 30 peripheral blood mononuclear samples (PBMC) showed two types of celI stimulation: a low and a hight one. This cell stimulation picked up after 6 or 7 days of culture in the presence of monocytes/macrophages, because in the absence of these cells, no effect was observed. The SCL-stimulated PBMC exhibited CD3+CD4+CD45RO+ memory T4 lymphocytes proliferation with CD25 and CD28 celI surface receptor over-expression, and with pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-α/β and TLR-3 and TLR-9 mRNA over-expression. TLR-3 recognises viral double-stranded RNA and TLR-9 senses un-methylated CpG DNA
Dubus, Marie. "S2RM - Nouvelles matrices pour la régénération tissulaire." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMM201/document.
Full textBone loss following tooth extraction requires pre-implantory surgery techniques to regenerate bone. These techniques use an occlusive membrane positioned over a bone graft material or not, providing space maintenance and enabling to seclude soft tissue infiltration to promote bone regeneration. This pluridisciplinary thesis work aims at developing innovative biomaterials for bone regeneration applications. Inspired by bone hybrid composition, coatings made of calcium phosphates and organic polymers (chitosan and hyaluronic acid) were developed using simultaneous spray coating of interacting species process. Coating build-up led to precipitation of a compound made of carbonated apatite and brushite on glass coverslip (proof of concept), whereas a complex hybrid compound (brushite, octacalcium phosphate and nanocrystalline apatite) was formed on collagen membrane. Coating on glass coverslip seems to possess required properties (roughness, elasticity) for osteoblastic differentiation, which was confirmed by stem cells early osteoblast commitment. However, coating on collagen membrane did not induce osteoblastic differentiation, but stimulated stem cells osteo-immunomodulatory properties, required for bone regeneration. Interestingly, coating demonstrated in both cases antibacterial activities, which makes it very attractive for bone regeneration applications. Finally, Wharton’s jelly from umbilical cord was suggested as an innovative source for new biomaterials, to replace xenogeneic membranes
Foucré, Dominique. "Contribution a l'etude des activateurs du plasminogene de type tissulaire et de type urokinase et de leurs inhibiteurs specifiques dans le cancer du sein." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S005.
Full textNtayi, Carole. "Implication des metalloprotéinases matricielles-1 et -2 dans l'invasion du mélanome : régulation par le collagène de type I et les peptides d'élastine." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMM204.
Full text@In this study, we investigated the role of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in melanoma cells invasion through a three-dimensional type I collagen matrix, and regulation by elastin peptides in vitro. We showed that melanoma cells invasion through a three-dimensional type I collagen matrix was correlated with MMP-1 and MMP-2 activation, and a concomitant decrease of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Adding elastin-derived peptides to the collagen matrix, enhanced invasive potential of the highly metastatic melanoma cells via elastin binding protein by up-regulating MMP-2 activation
Andréoletti, Olivier. "Pathogenèse de la tremblante des ovins : effet du génotype PRP sur la dissémination tissulaire de la PrPsc, la contamination placentaire et les modalités de transmission périnatale." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114846.
Full textArbesu, Y. Miar Anais. "Cellule interstitielle de valve et sténose aortique : impact de la voie du facteur tissulaire." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S062/document.
Full textDefined as the narrowing of the aortic valve, aortic stenosis (AS) is the third cardiovascular pathology in industrialized countries. Affecting mainly people aged over 65 years, AS represents a major public health problem because of the aging of the population. After initially been considered as a passive degenerative process, it is now established that AS is an "atherosclerosis-like " disease characterized by the processes of inflammation, fibrosis, neo-angiogenesis and calcification. Some proteins of the coagulation pathway such as tissue factor (TF) are known to have a pro-fibrotic role and actively participate in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Their implication in AS seems, therefore, probable and remain to be identified.Prevalent cellular component of the aortic valve, VICs have five distinct subpopulations: embryonic progenitor cells (EPCs), progenitor cells (pVICs) quiescent (qVICs), activated (aVICs) and osteoblastic (obVICs). During the valvulogenesis, EPCs allow the cellularization of the valve, differentiating into qVICs. These cells maintain the valvular homeostasis and, in case of damage, are activated (aVICs) to effectively repair the valve tissue. The valvular inflammation and VICs activation initiate the secretion of pro-calcifying proteins inducing the differentiation of aVICs into obVICs. Finally, pVICs, naturally present within the valve (called resident) or from the blood circulation (called hematopoietic), seem to promote cell renewal and may be involved in the angiogenic and osteoblastic processes.Although described, these subpopulations have never been studied longitudinally, in respect to their behavior in vitro. Our first objective was to perform this investigation. Our second objective was to study the potential role of TF pathway in the deleterious mechanisms of AS.As part of the longitudinal follow-up of VICs from control and pathological human aortic valves to the in vitro culture performed on plastic and collagen, we first showed that different subpopulations were present in these valves with different locations and proportions according to the pathophysiological state of the tissue. After enzymatic digestion, all subpopulations are found but, in culture, hematopoietic pVICs disappeared, whichever the support. Thus, we validated the primary culture model of VICs while highlighting its limitations: lack of hematopoietic pVICs, spontaneous osteoblastic differentiation and activation of VICs in culture.As part of the study the involvement of FT in the AS development, we showed its colocalization with thrombin and calcifications of pathological valves. We showed that the expression and activity of TF were constitutively more important in VICs from fibrocalcified valves than control ones and that IL-1β for pathological VICs and that its expression could be induced by IL1 beta. In addition, TF activation in the by its ligand FVII, induced, directly and via the PAR-2 receptor, different signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and the processes of fibrosis and calcification. Thus, our findings suggest that the FT expressed by VICs mediates fibrocalcific processes of aortic stenosis
Chauvier, David. "Camptothécine versus homocamptothécine : approche moleculaire et cellulaire. Induction de l'apoptose et modulation de la résistance multiple." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMP206.
Full textHomocamptothecin (hCPT), a topoisomerase I (top1) inhibitor, combines higher cytotoxicity and lactone stability in aqueous buffer than camptothecin (hCPT). Spectrofluorometry has allowed the real-time investigation of its hydrolysis kinetic in absence and presence of top1 and/or ADN. The stabilisation of the cleavable complex by hCPT implies steric contacts of the b-hydroxylactone ring with the DNA-top1 complex, rather than opening of the lactone ring, as observed for CPTs. HCPT/CPT have been detected in the cytoplasm of MCF7 and HT29 cancer cells by 2-photon laser confocal microspectrofluorometry,. The induction of apoptosis by hCPT is mediated in HT29 cells by DYm disruption, cytosolic acidification, reactive oxygen species, cytochrome C release, caspase-3 activation, gene expression, de novo synthesis of ceramide. HCPT/CPT have been identified to be substrates of MRP1 but not Pgp proteins. Sub-toxic doses of hCPT/CPT potentiated daunorubicin (DNR) cytotoxicity by inhibition of MRP1 activity, in correlation with increase of the nuclear accumulation of DNR in anthracyclins-resistant K562 and MCF7 cells
Cabon, Philippe. "Maintien de la vigilance et gestion du sommeil dans les systemes automatises : recherche de laboratoire applications aux transports ferroviaires et aeriens." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05S022.
Full textToussaint, Jean-François. "Rôle de la résonance magnétique nucléaire dans la caractérisation tissulaire de l'athérosclérose et l'évaluation de la rupture de plaque." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05CD12.
Full textIn 1995 atherosclerosis still remains the first cause of mortality ans morbidity in developed countries. However, we cannot yet predict the evolution of its histopathological substratum, the atheromatous plaque, for the morphological parameters available from angiography do not provide this information. A biochemical imaging technology is now necessary to improve our understanding of the in vivo mechanisms of plaque rupture leading to arterial ischemia and infarction. With this goal we have used Magnetic Resonance to realize a non-invasive tissue characterization of atheromatous lesions. Using carbon-13 MR spectroscopy, proton spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, T1 contrast, psin density, and especially T2 contrast imaging, we have demonstrated that Magnetic Resonance allows to study atherosclerosis progression by analyzing fatty acid and cholesteryl ester content, and to investigate plaque stability by discriminating soft lipid regions (atheroma) from fibrous structures (sclerosis). We have also proven that MR can discriminate thesqe components in vivo, which provides a new and powerful way to study regression or stabilization of this dresdful disease
Poitevin, Stéphane. "Activation des monocytes par le collagéne de type I : libération de cytokines de gélatinase B et d'urokinase. Implication de protéine kinases et de NF-kB." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMM205.
Full textInflammatory processes involve the transmigration of peripheral blood monocytes through the endothelium into connective tissue, which is mainly composed of type I collagen fibers. Our results show an activation of monocytes during interaction with type I collagen: O2- production measured by NBT and cytochrome c reduction is enhanced, cytokines secretion (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6), gelatinase B and urokinase production are upregulated. TNF-a and IL-1b stimulate gelatinase B and urokinase production by an autocrine mechanism as determined by neutralizing antibodies. Monocytes interact with type I collagen through axb2 integrin which activate a signalling pathway involving p60Src, PI-3 kinase and p38 MAP Kinase as determined by specific inhibitors, immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Finally, NF-kB inhibitors (PDTC, curcumin, NAC) incubations and gel shift experiments demonstrate NF-kB activation which participate to TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, gelatinase B and urokinase expression
Madaoui, Hocine. "Prédiction structurale et ingenierie des assemblages macromoléculaires par bioinformatique." Paris 7, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553875.
Full textThe high-throughput characterization of the protein-protein interactions networks laid the bases for the first interaction maps in all model organisms, including human. In contrast, the structures of the protein assembles are still restricted to a very limited set of interactions. In this work, a specific evolutionary pressure that is exerted at protein interfaces has been revealed. To our knowledge, no such effect had been previously described. Based on this finding, a novel bioinformatic approach, called scotch (surface complementarity trace in complex history) has been developed to predict the structures of protein assembles. Coupled to a docking program, such as scotcher also developed in this work, this approach was shown to predict efficiently the structures of many complexes. This work also focuses on the inhibition of protein interactions by synthetic peptides, rationally designed on the basis of the complex structure. The results obtained for two examples, the asf1 - histone h3/h4 and the gp120 - cd4 complexes emphasize the high interest of rational design of complex interface for the development of novel therapeutic strategies
Bresson, Lucie. "Autologuous cell-ladened hydrogel sheet for prevention of post-surgical abdominal adhesion." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S033/document.
Full textIntroduction: Postoperative abdominal adhesions are a major complication leading to medical and economical problems. Replace injured peritoneum, which is composed of a monolayer of mesothelial cells (MC), using cell-therapy or cell-laden scaffold are two promising strategies to prevent adhesions. MC as functional and differentiated cells are crucial. However, adipose stem cells (ASCs) could replace MCs thanks to their potential of differentiation. Furthermore, hydrogel polymers are attractive scaffolds mimicking the properties of the native ECM. So, milestones of our project of regenerative medicine are comparison of cell-laden scaffolds and cell-therapy, choice of cell source and biomaterial, and finally transplantation of the cell-laden hydrogel scaffold, in a pre-established rat model of adhesion.Materiel and Method: Firstly, models of adhesion were compared usingdifferent peritoneal injuries. Then, MCs and ASCs were compared for isolation, culture, characterization, and differentiation. Nextly, cell-therapy using MC intra peritoneal injection (IP) or cell-sheet technology was compared with tissue-therapy using peritoneal grafts through a proof of concept study. BD-Purastat® hydrogel was tested in collaboration with 3D Matrix firm. Cell-laden hydrogel gels were implanted and assessed on adhesion prevention.Results: Two animal models of adhesion were validated and both techniques were effective and clinically relevant. MCs and ASCs were isolated from respectively tunica vaginalis and subcutaneous inguinal fat pad. MCs, with typical cobble-stone morphology and bright edges, were positively stained for vimentin and cytokeratin. Senescence arrived after only three passages for these adult well-differentiated cells. Spindle-shaped ASCs had a good capacity of expansion, were able to differentiate in osteocytes and adipocytes, and to form colonies as expected for stem cells. Autologuous peritoneal grafts prevented postoperative abdominal adhesions in the rat model. As the mechanism of this prevention, the MC survived and contributed to reperitonealization, only when they were transplanted as a part of the autologous peritoneal grafts and were located on the surface exposed to the abdomen. Cell sheet technology and MCs IP injection failed in the adhesion prevention. BD-Purastat® presented good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Alone, it reduced significantly adhesion extent. But, cell encapsulation into BD-Purastat® did not improve this prevention.Conclusion and perspectives: Our study supported that MCs and scaffold are both needed to succeed in peritoneum’s engineering to prevent adhesion. ASCs differentiation into MCs phenotype has still to be shown. BD- Purastat® decreases adhesion extent and behavior of the cell into this scaffold needs to be studied to improve the effectiveness of the cell-laden hydrogel application
Li, Li. "Evaluation d’un effet anti-apoptotique du fibroblaste gingival et étude des mécanismes impliqués : contribution au développement d’une thérapie cellulaire de l’anévrisme de l’aorte abdominale." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T023.
Full textThe abdominal aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease characterized by a degradation of the extracellular matrix. It is accompanied by a decrease of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Previous work performed in the laboratory showed that the gingival fibroblast (GF) inhibits the degradation of elastic fibers in an ex vivo artery culture model. This effect is linked to the stimulation of the synthesis of TIMP-1 by SMCs of the aortic wall by gingival fibroblast (Gogly, 2007). In order to contribute to the development of a cell therapy with GFs, it is important to know whether GFs also have a protective effect on the arterial wall cells. We first showed that the presence of GFs in co-culture with fragments of aorta, lead to a decrease of the number of apoptotic cells in the aortic wall. The treatment of aorta segments with GFs conditioned medium gave similar results. To study the mechanisms of this anti-apoptotic effect, we used cells in monolayer (a line of human fibroblast Wi26 and HUVEC). The GFs inhibit the activity of caspases 3 and 9. The inhibition of the caspase 9 activity showed that GFs modulate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This is confirmed by studies of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and the release of cytochrome c. The analysis of pro- (Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Hsp27) protein expression also showed an increase of the expression of Bcl-2 and an inhibition of Bax. Next, we showed that overexpression of Bcl-2 by the GFs conditioned medium go through the FAK/Pi3K signaling pathway and the induction of phosphorylation of MAP kinase Erk1 / 2. Finally, among the various factors secreted by the GFs, we analysed the effects of TIMP-1 and TGF-beta1 using blocking antibodies. The results showed an inhibition of the expression of Bcl-2 by anti-TIMP-1 and an inhibition of the expression of Bcl-2 accompanied by a decrease of the phosphorylation of Erk1 / 2 by the antibody anti-TGF-beta1. Therefore the TIMP-1 and the TGF-beta1 contribute, at least partially, to the anti-apoptotic effects of GFs. Thus, this research permits to have a better understanding of the mechanisms of these anti-apoptotic effects of GFs and contributes to the development of a new cell therapy strategy based on GFs
Jantet-Keravel, Francine. "Influence de l'environnement graphique et colore sur la perception des formes : application a la lecture sur ecran couleur." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S007.
Full textWatbled, Ludivine. "Impact des dispositifs techniques sur l'activité de production, transmission de courriers de sortie d'hospitalisation." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S013/document.
Full textIn today’s society, technical devices are expected to increase the quality and speed of task execution. The healthcare field is no exception. Healthcare establishments are investing heavily in technical devices capable of achieving certain performance objectives. When France’s High Commission for Healthcare (Haute Autorité de Santé) recommended that discharge letters should be sent out more rapidly, hospitals digitized the production and dispatching of this document. However, none of the hospitals planned ahead of time for potential negative effects of the digitization of discharge letter production (longer delays, for example). In fact, one can legitimately question whether technical devices improve discharge letter production. This matter is especially important because discharge letters ensure continuity of care and the patient’s safety.We therefore sought to determine the effect of technical devices on the speed of discharge letter production and dispatching. To address this question, we studied the work situation as a whole (i.e. technical devices, organizations, stakeholders, and their interactions) using a human factors approach. Our starting hypothesis was as follows: it is difficult to accurately interpret scientific studies of the effects of these devices without taking account of and understanding technical, organizational and stakeholder-related characteristics that are rarely described in the literature.To address the research question, we identified and described all the technical, organizational and stakeholder-related characteristics, and analyzed their effects on the speed of discharge letter production and dispatching. We first considered using the IPAQSS data that French public-sector hospitals have to collect. However, we had to exclude this variable from our research because it is not valid and does not adequately reflect reality. We therefore decided to measure the time intervals at each step in the letter production/dispatching process, in order to be as close as possible to the true situation and thus answer our research question. We performed statistical analyses on a total of 440 letters generated by seven departments at Lille University Medical Centre.Our main results showed that a digital device does not necessarily accelerate thesteps in discharge letter production; it is essential to focus on the device'stechnical characteristics when seeking to determine whether or not production isfaster.Moreover, the time intervals for the steps vary as a function of contextual variables (i.e. organizational and stakeholder-related factors) and not just under the influence of the technical device per se.Furthermore, our results showed that knowledge of the work context enables one to interpret the data obtained. This knowledge makes it possible to modify technical, organizational and stakeholder-related factors and achieve the objectives set by hospitals and institutions. Our human factors approach generated a methodology for helping hospitals and institutions to check whether a technical device can achieve the expected objectives, i.e. by monitoring the influence of the above-mentioned variables on the device’s effect
Hafian, Hilal. "IMAGERIE CELLULAIRE ET TISSULAIRE DE BIO-MARQUEURS TUMORAUX : EXCITATION MULTI-PHOTONIQUE DE QUANTUM DOTS CONJUGUES AVEC DES ANTICORPS DE DOMAINE SIMPLE." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMP201.
Full textThe QD-sdAbs conjugates are nano-sensors that combine a quantum dot (QD) and single domain antibodies (sdAbs). These fluorescent nanoprobes allow immunostaining on tissue sections and cells. The objective of this work is to show the interest of the multi-photon excitation for the detection and highly specific location of tumor biomarkers.Multi-photon excitation of anti CEA QD570-sdAb nanoprobes was investigated on human appendix and colon carcinoma slides for specifical detection and an optimization of the signal/auto-fluorescence emission ratio. The use of QD as excitation energy sensor for a QD-organic fluorophore FRET model has been shown. An innovative model for ultra-specific detection of CEA on MC38 CEA membrane cells by double immunostaining for a resonant energy transfer between QD and Alexa Fluor has been implemented.Our results shows the great interest of the multi-photon excitation compared to 458.9 nm excitation for discrimination and optimization of the signal / autofluorescence. It is 40 times higher at 800 nm two photon excitation has 458.9 nm one photon excitation on the studied sections.The use of conjugated QD556-sdAb anti-CEA and a conventional monoclonal antibody allows a double immunostaining on CEA on MC38 CEA membrane cells. The QD is use as multi-photon excitation energy nano-sensor enables an excitation selectivity and FRET between QD and Alexa Fluor. This configuration enables easy spectral detection of FRET and a very specific and sensitive location of membrane CEA. This is reinforced by the decrease in decay time of QD556 as donor of non radiative energy
Jesel-Morel, Laurence. "Sénescence, remodelage tissulaire et membranaire, risque thrombotique au cours de la fibrillation auriculaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ051/document.
Full textOur data evidence that during atrial fibrillation (AF), microparticles (MP) contribute to an enhanced hypercoagulable and pro-inflammatory state. Similar concentrations of MP measured in left and right atria of AF patients highlight the absence of chamber-specific enhanced thrombogenic status. During AF ablation procedures, MP concentrations progress in parallel with cell and platelet activation. We also showed that AF progression is strongly related to human atrial senescence burden pointing toward a possible network that links in human atrium, senescence burden, endothelial dysfunction, thrombogenicity and atrial remodeling. We also developed a model of left atrium endothelial cell replicative senescence providing compelling evidences indicating that atrial endothelial senescence promotes thrombogenicity, inflammation and proteolysis. These data underline the major role of renin-angiotensin system in endothelial atrial cell senescence
Vargas, Valderrama Alejandra. "Différenciation des cellules souches pluripotentes humaines en cellules endothéliales et cellules hématopoïétiques via une population du type hémangioblastique Efficient hPSC differentiation into endothelial and hematopoietic cells via a hemangioblast-like population." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ021.
Full textEndothelial cells (ECs) and hematopoietic cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSc) are a promising tool for tissue engineering, cell therapy and drug discovery. ECs are involved in blood vessel formation, while mature hematopoietic cells participate in oxygen transport, hemostasis and immune response. In this study, we have differentiated hPSCs into a bipotent hemangioblast-like population to generate pure populations of these two lineages in vitro. This CD144+CD309+CD34+CD143+CD31+ population gives rise to an intermediate population in vitro, the blast colonies (BCs), which expresses the CD43 marker at 90%. BCs differentiate into myeloid and erythroid hematopoietic colonies and express transcription factors involved in definitive hematopoiesis (RUNX1c, GATA2, SCL, HOXB4). On the other hand, endothelial differentiation of the hemangioblast-like progenitors generates a population of more than 95% of functional CD309+CD34+CD144+CD31+ ECs in vitro, expressing arterial and venous specific markers of ECs. In vivo, we showed that the hemangioblast-like population generates a low but detectable hematopoietic reconstitution in immunodeficient mice. ECs transplanted in a mouse model of ischemia on a dorsal chamber were localized in the endothelium of the mouse blood vessels, suggesting an angiogenic potential of these cells. Finally, and as a proof of concept, ECs and hépatoblasts derived from hPSCs were cocultured to generate vascularized hepatic organoids in vitro
Hinkel, Isabelle. "Plasticité des cellules cancéreuses coliques : impact du facteur d'identité tissulaire Cdx2." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871086.
Full textAl, Rifai Rida. "ASPIC - Analyse du site d’implantation de produit de thérapie cellulaire dans un modèle d’ischémie critique des membres inférieurs." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMM206/document.
Full textPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic obstructive disease affecting lower limbs arteries. It affects nearly 20% of over 70s. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the ultimate stage and requires revascularization. Cell therapy (CT) has been proposed for patients with CLI. Clinical trials were encouraging but failed to establish efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a better option as they combine angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs can be obtained from BMCs of CLI-patients. The aim of this study was first to evaluate, in a murine hindlimb ischemia model, the efficacy of two types of MSCs: undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and “endothelial like” MSCs (MELs) in comparison with currently used BMCs. Secondly, the objective was to perform a non-invasive analysis of ischemic limb using Raman Spectroscopy. MELs and MSCs induced complete perfusion restoration whereas BMCs did not. The complete flow recovery was significantly earlier with MELs in comparison with MSCs. Both MSCs and MELs improved functionality more efficiently than BMCs. Interestingly, complete limb salvage was observed in the MELs treated group exclusively. In muscles, MELs induced the highest rate of neoangiogenesis and the best muscle repair as shown by the presence of regenerated myofibers. Spectral acquisitions revealed that Raman spectroscopy can discriminate ischemic limb from healthy limb and can grade ischemia over time.Our study brings evidence that MELs obtained from CLI-patients can restore blood flow and provide muscle repair. Moreover Raman spectroscopy could be used clinically to assess ischemia in CLI-patients
Charton, Antoine. "Effets de l'eau enrichie en oxygène sur l'oxygènation tissulaire : études expérimentales chez l'animal et application chez l'homme." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ042.
Full textThe recent development of a new technique for enriching water in oxygen by electrolysis relaunch the research interest on the potential benefits of this modality of oxygenation. In this context, our objective was to characterize the effects of 02-water on mitochondrial respiration, peripheral tissue oxygenation during a state of hemodynamic stability, and on the performance and the production of oxidative stress in a sub-maximal exercise. The results show an effect of the administration of water enriched in oxygen by electrolysis at the cellular and tissue level. The mechanism explaining both a better affinity of mitochondria for oxygen and the effects on peripheral oxygenation could be due to aqualitative effect on the diffusion of oxygen at the tissue level
Marcilly, Romaric. "Towards a usability knowledge base to support health information technology design and evaluation : Application to Medication Alerting Systems." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S037/document.
Full textHealth Information Technology (HIT) is increasingly implemented to improve healthcare quality and patient safety. However, some usability issues may reduce their impact and even induce new problems (including patient safety issues). To avoid those negative outcomes, amongst other actions, HIT usability must be improved. This action requires applying validated usability knowledge. However, usability knowledge applied to HIT is scattered across several sources, is not structured and is hardly usable. Moreover, its coverage regarding related usability flaws is not known. This work has two aims: (i) to participate in improving the accumulation of usability knowledge for HIT and (ii) to provide synthetic structured easy-to-use HIT usability knowledge with a clear coverage. Those aims are applied to medication alerting systems.Method.Two independent analyses of the literature have been performed. On the one hand, usability flaws and their consequences for the clinicians and the work system have been searched and organized; on the other hand, existing usability design principles specific to medication alerting systems have been synthesized. Results of both analyses have been matched together. Results.A systematic review identified 13 types of usability flaws in medication alerting systems. Consequences on the clinicians and the work system are varied: they greatly impede the clinicians and negatively impact the work system (e.g., alert fatigue, alert misinterpretation). Sixty-three usability design principles dedicated to medication alerting systems are identified. They represent six themes: improve the signal-to-noise ratio, fit clinicians’ workflow, support collaborative work, display relevant information, make the system transparent and provide useful tools. The matching between usability flaws and principles is quite good.Discussion.As a result of this work, a list of usability design principles illustrated by actual instances of their violation has been developed. It may help designers and Human Factors experts understand and apply usability design principles when designing and evaluating medication alerting systems. Usability applied to HIT is a recent research field that suffers from a deficit of structured knowledge. This work shows that it is possible to accumulate and structure usability knowledge. It could be carried on by developing a usability knowledge base dedicated to HIT in order to strive towards “evidence-based usability”
Malak, Abbas. "Role of vascular microparticles in endothelial senescence : study of their pro-coagulant properties and pharmacological modulation in a porcine model of replicative senescence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ130.
Full textThis scientific work has tackled the issue of the pleitropic role mediated by endothelial microparticles function and homeostasis. A replicative model of senescence using coronary endothelial cells was set showing drastic phenotype changes characterized by ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and the up-regulation of key regulators of cell cycle arrest including p53, p21 and p16.Replicative senescence shifted the coronary endothelial phenotype toward a procoagulant status as evidenced by (i) procoagulant MP shedding (ii) enhanced tissue factor (TF) expression and (iii) a marked decrease in the endothelial NO-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation. In parallel, a drastic up regulation of the angiotensin system could be evidenced at the surface of senescent cells or derived MP. Results obtained with MPs from patients with acute coronary artery syndrome and from grafted patients,suggested a feedback loop disseminating the deleterious effect of circulating MPs redox signaling and alteration of vascular function owing to exaggerated senescence. In addition to its well-known immunosuppressive properties, cyclosporine A (Cs A) is a potent inhibitor of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and several reports have indicated that a brief and timely administration of Cs A can limit ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Our data evidenced the possible pharmacological modulation of endothelial MP-mediated senescence by cell preconditioning with low concentrations of Cs A. our data are thus suggestive of a beneficial effect of CsA in cardiovascular disorders where senescence is altering the endothelial vascular functions
Goula, Agathi Vasiliki. "Implication des lésions oxydantes et du mécanisme de réparation par excision de base dans la sélectivité tissulaire de l'instabilité somatique des répétitions CAG dans la maladie de Huntington." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868694.
Full textEap, Sandy. "Développement d'implants nanofibreux actifs pour la régénération osseuse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ053/document.
Full textOur team has developped a novel and unique strategy to functionnalize nanofibrous and synthetic implants based on active nanoreservoirs for bone regeneration. We propose a new synthetic biodegradable and nanostructured implant to accelarate restoration of bone tissue. These new implants could replace collagen membranes from animal origin. The nanoreservoirs are based on chitosan containing osteoinductive growth factors such as BMP-2. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer approved by FDA and has been used to produce the synthetic and biomimetic implants by electrospinning in order to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. Optimization of this process has allowed the elaboration of nanofibrous implants with different thicknesses reaching 10 mm. Using the combination of growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells in a double functionalization created a bioactive and living implant. This strategy has been validated in vitro and in vivo thanks to bone site implantation in murin model. Acceleration of bone regeneration in vivo has brought to light the efficiency of the double functionalization onto the PCL implants.The functionalized implants bioactivity is still currently in study for pre-clinical trials in order to obtain authorization for applications in maxillo-facial, parodontal, and orthopaedic fields. Moerover, astat-up (ARTiOS NanoMed) based on this nanotechnology has been founded.To conclude, we believe that our nanotechnology could lead to a new generation of engineered bone implants which has a great potential to be used in the clinic
Koubar, Khodor. "Amélioration du calcul de la masse osseuse par micro-tomodensitométrie X : prise en compte des phénomènes physiques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062827.
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