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Gentilhomme, O. J. P. "Turbine rim seal ingestion." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405976.
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Simões, Fernanda de Souza Britto. "Terminação de cordeiros suplementados em pastagem de tifton-85 ou confinados com dieta de alto grão." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10877.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThis study was conducted at Sheep Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), and to evaluate nutrient intake, performance, feeding behavior, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Tifton-85 pasture (Chapter I) as well as carcass characteristics, tissue composition and non-carcass of lambs weaned constituents finished in different feeding systems (Chapter II). Twenty-six male, weaned, castrated lambs cross-bred from Texel and Ile de France breeds were used. The treatments were the following: T1 - Containment: Concentrate + Tifton 85 hay (ad libitum) (CONF); T2 - Tifton-85 pasture + concentrate (ad libitum) (PSA) and T3 - Tifton-85 pasture + concentrate (1.0% body weight) (PSR). The animals were slaughtered when they reached the body condition (BC) pre-established 3.0. The consumption, performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, the commercial cuts and non-carcass of the lambs were influenced (P<0.05) by different feeding systems. In treatments where the energy level in the diet was higher (CONF and PSA) animals showed DM, OM and CP higher, but lower NDF (P<0.05). Performed better (P<0.05). But the feeding behavior of the parameters of the lambs have changed (P<0.05) through the lower intake of NDF, but without compromising the rumination activity. Also showed superiority (P <0.05) on carcass traits, heavier commercial cuts (P<0.05) and the least developed gastrointestinal tract (P<0.05) compared to the lambs of PSR. However, the body measurements in vivo and on carcass, the tissue composition of the palette and the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Tifton-85 pasture were not affected (P>0.05) by different systems terminus, except for the conformation and leg width (P<0.05) in lambs PSR. Thus, the confinement, the pasture with supplementation ad libitum or restricted characterized as viable alternatives of technical and productive point of view for finishing lambs weaned. Introducing potential for production carcasses with excellent quality, meeting the demands of actual consumer market.
O presente estudo foi conduzido no Laboratório de Ovinocultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), tendo por objetivo avaliar o consumo de nutrientes, o desempenho, o comportamento ingestivo, as características quanti-qualitativas da pastagem de tifton-85 (capítulo I), assim como, as características da carcaça, a composição tecidual e os constituintes não-carcaça de cordeiros desmamados terminados em diferentes sistemas de alimentação (capítulo II). Foram utilizados 26 cordeiros, desmamados, machos castrados, cruza Texel x Ile de France. Os tratamentos foram: T1 Confinamento: Concentrado + Feno de tifton-85 (ad libitum) (CONF), T2 Pastagem cultivada de tifton-85 + Concentrado (ad libitum) (PSA) e T3 Pastagem cultivada de tifton-85 + Concentrado (1,0% do peso corporal) (PSR). Os animais foram abatidos quando atingiram a condição corporal (CC) pré-estabelecida 3,0. O consumo, o desempenho, o comportamento ingestivo, as características de carcaça, os cortes comerciais e os constituintes não-carcaça dos cordeiros foram influenciados (P<0,05) pelos distintos sistemas de alimentação. Nos tratamentos onde o nível energético na dieta foi superior (CONF e PSA) os animais apresentaram consumo de MS, MO e PB superior, mas inferior de FDN (P<0,05). Obtiveram melhor desempenho (P<0,05). Porém os parâmetros do comportamento ingestivo dos cordeiros foram alterados (P<0,05), através do menor consumo de FDN, mas sem comprometer a atividade de ruminação. Também apresentaram superioridade (P<0,05) nas características de carcaça, cortes comerciais mais pesados (P<0,05) e o trato gastrintestinal menos desenvolvido (P<0,05) em relação aos cordeiros da PSR. No entanto, as medidas corporais in vivo e na carcaça, a composição tecidual da paleta e as características quanti-qualitativas (P>0,05) da pastagem de tifton-85 não foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pelos diferentes sistemas de terminação, com exceção a conformação e largura de perna (P<0,05) para os cordeiros da PSR. Desta forma, o confinamento, a pastagem com suplementação à vontade ou restrita caracterizam-se como alternativas viáveis do ponto de vista técnico e produtivo para terminação de cordeiros desmamados. Apresentando potencial para produção de carcaças com excelente qualidade, atendendo as demandas do mercado consumidor atual.
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Williams, John Charles. "Water ingestion in jet engines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265455.
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Civil aircraft engines are required to operate reliably in a variety of inclement weather situations. Ingestion of airborne water has been found to cause problems for certain engine types, particularly during aircraft descent at low engine power settings. The effects of water ingestion under these engine operating conditions are not well understood. It is believed that the engine pe1formance is largely dete1mined by the behaviour of liquid water in the core compression system. A programme of experimental and theoretical research has therefore been undertaken to investigate the effects of water ingestion on an axial flow compressor operating at low speed, in isolation from other engine components. Experimental studies have been conducted using a low-speed, four-stage axial flow laboratory compressor, modified to facilitate injection of water through spray nozzles fitted at the inlet. In the process, new methods were developed for the reliable measurement of static pressure in a wet environment. Compressor pe1formance changes were quantified by measming the overall total-to-static pressure-rise characteristic and the torque requirement. Initiation of water ingestion was shown to move the compressor operating point on the characteristic to a new position at reduced pressure rise and reduced air mass flowrate, and to increase significantly the torque requirement. In some cases, it was shown that initiation of water ingestion would lead to rotating stall. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water-to-air mass flowrate ratio, droplet size and spray coverage. The spray coverage is the fraction of the compressor inlet area over which the water is distributed. This was determined principally by the divergence (or spray) angle of the water emerging from each nozzle. The results suggest that droplet size is relatively unimportant in determining the performance with water ingestion. The spray coverage is, however, important, with small spray coverage resulting in little or no loss of compressor surge margin and large spray coverage resulting in significant loss. The pe1formance of the first compressor stage is c1itical in explaining these differences in behaviour. Theoretical studies were conducted with the aim of predicting the spatial disttibution of liquid water inside a compressor. New models were developed for key aspects of liquid water behaviour and incorporated into a computer program. Droplet velocity (or momentum) is often found to play an important role in determining the water behaviour. Theories are suggested to explain the experimentally observed effects of water ingestion, drawing on insight gained from both the expe1imental and theoretical results. Compressor modifications that may reduce the adverse effects of water ingestion are then suggested. These comprise, firstly, the removal of water from the casing immediately upstream of the compressor and, secondly, the application of a "non-stick" coating to the blades of the first rotor blade row.
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Ayala, Hugo M. (Hugo Mario). "Soil ingestion by elastomeric seals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46270.
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Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-160).
Studies of elastomeric seal failure have until recently focused on the erosion of the sealing interface. This has limited the improvements in seal life to the application of wear-resistant materials. The present work shows that three stages of particle ingestion precede seal erosion, and that seals designed to interfere with each stage exhibit substantially longer operational life. The three stages of failure preceding seal erosion are as follows. The first stage occurs when small soil particles creep into the contact gap. These particles are so small (< 0.1 microns) that they accumulate in the surface valleys of the seal without damaging it. The second stage occurs as the shearing motion of the seal pushes the increasing number of entering particles against each other and short-range forces bind the particles into clusters. As more particles enter the seal, the clusters grow in size. Eventually, the clusters become so large that they no longer fit in the surface valleys of the seal. The third stage occurs when the clusters start rolling between the seal and its mating surface. The rolling pushes clusters further into the contact band until they fall freely into the oil. It is at this point that material erosion becomes the rate-limiting mechanism leading to failure. This work contains a description of the apparatus and techniques used in investigating seal failure; results of test for various seal lip designs, material composition, and operating parameters; images showing results the oil-film thickness measurements by means of laser-induced fluorescent; and estimates of contact pressure by finite-element simulations.
by Hugo Mario Ayala.
Sc.D.
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Jesus, Sílvia Catarina Fonseca de. "Ingestão proteica na infância e risco de obesidade." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5727.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoIntrodução: A obesidade é uma doença crónica não transmissível que afeta milhões de indivíduos em todo o mundo, traduzindo-se numa acumulação excessiva de gordura. Maioritariamente em resultado de um desequilíbrio energético positivo, acarreta frequentemente consequências metabólicas importantes, comprometendo a saúde física e psicológica. O tema assume uma maior importância quando é percetível o aumento vertiginoso do número de crianças que apresentam excesso de peso e/ou obesidade. O excesso de ingestão proteica (IP) tem sido apontado como um fator promotor da obesidade. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre ingestão proteica na infância e risco de obesidade. Métodos: O método utilizado consistiu na revisão de artigos científicos publicados desde o ano 2000 até ao presente ano na plataforma online Pubmed, com as palavraschave “protein”, “intake”, “childood”, “obesity”, “BMI”. A pesquisa incluiu artigos em português e inglês, realizados em humanos e com avaliação do IMC, velocidade de crescimento ou massa gorda. Foram incluídos estudos clínicos e observacionais que avaliavam a ingestão proteica nos primeiros dois anos de vida e a sua relação com risco de obesidade em idade pediátrica. Dos 303 artigos iniciais, foram selecionados 21 que cumpriam os critérios. Resultados: Dos 21 estudos, 11 analisam a ingestão proteica durante o período de amamentação. Destes, 10 apresentaram uma associação positiva entre a ingestão proteica e a velocidade de crescimento. A massa gorda foi avaliada apenas em 3 dos 11 estudos, sendo que em 2 deles a associação mostrou-se positiva. Dos 21 estudos, 14 avaliam o período de alimentação complementar, sendo que 12 destes associam de forma positiva a ingestão proteica com um maior valor de IMC. A massa gorda foi avaliada em 5 estudos, tendo sido encontrada uma associação positiva com IP em 4. Conclusão: A excessiva ingestão proteica na infância parece induzir uma maior velocidade de crescimento e apresenta associação com um maior IMC em idade pediátrica. Estes fatores parecem levar a uma maior acumulação de gordura, e, portanto, a um maior risco de obesidade na infância.
Background: Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide, resulting in excessive fat accumulation. Mostly as a result of a positive energy balance, it has often important metabolic consequences, affecting the physical and psychological health. The issue is of utmost importance when it is noticeable the staggering number of children who are overweight and / or obese. Excessive protein intake (PI) has been implicated as an obesity promoter. Objective: To analyze the relationship between protein intake in childhood and obesity risk. Methods: The method used was the scientific articles revision published since 2000 to the current year on the online platform Pubmed with the keywords " protein" , "intake " , " childhood " , " obesity" , " BMI " . The search included articles in Portuguese and English, in human and including BMI evaluation, growth rate or body fat. Both clinical and observational studies were included, evaluating the protein intake in the first two years of life and its relation to obesity risk in children. Out of the 303 original articles 21were selected. Results: Out of the 21 studies, 11 analyzed protein intake during breastfeeding. From these, 10 showed a positive association between protein intake and growth rate. Fat mass was only measured in 3 of the 11 studies , and in 2 of them the association was positive. Out of the 21 studies, 14 assessed the complementary feeding period, and in 12 of these, a positive association between protein intake and increased BMI was found. Fat mass was evaluated by 5 studies, and a positive association with PI was found in 4. Conclusion: Excessive protein intake in childhood appears to induce a higher growth rate and associates with an increased BMI in children. These factors appear to lead to increased fat accumulation, and thus to a greater risk of childhood obesity.
N/A
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Robison, Rosalyn Aruna Venner. "Turbulence ingestion noise of open rotors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243244.
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Renewed interest in open rotor aeroengines, due to their fuel efficiency, has driven renewed interest in all aspects of the noise they generate. Noise due to the ingestion of distorted atmospheric turbulence, known as Unsteady Distortion Noise (UDN), is likely to be higher for open rotors than for conventional turbofan engines since the rotors are fully exposed to oncoming turbulence and lack ducting to attenuate the radiated sound. However, UDN has received less attention to date, particularly in wind-tunnel and flight testing programmes. In this thesis a new prediction scheme for UDN is described, which allows inclusion of many key features of real open rotors which have not previously been investigated theoretically. Detailed features of the mean flow induced by the rotor, the form of atmospheric turbulence, asymmetries due to installation features, and the effect of rotor incidence are all considered. Parameter studies are conducted in each of these cases to investigate their effect upon UDN in typical static testing and flight conditions. A thorough review of the technological issues of most relevance and previous theoretical work on all types of turbulence-blade interaction noise is first undertaken. The prediction scheme is then developed for the case in which the mean flow into the rotor is axisymmetric. This shows excellent qualitative agreement with previous findings, with increased streamtube contraction resulting in a more tonal noise spectrum. The theoretical framework involves using Rapid Distortion Theory to calculate the distortion of an isotropic turbulence field (such as given by the von Karman spectrum) by the mean flow induced by the rotor (such as given by actuator disk theory), leading to an expression for the velocity incident upon the leading edge of the rotor blades. Strip theory is then used to calculate the pressure jumps across the blades, input as the forcing term in the far-field wave equation. Models are derived for open rotor-induced flow which account for the variation of blade circulation with radius, and the presence of the rotor hub and rear blade row. An investigation of appropriate turbulence models and realistic turbulence parameters is also undertaken. A key finding is that the heights of the tonal peaks are determined by the overall magnitude of the induced streamtube contraction (dependent on the total thrust generated) whereas the precise form of distortion (affected by the detailed components of the mean flow and the form of atmospheric turbulence present) alters the resulting broadband level. The prediction scheme is formulated in such a way as to facilitate extension to the asymmetric case, which is also fully derived. The model is applied in the first instance to the case of two adjacent rotors and then to the case of a single rotor at incidence. Under flight conditions, when distortion is reduced but UDN can still contribute a significant broadband component to overall noise levels, asymmetry is found to increase broadband levels around 1 Blade Passing Frequency but reduce levels elsewhere.
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Sargeant, Matthew Alan. "Boundary layer ingestion for advanced airframes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612183.
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Cosnard, Danie. "Ingestion ou inhalation de prothèses dentaires." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT1438.
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Chen, Zhixiong. "Brainstem Mechanisms Underlying Ingestion and Rejection." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1041523002.
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Bustamante, Thais França [UNESP]. "Análise histopatológica e ultraestrutural do esôfago distal de ratos com lesão cáustica submetidos à aplicação tópica de mitomicina C." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86311.
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bustamante_tf_me_botfm.pdf: 3625249 bytes, checksum: 92a758c187e8eec63582c316baef9e88 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A ingestão acidental de substâncias cáusticas constitui um grave problema de saúde pública, ocorrendo principalmente na faixa etária pediátrica, sendo a estenose do esôfago uma complicação frequente. A dilatação esofágica é o tratamento de escolha para estes casos. Várias substâncias já foram testadas nos casos refratários à dilatação, porém com resultados insatisfatórios. A mitomicina C, agente quimioterápico capaz de inibir a síntese protéica e a proliferação de fibroblastos, tem sido usada com sucesso em estenoses esofágicas refratárias às dilatações. No entanto, há poucos estudos experimentais descrevendo como a mitomicina C interage com o tecido lesado e qual o melhor momento para o seu uso após a lesão cáustica. Avaliar os efeitos do uso tópico da mitomicina C, associada ou não à dilatação esofágica, aplicada em diferentes momentos após a lesão cáustica do esôfago de ratos com soda cáustica (NAOH 10%). Para efeito de comparação, utilizou-se ratos nos quais se infundiu solução salina (SF0,9%) no esôfago. Quarenta e oito ratos foram divididos em 6 grupos com 8 ratos cada: grupo manipulado ou sham (Gs), grupo controle (Gc), grupo com lesão cáustica e não tratado (Gnt), grupo com lesão cáustica e aplicação de mitomicina C (MMC) logo após a lesão (GmmcD0), grupo com lesão cáustica e aplicação de MMC 14 dias após a lesão (GmmcD14) e grupo com lesão cáustica seguido de dilatação e aplicação de MMC 14 dias após a lesão (Gdil+mmcD14). A lesão cáustica foi produzida seguindo o modelo descrito por Gehanno & Guedon modificado pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa, com NaOH10%. Em 4 momentos de avaliação (7º, 14º, 21º, e 28º dias de pós operatório - PO), todos os animais foram pesados. No 7º e 21º dias de PO, 4 ratos de cada grupo foram submetidos ao exame contrastado de esôfago. No 28º dia de PO...
The accidental ingestion of caustic substances is an important problem of public health, occurring mainly in childhood. The esophageal stricture is a frequent complication and esophageal dilation is the treatment of choice. Many agents have been tested when esophageal dilation is unsatisfactory, although with poor results. Mitomycin C, a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits protein synthesis and the proliferation of fibroblasts, has been used successfully in cases of esophageal stricture that are refractory to dilation. However, there are few experimental studies describing how this substance interacts with damaged tissue and the best time window for its use after caustic injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the topical application of MMC in rats, with or without associated esophageal dilatation, at different moments after the induction of a caustic esophageal lesion by NaOH10%. 48 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each: sham group (SG), control group (CG), injured group but not treated (NTG), injured group with mitomycin C application immediately after the caustic lesion (MMCD0G), injured group with MMC application 14 days after induction of caustic lesion (MMCD14G) and injured group with esophageal dilation and application 14 days after caustic lesion (MMCD14+DILG). The caustic injury was produced as described by Gehanno & Guedon, modified by our group, with NaOH10%. There were 4 moments of evaluation: 7°, 14°, 21° and 28° days after caustic injury, when rats were weighted. At 7° and 21° days after injury, it was performed the esophagograms of 4 rats of each group. On day 28 after caustic injury, all animals were sacrificed, and morphological and histopathological analyses were performed on the esophageal specimens, besides... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Pribić, Teodora. "Cognitive and hedonic responses to meal ingestion." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457973.
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La respuesta biológica a una comida, considerada en su conjunto, incluye cambios fisiológicos, principalmente el proceso digestivo, y una experiencia sensorial, que involucra sensaciones homeostáticas (saciedad, plenitud) con una dimensión hedónica (bienestar digestivo, estado de ánimo). La experiencia postprandial depende de las características de la comida, así como de la receptibilidad del sujeto, que puede ser influenciada por una gran variedad de factores condicionantes. Las respuestas a una comida incluyen una serie de eventos antes, durante y después de la ingestión. El primer objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la relación entre la percepción postprandial y la actividad cerebral. Las respuestas cerebrales se midieron mediante resonancia magnética funcional con el paradigma de “resting-state” y la percepción por escalas analógicas. Tras la ingesta de una comida de prueba, se observó una reducción significativa de la conectividad en varias regiones cerebrales, incluyendo el tálamo ventral y diferentes redes cerebrales sensoriomotoras. Además, la ingestión de la comida disminuyó significativamente la conectividad funcional inter-red de la ínsula anterior, pero aumentó la conectividad inter-red del tálamo, con varias otras regiones corticales. Estos cambios se relacionaron con las sensaciones postprandiales: la disminución de la conectividad insula-ACC/mOFC se relacionó con un aumento en la saciedad, plenitud y bienestar digestivo; la disminución de la conectividad tálamo-caudado se asoció con un menor aumento en la saciedad; y el aumento en la conectividad tálamo-S2 se relacionó con una menor plenitud. Por lo tanto, las respuestas perceptuales y emocionales a la ingesta se relacionan con la conectividad cerebral en redes funcionales especificas con el paradigma de “resting-state”. El segundo objetivo fue determinar el efecto del apetito sobre la experiencia postprandial. Mediante un diseño cruzado se demostró que, en comparación con un desayuno ligero, un desayuno alto en calorías, redujo la sensación de apetito e influyó en las respuestas a una comida subsecuente: aumentó la saciedad y la plenitud, pero redujo la sensación de bienestar digestivo postprandial. Por lo tanto, la modulación del apetito tiene efectos diferenciales sobre las respuestas cognitivas y emotivas a una comida. El tercer objetivo fue determinar los efectos de la educación sobre la experiencia postprandial. Mediante un diseño randomizado paralelo se demostró que un procedimiento de educación sensorio-cognitiva (pruebas de detección de sabores) mejoró no sólo la experiencia hedónica postprandial (bienestar digestivo, estado de ánimo), sino también las sensaciones homeostáticas (saciedad, plenitud), mientras que la educación ficticia no tuvo ningún efecto. Dado que las respuestas homeostáticas y hedónicas son disociables, la educación podría adaptarse a las diferentes condiciones. Mediante una serie de estudios de prueba de concepto, el presente trabajo abre un área de investigación sobre los factores que determinan las respuestas biológicas a la ingesta. La información derivada de este tipo de estudios puede ser aplicable a las estrategias de salud pública y a la planificación dietética en el manejo de la obesidad, trastornos de la alimentación y disfunciones gastrointestinales.The biological response to a meal, considered as a whole, includes physiological changes, primarily the digestive process, and a sensory experience, involving homeostatic sensations (satiety, fullness) with a hedonic dimension (gustation, satisfaction, mood). The postprandial experience depends on the characteristics of the meal as well as on the responsiveness of the subject, which can be influenced by a large variety of conditioning factors. The responses to a meal include a series of events before, during and after ingestion. Our first aim was to establish the relation between postprandial perception and brain activity. Brain responses were measured through functional magnetic resonance and resting-state paradigm and perception by analogue scales. Following meal ingestion, a significant reduction in connectivity was observed within several brain regions including ventral thalamus and a number of sensorimotor cortical brain networks. Furthermore, meal ingestion significantly decreased functional inter-network connectivity of the anterior insula, but increased the inter-network connectivity of thalamus, with several other cortical regions. These changes were related to the changes in subjective perceptions: a decrease in insula-ACC/mOFC connectivity was related to an increase in satiety, fullness, and digestive well-being; a decrease in thalamus-caudate connectivity was associated with a smaller increase in satiety; and an increase in thalamus-S2 connectivity was related to a smaller increase in fullness. Hence, perceptual and emotional responses to food intake are related to brain connectivity in defined functional networks in conjunction with resting-state paradigm. Our second aim was to determine the effect of appetite on the postprandial experience. Using a cross-over design we demonstrated that, as compared to a low-calorie breakfast, a high-calorie breakfast, that reduced appetite, influenced the responses to a subsequent meal: it increased satiety and fullness, but reduced postprandial satisfaction after a palatable comfort meal. Hence, appetite modulation by preload conditioning has differential effects on the cognitive and emotive responses to a meal. Our third aim was to determine the effects of education on the postprandial experience. In a randomized parallel design, a sensory-cognitive educational intervention (taste recognition tests) enhanced, not only the hedonic postprandial experience, but also homeostatic sensations, whereas sham education had no effect. Since homeostatic and hedonic responses are dissociable, education might be tailored to target different conditions. By a series of proof-of-concept studies the present work opens an area of research on the factors that determine the biological responses to meal ingestion. This information may be applicable to public health strategies and dietary planning in the management of obesity, eating disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunctions.
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Feener, Troy Douglass. "Ingestion of waterborne protozoan parasites by Daphnia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ55205.pdf.
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Burns, Jennifer Marie. "Effects of choline ingestion on endurance performance." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539635.
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Plasma choline levels have been reported to be significantly reduced in athletes at the endof prolonged, exhaustive exercise (marathon running), and this may affect the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction (16). The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the influence of two levels of choline (from soy lecithin) ingestion on plasma choline levels and exercise performance. Ten endurance-trained male cyclists exercised on an electrically resisted ergometer for 105 minutes at a load equal to 70% V02 max, followed by an all-out, self-paced 15 minute performance ride on an isokinetic cycle. Three randomly ordered trials were performed four hours after the feedings of (A) 0.0 g, (B) 1.1 g, or (C) 1.8 g choline. Dietary intake of choline was controlled. Before and after the trials, blood samples were drawn and analyzed for serum choline (umol/liter) using an HPLC method. Feedings of 1.1 g and 1.8 g of choline significantly (p < 0.05) elevated serum choline values compared to control (A = 34.16 [± 0.63], B 38.17 [+ 0.96], and C = 42.32 [+ 0.59]).Post-exercise serum choline values, however, were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from pre-exercise levels. In addition, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in performance between placebo, 1.1 g, and 1.8 choline trials (2.11 x 105, 2.07 x 105, 2.07 x 105 Newton-meters, respectively). This study indicates a dose response to choline ingestion, with no effect on performance.School of Physical Education
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Mclelland, Grant. "Aerodynamics of vortex ingestion for aero-engines." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9173.
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The potential impact of inlet flow distortion on the stability and performance of aircraft
engines remains a key concern for engine-airframe integration. Current and future configurations, such as Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles (UCAVs), and possible civil aircraft
with large rear-mounted engines, feature closely-coupled intake and airframe aerodynamics.
Such configurations are susceptible to the ingestion of streamwise vorticity generated
upstream on the aircraft. There is a dearth of understanding of this ingestion process
which, crucially, determines the nature of the flow distortion presented to the turbomachinery.
To assess the risk of engine stability and performance deterioration, it is therefore
necessary to understand and model the vortex ingestion process.
This research provides a novel application of Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry
(Stereo PIV) to obtain quantitative measurements of a streamwise vortex inside a contracting
intake capture streamtube. The experiments were conducted in the
8’x6’
lowspeed
wind tunnel using a 1/30th scale intake model. Vortex generators were employed to
create a streamwise vortex in the flow upstream of the intake. The streamtube contraction
levels, vortex generator type, and vortex generator configuration were varied to establish
fundamental understanding on the flow physics of vortex ingestion.
The vortex experiences notable levels of intensification as it passes through the contracting
streamtube. The evolution of the vortex is strongly dependent on the streamtube contraction
levels, the initial characteristics of the vortex prior to ingestion, and the trajectory
that the vortex follows inside the capture streamtube.
In addition, detailed studies have been performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) to establish an approach to simulate vortex ingestion flows. A number of guidelines
have been developed using experimental measurements to ensure that the flow physics of
vortex ingestion are captured. This approach permits vortex ingestion simulations to be
performed to evaluate the inlet flow distortion characteristics in full-scale intake flows.
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Allen, Scott Thomas. "Ad Libitum Fluid Intake and Plasma Responses Following Pickle Juice, Hypertonic Saline, and Deionized Water Ingestion." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26511.
Full textAbstract:
Some clinicians warn against pickle juice (PJ) ingestion due to its sodium. PJ drinking guidelines have been developed but never tested. The purpose of this study was to determine if drinking PJ, hypertonic saline (HS), or deionized water (DIW) affected ad libitum DIW ingestion, plasma variables, or perceptions of thirst, fullness, or nausea (perceptual indicators). On three days, subjects were dehydrated (~2%), given one of three treatment drinks, rated its palatability, and rehydrated with DIW ad libitum. Over 60 minutes of rehydration blood samples and perceptual indicators were collected. Subjects consumed more DIW ad libitum following HS and PJ than DIW. Plasma variables and perceptions of thirst, fullness and nausea didn?t differ between treatment drinks. The rationale behind PJ drinking guidelines is questionable. Subjects drink more, not less, after PJ ingestion. Plasma variables and perceptual indicators didn?t differ between PJ and DIW. Athletes should schedule their drinking to fully rehydrate.
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Welcher, Robin M. "Pre-meal beverage consumption affects hunger, satiety and energy intake." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009welcherr.pdf.
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Gibson, Jennifer C. W. "The effects of methylmercury ingestion on amphibian tadpoles." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27137.
Full textAbstract:
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxic heavy metal and a health threat to wildlife and humans, however nothing is known about its effects on amphibians. MeHg is produced from inorganic Hg in the aquatic environment, and bioaccumulates in the food chain. This exposes tadpoles to elevated levels of MeHg in their diet, and may pose a risk to development. Tadpoles of the North American species Bufo americanus and Rana pipiens as well as the African frog model species Xenopus tropicalis were subchronically exposed to dietary McHg ranging in concentration from 1ng/g to 1000 ng/g to determine LC50s and species sensitivity differences. A developmental differences study was also performed with B. americanus. The 33-day LC50 estimates indicate that Gosner stage 25 tadpoles of both B. americanus and R. pipiens were the most sensitive, and they exhibited a similar sensitivity to McHg toxicity. The X. tropicales LC50 estimate is significantly higher (p=0.05) than those calculated for B. americanus and R. pipiens Gosner stage 25, and the developmentally advanced B. americanus Gosner stage 27-30 LC50 estimate is also significantly higher (p=0.05) than the B. americanus Gosner stage 25 LC50. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Cross-Mellor, Shelley Kathleen. "The effects of lipopolysaccharide and cholecystokinin on ingestion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/MQ42059.pdf.
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Sidery, Michael B. "The cardiovascular effects of food ingestion in man." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335380.
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Teuber, Roy. "Computation of rim-sealed ingestion for gas turbines." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619247.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on the ingress problem in rotor-stator system in turbines with the primary emphasis on numerical methods. The first part of this dissertation implemented a newly-developed orifice model for externally-induced (EI) ingress into a non-commercial one-dimensional (1D) flow network solver. The massflow functions of the EI ingress model are solved with an iterative procedure with inner and outer loop iterations. The comparison of this model against a standard procedure where the fluid exchange is modelled with multiple branches was in good agreement despite a diverging behaviour at high sealing effectiveness. An extrapolation method was developed to extrapolate the sealing parameter Φmin from one Mach number regime to another. This procedure, which uses the linear saw-tooth model for EI ingress, showed good agreement with the computed values of Φmin over the investigated subsonic range. It was proposed to use this method to scale the experimentally determined Φmin value obtained at incompressible test rig conditions to a geometric similar engine at compressible conditions. The effect of aerodynamic off-design conditions (varying flow coefficient, CF ) and their impact on ingress in rotor-stator systems was investigated with transient CFD computations. Pressure measurements behind the trailing edge of the vane showed a linear variation of the non-dimensional pressure coefficient with flow coefficient. This behaviour was confirmed numerically with the exception of a diverging behaviour with an increase of Cp at low values of CF . This effect could be isolated and associated with the rotor blade at large deviation angles. Various rim-seal concepts were numerically investigated with the intent to minimise the ingress levels in the wheel-space of a high pressure turbine. These concepts were experimentally tested at the ingress facility of the University of Bath and confirmed predicting the ranking order of these seals by the numerical investigation. An optimised rim-seal design was developed from this study which addresses the root cause of the EI ingress by attenuating the tangential pressure variation; the new rim-seal reduced the sealing parameter Φmin by about 40% compared a the baseline case. A numerical study investigated several rotor endwall concepts with the objective to minimise the mixing loss associated with the interaction of the egress with the mainstream flow. A 3D concept with leading edge feature along with an incorporated egress channel within the endwall reduces not only the interaction loss but also losses associated to secondary flows, (i.e. horse show vortex and cross passage flow), without negatively impacting the ingress levels of the upstream located wheel-space.
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McGuire, Thomas John 1977. "Aero-assisted orbital transfer vehicles utilizing atmosphere ingestion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82199.
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Nikolaidis, Theoklis. "Water ingestion effects on gas turbine engine performance." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3516.
Full textAbstract:
Although gas turbine engines are designed to use dry air as the working fluid,
the great demand over the last decades for air travel at several altitudes and
speeds has increased aircraft’s exposure to inclement weather conditions.
Although, they are required to perform safely under the effect of various
meteorological phenomena, in which air entering the engine contains water,
several incidents have been reported to the aviation authorities about power
loss during flight at inclement weather. It was understood that the rain ingestion
into a gas turbine engine influences the performance of the engine and
particular the compressor and the combustor.
The effects of water ingestion on gas turbine engines are aerodynamic,
thermodynamic and mechanical. These effects occur simultaneously and affect
each other. Considering the above effects and the fact that they are timedependent,
there are few gas turbine performance simulation tools, which take
into account the water ingestion phenomenon.
This study is a new research of investigating theoretically the water ingestion
effects on a gas turbine performance. It focuses on the aerodynamic and
mechanical effects of the phenomenon on the compressor and the combustor.
The application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the basic
methodology to examine the details of the flow in an axial compressor and how
it is affected by the presence of water. The calculations of water film thickness,
which is formed on the rotor blade, its motion (direction and speed) and the
extra torque demand, are provided by a code created by the author using
FORTRAN programming language. Considering the change in blade’s profile
and the wavy characteristics of the liquid film, the compressor’s performance
deterioration is calculated.
The compressor and combustor’s deterioration data are imported to a gas
turbine simulation code, which is upgraded to calculate overall engine’s
performance deterioration. The results show a considerable alteration in
engine’s performance parameters and arrive at the same conclusions with the
relevant experimental observations.
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Silvestre, de Ferron Pierre. "Les lésions oesogastroduodénales après ingestion d'eau de Javel." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3514.
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Connor, Erin E. "Soil ingestion and lead concentration in wildlife species." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020218/.
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Ellis, Catherine Rose. "Sex work and ingestion in eighteenth-century France." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12629/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the significance of eating and drinking to sex work in mid- to late-eighteenth-century French literature and culture. It combines close reading of alimentary details with historicised and more recent theoretical approaches to food studies, establishing how ingestion was used, understood, and depicted in fictional, polemical, and documentary material relating to sex work. This thesis reveals that ingestion was no mere detail or incitement to pleasure in sex workers’ lives. It was instead a fundamental part of sexual practice, a source of danger, and a literary symbol with which male writers could work through widespread concerns about female sexuality and the dangers of ingestion. Chapter One provides an overview of ingestion’s role in the eighteenth-century sex trade. Chapter Two explores mid-century police records on brothels and kept women to demonstrate how ingestion was not simply a matter of pleasure but was intimately linked to risk and vulnerability for clients, madams, and sex workers alike. Chapter Three considers ingestion’s symbolic significance in four texts discussing sex work reform, beginning with the genre’s English Urtext, Bernard Mandeville’s A Modest Defence of Publick Stews, and ending with Rétif de la Bretonne’s Le Pornographe. Chapter Four establishes how images of ingestion can reveal differences between apparently similar sex worker heroines, focusing on Margot la ravaudeuse and Vénus en rut. Chapter Five considers the role of ingestion in fostering sociability or division in two fictional collections of sex workers’ letters: Correspondance de Madame Gourdan and Correspondance d’Eulalie. Chapter Six explores the gendered differences between the male and female consuming bodies, examining ingestion as pleasure in texts with gigolo heroes: Ma Conversion, Le Petit-fils d’Hercule and L’Année galante. Chapter Seven concludes the thesis by considering the sex worker as a victim of cannibalism in Rétif de la Bretonne’s L’Anti-Justine.
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Calmes, Jean-Christophe. "Rhabdomyolyse aigue͏̈, compliquée d'insuffisance rénale après ingestion médicamenteuse." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11037.
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Ferrar, Anthony Maurice. "Measurements of Flow in Boundary Layer Ingesting Serpentine Inlets." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36408.
Full textAbstract:
Highly integrated airframe-propulsion systems featuring ingestion of the airframe boundary
layer oer reduced noise, emissions, and fuel consumption. Embedded engine systems are
envisioned which require boundary layer ingesting (BLI) serpentine inlets to provide the
needed air
ow to the engine. These inlets produce distorted
ow proles that can cause
aeromechanical, stability, and performance changes in embedded engines. Proper design
of embedded engine systems requires understanding of the underlying
uid dynamics that
occur within serpentine inlets.
A serpentine inlet was tested in a specially designed wind tunnel that simulated boundary
layer ingestion in a full-scale realistic environment. The measured total pressure proles at
the inlet and exit planes of the duct, and the static pressure distributions along the walls
provided useful data related to the
ow in BLI serpentine inlet systems. A bleed
ow control
system was tested that utilized no more than 2% of the total inlet
ow. Two bleed slots
were employed, one near the rst bend of the S-duct and one near second. The bleed system
successfully reduced inlet distortions by as much as 30%, implying improvements in stall
margin and engine performance.
Analysis of the wake shape entering the S-duct showed that the airframe and inlet duct are
both important components of a wake-ingesting inlet/diusion system. Shape eects and
static pressure distributions determined
ow transport within the serpentine inlet. Flow
separation within the S-duct increased distortion at the engine inlet plane. Discussion
of airframe/inlet/engine compatibility demonstrates that embedded engine systems require
multi-disciplinary collaborative design eorts. An included fundamental analysis provides
performance estimates and design guidelines. The ideal airframe performance improvement
associated with wake-ingestion is estimated.Master of Science
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Takahashi, Leonardo Susumu [UNESP]. "Estratégia alimentar, teores de carboidratos dietéticos, desempenho e respostas fisiológicas do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104932.
Full textAbstract:
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A adoção de esquemas de alimentação com restrição e realimentação para peixes pode induzir a ocorrência de ganho de peso compensatório e permite redução no fornecimento de ração, principal componente do custo de produção. Além disto, o uso de dietas que forneça os nutrientes necessários para esta fase de rápido crescimento e o não comprometimento da resistência imunológica do peixe, representam vantagens adicionais. Nesse sentido, juvenis de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (36,9 l 2,8 g) foram submetidos a três estratégias de alimentação (alimentação continua; 3 dias restrição e 3 dias de realimentação controlada; 3 dias restrição e 3 dias de realimentação até a saciedade aparente) com duas dietas experimentais (45 e 52% CHO). Foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo e metabolismo energético em duas etapas, aos 36 e aos 84 dias de alimentação. Após os 84 dias, os peixes foram submetidos à infestação pelo parasito Dolops carvalhoi, sendo avaliadas as respostas fisiológicas de estresse. Ocorreu ingestão compensatória, tanto durante os 36 como durante os 84 dias, mas sem ocorrência de ganho de peso compensatório. Os parâmetros do metabolismo energético, aos 36 dias de alimentação, sugerem grande capacidade do pacu em mobilizar as reservas energéticas endógenas. Aos 84 dias, os parâmetros fisiológicos do metabolismo energético, evidenciam a habilidade do pacu em manter a homeostase e recuperar-se da privação alimentar através da dinâmica de suas reservas. As estratégias de alimentação adotas associadas as dietas experimentais não comprometeram as respostas do pacu frente ao desafio com o ectoparasito. A adoção de períodos curtos de restrição e realimentação, pode ser recomendada em condições específicas de manejo, sem prejuízo irreversível aos peixes e com redução nos custos de produção.
Schemes of food restriction and refeeding can induce compensatory growth in fish and reduction of production costs. Additionally, the use of diets providing needed nutrients for the fast growth and adequate immune status of fish can be beneficial. In this way, pacu juveniles Piaractus mesopotamicus (36.9 l 2.8 g) were submitted to three feed strategies (continuous feeding; 3 days of restriction and 3 days of controlled refeeding; 3 days of restriction and 3 days of refeeding until apparent satiation) and two experimental diets (45 and 52% carbohydrate - CHO). Growth performance and energetic metabolism were evaluated at 36 and 84 days of feeding. After 84 days, fish were exposed to Dolops carvalhoi, and physiological responses were evaluated. Compensatory food intake was registered at 36 and 84 days, without compensatory growth. At 36 days of feeding, metabolic indicators suggested that pacu is able to mobilize endogenous energy stores. At 84 days od food restriction, pacu exhibited ability to keep its body homeostasis by mobilizing endogenous reserves, and to recover the tissue losses provoked by food restriction. Feed strategies and experimental diets did not affect the ability of pacu to face the parasite infestation. Cycles of food restriction and refeeding for short periods (3 days restriction/3 days refeeding) can be recommended for pacu in specific conditions, since no irreversible biological damage was detected and, in addition, reduction of production cost is possible.
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Pritchett, Kelley Carolyn Elisabeth. "Intra-nacc adenosine and its role in mediating palatable food intake interactions with striatal opioids /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6103.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed Aug. 21, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.
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Christopher, Yvette. "Inadvertent ingestion exposure to hazardous substances in the workplace." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=24665.
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Legg, Kari M. "Effects of Sugar Ingestion Expectancies on Perceptions of Misbehavior." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560371.
Full textAbstract:
While the notion that sugar consumption leads to hyperactivity has repeatedly been unsupported in the literature, little research has attended to the effects of accepting the widely held belief. The present study aimed to investigate how one's perception of a child's behavior is affected when the individual believes in the sugar-hyperactivity myth and is provided information regarding the child's sugar consumption prior to observing behavior. Findings indicated that participants who were informed that the children ingested sugar prior to the observation rated the male child's and the female child's hyperactivity significantly higher than participants who were told that the children had ingested a sugar-free product.
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Wallis, Gareth Anthony. "Exercise metabolism and carbohydrate ingestion in men and women." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433440.
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Hall, David Kenneth. "Analysis of civil aircraft propulsors with boundary layer ingestion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97353.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-116).
This thesis describes (i) guidelines for propulsor sizing, and (ii) strategies for fan turbomachinery conceptual design, for a boundary layer ingesting (BLI) propulsion system for advanced civil transport aircraft. For the former, configuration performance analysis shows BLI yields a reduction in mechanical power required to propel a given aircraft. For the latter, fan turbomachinery design attributes are identified to mitigate the impact of BLI inlet distortion on propulsor performance. The propulsion system requirements are determined using a mechanical energy analysis, in which the performance of the airframe and propulsor are characterized in terms of sources and sinks of power. Using this framework, the propulsor can be sized based on the performance of the isolated airframe. Analysis of the power savings due to BLI (from reduction of viscous dissipation both in the aircraft wake and the propulsor jet) leads to scaling choices for the sizing of propulsor simulators for wind tunnel experiments to assess BLI benefit. Fan stage distortion response is assessed computationally for a range of turbomachinery design parameters and for distortions characteristic of BLI. The numerical results show the importance of three-dimensional flow redistribution upstream of the fan, and indicate that, for the parameters examined, non-axisymmetric fan stators have the largest effect on decreasing blade row velocity distortions and thus mitigating losses due to flow non-uniformity.
by David Kenneth Hall.
Ph. D.
34
Jaoul, Sylvain. "Intoxication par ingestion d'acide fluorhydrique : à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11125.
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Wright, David Alan. "Carbohydrate ingestion before and during cycling exercise improves performance /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487599963592052.
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Cornwell, Sonya Kelly Kimberly. "Pediatric feeding disorders efficacy of multidisciplinary inpatient treatment of gastrostomy tube dependent children /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9113.
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Depault, Isabelle. "Effects of glucose ingestion on fuel selection during cold exposure." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28257.
Full textAbstract:
Recent studies of cold exposure have focused on the nutritional status of shivering individuals, studying the importance of carbohydrate stores for shivering muscles. These studies have illustrated that during moderate cold stress, muscle glycogen is the main substrate for heat production. Consequently, it is thought that shivering will cease and hypothermia will set in when muscle glycogen stores gets compromised or exhausted. In spite of this, no studies to date have investigated the effects glucose ingestion on fuel selection during cold exposure. Using a combination of indirect calorimetry and isotopic methods, the aims of this thesis were to determine the effects of glucose ingestion on whole body heat production and oxidative fuel selection to (1) confirm that heat production and core temperature will not change with glucose feedings during shivering, (2) quantify the effects of glucose feedings on whole body fuel selection, (3) quantify the effects of glucose feedings on the oxidation of CHO stores (muscle glycogen), and (4) quantify the oxidation of the ingested exogenous glucose. Six healthy men were exposed to cold for 120 min (liquid conditioned suit perfused with 4°C water) on three randomized occasions during which 500ml of a glucose solution was ingested to supply: 0.04 g·min-1 (C), 0.4 g·min-1 (Lo) or 0.8 g·min-1 (Hi) of glucose. We observed that (1) glucose ingestion has no effects on whole body thermal response. (2) Absolute and relative CHO and lipids oxidation rates did not differ significantly between conditions. (3) Muscle glycogen oxidation was not affected by glucose ingestion, but hepatic glucose production decreased with 0.8 g·min-1 of glucose ingestion. (4) The maximal rate of exogenous glucose oxidation observed was 0.2 g·min-1. No difference was seen between exogenous glucose oxidation rate during the Lo and Hi conditions. The result of this thesis provides the first estimates of exogenous glucose oxidation rate in the cold and quantifies the effects of glucose ingestion on whole-body energy demands. This information may contribute to improve survival strategies for human exposed to cold environments.
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Kerner, Wendy J. "Influence of perceived caffeine ingestion upon submaximal exercise to exhaustion /." Connect to online version, 1989. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/38836.
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Juchelka, Charlotte Milada. "Rapid toxicity assessment using ingestion rate as a sublethal biomarker." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25413.
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Backhouse, Susan Helen. "Fluid ingestion, affective states and perceived exertion during prolonged exercise." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8948.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of nutritional intervention on affective states has largely been ignored in the exercise-affect literature. For decades the impact of such interventions on perceptions of exertion has been well documented. However, Hardy and Rejeski (1989) assert that `what' a person feels, as measured by the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale, may be very different from `how' they feel, and that on its own the RPE provides limited information about the subjective experiences of individuals during exercise. This thesis describes a series of studies that assess the influence of various fluid ingestion regimes on both `how' and `what' a person feels. Seven studies were undertaken, incorporating a variety of exercise modes, including prolonged running (Study 1,3 & 7), prolonged cycling (Study 2& 4) and prolonged intermittent, high intensity exercise (Study 5,6 & 7). The relationship between fluid ingestion during exercise and affective states during and following exercise proved to be a complex one. The initial investigation (Study 1) showed that the ingestion of water during prolonged running resulted in an overall improvement in valence during the recovery period. A significant increase in activation was also noted in the water trial only, from pre to post exercise. Furthermore, subjective ratings of energy post-exercise were higher in the water trial, compared to the no water trial. In study 2 the beneficial effects observed in study 1 were not so apparent. In this instance the only significant change of interest was in energetic arousal, which was found to be higher 5 min post exercise in the water trial compared to the no water trial. When the ingestion of a CHO solution during exercise was compared to a placebo or flavoured water solution (Studies 3-7) the findings also varied. However, the observation of an enhanced affective profile following CHO ingestion in Study 4 and Study 5 highlights the importance of considering nutritional status and intervention when investigating the exercise-affect relationship. These studies have highlighted some important aspects in our understanding of the exercise-affect relationship alone. Firstly, a robust finding across all the studies was the observation of an almost uniformly positive shift in valence from the final within-exercise assessment to the post exercise assessments. Thus emphasising the dynamic nature of affect and the importance of repeated within exercise assessments. Secondly, moderate intensity exercise of a fixed duration was marked by highly variable inter-individual differences in the response of participants to the valence and activation dimensions. However, exercise to fatigue elicited a homogenous valence response as participants came closer to reaching their exercise capacity.
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Cooke, Andrew Iain. "The availability of soil-associated radionuclides after ingestion by ruminants." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283017.
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Highton, Jamie M. "Multiple-sprint sport exercise and carbohydrate-protein ingestion in humans." Thesis, University of Chester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/253533.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present thesis was to examine the potential for acute carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P) ingestion to enhance performance and recovery from exercise designed to simulate the demands of multiple-sprint sports (MSSs). Chapter 3 of the thesis explored the inter- and intra-day reliability and concurrent validity of non-motorised treadmill ergometry (NMT) for the assessment of short-distance sprint performance [i.e. 10-30 m). There were no significant mean differences between NMT variables recorded on the same day or between days. Ratio limits of agreement indicated that the best agreement was in 20 [1.02 */-=- 1.09) and 30 m [1.02 */* 1.07) sprint times, peak [1.00 */T 1.06) and mean (0.99 */+ 1.07) running speed and step length (0.99 */-=- 1.09) and frequency (1.01 */+ 1.06). The poorest agreement was observed for time to peak running speed (1.10 */* 1.47). Significant differences were observed between NMT and over-ground sprint times across all distances, with times being lower (faster) by approximately 25-30% over-ground. The correlations between NMT and over-ground variables were generally modest (r5 = 0.44 - 0.67), and optimal for time to cover 30 m on Day 2 (rs = 0.8). Chapter 4 sought to examine the efficacy of CHO-P ingestion during 4 h of recovery from the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) when compared to CHO matched for energy (ISOEN) or CHO (ISOCHO) in a typical CHO beverage. There were significant increases over time in muscle soreness, and reductions in extensor and flexor peak torque (by approximately 9%, 9% and 8%, and 13 %, 13% and 11% at 60 deg-s-1) and jump performance (10%, 7% and 5%) with the ingestion of CHO-P, ISOEN and ISOCHO, respectively. Beverage type x time interactions were not significant for any of these variables, indicating that changes in each variable were similar for all groups. Decrements in sprint performance assessed on the NMT were typically small and not different between beverage types (<4%), although sprint times over 20 and 30 m remained elevated for 48 h post-exercise. Accordingly, Chapter 4 provided no clear evidence for a benefit of ingesting CHO-P in the hours after exercise to enhance recovery of muscle function and selected performance variables following MSS activity. Chapters 5 and 6 of the thesis aimed to examine the effect of CHO-P ingestion during simulated MSS exercise. In Chapter 5, it was observed that sprint times, HR and gut fullness increased over the course of the LIST, with no influence of consuming each of the different beverages. In contrast, there was a main effect of time (P < 0.001), and drink (P = 0.042) observed for RPE, which was lower (P < 0.001) during the LIST in the CHO-P condition (16.9 ± 1.4) than in either the ISOCHO (17.8 ± 1.1) or ISOEN (17.7 ± 1.3). However, time to exhaustion was not different (P = 0.29) between CHO-P (468.3 ± 268.5 s), ISOCHO (443.4 ± 286.3 s) and ISOEN (446.2 ± 282.08 s), although these times did equate to a non-significant mean improvement of 4% in the CHO-P trial. Chapter 6 demonstrated that during a modified version of the LIST with two self-regulated blocks of exercise intensity, participants had a higher average speed (8.1 ± 0.3 cf. 7.9 ± 0.5 knvlr1) during the final (self-regulated) 15 min block of the LIST in the CHO-P condition compared to CHO. Whilst the mechanisms for such an improvement are not certain, the attenuated rise in RPE observed in Chapter 5, and increased blood urea concentration observed in Chapter 6, with CHO-P ingestion may suggest altered central fatigue and/or increased protein oxidation enhances performance during MSSs.
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Betts, James A. "Carbohydrate-protein ingestion during recovery from prolonged exercise in man." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34099.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence supports that the ingestion of carbohydrate solutions in the post-exercise period can facilitate the restoration of exercise capacity both through providing the fluid necessary for rehydration and through stimulating carbohydrate storage. The accrual of this evidence has now established many components of the optimal carbohydrate feeding strategy during recovery and further progress has been sought through investigating the potential influence of other macronutrients. Specifically, combined ingestion of protein and carbohydrate may promote a more rapid re-synthesis of endogenous glycogen stores than when either nutrient is ingested in isolation. This possibility has led to speculation that ingestion of a mixed carbohydrate-protein solution (CHO–PRO) might restore the capacity for physical exercise more completely during a short-term recovery than when a matched quantity of carbohydrate alone is ingested. However, evidence in support of this hypothesis is not yet available and the present series of studies will therefore attempt to directly examine the effects of CHO–PRO ingestion on recovery of exercise capacity.
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Pagel, Max Marvin. "The Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Muscle Cramp Threshold Frequency." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27359.
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Context: The effects of caffeine on muscle cramp threshold frequency were investigated. Objective: To determine the effect of caffeine on muscle cramp threshold frequency. Design: Randomized Trial. Experimental Design Setting: Institutional Research Laboratory. Participants: 11 males, 6 females. Intervention: Each subject ingested different caffeine doses over three testing days. Main Outcome Measures: Muscle cramp threshold frequency, hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma chloride concentration, and osmolality were recorded. Results: There was a significant difference between baseline and post ingestion threshold frequency as well as significant differences between 0 mg to 500 mg and 250 mg to 500 mg. Hemoglobin, plasma potassium concentration, and osmolality were significantly different from pre to post ingestion. Conclusions: There was a significant difference from pre to post muscle cramp threshold frequency. Hemoglobin, plasma potassium concentration, and osmolality were significantly different pre to post ingestion. The significance of these findings requires further study.
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Hickling, Christopher John. "Inhomogeneous, Anisotropic Turbulence Ingestion Noise in Two Open Rotor Configurations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100637.
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Two rotor configurations with different non-uniform inflows were studied: a rotor ingesting the wake of an upstream cylinder and a rotor ingesting a thick axially symmetric boundary layer from an upstream centerbody. In both cases, the undisturbed inflow was measured without the rotor present in order to characterize the inflow, in particular to calculate the unsteady upwash velocity distribution at the location of the rotor. In addition, detailed acoustic measurements were completed using a 251-channel large-area microphone array. In all, over 400 conditions covering different advance ratios, angles of yaw, and inflow conditions were measured. Measurements of the sound show that the source has a complex directivity, different from that of a streamwise aligned dipole, due to the inhomogeneous unsteady upwash distribution. In addition, observers at different far field locations will perceive sources from different locations on the rotor disk. The directivity is a function of both the rotor geometry and turbulent inflow. A simplified model of the sound source was developed using these inputs and accurately predicts trends observed in the far field noise. For the cylinder wake ingestion case, on-blade measurements of the flow field show that the wake is drawn to the center of the rotor disk with increasing thrust. This is particularly noticeable if the wake does not strike the center of the rotor disk. The effects of this flow distortion on the far field directivity are well predicted by the model. The effects of yaw to rotate the produced sound field can be inferred from this model as well. A novel beamforming procedure was used to isolate sources across the face of the rotor for the cylinder wake ingestion case for an upstream observer position. This method may be used to isolate different sound sources on a rotor if multiple sources are present or if different regions of the rotor disk need to be isolated. The directivity of a rotor ingesting an axially symmetric boundary layer is far less complex than the ingestion of a two-dimensional cylinder wake, but measurements still show the perceived source location shift with observer location. Overall, the proposed noise modeling technique is an efficient method to predict the directivity of turbulence ingestion noise for inhomogeneous inflows. This can enable quick absolute noise predictions at all far field locations using only a single point measurement or far field noise prediction to establish absolute levels.Doctor of Philosophy
In many engineering applications, rotors interact with turbulence. Aircraft and ships with rear mounted propellers can have upstream appendages or discontinuities that generate turbulence that travels downstream and is drawn into the propeller. Wind turbines interact with turbulence in the atmosphere and with turbulent wakes from other turbines. Interaction of a rotor with turbulence results in unsteady loading on the rotor blades that can radiate as sound, causing unwanted community noise or vehicle detection. As such, prediction and reduction of noise due to turbulence ingestion is highly desirable and remains an active area of research. Turbulence ingestion noise is well understood from first principles and can be successfully predicted provided an accurate description of the turbulent inflow and unsteady aerodynamic response of the rotor blades. Much work has focused on homogenous, isotropic turbulence ingestion noise, however, in practical applications, the rotor inflow is often non-uniform, anisotropic, and can change dramatically with the thrusting condition of the rotor. Research efforts to develop noise predictions considering these more complex, but practical inflows have focused on the inflow modeling and measurement and have relied on a small subset of sound measurements for validation. The present study seeks to provide new physical insight into inhomogeneous, anisotropic turbulence ingestion noise through wind tunnel experiments. In particular, two rotor configurations with different practical non-uniform inflows are studied: a rotor ingesting the wake of an upstream cylinder and a rotor ingesting a thick axially symmetric boundary layer from an upstream center body. In both cases, the undisturbed inflow was measured without the rotor present in order to characterize the inflow, and detailed acoustic measurements were completed using a 251-channel large-area microphone array. In all, over 400 rotor operating conditions were measured. The acoustic directivity in each case is examined in detail as a function of rotor operating condition. A simplified directivity model is developed and validated with measurements. Ultimately, the directivity model can provide a good engineering approximation of the full directivity with reduced computational time or can be used to extrapolate measured results to positions in the far field where placement of sensors is not possible. The results can also be used to guide the analysis and interpretation of single point or microphone array measurements in the acoustic far field of a rotor.
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Grasman, Keith A. "Effects of lead ingestion on the immune function in quail." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020526/.
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Bouex-Godeau, Isabelle. "Myocardite toxique aprés ingestion de Butanox : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M099.
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NGUYEN, TAN QUOC ERIC. "Ingestion et inhalation accidentelles chez l'enfant a l'hopital de salon." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20168.
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Callegaro, Carine Cristina. "Efeitos hemodinâmicos e autonômicos da ingestão aguda de água em indivíduos hipertensos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8271.
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INTRODUÇÃO. A ingestão aguda de 500 ml de água pode elevar a pressão arterial de forma expressiva em indivíduos com disfunção autonômica, mas parece não afetar os níveis pressóricos de indivíduos jovens saudáveis. Na hipertensão arterial sistêmica podem ocorrer alterações na modulação autonômica e, em ratos hipertensos, há evidências de que a ingestão de água seja capaz de promover aumento da pressão arterial. Entretanto, em seres humanos hipertensos, os efeitos da ingestão aguda de água ainda não são conhecidos. OBJETIVOS. Avaliar os efeitos hemodinâmicos e autonômicos da ingestão aguda de água em indivíduos portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, bem como investigar os mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos na resposta pressora. MÉTODOS. Participaram do estudo 8 indivíduos portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica leve (idade = 42,5±7,8 anos; índice de massa corporal= 27,1±3,4 kg/cm2) e 10 indivíduos normotensos (idade = 37,3±7,5 anos; índice de massa corporal = 25,8±3,2 kg/cm2), os quais foram submetidos à ingestão de 500 ml de água após repouso na posição supina por 30 minutos. Foram avaliadas a pressão arterial (Finapress, Ohmeda), a freqüência cardíaca, o fluxo sangüíneo do antebraço, a resistência vascular do antebraço e a atividade nervosa simpática muscular no basal e aos 10, 20 e 30 minutos após a ingestão de água. Amostras sangüíneas venosas foram coletadas no basal e aos 10 e 30 minutos após a ingestão de água, para calcular as mudanças no volume plasmático. A variabilidade da pressão arterial sistólica e da freqüência cardíaca foi avaliada por análise espectral, utilizando-se a Transformação Rápida de Fourier. RESULTADOS. A ingestão de água resultou em significativo aumento máximo das pressões arteriais sistólica (Hipertensos = 19±7 mmHg; Normotensos = 17±7 mmHg, p = 0,001) e diastólica (Hipertensos = 14±4 mmHg; Normotensos = 14±5 mmHg, p = 0,001) nos indivíduos hipertensos e normotensos. Ambos os grupos também apresentaram significativa elevação máxima da resistência vascular no antebraço (Hipertensos = 19±11 unidades; Normotensos = 20±13 unidades, p = 0,001) e da atividade nervosa simpática muscular (Hipertensos = 8±2 disparos/min; Normotensos = 8±4 disparos/min, p = 0,001). RESULTADOS. Após a ingestão de água, houve redução da freqüência cardíaca (Hipertensos = - 5,6±2,1 bat/min; Normotensos = - 5,4±7,3 bat/min, p = 0,002), do fluxo sangüíneo no antebraço (Hipertensos = - 0,5±0,4 ml/min/100 ml tecidual; Normotensos = - 0,7±0,6 ml/min/100 ml tecidual, p = 0,001) e do volume plasmático (Hipertensos = - 0,8±0,8 %; Normotensos = - 1,0±0,9%, p = 0,002) nos indivíduos hipertensos e normotensos. A variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca e da pressão arterial sistólica não foi alterada pela ingestão de água. CONCLUSÃO. A ingestão aguda de água eleva similarmente as pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica de indivíduos hipertensos leves e normotensos, provavelmente por aumento da resistência vascular periférica, secundário à ativação simpática.Introduction. An acute water ingestion of 500 ml may significantly increase blood pressure in individuals with autonomic dysfunction. However, it doesn’t seem to influence the pressure levels of young, healthy subjects. When a systemic arterial hypertension is present, alterations can occur in the autonomic modulation mechanism, and there is scientific evidence that acute water drinking is responsible for increases in the arterial blood pressure of laboratory rats with hypertension. However, in human subjects with hypertension, the effects of an acute water ingestion are not yet well known. Objectives. The current study aims to evaluate haemodynamics and autonomic response to acute water ingestion in human subjects that have systemic arterial hypertension, as well as to study the physiological mechanisms underlying in the pressure elevation phenomena. Method. The human subjects that participated were divided up into two study groups. The first group of eight subjects, had been diagnosed with stage I systemic hypertension (ages = 42.5±7.8 years; with a body mass index = 27.1±3.4 kg/cm2), and the second group consisted of 10 subjects that had normal pressure readings (ages = 37.3±7.5 years; with a body mass index equivalent to 25.8±3.2 kg/cm2). All participants had drunk 500ml of water, after resting for 30 minutes in the supine position. The following parameters were studied: arterial blood pressure (Finapress, Ohmeda), heart rate, forearm blood flow, forearm vascular resistance and basal muscle sympathetic nerve activity after 10, 20, and 30 minutes, immediately following the acute water ingestion. Venous blood samples were collected during the basal period of 10 and 30 minutes after water drinking, in order to calculate plasmatic volume changes. Systolic pressure and heart rate variability were evaluated by spectral analysis, utilizing the Fast Fourier Transform. Results. There was a significant maximum increase in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, in both, hypertensive and normotensive human subjects, as a direct consequence of acute water ingestion. Systolic pressure increase was of 19±7 mmHg, in hypertensive subjects; while the same pressure increase was of 17±7 mmHg, for normotensive subjects, (p = 0.001). Similarly, the diastolic pressure increase in hypertensive subjects had an equivalent to 14±4 mmHg, and in normotensive subjects showed an increase equivalent to 14±5 mmHg, (p = 0.001). Similarly, the diastolic pressure increase in hypertensive subjects had an equivalent to 14±4 mmHg, and in normotensive subjects showed an increase equivalent to 14±5 mmHg, (p = 0.001). Also, both groups presented a significant maximum increase in forearm vascular resistance (Hypertensive = 19±11 units; normotensive = 20±13 units, p = 0.001) and in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (Hypertensive = 8±2 bursts/min, normotensive = 8±4 bursts/min, p = 0.001). After acute water ingestion, both, hypertensive and normotensive human subjects showed a decreased heart rate, forearm blood flow, and plasmatic volume. The heart rate decrease in hypertensive subjects was equal to - 5.6±2.1 beats/min; and for normotensive subjects was = - 5.4±7.3 beats/min, (p = 0.002), the forearm blood flow decrease in hypertensive subjects was = - 0.5±0.4 ml/min/100 ml tissue, and in normotensive subjects was = - 0.7±0.6 ml/min/100 ml tissue, (p = 0.001), and the plasmatic volume drop in hypertensive subjects was = - 0.8±0.8 %; and for normotensive subjects was = - 1.0±0.9%, (p = 0.002). Heart rate and systolic arterial pressure variability were not altered by acute water ingestion. CONCLUSION. An acute water ingestion equally increases systolic and diastolic arterial pressure in human subjects with stage I hypertension, as well as those normotensive ones, probably by increasing peripheral vascular resistance, which is secondary to sympathetic activity.
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Cuyún, Carter Gebra B. "Food intake, dietary practices, and nutritional supplement use among the Amish." This edition also available online via Ohio State University:, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211898334.
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