Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ingénierie tissulaire'
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Lesieur, Romane. "Ingénierie tissulaire de l'oesophage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0020.
Full textUpon removal of a portion of the esophagus, the restoration of the digestive continuity involves the surgical creation of an intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis. However, postoperative complications such as lung impairments, fistulas, strictures, graft necrosis, and gastroesophageal reflux are reported. The enhancement of surgical procedures for esophageal replacement has made promising progress by the development of a substitute through tissue engineering that utilizes a decellularized biological esophageal matrix (DEM). The primary objective of this study was to optimize the design of porcine DEM and characterize its biological and mechanical properties. The secondary objective was to cellularize DEM using readily available immune-privileged human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from Wharton's jelly (hMSCs-WJ).Esophageal decellularization was performed according to a protocol based on the dynamic perfusion of chemical and enzymatic solutions through the organ lumen. Histological analysis and residual DNA quantification of the DEM were conducted to determine the efficiency of the decellularization protocol. The ultrastructure of the DEM was analyzed using immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling, and the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein content was described by mass spectrometry. In-vitro cytotoxicity tests of DEM were conducted following ISO 10993-5 standards. The evaluation of suture retention strength, tensile strength, and bursting pressure of DEM aimed to describe the mechanical behavior of the substitute for clinical use.hMSCs-WJ used for DEM cellularization were extracted from human umbilical cords, and their flow cytometry profiling confirmed the purity of the cell population. The immune response of hMSCs-WJ was quantified after co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs phenotyping assessed the expression of immune markers in contact with hMSCs-WJ, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantified cytokine release. The proposed DEM cellularization strategy involved the development of cell sheets from hMSCs-WJ. The validation of the cell sheet production protocol involved the characterization of the cellular phenotype by IHC analysis, and the mechanical study of the sheets measured their resistance to perforation.The absence of cellular content and residual DNA quantification in DEM confirmed the efficacy of decellularization according to current validation criteria. The ultrastructure and biological components of the ECM were preserved, and proteomic analysis highlighted protein complexity. Decellularization treatment did not induce DEM toxicity, and the mechanical behavior of DEM was suitable for its use as an esophageal substitute.Culturing hMSCs-WJ as cell sheets promoted the cellularization of the DEM. Once seeded, the sheets retained their cellular phenotype and immune-privileged characteristics. In-vitro tissue remodeling was visible, along with the formation of a new ECM produced by hMSCs-WJ.Characterization of the obtained DEM offered biological complexity and favorable mechanical behavior for its use as an esophageal substitute. DEM was cellularizable with hMSCs-WJ cell sheets, potentially promoting tissue integration and remodeling
Builles, Nicolas. "Ingénierie tissulaire de la cornée : faisabilité." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10284.
Full textWe showed that keratocytes extracted from the perilimbic higher half of the corneal stroma have the maximum proliferative capacity, of which 70% express CD34. We optimized a medium for proliferation allowing to preserve CD34 positive phenotype. We highlighted 3 interactions of the components of the medium having an effect on differentiation. We carried out a stroma reconstruction and an hemicornea in which the diameter and the spacing of collagen fibres are close to those of the human cornea. Hemicornea was characterized and the interactions between the epithelial cells and the keratocytes bring a more physiological model in research and pharmacotoxicology. Its presentation inside culture inserts makes it possible to facilitate the application of products to be tested
Brune, Thierry. "Ingénierie tissulaire du ligament antérieur croisé du genou." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10197.
Full textTears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequent. In absence of spontaneous healing, it is necessary to perform an autologous graft. In spite of clinical good results, some limitations remain. Within the framework of this project, we developed an new kind of tissue-engineered implant. The first part deals with the characterization of the cells extracted from the disrupted ACL. Then we present two models of ligament made of “small intestinal submucosa” (SIS), an acellular material of animal origin. The use of various cellular populations and several versions of SIS is discussed in the third part. Our results show that the cells of the disrupted ACL behave in vitro like those of the intact ACL. In addition, a hydrated form of SIS makes it possible to obtain a model with a morphology close to that of the ACL. The fourth part is devoted to an animal test which aimed to validate for the ACL a new protocole of implantation allowing a quicker integretion of the implant
Merceron, Christophe. "Ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage : hydrogel et cellules souches." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5f4996be-9d81-47bd-aed3-fb4ce525bab3.
Full textArticular cartilage is a highly specialized connective tissue that covers the end of bone and forms the smooth surface of joints. Articular cartilage is an avascular, alymphatic, aneural tissue that has limited self-healing capabilities. Cartilage can be altered by traumatic injuries, inflammatory or degenerative diseases. Current surgical treatments for cartilaginous defects only allow to obtain short-term satisfactory results. Therefore strategies for long-term cartilage repair have been developed. These tissue engineering strategies are based on the use of chondrogenic cells, biomaterials and morphogens. In this context, we investigated the combined use of stem cells from human adipose tissue (hATSC) and a silated cellulose-based injectable self-setting hydrogel (Si-HPMC). First we have shown that hATSC exhibit stem cells features. We have then demonstrated that hATSC cultured within a 3D environment provided by Si-HPMC and in the presence of inductive medium, express a chondrocytic phenotype and are able to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo. In order to optimize the chondrogenic differentiation of hATSC, we were finally interested in deciphering the potential roles of hypoxia and a marine polysaccharide GAG-mimetic (GY785 DRS) to improve chondogenic differentiation of hATSC. These two factors have emerged as potential tools to optimize the chondrogenic differentiation for use in regenerative medicine of cartilage
Rederstorff, Émilie. "Potentiel des exopolysaccharides marins en ingénierie des tissus squelettiques." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2002.
Full textDegenerative hurts of skeletal tissue affect an important part of the population and represent a major stake in health care. However, the therapeutic approaches for the repair of these tissues, suffer from numerous limitations. In this context, a multidisciplinary efforts has been done to develop alternative therapeutic solutions, leading to a new discipline; tissue engineering. This discipline has for objective to develop biological substitutes, by developing hybrid constructs associating three-dimensional matrices with cells. The goal of this thesis was to estimate the potential of two exopolysaccharides (EPS) from marine origin HE800 and GY785 in skeletal tissue engineering. During a first study, we set up a sterilization method adapted to marine EPS. Then, toward the development of physically and biologically competent 3 D matrices, we demonstrated in the second study that the association of EPS to a sililated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC) increases the mechanical properties of the scaffold. The third study deepened on the biological properties of the GY785/Si-HPMC scaffold on cartilage tissue engineering with rabbit articular chondrocytes (RAC). Results indicate the ability of this scaffold to maintain and to recover a chondrocytic phenotype as well as the production of cartilage-like extracellular matrix. The results of these works show the interest of marine EPS in tissue engineering and more particularly, the significance of GY785 EPS in cartilage tissue engineering
Juthier, Francis. "Ingénierie tissulaire de valves cardiaques : apport des techniques de thérapie cellulaire." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433512.
Full textL'Heureux, Nicolas. "Construction d'un vaisseau sanguin humain par ingénierie tissulaire, une nouvelle approche." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26075.pdf.
Full textPortron, Sophie. "Modulation de la différenciation chondrogénique : application en ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=190797e4-113a-404b-88c9-fc006d3e1323.
Full textCartilage can be altered by traumatic injuries, inflammatory or degenerative diseases. To address this clinical issue, cartilage tissue engineering strategies combining cells, biomaterials and morphogenic factors are promising. Our strategy associates adipose stem cells (ASC) with an injectable and self-setting hydrogel. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal culture conditions to promote the chondrogenic differentiation of ASC and therefore the formation of a cartilaginous matrix in vitro and in vivo. Our approach was based on the use of morphogenic factors mimicking the articular cartilage environment. Thus, we were interested in deciphering the effects of the dimensionality, oxygen tension and glycosaminoglycanesmimetics on the chondrogenesis of ASC for their future use in cartilage engineering
Bostan, Luciana Elena. "Matériaux polymères avec hydrophilie contrôlée. Applications en ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage articulaire." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743464.
Full textKahn, Cyril. "Ingénierie tissulaire des ligaments : conception d'un bioréacteur et étude des propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL010N/document.
Full textTissue Engineering aims to fabricate bio-prostheses by regenerating or culture, in vivo or in vitro, tissues or organs. In the in vitro strategy, developing new tools such as bioréactors which allow the culture of cells or tissues under their specific mechanical solicitations is a huge point. Moreover, the last advances of this discipline in regeneration of tissues require new mechanical model allowing their evaluation and comparison to native tissue under physiological loading. Indeed, in order to obtain a good evaluation of their mechanical quality, it is important to be able to applied mechanical solicitations linked to physiological ones. As a first step, a bioreactor of ligament allowing the culture of cells under mechanical solicitations of cyclic traction-torsion was designed and developed. This bioreactor was sized to potentially obtain a bio-prosthesis comparable to native tissue in term of size (4 to 5 cm long). In a second time, a mechanical model was elaborated based on a thermodynamic formalism developed in our laboratory and the observation made on rabbit Achilles tendons. The goals of this model are to improve our knowledge on the mayor structures involved into the mechanical quality of theses tissues and to evaluate and optimise the scaffolds and neo-tissues of substitution
Fénelon, Mathilde. "La MAH en ingénierie tissulaire : application à la régénération du tissu osseux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0241.
Full textGuided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used to repair damaged bone. GBR is based on the application of a membrane which will act as a physical barrier to isolate the intended bone-healing space. The development of bioactive membranes has been suggested to overcome some limitations of the currently used membrane. Due to its biological properties, the human amniotic membrane (HAM) is a new biological membrane option for GBR. This study aimed at investigating the most suitable conditions to use HAM for GBR. First, the influence of both HAM sides and the impact of cryopreservation were studied. Then, a new decellularization process of HAM, that is simple and reproducible, has been developed. In a third part, bone regeneration of non-critical and critical sized defects depending on the preservation method of HAM was assessed in rodents. Results showed that neither stem cells found in HAM, nor the HAM layer used to cover the defect had an influence on its potential for bone regeneration. The most promising results were achieved with the decellularized/lyophilized HAM for the field of bone regeneration
Van, den Berghe Hélène. "Nouveaux conjugués PLA-antibiotique pour des systèmes à libération prolongée en ingénierie tissulaire." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13509.
Full textThe aim of this work was to elaborate bioresorbable PLA50-antibiotic conjugates likely to be combined to matrices used as cellular supports for tissue engineering. The literature analysis led to the design of PLA50 oligomers-amoxicillin conjugates allowing a sustained drug delivery in the infected medium. Two conjugates were synthesized according to two strategies: an activation of the oligomers via a Curtius rearrangement or via an acylation reaction, giving conjugates with a urea or an amide bond, respectively. The comparative study of the in vitro drug delivery in aqueous medium showed that the urea bond is more suitable for the aimed application. Biological tests showed that the two conjugates were cytocompatible and preserve the same bacteriological activity range than free amoxicillin
Luc, Guillaume. "Ingénierie tissulaire : Mise en oeuvre d’un procédé de fabrication d’une matrice oesophagienne biologique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0423/document.
Full textDecellularized matrixes (DM) are commonly used to facilitate a constructive remodeling response in several types of tissue, including the esophagus. Surgical procedure of the esophagus is often complicated by stricture, but preclinical studies have shown that the use of a DM can mitigate stricture and promote a constructive outcome. Recognizing the potential benefits of DM derived from homologous tissue (i.e., site-specific ECM), the objective of the present study was to prepare, characterize, and assess the in-vivo remodeling properties of DM from porcine esophagus. The developed protocol for esophageal DM preparation is compliant with previously established criteria of decellularization and results in a scaffold that maintains important biologic components and an ultrastructure consistent with a good mechanical behavior. Stem cells remained viable when seeded upon the esophageal DM in vitro, and the in-vivo host response showed a pattern of constructive remodeling when implanted in soft tissue
Leroy, Adrien. "Ingénierie tissulaire du ligament : association de copolymères dégradables et de cellules souches mésenchymateuses." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022842.
Full textDuval, Elise. "Hypoxie et ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2063.
Full textIn a context of important ageing of the population, prevalence and socioeconomic repercussion of the degenerative osteoarthritis are in perpetual increase. The cartilage has a very low regeneration potential and the current approaches do not allow to regenerate a fully functional tissue. Thus numerous study turned toward tissue engineering with the aim of making cartilage in vitro. This innovative strategy consists in associating cells with a chondrogenic inductor and a matrix, which will serve as a scaffold for in vitro tissue synthesis in vitro. Thereafter, the artificial cartilage undergoes implantation in the lesion of the patient. Nowadays, two approaches are envisaged with, on one hand, the use of chondrocytes and, on the other hand, the resort to stem cells. In this study, we have associated these cells with hypoxia to mimic the natural environment of the cartilage. Our results, both in vitro and in vivo, clearly demonstrate the powerful inductive effect of hypoxia on chondrocytic phenotype. They also enlighten HIF-1a molecular mechanisms and the role of SOX9 in cartilage phenotype maintain and recovery
Granel, Henri. "Mise au point, caractérisation et optimisation d’hybrides organominéraux à base de polycaprolactone et bioverre pour la régénération tissulaire osseuse : Ingénierie tissulaire osseuse." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC106.
Full textIndisponible
Poghosyan, Tigran. "Remplacement oesophagien par ingenierie tissulaire : approche hybride." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077180.
Full textTissue engineering could be an alternative to conventional techniques for esophageal replacement. This work evaluated the functional results of the circumferential esophageal replacement by a hybrid substitute derived from tissue engineering and analyzed the kinetics of tissue remodeling in vivo. We have successfully cultured porcine myoblasts on an acellular matrix (Surgisis®) and porcine epithelial cells on a human amniotic membrane. We have first determined in vitro optimal conditions of matrix cell seeding (0,5x106 cells/cm2 and 106 cells / cm2, respectively - 7 days of culture) and demonstrated the phenotypic stability of the cells on these matrices. Then, in the minipig, we showed that implantation of the hybrid substitute composed of the assembly of the two cellularized matrices, into the great omentum for 2 weeks, was associatec with the proliferation of muscle cells and their penetration into the matrix. Circumferential replacement of the cervical esophagus by this matured substitute, under the cover of an esophageal stent during 6 months, allowed nutritional autonomy. Histological analysis of transplanted areas after sequential sacrifices at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months showed the graduai development of structure resembling esophagus with mature squamous epithelium, submucosal glands and musclelayers. In this model, the circumferential replacement of the cervical esophagus by a hybrid substitute allows nutritional autonomy and tissue remodeling toward an esophageal phenotype
Souron, Jean-Baptiste. "Régénération de la pulpe dentaire par ingénierie tissulaire : mise au point d’une «pulpe équivalente»." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T059/document.
Full textThe dental pulp is prone to severe injuries following a tooth decay or trauma. Conventional recommended therapy is the endodontic treatment, which consists in the removal of all of the dental pulp and filling of the pulp space with an inert material. This treatment leads to a weakening of the tooth and a greater susceptibility to infection.In this work, we have developed an alternative solution, proposing the replacement of the injuried dental pulp by an " pulp equivalent " consisting of mesenchymal stem cells from the pulp seeded in a collagen matrix . We tested this pulp substitut through a model of the molar pulpotomy in rats, ie. the removal of the entire parenchyma of the pulp chamber and preservation of the root vascular network and implantation of the pulp equivalent. Our aim was to determine the fate of pulp stem cells implanted in the tooth by nuclear imaging in the context of developing a cell therapy. The cells were labeled with 111Indium - oxine prior to their implantation. We have shown that the labelling had no effect on the viability and proliferation of pulp cells. The signal tracking was done by single photon emission tomography , coupled with a specific small animal scanner ( NanoSPECT / CT , Bioscan ) weekly for 3 weeks. We demonstrated that the intensity of SPECT signal was directly related to the integrity of the cells, since the lysed labeled cells by isotonic shock showed a rapid decrease in the intensity of labeling . Due to the sensitivity of the chosen imaging method , we have shown the absence of major diffusion cells into the bloodstream from the site of implantation, which could result in a risk of ectopic mineralization related to the implementation of mesenchymal stem cells.Furthermore, the study by histology repair processes and regeneration of the pulp in teeth rat showed abundant proliferation of fibroblast-like cells within the matrix , and the presence of numerous vessels and nerves in matrix cellularized. These results , not observed in the matrices implanted with lysed cells, thus suggesting a feature of the reconstructed tissue and suggested that the pulp cells implanted favored a rapid neovascularization equivalent pulp, presumably by inducing the recruitment of endothelial cells from the residual root vascular network
Paquette, Jean-Sébastien. "Production d'une bronche humaine cultivée par ingénierie tissulaire, un nouveau modèle d'étude de l'asthme." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25698.pdf.
Full textSouron, Jean-Baptiste. "Régénération de la pulpe dentaire par ingénierie tissulaire : mise au point d'une "pulpe équivalente"." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931703.
Full textJacobs, Aurélie. "Dopage et mise en forme de biocéramiques apatitiques pour applications en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC062.
Full textCurrent bone grafting solutions are limited in terms of quantity and quality, that is why the useof synthetic bone substitutes is on development. Managing the risk of infection during theimplantation of a biomaterial is essential, especially with the spread of antibiotic resistance,which represents a major public health problem. It is in this context that this work takes place.For this, bioceramics of biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP), which are bone substitutes ofchoice because of their strong chemical similarity with the mineral part of the bone and theirbiocompatibility, were synthesized by the sol-gel route and by aqueous precipitation. One oftheir particularity is that they can accept ionic substitutions in their composition, which is whydoping with copper ions was carried out, as well as with silver and gold in order to study themechanisms of incorporation of these ions in BCPs. These 3 metallic elements were chosenfor their very interesting antibacterial properties in the context of this study. Copper-dopedBCPs, in the form of powders (sol-gel synthesis) and disks (synthesis by aqueousprecipitation), have been studied to ensure their biocompatibility with human mesenchymalstem cells. Then the antibacterial properties of these materials were evaluated on strains ofclinical interest: S. aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.This work allowed highlighting different mechanisms of ions incorporation, in particular with thepresence of metallic nanoparticles for doping with silver and gold. For copper-doped BCPs,the material synthesis parameters (annealing temperatures and doping rate) influence thebiphasic composition of the materials and the copper release rate. The powders obtained bythe sol-gel route and the disks synthesized by aqueous precipitation do not exhibit anycytotoxicity towards human bone cells after several days of culture. The copper-doped BCPpowders demonstrated antibacterial properties after 24 hours of culture against S. aureus, S.aureus resistant to methicillin, and E. coli and the copper-doped BCP disks showedantibacterial activity against the 4 strains tested
Ducret, Maxime. "Ingénierie tissulaire de la pulpe dentaire : vers le développement d’un médicament de thérapie innovante." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10335/document.
Full textDental research currently explores the potential of cell-based products and tissue engineering protocols to be used as alternatives to usual pulp/dentin and bone therapies. In this context, stem/progenitor cells appear to be particularly appropriate because of their high expansion ability and differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo. If bone marrow and adipose tissue are considered potential sources of stem/progenitor cells, painful collection protocols, the decline of the amount of stem/ progenitor cells with age, the necessity of general anesthesia, reduced proliferation capacity, and risk of morbidity at the collection site encourage the search for alternative candidates. Human impacted third molars are frequently removed for therapeutic reasons and the loose connective tissue they contain, the dental pulp, appears to be a valuable source of stem/progenitor cells for pulp/dentin and bone engineering. Indeed, it contains various cell populations that exhibit osteo/odontoblastic differentiation capabilities and that can be cryopreserved for periods of time greater than 6 months. Interestingly, human dental pulp cell (HDPC) populations were recently successfully used for regenerating human pulp/dentin and bone. Cell-based products for tissue engineering are now referred to as human cellular tissue-based products or advanced therapy medicinal products, and guidelines from the American Code of Federal Regulation of the Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR Part 1271) and the European Medicines Agency (European Directive 1394/2007) define requirements for appropriate cell production. These ‘‘good manufacturing practices’’ include recommendations regarding laboratory cell culture procedures to ensure optimal reproducibility, efficacy, and safety of the final medicinal product
Toure, Amadou. "Contribution au développement de substituts osseux auto-réticulants en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse maxillo-faciale." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1044/document.
Full textCranio-maxillofacial bone loss requires rehabilitation of the manducatory functions and aesthetics. Autologous bone graft (ABG) remains the gold standard but may be associated with donor site morbidity; hence the need for an alternative. The use of bone tissue engineering (BTE) products remains a challenge for clinicians and researchers.Their success depends essentially on the interaction between the biomaterial and the morphogens used. BTE strategies, mediated by BMP2, have limitations. To remedy this, different protein delivery systems are studied or tested. This work contributes to the development of a self-crosslinking bone substitute (SCBS), improving the local efficiency of BMP2 and the regeneration of bone loss. Therefor, we develop a composite biomaterial consisting of two phases, calcium phosphate granules (BCP) and a silanized hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose hydrogel (Si-HPMC). The hypothesis is that the gradual release of BMP2 induces bone regeneration without causing any undesirable effects. The results obtained make it possible to consider this composite biomaterial as a promising alternative to grafting. Additional investigations, for better efficiency and safety, are needed for a transfer to human clinic
Flégeau, Killian. "Développement et caractérisation d'hydrogels d'acide hyaluronique auto-réticulants injectables en ingénierie tissulaire du squelette." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1003.
Full textIn many situations, graft transplantation is the only solution to treat damaged skeletal tissues resulting from injuries or degenerative diseases. Yet, these grafts are associ ated with severe limitations, thus representing a huge hurdle for public health. In this context, regenerative medicine, aiming at restoring damaged tissues through the use of cells or biologics, offer a promising alternative. However, these promises are l ate being translated to successful clinical applications as cell death during injection and improver delivery of therapeutic agents affect their efficacy. To overcome these limitations, injectable hydrogels have been proposed as an emerging alternative , ab le to encapsulate and protect cells or biologics from the environment. In this context, this thesis aims at developing injectable hydrogels as scaffolds able to favor tissue regeneration. These hydrogels are formed through a self - setting covalent network o f silanized hyaluronic acid macromolecules. These scaffolds are injectable and can protect cells against shear stresses during injection. By controlling the network density, it was shown that hydrogels properties and in vivo behavior could be adapted to ma tch those of native tissues. In addition, their association with calcium phosphate granules was proved to be very effective in triggering bone regeneration. All in all, these hydrogels offer promising outcomes to regenerate damaged tissues in tissue engine ering or 3D printing applications
Grellier, Adeline Maritie. "La communication ostéo-endothéliale : application en ingénierie du tissu osseux." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21560.
Full textBone development and remodelling are dependant on a tight cell cooperation between osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell types, responsible for bone formation and degradation, respectively. Angiogenesis is also a key process involved in these mechanisms and cell communication between osseous and endothelial cells is fundamental This work aims to study the cell communication between human osteoprogenitors (HOPs) arising from bone marrow and human endothelial cells (human umbilical cord endothelial cells : HUVECs). This osteo-endothelial communication was analysed using a well defined in vitro co-culture model in 2D but also into a 3D system into alginate microsphères which were then implanted in vivo in a bone defect in nude mice. In a first part, the HOPs were submitted to a mechanical stress which is an important parameter for the physiology of bone. Their ability to regulate their phenotype was demonstrated under shear stress. In co-culture wuth HUVECs, the phenotype was regulated and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor seems to be involved in this regulation. The endothelial phenotype was also regulated in co-culture since HUVECs migration led to a tubular-like cell rearrangement. Into alginate microspheres cultured in vitro, the HUVECs stimulated the osteoblastic phenotype of HOPs. Moreover, after implantation in a bone defect in vivo, the HUVECs enhanced the HOP-induced mineralization. This work shows that the cells are able to communicate and seems promising for the development of new tissue engineering strategies
Tu, Xiaolong. "Fabrication et étude de scaffolds multidimensionnels pour l'ingénierie cellulaire et tissulaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE045/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to develop a method of engineering multi-dimensional scaffolds for cell culture and tissue formation. We firstly applied a 3D printing technique to produce the designed frame in PEGDA and then filled the free-space of the frame with a gelatin gel. After freezing and drying, a hybrid 3D scaffold made of gelatin porous structures and PEDGA backbone was obtained, which supported culture and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. To more easily integrate into a microfluidic device, we also designed a 2D scaffold in form of a thin layer of honeycomb frame of PEGDA and self-assembled porous structure of PCL. Such a patch form scaffold could be used for cell culture and gene transfection, showing advantages over the conventional methods in terms of nutrients and soluble factors uptake. Finally, we fabricated a soft patch made of an elastic frame in PDMS and a monolayer of gelatin nanofibers to facilitate cardiac differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells. As expected, we achieved a cardiac generation with higher contraction strength and a higher beating homogeneity comparing to the conventional approaches. All together, we demonstrated the utility of hybrid scaffolds for micro-tissue engineering which could impact the future studies in the fields of tissue engineering, drug screening and regenerative medicine
Baumert, Hervé. "Ingénierie tissulaire de structures différenciées et vascularisées à des fins de remplacement vésical ou urétéral." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T055.
Full textCurrent surgical techniques for bladder or ureteral replacement or repair use digestive segments. The use of these digestive segments can lead to surgical, metabolic, infectious, stone related or oncological complications. Creation of neo tissue with the same physiological characteristics by tissue engineering techniques could avoid such complications. We developed a tissue engineering technique in a pig model, that allowed us to obtain tissue to use in a neo bladder. We used seeded scaffolds from cells obtained from primary cultures, which were transferred into the omentum for in vivo maturation and vascularisation. This original model of an in vivo bioreactor allowed us to obtain a well vascularised and contractile neo bladder composed by differentiated urothelial and smooth muscle fibres. This same technique allowed us to obtain for the first time in an animal, a neo ureter with terminal differentiated urothelium that is essential for a functional ureter. Finally, we verified that this technique could be used by laparoscopy without the negative impacts of carbon dioxide on the constructed tissue. Optic and electronic microscopy evaluation showed that the neo ureter was well vascularized and differentiated
Mathieu, Éva. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques de l'infarctus du myocarde : cellules souches mésenchymateuses et ingénierie tissulaire et cellulaire." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5aba3c45-c8ee-4701-964a-f458a4111975.
Full textThe objective of this study was to develop strategies of tissue and cell engineering to optmize the effects of stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). We demonstrated that the intramyocardial injection of a self-setting silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) preserve cardiac function and attenuate left ventricular (LV) remodeling during an 8-week follow-up study in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). To improve our understanding of the molecular events involved in cardiac physiopathology, we have developed a 3D model of cultured neonatal murine cardiomyocytes within Si-HPMC. We showed that the Si-HPMC hydrogel was cytocompatible with neonatal murine CM and the Si-HPMC allowed the three dimensional culture of functional beating CM. Finally, to obtain functional beating CM we were interested in deciphering whether the direct reprogramming of MSC by gene transfer could give rise to CM. We showed in vitro that the expression of two cardiogenic transcription factors (TF), Nkx2. 5 and Gata-4, induced a change in the expression of some other cardiac TF, but was not sufficient to induce a differentiation of MSC in CM. Our works highlight the interest of using tissue and cell engineering to IDMprove the efficiency of cardiac regeneration. The development of this promising new approach should allow improving survival, differentiation and integration of cells in cardiac tissue to allow a myocardial regeneration after MI
Vaquette, Cédryck. "Élaboration et caractérisation de structures tridimensionnelles pour l'ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL002N/document.
Full textTissue engineering is a pluridisciplinary domain aiming at elaborating biological autologous prosthesis. In this strategy, the fabrication of structures, called scaffolds, used for cell culture is necessary. We developed several fabrication techniques of these three-dimensional structures. The first technique (solvent casting/particulate leaching out), involving a polymer solution and spherolized glucose particles, allows the elaboration of scaffolds, owing spherical and well interconnected pores. We showed that the scaffolds are biocompatible and that their mechanical properties in compression can be adjusted. The second technique, electrospinning, leads to the elaboration of biocompatible fibrous membranes whose fiber diameter can be controlled from 800 nm to several micrometers. The third technique of scaffold fabrication proceeds by the elaboration of knitted scaffolds from suture threads. The knitted scaffolds are highly porous and their tensile behavior is similar, in its shape, to the ligaments and tendons stress-strain curves. Using knitting and electrospinning, it has been possible to fabricate knitted scaffolds where aligned microfibers are deposited on their surface. This innovative process allows an easy and efficient cell seeding and we showed that cells are orientated along the fibers, mimicking thus tendons and ligaments morphology. In the future, theses scaffolds will be used in a bioreactor where cyclic traction and torsion will be applied. The aligned microfibers will be able to fully transmit the deformation to the cells, stimulating by this mean the extracellular matrix synthesis
Maisani, Mathieu. "Conception et développement d’hydrogels pour l’ingénierie tissulaire appliquée au tissu osseux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0667/document.
Full textNew strategies to overcome the clinical limitations of current techniques for bone defect filling and regeneration has led to the involvement of bone tissue engineering. Indeed, strategies based on tissue engineering techniques seem to be an alternative to the use of grafts and thus to defeat their limits. The approach employed in this thesis consists in development and use of hydrogels as scaffold materials for bone defect filling and regeneration. There are many approaches that also use hydrogels, each one with its advantages and limitations. In this context, our work consisted in the use of a non-polymeric hydrogel as basic material in the development of strategies for bone tissue engineering. Briefly, several cell types are present within bone tissue and will participate in the processes of bone formation and regeneration. The objective of our strategies was the contribution of exogenous stem cells and then their differentiation into osteogenic cells or the recruitment and differentiation of the host cells into osteogenic cells within the material. The GNF gel was used as a three-dimensional matrix considering its properties of injectability, gelation in the absence of toxic crosslinking agent and its osteoinductive potential. The goal was to develop strategies for bone tissue engineering by combining the GNF gel with a natural matrix of cellular collagen or bioactive molecules to promote the regeneration of bone lesions. This work allowed to develop and characterize strategies relevant to the regeneration of bone lesions based on the use of hydrogels
Fioretti, Florence. "Contribution à l'étude de cellules humaines mésenchymateuses à des fins de reconstruction tissulaire." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05M001.
Full textIn this work, conducted mainly on three dimensional culture (collagen lattice), we demonstrated that human dermal and gingival fibroblasts as well as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human bone marrow were able to remodel the matrix in which they were incorporated. MSCs, dermal and gingival fibroblasts act in a similar way concerning macromolecules expression and synthesis (collagen types I,III, fibrillin-1), metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1, TIMP2). Furthermore, in our hands, MSCs adopt a fibroblasts / myofibroblasts like phenotype, and thus can be considered a useful cellular source to build in vitro dermal or gingival equivalent tissue. Such a tissue equivalent after keratinocytes seeding could be beneficial with parents after trauma for exemple large burns or with patients suffering from epidermolysis for whom tissular lesions wear down the vital prognosis. Lastly, these bioengineered tissues containing appropriate cell number characteristic of a given tissue are a powerful tool for studying molecular and cellular mecanisms bring into play for exemple during phases of tissue regeneration after wound healin
Wang, Yun. "Intérêt des cellules souches mésenchymateuses en ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage : effets des stimuli mécaniques et biochimiques." Nancy 1, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2007_0163_WANG.pdf.
Full textCartilage tissue engineering could lead to reconstruct a re-implantable neo-cartilage by using cells such as chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in a scaffold. Different mechanical and biochemical factors play an essential role in this process as well. The aim of this study was to investigate firstly, the influence of monolayer expansion of human chondrocytes and MSCs on the cell phenotype. Secondly, the cellular responses of chondrocytes and MSCs to mechanical stimulations (agitation and intermittent dynamic compression) as well as to biochemical stimulations (TGF-pl and BMP-2) have been examined in an alginatelHA hydrogel. Our results showed that notable dedifferentiation of chondrocytes has occurred from passage 2, while MSCs have still kept their undifferentiated phenotype until passage 5. Ln addition, the application of these mechanical strains and growth factors has been demonstrated to improve metabolic activity, cell proliferation, chondrogenic gene expression as well as synthesis of cartilaginous matrix. These effects are closely related to the mechanical parameters (duration, frequency) and the cell type. AlI of these results suggested that the control of culture conditions and the application of mechanical strains as well as growth factors could modulate the differentiation state and the chondrogenesis
Zhang, Hongyuan. "Fonctionnalisation et caractérisation multi-échelle de films minces de chitosane : vers une utilisation en ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0366/document.
Full textThis work focused on functionalized chitosan thin films in the bulk and/or on the surface by nanoliposomes based on natural lecithin (plant and marine) and plasma treatment. Various techniques were used for physicochemical properties analysis of functionalized thin films. The results showed that by adding the nanoliposomes into the chitosan scaffold, the surface wettability of thin films increased from 18 % to 36 %. The crystallinity degree was slightly improved in blend thin films. Any new bond was determined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which confirmed that there is no chemical interaction between the nanoliposomes and chitosan. The Young’s modulus of blend thin films deceased from 6 GPa to 5 GPa. The morphological, nanomechanical properties and adhesion force of each scaffold system determined by Scanning Probe Microscopy (HarmoniXTM mode) showed that the fish nanoliposomes/chitosan thin film had the most similar properties compared to the pure chitosan thin film. The surface of chitosane films and nanoliposomes/chitosane blend films were modified by the plasma treatment. Functional groups (amine groups, C-O, COOH, -OH) are grafted onto the surface enhancing thus the surface energy of the films. But the hydrogen bonds between the polar groups introduced by the treatment can be destroyed after a given time; the author proposed that the functionalization in the bulk by adding of nanoliposomes provided more stable and greater possibility of new materials producing than the functionalization at the surface by plasma treatment for potential tissue engineering application. Then, in vitro biocompatibility preliminary study was carried using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs); and in vitro biodegradability study was tested in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) mixed with 10 mg/L lysozyme. The films of chitosan functionalized by salmon nanoliposomes showed more interesting as matrix extracellular for regenerative medicine applications because of their physico-chemical properties, low cytotoxicity and the stability inside the PBS and lysozyme solutions
Hamdan, Ahmad. "Effets de dérivés sanguins sur le comportement de cellules ostéogéniques en culture : applications en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA07G001.
Full textTissue engineering is a new domain developed in the aim of restoring, replacing or maintaining biological functions and tissue integrity. H implies the seeding of stem cells on 3D scaffolds in the presence of proper signaling molecules to promote cellular activity. The use of autologous products is preferred, when possible, in order to avoid ail risk associated with the use of allogenous or xenogenous products. Blood derivatives represent a potential autologous source for growth factors as well as other moiecules that couid be used in tissue engineering. Our objective was to evaluate, in an in vitro model, the effects of 2 blood derivatives on the behavior of rat calvaria osteoblastic cells. In the first part, we evaluated the effects of a homologous serum on osteoblastic ce11 proliferation and differentiation. In the second part of this work, we studied the in vitro effects of a new 3D scaffold of blood origin, globin, on osteoblastic cells. Our results show that these 2 blood derivatives are capable of stimulating osteoblastic cell activity and could find, in the future, clinical applications in the field of human bone tissue engineering
Magnan, Laure. "Développement, par ingénierie tissulaire, d’un substitut vasculaire entièrement biologique et humain grâce à l’utilisation d’une approche textile." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0284.
Full textWhen autologous blood vessels are not available for bypass surgery, synthetic grafts are used but display high failure rates. Indeed, despite their good mechanical properties, their synthetic surface lead to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, which cause poor long-term patency in many applications. Using tissue engineering, completely biological and human vascular grafts have been produced by rolling sheets of extracellular matrix synthesized by dermal human fibroblasts in vitro. Using a new assembly technique based on a textile approach, grafts were produced three-time faster. To do so, sheets were cut into yarns to construct vascular substitute by weaving. This manuscript includes three articles. The first one aimed at showing the rich composition of the matrix, describing the organization of its complex network of collagens and demonstrating that the devitalization by drying the matrix did not significantly affect this organization. The second one described the mechanical properties of the yarns depending on the twisting, matrix age or different treatments useful for the manufacturing process. It also demonstrated some of the assembly techniques possible with this human yarn, as well as its possible use as a suture or to build a vascular graft. The third article showed the survival of the yarns subcutaneously implanted for 6 month in nude rats. The implants created little inflammatory response, were mildly remodeled and kept a significant mechanical strength. Decellularization did not show results improvement compared to the simple devitalization, demonstrating that the remaining cellular fragments were not a meaningful activator of the innate immune system. To conclude, this thesis is the first demonstration of the production of human textiles, without using any exogenous material and that are mechanically very strong. Both the devitalization and the textile approach have allowed to create a simpler allogeneic model, faster and cheaper but with an intact potential of integration in vivo, that will be studied very soon with a long-term implantation of the textile in the bloodstream
Denost, Quentin. "Ingénierie tissulaire en chirurgie colorectale : du défect pariétal au remplacement d’organe : étude in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0188/document.
Full textTissue engineering is a new tool in colorectal surgery for the prevention and treatment of fistula and rectalsphincter substitution after surgery for resection. This work includes:1) The selection of the matrix component : in vivo, 2 matrices were compared in 16 rabbits: Group A, matrixof decellularized swine intestinal submucosa (SIS, BioDesign ®), or reference matrix; Group B, a three layersmatrix of Chitosan hydrogel, or new matrix. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. At 8 weeks, earlierepithelial regeneration, better control of the inflammatory response with a lower fibrosis report and obtainingof some islets of smooth muscle cells are obtained in the B group.2) The conception of an optimal delivering cells system: in vitro, fibrin and Chitosan were combined accordingto different formulations for Select a composite gel fibrin-Chitosan, characterized by mechanical tests, viabilityand cellular proliferation and the study of its ultrastructure.3) Their combination: vivo, in lieu of a colonic wall defect, we compared, in 20 pigs, acellular Chtiosan matrixto Chitosan matrix cellularized by autologous stromal vascular fraction isolated and contained in the gelcomposite Chitosan-fibrin. At 8 weeks, a full mucosal recovery was observed in the 2 groups with recovery adintegrum of the colonic walls, including smooth muscle cells confirmed by immunohistochemistery. Thefiborsis ratio was significantly lower in the cellularized group (15% vs. 50%, p = 0, 01). Finally, a cellularizedmatrix of circumferential Chitosan has successfully implanted to replace a colonic defect of 2 cm in length in3 pigs success. With end points such as technical feasibility, matrix behavior and quality of tissueregeneration, Chitosan has a major interest for the Colorectal tissue regeneration
Lerouxel, Emmanuelle. "Phosphates de calcium et cellules autologues : base d'une ingénierie tissulaire pour la reconstruction osseuse en territoire irradié." Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=bc057180-d0dc-4d31-8f81-a716260ff382.
Full textTreatment of most forms of squamous cell carcinoma requires surgical procedures and high dose irradiation, which often produce major esthetic and functional injuries in the maxillofacial area. Radiotherapy produces irreversible side-effects on bone, involving damages to its reparation properties and complications such as infections, healing delays and osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Synthetic biphasic Calcium Phosphates (CaP) have been used extensively as bone substitutes in maxillofacial and dental applications as alternatives to autologous bone without irradiation. The aim of this rat study was to determine the influence on osseous repair of autologous cells grafts, bone marrow (BM) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), added to CaP ceramics, used as granules or injectable form, in previously irradiated bone. The development of an animal model of localized ORN has been previously developed. Ceramics were biotolerated, yet with low osteoconductive properties in irradiated bone. The BM grafts led to a significant increase in bone in growth in the irradiated areas. BM or adipose tissue derived MSC were not able to enhance bone ingrowth in irradiated osseous defects. These results could be explained by BM resources in cells and in growth factors indispensable for osseous repair. These results allow to highlight the interest of bone substitution by association of CaP ceramics and BM grafts in irradiated bone. Further studies will have to assess the role of grafted cells in osteogenesis and neoangiogenesis. This study allows also to foresee ORN treatment with tissue engineered materials
Boukhechba, Florian. "Développement de modèles pour l'étude de la formation osseuse en culture tridimensionnelle et en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4086.
Full textThree-dimensional culture (3D) of bone cells and bone tissue engineering are both based on the use of scaffolds to convey osteogenic cells and obtain in vitro and in vivo bone formation respectively. 3D culture is an important field in cell biology, dedicated to reduce the gap between two-dimensional culture and complex tissue architecture. Many works have described various scaffolds as support for the 3D culture of bone cells but in two studies only the presence of osteocyte-like cells have been detected after very long periods of culture. I have engineered an original model of 3D culture in which human primary osteoblasts are seeded within the interspace of calibrated biphasic calcium phosphate particles (BCP). This system results, after one week, in the development of an osteoid matrix and the spontaneous differentiation of the osteoblasts in osteocytes. This model of primary osteocyte differentiation in 3D is a new tool to gain insights into the biology of osteocytes, which compose over 90-95% of bone cells but are difficult to study due to their accessibility and the very rare models available in vitro. The aim of bone tissue engineering is to regenerate the bone stock through a combination of scaffolds, osteogenic factors and / or osteogenic cells. The majority of the studied in this field advocates the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) but the mechanism of action of these cells is still poorly documented. Based on the use of BCP particles, I have participated to the development of a new bone substitute, which has been patented in our laboratory. I have used this new biomaterial as a vehicle for mouse MSC in a model of ectopic bone formation. Using a method of quantitative tracking of the implanted cells, I have shown that the implanted MSC disappeared very quickly from the implants whereas host cells were progressively recruited suggesting that host cells are responsible for the bone formation. We have concluded that, in this model, MSC play a chemotactic function towards host cells. A preliminary study of the putative molecules involved in this phenomenon was performed with the aim of proposing a new
Ignat, Cristina Mihaela. "Compatibilité et co-structuration dans des systèmes contenant des scléroprotéines et des polysaccharides." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3017/document.
Full textObtaining "cyto-favourable" substrates able to support tissue regeneration leads to use biomaterials holding cellular recognition domains, as scleroproteins and some polysaccharides as examples. Cellules membranes specific to conjunctive tissues have mechanisms making easier the anchoring to solid or gel substrates where macromolecules or fibrils of (aceto)collagen, associated or not to hyaluronic acid, are found. Such substrates may be generated using spontaneous molecular gathering (as in native collagen restructuration to fibrils), or physico-chemically induced (as the preparation of mixed hydrogels then transformed in cryo- or vitri-gels). In this thesis, were studied the obtaining and purification of bio-macromolecular presursors necessary to obtaining "cyto-favourable" substrates, and the procedures to generate and characterize them. Used restructuration methods are of physico-chemical nature (controlled co-precipitation in binary and ternary mixtures of acetocollagen and sodium hyaluronate) or chemical one (crosslinking).The mixture of acetocolagen (aK) with two polysaccharides, sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal) and gellan were investigated. Formulations and optimal conditions were established to obtain hydrogels with controlled rheological characteristics, and reactivity and morphology able to allow fibroplast fixation and proliferation. Hydrogels and cryogels prepared from 5:1 aK:NaHyal crosslinked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether were defined as the best materials we have prepared. They do not show any cytotoxicity and they ensure the cellular viability within standard cellule culture media. The cryogel morphology shows macro-porosity depending on the formulation but a few on the obtaining process. The presence of gellan in the mixtures leads to a phase separation, even at low concentration
Boura, Cédric. "Intérêts des films minces multicouches de polyélectrolytes dans la conception de substituts vasculaires." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0234_BOURA.pdf.
Full textThébaud-Aubry, Noélie-Brunehilde. "Cellules endothéliales issues de progéniteurs humains : des acteurs pertinents en ingénierie vasculaire ?" Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21614/document.
Full textThe incidence of atherosclerotic arterial disease is still a major public health problem and despite endovascular surgery therapies, surgical treatment is necessary for many patients. Vascular bypass is performed with an autologous vein which remains the gold standard, or when patients do not have appropriate blood vessels to be used as replacement, with a synthetic prosthesis. Nowadays, synthetic vascular grafts have been successfully used in the treatment of the pathology of large arteries, but the replacement of the smaller sized arteries is still a challenge because synthetic vascular grafts are known to be highly thrombogenic and have poor mechanical properties. Recently, the tissue engineering concept has emerged and advances. It can allow to propose development of new hybrid or biologic vascular substitutes, using stem cells and progenitor cells, holding great promise for vascular tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to obtain reliably and reproducibly, cells with mature endothelial phenotype from endothelial progenitor cells isolated from human bone marrow and peripheral blood and investigate cell response in conditions similar to those observed in a native vessel. We were able to expand cells (PDECs: Progenitor Derived Endothelial Cells) from progenitors which exhibit markers conventionally used to define mature endothelial cells. They were able, on scaffolds currently used in clinic like collagen type I and fibrin glue or on more experimental scaffold (Polyelectrolytes multilayers films), to form a confluent monolayer. These PDECs are able to withstand arterial shear stress and analysis of genes and proteins implicated in endothelium biology shows that these cells respond to shear stress stimulation with a phenotype connected to an anti-thrombogenic activity. Moreover, preliminary studies using co-cultures of PDECs and osteoblastic progenitors, open interesting perspectives concerning PDECs to be used in the field of vascularized bone tissue engineering
Nait, Lechguer Adnane. "Ingénierie de l'organe dentaire à partir de cellules dissociées : morphogénèse coronaire, vascularisation et innervation." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/NAIT_LECHGUER_Adnane_2010.pdf.
Full textShafy, Abdel. "Nouveaux traitements de l'insuffisance cardiaque : de la pharmacologie aux cellules souches et à l'ingénierie tissulaire." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T084.
Full textYe, Junsong. "Ingénierie tissulaire hépatique à partir du foie décellularisé et de cellules souches mésenchymateuses de la gelée de Wharton." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0127/document.
Full textThere are over 100 forms of liver diseases caused by various factors and affecting a lot of people. Unfortunately, the only treatment of a terminal liver disease is liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation often fails because of the deficit in human liver donors. Recently, a new innovative alternative for treating end-stage liver disease appears: self-built organ. In liver tissue engineering the source of cells, the decellularized liver scaffold and circular culture bioreactor, are essential factors to be taken into account. The objective of this thesis is to study two steps needed for the development of an artificial liver : cells and organ decellularization. In the first stage, we collected and characterize Wharton’s-Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs), and their differentiation potential into hepatocytes. In the second stage of the work, we developed a method for liver decellularization. We were able to get acellular scaffolds by continuous perfusion with 1% SDS and Triton X100 1%. In conclusion, this study shows the capability of WJ-MSC to be differentiated into hepatocytes and the feasibility to obtain acellular livers. That open perspectives toward the development of an artificial liver and the treatment of liver diseases
Norotte, Cyrille. "De la biologie du développement à l'ingénierie tissulaire : impression de vaisseaux sanguins." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066717.
Full textGalois, Laurent. "Bioingénierie du cartilage et arthrose expérimentale." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0236_GALOIS.pdf.
Full textSladkova, Martina. "Contributions to the optimisation of the osteogenic Potential of human mesenchymal stem cells seeded on Carbonate calcium scaffold : in vitro and in vivo studies." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077043.
Full textTissue engineering (te) aims at obtaining functional tissues by combining cells with a scaffold. Because of their expansion potential, ability to differentiate into various phenotypes, paracrine effects, and immune-modulatory properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (mscs) are a very promising cell type for repairing damaged bone. The efficacy of te in experimental and clinical studies, however, has been less than optimal and remains inferior to that of autologous bone grafts, the gold standard. The present thesis was designed to better understand and optimize the osteogenic potential of such tissue constructs. First, we studied the effect of fluid flow application on the proliferation and differentiation of hmscs and mesodermal progenitors derived from the human embryonic stem cell line (hes-mps) loaded onto coral cubes and cultivated in a bioreactor. Then, we evaluated in an ectopic mouse model the osteogenic potential of hmscs/coral constructs cultured in the bioreactor. Surprisingly, these tissue constructs were not osteogenic. We hypothesized that scaffold size was not optimal for hmscs to express their osteogenic potential. We therefore evaluated the effect of the size of coral particles on the osteogenic potential of hmscs. In this ectopic model, the osteogenic-and hematopoietic-inductive potentials of hmscs were directly dependent on the particle size. Moreover, bone formation was not prevented by massive death of hmscs post-implantation. Last but not least, the detailed histological and micro-ct analysis showed that both the inter-particular distance and coral resorption were critical parameters of the osteogenic-and hematopoietic-inductive potentials of HCSMS
Moya, Adrien. "Stratégies pour améliorer la fonctionnalité des cellules souches multipotentes dérivées du stroma de la moelle osseuse en ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC209/document.
Full textBone marrow stromal derived multipotent stem cells (MSCs) are most suited cells for tissue engineering applications. Nowadays, numerous clinical trials use these MSCs in order to develop new innovative therapies. In the present work, we developed two preconditioning strategies with the aim of improving MSCs functionality for bone tissue engineering. Massive cell death upon implantation drastically reduces the potentials benefits of such MSCs- based therapies. The ischemic hostile environment that cells faces upon implantation is, not the sole, but surely the prime factor responsible for this cell-death. The first strategy aimed at improving hMSCs survival in ischemic conditions. We were able to demonstrate that a quiescence preconditioning induces a modification in the hMSCs metabolic profile thus improving their survival for as long as 14 days in an in vitro ischemic model and 7 days in vivo. This modification is characterized by (i) a shift from an OXPHOS- dependent metabolism towards a glycolytic metabolism, and (ii) activation of pro-survival pathways via mTORC1 inhibition and autophagy activation. The second strategy was to induce a pro-osteogenic phenotype likely favorable for bone formation. To this aim, hMSCs were predifferentiated toward the adipogenic lineage (AD); an hMSCs lineage known to be closely related to the osteogenic one. It appears that predifferentiated hMSCs (AD+) are not only committed towards the adipogenic lineage but also towards the osteogenic one. These hMSCs-AD+ exhibit enhanced direct and paracrine pro-osteogenic potentials, as a result, they are capable of inducing bone tissue formation 5-times more in vivo. These two strategies might enhance the therapeutic outcomes of MSCs-based products for bone tissue engineering applications
Bouyer, Charlène. "Manipulations acoustiques de cellules pour l'ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10297/document.
Full textGenetic or physical cells manipulation aspires to be new challenges in tissue engineering. Current technologies to generate tissues, such as micro-scale hydrogels (microgel) assembly, scaffold seeding, molding or bio-printing suffer from the difficulty to control cells organization, multi-steps time consuming procedures and/or potentially cytotoxic side effects. In this PhD, we aimed at developing cell-friendly and rapid techniques, easily transferable to biological laboratories, for two broadly challenging applications: bone healing and neural tissue engineering, for which the above-mentioned techniques cannot yet provide widely reliable models. In case of a bone critical size defect, external help is often needed for bone healing, and gold-standard for care is bone autograft. Alternatively, the fracture healing process can be stimulated and restored by the implantation at the fracture site of hydrogels embedding growth factors. Both technologies suffer however from side effects such as donor site morbidity or cells over-proliferation in the hydrogel proximity. Moreover, the kinetic of growth factors release cannot be temporally controlled. In this work, we aim at developing an alternative method using ultrasound to spatially and temporally control growth factors release within a biocompatible material: fibrin hydrogels. Towards this goal, we encapsulated, in lipoplexes, plasmids that are under the control of a heat-shock promoter. We then transfected cells, stimulate the production of the targeted protein by heat shock and reported its expression. We also optimized an encapsulation protocol for cells within fibrin gels. This proof of concept demonstrates the feasibility of transfection by lipoplexes with a plasmid under control of heat shock, and pave the way for future developments of in situ transfection of autologous cells, for a tight temporal and spatial control of therapeutic proteins expression using ultrasound-induced hyperthermia
Kökten, Tunay. "L'innervation en ingénierie dentaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ073/document.
Full textOur biomimetic approach allowed the regeneration of a whole tooth. Using embryonic dental cells, a two-steps protocol allowed crown formation in vitro and, after implantation, functional cells differentiation, initiation of root formation and tooth vascularization. However, the teeth were not innervated, which led to complementary experiments:- The co-implantation of cell re-associations with a trigeminal ganglion allowed axonal growth around the forming teeth, but not in the dental mesenchyme. - To try to solve this point, axonal regeneration was tested in immunodepressed conditions, using cyclosporin A (CsA). In these conditions, nerve fibers entered the dental pulp and reached odontoblasts. However, CsA shows multiple effects, including direct ones on nerve growth. - Co-implantations were performed in immunocompromised Nude mice allowed axons to reach the odontoblast layer, thus showing that immunomodulation is sufficient.- Axons in the dental mesenchyme interfere with several functions by interacting with neighbor cells. Relationships between axons and other cells (odontoblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes and glial cells) were analyzed in the peridental and dental mesenchymes of implanted reassociations and compared to the physiological situation in developing molars at similar stage. This work describes conditions allowing the innervation of engineered teeth. Preliminary encouraging attempts have been made to replace CsA by using stem cells