Academic literature on the topic 'Ingoldianos fungi'

Ingoldian fungi have a worldwide distribution, but the most species have been described from temperate regions. In Brazil, the studies of Ingoldian fungi started in the 1980’s in the Atlantic Forest, the state of São Paulo. Later studies extended to other biomes such as the Cerrado, Caatinga and Amazon. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the occurrence and distribution of Ingoldian fungi in Brazil. Here, we include and discuss several new records for Brazil associated with submerged leaves of Calophyllum brasiliense and provide a checklist, a key and illustrations for all species of the Ingoldian fungi recorded from Brazil, as well as distribution maps. Flagellospora stricta is a new record to the Americas; Dendrosporomyces prolifer and Geniculospora inflata to the Neotropics; Pyramidospora casuarinae and Triscelophorus monosporus are new records to the Caatinga. With the new additions of species associated with submerged leaves of C. brasiliense, a total of 85 taxa of Ingoldian fungi are now recorded in Brazil. Nineteen taxa are reported from the Amazon, 53 from the Atlantic Forest, 39 from the Caatinga and 21 from the Cerrado.

Ingoldian fungi are frequently found in streams of the northern hemisphere, as well as in other regions worldwide. Even though they have high relevance as decomposers of fallen leaves, information on this group of fungi in Argentina is scarce. To assess the presence of ingoldian fungi in Pampean streams, samples of foam from 14 streams of different basins were collected. Four species and a new form of Tetracladium were recorded: Tetracladium breve, T. furcatum, T. marchalianum, T. setigerum and Tetracladium sp. Tetracladium furcatum is reported for the first time in South America, while T. breve and T. marchalianum are first records for Argentina.

Artificial foam traps conidia of rare species in rich communities of freshwater hyphomycetes as efficiently as it traps conidia in a community showing poor species composition with low conidial numbers. A large number of conidia, particularly the tetraradiate ones, are lost from the stream water as it passes through rapids and waterfalls. Addition of a detergent results in greater loss of conidia in the effluent water. The trapping of conidia in the foam concentrate and their loss while passing through the rapids and waterfalls is not related to conidial concentration. It may be influenced by water chemistry. Key words: artificial foam, conidia, Ingoldian fungi.

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A mata ciliar desempenha importante papel para manutenção da qualidade da água, mas o monitoramento da água de uma bacia hidrográfica é essencial para prever possíveis impactos causados nos corpos hídricos. Nos ecossistemas aquáticos, os hifomicetos desempenham um papel importante na cadeia alimentar, pois são capazes de decompor a matéria orgânica e, consequentemente, contribuem com a ciclagem de nutrientes. As áreas de Mata Atlântica abrigam alta riqueza e diversidade de hifomicetos em ambiente aquático e as comunidades desses fungos são influenciadas pelos parâmetros abióticos da qualidade da água. Visando determinar a diversidade e composição da comunidade de hifomicetos aquáticos em duas áreas de Mata Atlântica no estado de Pernambuco e correlacionar essas comunidades com os fatores abióticos da água, foram realizadas cinco coletas de água e folhas submersas no período de agosto/2014 a maio/2015 (REBIO Saltinho e RVS Gurjaú), em seis locais de cada área. Amostras de folhas foram lavadas, cortadas (1cm2) e incubadas em temperatura ambiente, em placas de Petri contendo água destilada esterilizada. Amostras de água foram analisadas para caracterizar a qualidade da água através dos parâmetros: temperatura, pH, concentração de oxigênio dissolvido e condutividade elétrica. A inspeção diária de fragmentos foliares, ao microscópio, permitiu o registro de 46 táxons de hifomicetos com 3.351 ocorrências em 2.400 fragmentos, sendo 38 táxons e 2.221 ocorrências em 1.200 fragmentos para a REBIO Saltinho e 37 táxons e 1.130 ocorrências em 1.200 fragmentos para o RVS Gurjaú. Houve predomínio de Endophragmiella sp., Monotosporella sp. e Triscelophorus monosporus em ambas as áreas. As áreas são similares em número de táxons, diversidade e equitabilidade, porém, são diferentes quando é levada em consideração a composição da comunidade de hifomicetos e também a dominância de espécies. De modo geral, as áreas apresentaram valores adequados para as variáveis indicativas da qualidade da água e foi observado, com base na análise Bio-Env (r= 0,40; p= 0,001), que a estrutura da comunidade de hifomicetos apresentou correlação com a temperatura, pH e oxigênio dissolvido. No presente estudo foram descritas três novas espécies de hifomicetos de material submerso: Xylomyces acerosisporus, Pyramidospora quadricellularis e Codinaea aquatica. Pyramidospora fluminea e Verticicladus hainanensis são citadas pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Há maior ocorrência de hifomicetos em ambientes aquáticos com leve turbulência das águas e a estrutura da comunidade de hifomicetos aquáticos é influenciada pela qualidade da água. Áreas de Mata Atlântica sob proteção ambiental abrigam alta diversidade de hifomicetos colonizadores do folhedo submerso, reforçando a importância da preservação das matas ciliares para manutenção dos corpos hídricos e da comunidade de fungos.
The riparian vegetation performs an important role to the maintenance of water quality, but monitoring of the water in a watershed is essential to predict potential impacts in the water bodies. In aquatic ecosystems, hyphomycetes carry out an important role in the food chain as they are capable of decomposing organic matter and therefore contribute to the nutrient cycling. The areas of rainforest are home to high hyphomycetes richness and diversity in aquatic environments and the communities of these fungi are influenced by abiotic parameters of water quality. Aiming to determine the diversity and community composition of aquatic hyphomycetes in two areas of Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco and to correlate these communities with the abiotic characteristics of the water, five collections of water and submerged leaves were carried out from August/2014 to May/2015 (REBIO Saltinho and RVS Gurjaú) in six locations in each area. Leaf samples were washed, cut (1cm2) and incubated at room temperature, in petri dishes containing sterile distilled water. Water samples were analyzed to characterize the quality of the water through the parameters: temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. The daily inspection of leaf fragments in the microscope allowed the registration of 46 taxa and 3.351 occurrences of hyphomycetes in 2.400 fragments, 38 taxa and 2.221 occurrences in 1.200 fragments for REBIO Saltinho and 37 taxa and 1.130 occurrences in 1.200 fragments for RVS Gurjaú. There was a predominance of Endophragmiella sp., Monotosporella sp. and Triscelophorus monosporus for both areas. The areas are similar considering number of taxa, diversity and evenness, however, they are different when the composition of the hyphomycetes community is taken into account and also when the dominance of species is regarded. In general, the areas had adequate values for the variables indicative of water quality and it has been observed, based on the Bio-Env analysis (r = 0.40; p = 0,001), that the hyphomycetes community structure presented correlation with temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. In the present study, three new species of hyphomycetes were described from submerged material: Xylomyces acerosisporus, Pyramidospora quadricellularis and Codinaea aquatic. Pyramidospora fluminea and Verticicladus hainanensis are cited for the first time to Brazil. There is a higher occurrence of hyphomycetes in aquatic environments with mild turbulence of the water. The structure of the aquatic hyphomycetes community is influenced by water quality. Atlantic Forest areas under environmental protection house a high diversity of hyphomycetes that colonizes submerged leaf litter, reinforcing the importance of preserving riparian forests for the quality of water bodies and the fungal community.