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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ingot

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ingot'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ingot"

1

Zhao, Zhi Hao, Jian Zhong Cui, Jing Wang, and Gao Song Wang. "Homogenization Behaviors of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Casting and Direct Chill Casting 7050 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.991.

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7050 aluminum alloy ingots were produced by low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) and direct chill casting (DC) respectively. As-cast microstructures and homogenization behaviors of LFEC and DC ingots were investigated experimentally. The optical microscope and DSC analyses shown that the grain size of LFEC ingot was finer and the content of constituents and eutectic structure was less than that of DC ingot. Accordingly, the homogenization behaviors of the LFEC and DC ingots were significantly different. The remnant constituents of LFEC ingot were less in content and smaller in size than that of DC ingot after homogenization at 480°C for various lengths of time. Similar to the dissolving of constituents, the LFEC ingot exhibited faster diffusion kinetics of alloying elements from grain boundary to inner. The concentrations of Cu, Mg and Zn inside grain of LFEC ingot after homogenization for 12 h were 2.4%, 2.2% and 6.5% respectively, but the DC ingots had not reach the level even for 48 h.

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Persson, Ewa Sjöqvist, Sofia Brorson, Alec Mitchell, and Pär G. Jönsson. "Impact of Solidification on Inclusion Morphology in ESR and PESR Remelted Martensitic Stainless Steel Ingots." Metals 11, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030408.

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This study focuses on the impact of solidification on the inclusion morphologies in different sizes of production-scale electro-slag remelting (ESR) and electro-slag remelting under a protected pressure-controlled atmosphere, (PESR), ingots, in a common martensitic stainless steel grade. The investigation has been carried out to increase the knowledge of the solidification and change in inclusion morphologies during ESR and PESR remelting. In order to optimize process routes for different steel grades, it is important to define the advantages of different processes. A comparison is made between an electrode, ESR, and PESR ingots with different production-scale ingot sizes, from 400 mm square to 1050 mm in diameter. The electrode and two of the smallest ingots are from the same electrode charge. The samples are taken from both the electrode, ingots, and rolled/forged material. The solidification structure, dendrite arm spacing, chemical analyzes, and inclusion number on ingots and/or forged/rolled material are studied. The results show that the larger the ingot and the further towards the center of the ingot, the larger inclusions are found. As long as an ingot solidifies with a columnar dendritic structure (DS), the increase in inclusion number and size with ingot diameter is approximately linear. However, at the ingot size (1050 mm in diameter in this study) when the center of the ingot converts to solidification in the equiaxial mode (EQ), the increase in number and size of the inclusions is much higher. The transition between a dendritic and an equiaxial solidification in the center of the ingots in this steel grade takes place in the region between the ingot diameters of 800 and 1050 mm.

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Alam, M. K., S. L. Semiatin, and Z. Ali. "Thermal Stress Development During Vacuum Arc Remelting and Permanent Mold Casting of Ingots." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830216.

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The development of thermal stresses in ingots during the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) as well as specialized permanent mold casting (PMC) process was modeled via numerical solution of the two-dimensional, nonsteady-state heat conduction and stress equilibrium equations. The numerical analysis was carried out in conjunction with experimental studies of the mechanical properties and microstructure of a cracked VAR titanium aluminide ingot. Numerical solutions were obtained for different values of ingot diameter, crucible-ingot interface heat transfer coefficients, and lengths of the melted-and-resolidified ingot. For both VAR and PMC, model predictions revealed that the maximum tensile thermal stresses are developed at the bottom of the ingot; the magnitude of such stresses increases with ingot diameter and the magnitude of the interface heat transfer coefficients. The microstructural analysis of a cracked ingot indicated that the thermal cracking occurred in the temperature range where the alloy has very little ductility. The predicted development of large tensile stresses correlates well with observations of thermal cracking during VAR of near-gamma titanium aluminide alloy ingots. By contrast, the predicted thermal stresses developed during PMC are lower, thus suggesting an attractive alternative to VAR to obtain sound, crack-free ingots.

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Chen, Jian Mei, Yu Qiang Li, and Jia Qiang E. "Multi-Fields Coupled Simulation on Casting Process of Aluminum Alloy Based on Heat Conduction by Rotating Heat Pipe Bundle." Advanced Materials Research 621 (December 2012): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.237.

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Based on the knowledge to defects and advantages of traditional ingot casting, a new approach for casting of aluminum alloy ingot, based on heat conduction by rotating heat pipes, is put forward in this paper. Different from the conventional casting method that cooling around ingot, the microstructure and properties of casting ingots can be significantly improved due to cooling of molten liquid from the central by rotating heat pipes proposed by this paper. Through simulation on the working process and the fields of flow and temperature, it can be speculatively seen that the ingot solidification is from inside to outside and that inner stress inside the ingot is compressive. The influences of speed of heat pipe bundle, casting speed and casting temperature on the temperature field in the ingot have been systematically studied. The ingots with different sizes can be prepared by changing size and structure layout of the heat pipes.

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Nicholson, Paul T., Caroline M. Jackson, and Katharine M. Trott. "The Ulu Burun Glass Ingots, Cylindrical Vessels and Egyptian Glass." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 83, no. 1 (December 1997): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339708300108.

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This paper examines a possible Egyptian origin for the glass ingots discovered in the Ulu Burun shipwreck off the Turkish coast and seeks to relate them to cylindrical vessels believed to be ingot moulds from Tell el-Amarna. A preliminary distinction between types of Ulu Burun ingot is also suggested and a comparison made between the ingot moulds from Amarna and those from Qantir.

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6

Gamanyuk, Sergey B., Dmitriy V. Rutskiy, and Nikolay A. Zyuban. "An Investigation of Ingots Teemed under Different Thermal and Physical Solidification Conditions and the Analysis of Metal Quality of the Hollow Forgings Produced." Materials Science Forum 973 (November 2019): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.973.36.

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Optical and electron microscopy are used in the paper to analyze the quality of the cast metal of a 1.53 ton ingot of steel 38ХН3МФАteemed with a cooling feeder head. In addition, the analysis of the metal of hollow forgings produced from ingots with “cooled” and thermally insulated feeders is performed. A metallographic study reveals that if the ingot top is cooled down, it results in an accelerated solidification throughout the entire mass of the ingot; in addition, the thermal centre shifts to the ingot central axial area.

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Tikal, Filip, Michal Duchek, and Jan Nacházel. "FEM Analyses of the Radiation in Heating Forging Furnace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 751 (April 2015): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.751.235.

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The purpose of this study was to identify possible causes of longitudinal surface cracks found during early stages of ingot breakdown. However, these cracks need not necessarily form during forging or as a result of poor quality of the surface in metallurgical terms. Under certain conditions, they may occur even as the ingot is being heated in the furnace to the forging temperature. The cracks probably form within a few minutes after placing the ingot in the furnace as a result of the temperature gradient, which is most severe on the ingot surface. A numerical model was created to represent the case of three ingots in a furnace. Upon casting, the ingots are cooled down to no more than 600°C and then placed in a furnace at 1,100 - 1,200°C. Numerical simulations were used to analyse their internal stresses and temperatures.

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Liu, Yu, Zhao Zhang, Guangqiang Li, Qiang Wang, and Baokuan Li. "Effect of Current on Segregation and Inclusions Characteristics of Dual Alloy Ingot Processed by Electroslag Remelting." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (February 25, 2019): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2017-0144.

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AbstractThree dual alloy ingots were processed by electroslag remelting with 1500 A, 1800 A and 2100 A. The compositions and inclusions of ingots were analyzed by means of various analytical techniques. The results show that the segregation becomes severer with the increase of current. With the current increasing, the proportion of inclusions with large size, the T.[O] and sulfur content in the ingot increase, showing a worse cleanliness due to the severer electrode surface oxidation and shorter interaction time between slag pool and film of molten steel at the electrode tip. The single (Mn,Cr)S inclusion can precipitate in transition zone of each ingot and NiCrMoV zone of ingot with 1800 A and 2100 A due to higher sulfur content and the solute segregation during solidification. The ingot processed by ESR with 1500 A performed a balanced quality.

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Zhang, Bin, and Craig Shaber. "Aluminum Ingot Thermal Stress Development Modeling of the Wagstaff^® EpsilonTM Rolling Ingot DC Casting System during the Start-up Phase." Materials Science Forum 693 (July 2011): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.693.196.

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Based on sequentially coupled CFD and FEM models, aluminum alloy rolling ingot thermal stress simulations have been conducted in order to understand start-up phase cold cracking phenomena and optimize tooling designs for 520×2120 mm rolling ingot casting on Wagstaff® Epsilon™ Ingot Tooling. In the CFD model, ingot surface temperature dependant and water flow rate dependant water boiling curves are applied. Thermal boundary conditions for the complex water intrusion phenomena under the ingot butt have been attempted. Temperature dependant elastic-plastic materials constitutive relationship has been employed in the transient thermal stress FEM model. Results of thermal stress development at ingot surface and inside the ingot are presented; Connection of cold cracking (ingot butt quarter and center cracks) with near surface stress development at the ingot butt is shown and the effect of water intrusion under the ingot butt on the butt stress development is also discussed. The predicted temperatures are validated against temperatures measured from cast-in thermocouples at strategic locations in field ingots in order to obtain realistic thermal boundary conditions. The predicted butt curl is also verified through field observation and measurement.

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Kwapisiński, P., Z. Lipnicki, A. A. Ivanova, and W. Wołczyński. "Role of the Structural and Thermal Peclet Numbers in the Brass Continuous Casting." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0050.

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AbstractThe Structural Peclet Number has been estimated experimentally by analyzing the morphology of the continuously cast brass ingots. It allowed to adapt a proper development of the Ivantsov’s series in order to formulate the Growth Law for the columnar structure formation in the brass ingots solidified in stationary condition. Simultaneously, the Thermal Peclet Number together with the Biot, Stefan, and Fourier Numbers is used in the model describing the heat transfer connected with the so-called contact layer (air gap between an ingot and crystallizer). It lead to define the shape and position of the s/l interface in the brass ingot subjected to the vertical continuous displacement within the crystallizer (in gravity). Particularly, a comparison of the shape of the simulated s/l interface at the axis of the continuously cast brass ingot with the real shape revealed at the ingot axis is delivered. Structural zones in the continuously cast brass ingot are revealed: FC - fine columnar grains, C - columnar grains, E - equiaxed grains, SC - single crystal situated axially.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ingot"

1

Jennings, Theodore Lee. "Ingot homogenization." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11240.

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2

Iversen, Fionn. "Meniscus Dynamics in Aluminium Extrusion Ingot Casting." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-527.

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In the modern process of continuous Direct Chill (DC) hot top casting of aluminium extrusion ingot with gas slip, poor surface quality of the cast ingot can still be a problem. In the worst cases pronounced surface wrinkling may occur coupled with periodic zones of reduced grain size, macrosegregation and exudation at the surface. The observed surface irregularities are believed to be linked to periodic oscillations or folding of the free molten aluminium surface in the mould, the meniscus, resulting in varying solidification conditions. The focus of this work is to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the meniscus and the effect it has on ingot surface formation.

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Jönsson, Johan. "Design Solution for Ingot Handling and Machining." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för maskin- och materialteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85467.

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At the electro remelting slag (ESR) facility at Uddeholm, cylindrical steel ingots are produced in several different sizes. The ESR process requires a “starting step” that consist of a 20mm thick steel plate and is a little larger than the diameter of the ingot. During casting the steel plate is inevitably welded to the ingot, also a protective slag layer is also present and flows on top of the melt when the ingot is produced. This layer is sacrificial and is removed before forging. The plate consists of a different and unwanted material composition and must be removed at some point to ensure the best material properties of the ingot. Current process steps at Uddeholm causes the steel plate to be smeared out on the high-quality ingot. The “impure” part of the ingot leads to extra waste and costs after forging. The ingots are cast vertically but needs to be positioned horizontally to be transported to the forge, this is done using an overhead crane and a clamp. This maneuver exerts excessive stress that damages the crane and the clamp sometimes fails and drops the ingot. Because of the high-risk steps during ingot handling as well as the extra waste that is created due to the starting step, the purpose of this thesis is to develop a solution that can: move the ingots from a vertical to a horizontal position in a controlled manner, a method to remove the starting step before forging and reduce the overall risks during ingot handling. The goal is to develop a complete concept that solves the problems mentioned so that the solution can later be realized.To get a deeper understanding of the current procedures and problems, visits and meetings at Uddeholm were carried out. This master thesis builds on the principle of the product development process. Interviews with operators, managers, and other impacted employees at Uddeholm were conducted in order to specify a product specification. To make the project more fathomable, six sub functions were defined. Later a concept generation session using the principles of brainstorming was held with engineers and managers at Uddeholm to find new, plausible solutions to the problems. The results from the session were reviewed and some solutions were discarded directly. Solutions that passed the screening was scored using a weighted decision matrix based on a Kesselring matrix.The chosen concepts were: milling to remove the starting step, “rotary axis grab” to rotate the ingots, a conveyor belt to transport slag, a vacuum and conveyor belt to remove chips, a roll bed with V-pallets to handle and transport the ingots, and let the slag fall of naturally when horizontal. These solutions fulfill almost all of Uddeholm’s requirements and will significantly increase the safety and profitability. The new solutions also bring in high flexibility for production and will free up time for the operators.The lifting tool of the solution needed to be structurally verified to prove it is a valid option. This was done by analyzing the maximum stress in one part of the tool. The results gave that it was indeed a feasible solution.The whole product development process has proven helpful for this machine system. It has especially proven useful for documenting all decisions made throughout the project. This makes it easier for Uddeholm to adopt the solution and develop it further and later realize it.

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ASUMADU, TABIRI KWAYIE. "MACRO INCLUSION RESEARCH : DETECTION AND EVALUATION OF MACRO INCLUSIONS IN SPECIAL STEELS." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101452.

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If these macro inclusions are not detected before the material is put in used, its mechanical properties are greatly affected and this can lead to outrageous consequences in the engineering application.

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Wu, Yaping. "Numerical analysis of direct-chill casting of aluminum ingot." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=672.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 150 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-89).

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6

Hintzman, Brian C. (Brian Christopher) 1968. "Capactiy analysis for multi-product, parallel-site aluminum ingot production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9985.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 76).
by Brian C. Hintzman.
M.S.

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Lorenz, Michael. "Berechnungsmodelle zur Beschreibung der Interaktion von bewegtem Sägedraht und Ingot." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-130678.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Aufgabe makroskopische Berechnungsmodelle zur Beschreibung des Drahtsägens zu erarbeiten. Ziel ist es, die wesentlichen Effekte abzubilden und den Einfluss von Prozessparametern auf die Dynamik des Systems zu bestimmen. Ein zentraler Punkt ist die Modellierung des bewegten Sägedrahtes. Durch die dem Kontinuum an den Auflagern aufgeprägte Führungsbewegung sind einerseits die Randbedingungen und andererseits ortsfest auf den Draht wirkende Lasten nichtmateriell. Die korrekte kinematische Beschreibung dieses Sachverhaltes ist essentielle Grundlage für die spätere Anwendung des Prinzips von HAMILTON. Durch die Führungsbewegung, die Formulierung der Kontaktkräfte als Folgelasten und durch explizit zeitabhängige Systemparameter ergibt sich ein kompliziertes Systemverhalten. Die dargestellten Berechnungsergebnisse umfassen Studien zu stationären Lagen, die Berechnung von Eigenfrequenzen, Stabilitätsnachweise des dynamischen Grundzustandes, die Bestimmung von Zeitlösungen und die Simulation des Materialabtrages beim Einschnitt
The aim of the present thesis is to generate macroscopic models to describe the wire sawing process. The principal purpose is to illustrate basic effects and to investigate the influence of important process parameters relating to the dynamics of the system. A fundamental point is the modeling of the moving wire. Because of the axially movement of the continuum the boundary conditions and spatial acting loads are non-material. The precise kinematical description of this issue is the pre-condition for the correct evaluation of HAMILTON’s principle to characterize the dynamics of the system. The resultant complex system behavior is a consequence of the movement of the wire, of the formulation of the contact forces as follower loads and of explicitly time-dependent model parameters. The results of research contain studies of steady state equilibrium solutions and the proof of their LJAPUNOW stability, the calculation of eigenfrequencies, steady state time solutions under harmonically oscillating contact forces and the simulation of the material removal during the cutting process

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Kim, Hak Sung. "STUDY ON UNIFORM NEUTRON IRRADIATION FOR SILICON-INGOT IN NEUTRON TRANSMUTATION DOPING." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151902.

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Svensson, Jennie. "Plant Experiment Using a Swirl Blade in the Uphill Teeming Process." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58923.

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The purpose of this thesis has been to evaluate the use of a swirl blade in the uphill teeming process through plant trials. Two series of trials were carried out at Scana Steel Stavanger AS. In the trials a divergent entrance nozzle with a 62° outlet angle were used when casting duplex stainless steel on a base plate with two 6.2 tons ingots. All molds were burned onto the ingots; leading to problems with emptying the ingots from the molds and severe damages on the molds. To get a better insight during the casting and understand why the molds were burned onto the ingots; during the second series of trials one mold on each base plate were filmed in the beginning of the casting process. Evaluation of the castings indicated that splashing on the mold wall at an initial stage was one reason for the mold burned onto the ingot. Further, material samples were collected to evaluate the non-metallic inclusion composition and distribution with SEM when casting with a swirl blade compared to when casting without. The area percentage of the inclusions in the samples was 1% and 2% for samples casted with and without swirl blade respectively with d=2.8 mm. The inclusion size also varied for samples casted with and without swirl blade; 98% of the inclusions were in the size range of 0-10 μm when casted with and in the size range 0-20 μm when casted without swirl blade.
Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utvärdera användningen av swirlblad i götgjutningsprocessen. Två serier med försök har utförts på Scana Steel Stavanger AS. I försöken användes en inloppssten med 62°-vinklat utlopp, där duplexa rostfria stål göts på stigplan med två 6,2 tons kokiller. Alla kokiller brände fast på göten, vilket ledde till svårigheter vid urtag av göten samt skador på kokillerna. För att få en bättre förståelse av varför kokillerna brände fast, filmades ett göt på vardera stigplan under den andra försöksserien. Utvärdering av försöken indikerar att en anledning till att kokillerna brände fast på göten var att det stänkte upp stål på kokillväggen i ett tidigt stadium. Vidare har materialprover samlats in för att utvärdera sammansättningen samt utspridningen av icke-metalliska inneslutningar i SEM då göt gjutits med swirlblad jämfört med utan. Area procenten i proverna var 1% och 2% då proverna gjutits med respektive utan swirlblad, med d=2.8 mm. Även storleken på inneslutningarna i prover som gjutits med och utan swirlblad skiljde sig åt, 98% av inneslutningarna var i storleksintervallet 0-10 μm för prover gjutna med swirlblad medan de som gjutits utan var i storleksintervallet 0-20 μm.
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10

Ahmed, Shatil S. "Study of deformation processing of Structural Porous Metals." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1178817532.

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Books on the topic "Ingot"

1

Skrebt͡sov, A. M. Snizhenie raskhoda izlozhnit͡s na metallurgicheskikh predprii͡atii͡akh. Kiev: Gol. izd-vo izdatelʹskogo obʺedinenii͡a "Vyshcha shkola", 1987.

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Ancient Egyptian pot bellows and the oxhide ingot shape. Oxford, U.K: DE Publications, 1987.

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Catanoiu, Amalia-Maria. The effect of ingot chemistry on free cutting steels. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.

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Mogilev, V. K. Povyshenie stoĭkosti izlozhnit͡s︡ i prokatnykh valkov. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1986.

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Pan, Bifang. Optimisation of thermomechanical processing of Ingot [gamma] TiAl-based alloys. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Balakrishnan, Anantaram. Selecting ingot sizes for joint order processing in sheet manufacturing. [Cambridge, Mass: Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology], 1994.

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Symposium, on "Ladle Metallurgy of Steel for Continuous Casting and Ingot Teeming" (1986 Hamilton Ont ). Ladle metallurgy of steel for continous casting and ingot teeming. Hamilton, Ont., Canada: Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1986.

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Kuksa, A. V. Chugunnye stalerazlivochnye izlozhnit͡s︡y. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1989.

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Natayuda, Suratman. Pembuatan ingot silikon kualitas metalurgi dari pasir silika dengan proses elektrolitik garam lebur. Bandung: Puslitbang Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, Badan Litbang Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2011.

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Henderson, S. Structural refinement of ingot and continuously cast products by the application of vibrational energy. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ingot"

1

Grandfield, J. F. "Remelt Ingot Production Technology." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 1003–11. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647783.ch127.

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Mills, Kenneth C., and Carl-Åke Däcker. "Fluxes for Ingot Casting." In The Casting Powders Book, 223–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53616-3_7.

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Grandfield, J. F. "Remelt Ingot Production Technology." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 1003–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48228-6_127.

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Shaber, Craig, and Dave Spilker. "Wagstaff Epsilon™Ingot Casting Technology: Ingot Characteristics and Metallurgical Structure." In Aluminium Cast House Technology, 285–99. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787304.ch26.

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Sergerie, F. A., and N. B. Bryson. "Reduction of Ingot Bottom “Bowing and Bumping” in Large Sheet Ingot Casting." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 710–11. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647783.ch89.

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Sergerie, F. A., and N. B. Bryson. "Reduction of Ingot Bottom “Bowing and Bumping” in Large Sheet Ingot Casting." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 710–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48228-6_89.

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Dorrity, I. A., B. J. Garrard, and D. A. Hukin. "Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Silicon Ingot Production." In Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 317–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3622-8_81.

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Mazer, Jeffrey A. "Non-Ingot and Novel Technologies." In Solar Cells: An Introduction to Crystalline Photovoltaic Technology, 169–212. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0475-3_5.

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Joseph, Carolyn, Samuel R. Wagstaff, and Antoine Allanore. "Circulation of Grains During Ingot Casting." In Light Metals 2017, 967–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0_116.

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Ishii, Yon. "HDC Process for Small Diameter Ingot." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 598–604. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647783.ch73.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ingot"

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"Preface: Ingot Niobium Summary." In SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4935314.

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Myneni, Ganapati Rao, and Andrew Hutton. "Introduction to Ingot Niobium." In FIRST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3579219.

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Rakita, Milan, and Qingyou Han. "Simulation of Solidification Defects for Prediction of Dross Formation in Aluminum 5182 Remelt Secondary Ingot." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84160.

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In aluminum recycling about 4% on average is lost on oxidation and dross. However, large percent of remelt secondary ingots (RSI) produce much more dross after remelting. It is rather surprising that no dross can be detected in the RSI, but after remelting some parts of apparently ‘healthy’ aluminum can give up to 80% of dross. This raises question how dross gets formed. Recent research proposes that the formation of dross after remelting of the RSI is closely related to the solidification process in the ingot, specifically the formation of shrinkage porosity, hydrogen porosity, and hot tearing. Under these circumstances, dross comes from oxidized surfaces of those defects. In this paper, simulations of the RSI cooling down show susceptibility of ingots towards shrinkage porosity and hot tearing, which are in accordance with experimental findings. Simulations also show that dross is more likely to form with increased temperature of the mold and increased thickness of the ingot. The only efficient solution for the problem of dross formation, however, seems to be a change in geometry of the mold.

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Pilotelli, Mariagrazia, Renato Santulli, and Adriano Maria Lezzi. "Ingot and mould temperature measurements during the production of large size steel ingots." In International Heat Transfer Conference 12. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc12.3540.

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Li Jian Hua, Li Zhen Wei, and Zhao Rong. "Aluminum ingot clamping process dynamics modeling and analysis based on the aluminum ingot flip Device." In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isam.2013.6643492.

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Lopez, Luis Felipe, Joseph J. Beaman, and Rodney L. Williamson. "A Reduced-Order Model for Dynamic Vacuum Arc Remelting Pool Depth Estimation and Control." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-5958.

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Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is an industrial metallurgical process widely used throughout the specialty metals industry to cast large alloy ingots. A reduced-order model of the growing and solidifying ingot was developed specifically for dynamic control and estimation of the depth of molten liquid pool atop the ingot in a VAR process. This model accounts only for the thermal aspects of the system ignoring high-fidelity physics such as fluid flow and electromagnetic effects. Spectral methods were used to obtain a set of nonlinear dynamic equations which capture the transient characteristics of liquid pool shape variations around a quasi-steady operating condition. These nonlinear equations are then linearized about this operating condition and further simplified by suppressing fast modes. The resulting system can be described by only six state variables. The reduced order model compares favorably to pool depth changes predicted by an accurate finite-volume model. A first approach to use this model in the design of a dynamic VAR pool depth estimator and controller is also proposed.

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Ragazzoni, Roberto, Elisa Portaluri, Valentina Viotto, Marco Dima, Maria Bergomi, Federico Biondi, Jacopo Farinato, et al. "Ingot Laser Guide Stars Wavefront Sensing." In Adaptive Optics for Extremely Large Telescopes 5. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26698/ao4elt5.0096.

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Nweke, I. "Pusher Furnace Ingot Chair Failure Analysis." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018mst/2018/mst_2018_1012_1019.

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Nweke, I. "Pusher Furnace Ingot Chair Failure Analysis." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018/mst_2018_1012_1019.

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Coppard, Rémi, Pascal Coulon, Yoichi Koyama, and Masaki Endo. "Impact of Carbon Macrosegregation on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Alloy Steel Forgings." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-94059.

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Abstract Macrosegregation in large steel ingots is a known phenomenon: it corresponds to an uneven distribution of alloying elements in the bulk of the as-solidified ingot, over macroscopic scales, caused by the difference in solubility of these elements in the liquid and solid phases. As the ingot solidifies, these elements (mainly carbon, sulfur and phosphorus) concentrate in the liquid phase and are carried to the top of the ingot by convective currents. This process produces large regions of heterogeneity that can negatively impact the mechanical properties of the resulting steel. Westinghouse is in charge of the manufacture of twelve steam generators (SG) for Electricité de France (EDF), for which the main forged parts are made of 20MND5 low alloy steel. Due to the context and concerns in France, and more broadly in the nuclear industry, on carbon macrosegregation in large scale forgings, Westinghouse led studies with the forgemaster The Japan Steel Works (JSW) in order to assess the influence of carbon content on mechanical properties of such forgings. The present paper aims at introducing the investigation work carried out by Westinghouse, in partnership with JSW, in order to analyze the effect of increasing carbon on the 20MND5 low-alloy steel tensile and impact toughness properties. This work was performed through: - A thorough review of the existing literature; - The manufacture of forged plates mock-ups, metallurgically representative of the SG channel head, containing various carbon contents (namely 0.18wt.%, 0.21wt.%, 0.26wt.% and 0.29wt.%); - The testing of above plates to assess the evolution of tensile (tensile strength Rm, 0.2% yield strength Rp0.2 and percentage elongation after fracture) and impact properties (absorbed energy and transition temperature).

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Reports on the topic "Ingot"

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Sikka, V. K., C. R. Howell, F. Hall, and J. Valykeo. Microstructural and mechanical property characterization of ingot metallurgy ODS iron aluminide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/330687.

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Das, Subodh K. Modeling and Optimization of Direct Chill Casting to Reduce Ingot Cracking. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862129.

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Das, S. K., S. Ningileri, Z. Long, K. Saito, M. Khraisheh, M. H. Hassan, K. Kuwana, et al. Modeling and Optimization of Direct Chill Casting to Reduce Ingot Cracking. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940314.

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Grimm, Terry, Jerry L. Hollister, Ahren Kolka, and Ganapati Rao Myneni. CRADA 2009S001: Investigation of the Supercondcuting RF Properties of Large Grain Ingot Niobium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1059035.

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Johnson, W. R., and J. P. Smith. Fabrication of a 1200 kg Ingot of V-4Cr-4Ti alloy for the DIII-D Radiative Divertor Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/629290.

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Dr. Zabaras, N. J., D. Samanta, and L. Tan. A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach for the Design of Mold Topography that Leads to Desired Ingot Surface and Microstructure in Aluminum Casting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850514.

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Iyer, Ananth, Michael Hoeck, and Amanda Thompson. INDOT Customer Service. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313374.

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McCullouch, Bob. INDOT Technical Training Plan. Purdue University, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314668.

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Mostafavi, Ali, and Dulcy Abraham. INDOT Construction Inspection Priorities. Purdue University, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314669.

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Eberts, Ray, Jodi Goodman, and Bob McCullouch. INDOT Training Needs Study. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313250.

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