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Stachel, Suzanne M. "International Nongovernmental Organizations and Development." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1271691749.
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Jennings, Theodore Lee. "Ingot homogenization." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11240.
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Pickering, Edward John. "Macrosegregation in steel ingots." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708651.
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Thomas, Brian Gordon. "Investigation of panel crack formation in steel ingots using mathematical and physical models." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25980.
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An investigation of panel crack formation in steel ingots was undertaken
to improve understanding of the mechanisms by which they develop and to evaluate possible solutions to the problem. The investigation revealed that two distinct types of panel cracks, both of which are partly caused by intermediate-temperature embrittlement of steel involving aluminum nitride precipitation, operate under different mechanisms. Isothermal, physical modelling experiments were conducted to determine the flow patterns, velocity profiles and flame geometry in a bottom-fired soaking pit and the resultant effects on heat transfer. An investigation involving comparison with analytical solutions determined the optimum numerical method to employ for the mathematical modelling of complex, two-dimensional, transient, heat-conduction problems. This method was formulated to calculate the temperature distribution in a steel ingot during the various processing stages from initial casting up to rolling and was verified with industrial measurements. A transient, elasto-visco-plastic, thermal-stress model employing the finite-element method was formulated, developed and verified using analytical solutions. Based on the temperatures calculated by the finite-element, heat-transfer model as input data, the transient, internal stress state of the ingot was calculated, taking into account the effects of phase-transformation volume changes and kinetics, creep, and temperature-dependent mechanical property behavior. The simulated stress histories were found to be directly linked to the progress of the phase-transformation front and were used to clarify the role of stress generation in panel crack formation. Finally, the results of a metallurgical investigation of steel ingot samples containing off-corner panel cracks were synthesized with the results of the physical and mathematical models to determine mechanisms and to suggest solutions for the formation of both mid-face and off-corner panel cracks. Mid-face panel cracks are apparently formed during air cooling when the mid-face surface is between the Ar₁ and 500 °C. Off-corner panel cracks appear to initiate internally during the early stages of reheating, but do not propagate to the surface until air cooling after removal from the soaking pit.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of
Graduate
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Jones, Michael Rice. "Oxhide ingots, copper production, and the mediterranean trade in copper and other metals in the bronze age." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5957.
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The production and trade in copper and bronze was one of the major features of the
complex societies in the Near East and Mediterranean during the third to first
millennia B.C. While finished metal objects are common finds from the period,
ancient metal ingots and hoards of scrap metal, as well as archaeological evidence of
metallurgical activities, are often more important sources of information for how
ancient technology and trade functioned. Shipwrecks, particularly those found off the
coast of Turkey at Uluburun and Cape Gelidonya, as well as mining and smelting sites
in the Mediterranean region, provide invaluable information on the production and
trade of copper and tin, the main ingredients of bronze. In this thesis, I examine the
evolution of the copper trade in the eastern and central Mediterranean, particularly
during the Late Bronze Age, when âÂÂoxhideâ ingots were widely exported. Finds of
oxhide ingots have increased dramatically in recent years, and no synthesis of all of
this newly available evidence is currently available. I attempt to analyze this new
evidence in relation to older finds and research, with a particular focus on the cargo of
the Uluburun shipwreck, the largest collection of Bronze Age metal ingots from a
single site in the Mediterranean. The history of oxhide ingot production is complex,
but by the Late Bronze Age Cyprus was supplying much of the copper used to
neighboring regions, with revolutionary effects on societies in Cyprus and elsewhere. The archaeological evidence shows that oxhide ingots are early examples of a
standardized industrial product made for export by emerging state-level societies
during the second millennium B.C. and fueled the development of international trade,
metallurgical technology, and complex social institutions in a variety of Mediterranean
societies from Egypt and the Levant, Greece, Cyprus, to Sardinia in the central
Mediterranean.
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ASUMADU, TABIRI KWAYIE. "MACRO INCLUSION RESEARCH : DETECTION AND EVALUATION OF MACRO INCLUSIONS IN SPECIAL STEELS." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101452.
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If these macro inclusions are not detected before the material is put in used, its mechanical properties are greatly affected and this can lead to outrageous consequences in the engineering application.
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Chagas, Aline Pitol. "Ingeae Benth. (Leguminosae – Mimosoideae) no Espírito Santo, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6616.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Ingeae Benth. é uma importante tribo de Mimosoideae, subfamília pertencente à Leguminosae, que compreende cerca de 950 espécies em 36 gêneros, dos quais 24 são endêmicos do Novo Mundo. Apresenta distribuição pantropical e caracteriza-se, principalmente, pelo hábito arbóreo e arbustivo, folhas bipinadas com nectários extraflorais e numerosos estames monadelfos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a diversidade de Ingeae no Espírito Santo, a fim de reavaliar caracteres diagnósticos e a circunscrição das espécies por meio da análise detalhada de coleções botânicas. Os estudos foram realizados entre 2012 e 2014, baseados na análise morfológica de espécimes coletados no Espírito Santo e depositados no acervo de sete importantes herbários estaduais e nacionais. São fornecidas chaves de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos, distribuição geográfica, padrões de distribuição e dados de fenologia. Foram reconhecidas 42 espécies, distribuídas em oito gêneros: Inga (26spp), Abarema (6spp), Albizia (2spp), Calliandra (2spp), Chloroleucon (2spp), Enterolobium (2spp), Leucochloron (1sp) e Zygia (1sp). Destas, 25 espécies (59%) são endêmicas do Brasil, sendo que uma é restrita ao Espírito Santo (Abarema barnebyana). Foram amostradas três novas espécies de Inga, ainda em fase de descrição, além de duas morfoespécies descritas como afins (Inga aff. maritima e Inga aff. sellowiana). Na Floresta Atlântica do Estado, as espécies de Ingeae ocorrem, predominantemente, em Floresta Ombrófila Densa (39 spp), bem como em Restinga (18spp) e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (11spp). Na Floresta Ombrófila Densa, apresentou maior diversidade na Mata de Encosta (35spp) do que em Mata de Tabuleiro (27spp). Inga platyptera, I. maritima e I. unica estão indicadas como ameaçadas no Livro Vermelho da Flora do Brasil. A distribuição de seis táxons foi ampliada para o Espírito Santo: Calliandra bella, C. harrisii, Inga ciliata subsp. ciliata, I. maritima, I. subnuda subsp. luschnathiana e Leucochloron incuriale. Foram definidos os seguintes padrões de distribuição para as 37 espécies de Ingeae identificadas: Neotropical (7spp), América do Sul ocidental-centro-oriental (2spp), Amazônia-Costa Atlântica (3spp), Brasil Centro-Oriental (1sp), Brasil Norte-Oriental (1sp), Brasil Atlântico Nordeste- Sudeste (4spp), Brasil Atlântico Nordeste-Sudeste-Sul (11spp), Brasil Atlântico Sudeste-Sul (2spp), Endêmica sudeste (6spp) e Endêmica Espírito Santo (1sp). Na Floresta Atlântica, 42% (18spp) das espécies são endêmicas do bioma, enquanto as demais espécies podem ocorrer também em Cerrado (14spp), Floresta Amazônica (12spp), Caatinga (7spp) e Pantanal (1sp).
Ingeae Benth. is an important tribe of Mimosoideae, subfamily belongs to the Leguminosae, which comprises about 950 species in 36 genera, of which 24 are endemic to the New World. Presents pantropical distribution and is characterized mainly by tree and shrub, bipinnate leaves with extrafloral nectaries and numerous stamens monadelfos. This study aimed to understand the diversity of Ingeae in the Espírito Santo in order to reassess diagnostic characters and the circumscription of species through detailed analysis of botanical collections. The studies were conducted between 2012 and 2014, based on morphological analysis of specimens collected in the Espírito Santo and deposited in seven major state and national herbarium collection. The study provides Identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments, geographic distribution, distribution patterns and phenology data. 42 species were recognized, distributed in eight genera: Inga (26spp), Abarema (6spp), Albizia (2spp), Calliandra (2spp), Chloroleucon (2spp), Enterolobium (2spp), Leucochloron (1sp) e Zygia (1sp). Of these, 25 species (59%) are endemics to Brazil, being a restricted to Espírito Santo (Abarema barnebyana). Were sampled three new species of Inga, under description, in addition to two morphospecies described as related (Inga aff. maritima e Inga aff. sellowiana). In the Atlantic Forest of the State, the species of Ingeae occur predominantly in Dense Rain Forest (39 spp) and in Restinga (18spp) and Forest Semideciduous (11spp). In the Dense Rain Forest, showed higher diversity in Slope Forest (35spp) than in Tabuleiro Forest (27spp). Inga platyptera, I. maritima e I. unica are listed as threatened in the Red Book of Flora of Brazil. The distribution of six taxa was extended to the Espírito Santo: Calliandra bella, C. harrisii, Inga ciliata subsp. ciliata, I. maritima, I. subnuda subsp. luschnathiana e Leucochloron incuriale. Ten geographical distribution patterns were identified for 37 species identified: Neotropical (7spp), Western-Central-Eastern South America (2spp), Amazonian- Atlantic Coastal (3spp), Central-Eastern Brazil (1sp), North-Eastern Brazil (1sp), Eastern Brazil Northeast-Southeast-South (11spp), Atlantic Brazil Southeast-Northeast (4spp), Atlantic Brazil Southeast-South (2spp), Endemic Southeast (6spp), and Endemic Espírito Santo (1sp). In the Atlantic Forest, 42% (18spp) species are endemic to biome, while other species may also occur in Cerrado (14spp), Amazon Rainforest (12spp), Caatinga (7spp) and Pantanal (1sp).
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Perron, Jean. "Modélisation mathématique simplifiée d'un four de métal chaud /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1987. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Lavoie, Yvon. "Modélisation tri-dimensionnelle et en régime transitoire des fours d'homogénéisation /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Kattumuri, Vijayalakshmi. "Gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4398.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on May 6, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Beil, Wendel Leme 1974. "Projeto e montagem de um sistema para lingotamento contínuo sob agitação eletromagnética para ligas de Al-Si." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265805.
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Orientador: Eugênio José ZoquiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: O presente trabalho visa desenvolver um projeto e executar a montagem e teste de um sistema de lingotamento contínuo, aprimorado com o uso da agitação eletromagnética, para a fabricação de lingotes de ligas de Al-Si com estrutura refinada de grãos. Durante seu desenvolvimento, o projeto almejou o estabelecimento de parâmetros construtivos do equipamento, bem como os parâmetros de processamento para obtenção dos lingotes. Os parâmetros estudados foram a altura de metal fundido na cavidade do molde, velocidade de lingotamento, temperatura de vazamento e rugosidade da cavidade do molde. Após serem determinados os parâmetros construtivos e de processamento, procedeu-se a obtenção dos lingotes propriamente ditos, em duas condições de refrigeração: refrigeração primária, somente no molde metálico, e refrigeração primária e secundária (com sistema de refrigeração na saída do lingote). Para cada uma dessas condições foram obtidos lingotes sem a aplicação do campo magnético e, sob a agitação eletromagnética a 1500 W com o campo magnético variando de 12 a 20 Gauss e 3000 W com o campo magnético variando de 22 a 38 Gauss. De posse dos lingotes seguiu-se a caracterização microestrutural por meio de análise metalográfica convencional e análise metalográfica por polarização de imagem, que buscou verificar a eficiência do sistema no refino de grãos. A condição de otimização alcançada sugere a fabricação de ligas de Al-Si nas seguintes condições: a temperatura de vazamento adotada foi de 800 ºC, rugosidade da cavidade do molde de Ra = 0,06 µm, velocidade de lingotamento 3 mm/s e altura de metal fundido na cavidade do molde de 15 a 20 mm, em que alcançou-se o tamanho de grãos com 178 µm e espaçamento interdendrítico de 125 µm, com uma potência de 1500 W e campo magnético de 12 a 20 Gauss
Abstract: This work aims to develop a project and implement the assembly and testing of a continuous casting system , enhanced with the use of electromagnetic stirring to manufacture ingots of Al-Si alloys with refined grain structure. During its development the project aspired to establishing constructive parameters of the equipment, as well as the establishment of the processing parameters for obtain ingots. The parameters studied were: the molten metal height in the mould cavity, the casting speed, the casting temperature, and the roughness of the mould cavity. After setting the construction and processing parameters were obtained obtain the ingots in two cooling conditions: primary cooling (considering only the metal mould), and primary and secondary cooling (with the ingot cooling system in the output). For each of these conditions were obtained ingots without applying the electromagnetic field and with electromagnetic stirring in 1500 W with a variation of electromagnetic field between 12 to 20 Gauss, and 3000 W with a variation eletrocmagnetic field between 22 to 38 Gauss. In possession of ingots followed the microstructural characterization by conventional metallographic analysis and metallographic analysis by polarization imaging, which aims to evaluate the efficiency of the grain refining system. The process optimized condition suggests the manufacturing Al-Si alloy in the following conditions: the pouring temperature was 800 °C, the mould cavity surface roughness Ra = 0.06 µm, casting speed is 3mm/s and molten metal height in the mould cavity of 15 to 20 mm where grain size up to 180 µm and interdendritic spacing of 125 µm, with a power of 1500 W and electromagnetic field of 12 to 20 Gauss
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Svensson, Jennie. "Plant Experiment Using a Swirl Blade in the Uphill Teeming Process." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58923.
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The purpose of this thesis has been to evaluate the use of a swirl blade in the uphill teeming process through plant trials. Two series of trials were carried out at Scana Steel Stavanger AS. In the trials a divergent entrance nozzle with a 62° outlet angle were used when casting duplex stainless steel on a base plate with two 6.2 tons ingots. All molds were burned onto the ingots; leading to problems with emptying the ingots from the molds and severe damages on the molds. To get a better insight during the casting and understand why the molds were burned onto the ingots; during the second series of trials one mold on each base plate were filmed in the beginning of the casting process. Evaluation of the castings indicated that splashing on the mold wall at an initial stage was one reason for the mold burned onto the ingot. Further, material samples were collected to evaluate the non-metallic inclusion composition and distribution with SEM when casting with a swirl blade compared to when casting without. The area percentage of the inclusions in the samples was 1% and 2% for samples casted with and without swirl blade respectively with d=2.8 mm. The inclusion size also varied for samples casted with and without swirl blade; 98% of the inclusions were in the size range of 0-10 μm when casted with and in the size range 0-20 μm when casted without swirl blade.Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utvärdera användningen av swirlblad i götgjutningsprocessen. Två serier med försök har utförts på Scana Steel Stavanger AS. I försöken användes en inloppssten med 62°-vinklat utlopp, där duplexa rostfria stål göts på stigplan med två 6,2 tons kokiller. Alla kokiller brände fast på göten, vilket ledde till svårigheter vid urtag av göten samt skador på kokillerna. För att få en bättre förståelse av varför kokillerna brände fast, filmades ett göt på vardera stigplan under den andra försöksserien. Utvärdering av försöken indikerar att en anledning till att kokillerna brände fast på göten var att det stänkte upp stål på kokillväggen i ett tidigt stadium. Vidare har materialprover samlats in för att utvärdera sammansättningen samt utspridningen av icke-metalliska inneslutningar i SEM då göt gjutits med swirlblad jämfört med utan. Area procenten i proverna var 1% och 2% då proverna gjutits med respektive utan swirlblad, med d=2.8 mm. Även storleken på inneslutningarna i prover som gjutits med och utan swirlblad skiljde sig åt, 98% av inneslutningarna var i storleksintervallet 0-10 μm för prover gjutna med swirlblad medan de som gjutits utan var i storleksintervallet 0-20 μm.
JK24053
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Ahmed, Shatil S. "Study of deformation processing of Structural Porous Metals." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1178817532.
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Wagstaff, Samuel Robert. "Jet processing of direct chill cast aluminum ingots." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108965.
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Thesis: Sc. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Macrosegregation of solute elements during casting operations has been a subject of observation, discussion, and research for several hundred years. The unique casting conditions found in the Direct-Chill aluminum casting process can lead to significant accumulation and depletion of solute elements throughout the cast product. In particular, the center of ingots are generally characterized by a depletion of up to 20 % of solute elements. In this investigation we confirm the dominant role mobile, solute-depleted grains play on magrosegregation along ingot centerlines. We propose that avalanche events drive the grains from the solidification front to the ingot center. In order to demonstrate and control this preferential settling, we propose the use of a turbulent jet to re-suspend the avalanching grains. An analytical expression is derived in order to optimize the dimension of the jet with the goal of minimizing centerline segregation. We then performed a series of experiments in order to validate the analytical expression across ingot dimensions and alloy families. Our experiments indicate that the use of a properly sized turbulent jet can reduce the degree of centerline segregation by up to 70% from standard conditions.
by Samuel Robert Wagstaff.
Sc. D.
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Kuběnová, Monika. "Hodnocení homogenity ingotů slitiny Ni-Ti metodou DSC." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216478.
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Alloy NiTi with nearequiatomic composition of nickel and titan belongs to a group of metal materials with a shape memory effect (Shape memory alloys). NiTi alloys are a guite attractive materials not only as practical shape memory alloys with hight strenght and ductility but also as those exhibiting unique physical properties. The production of these matrerials is complying with chemical composition. Final charakteristics of alloy are influenced by these bounderies and also by mechanical-heat treatment. This work deal with DSC evaluation of homogenity of ingot structure of NiTi alloy containing 50,8 at.% Ni. The alloy was melted in Y2O3 cricible. In the end the results of DSC method are compared to the microstructure of alloy obtained by SEM and TEM methods.
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Jakubčíková, Lucie. "Návrh technologie a ověření výroby malých ocelových ingotů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401512.
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The thesis deals with the design of ingots from duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steels in terms of minimal occurrence of axial porosity. The optimal shape and dimension of the ingot and the casting conditions are determined based on numerical simulations. The resulting internal quality of the realized ingot is evaluated. The presence of shrinkage porosity is determined by penetrant testing. The degree of chemical heterogeneity, the extent of macrosegregation, of selected elements in given ingot locations is measured by an optical emission spectrometer. Segregation values are compared with simulation results. The micro-purity of the ingot is assessed on the basis of metallographic samples.
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Iversen, Fionn. "Meniscus Dynamics in Aluminium Extrusion Ingot Casting." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-527.
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In the modern process of continuous Direct Chill (DC) hot top casting of aluminium extrusion ingot with gas slip, poor surface quality of the cast ingot can still be a problem. In the worst cases pronounced surface wrinkling may occur coupled with periodic zones of reduced grain size, macrosegregation and exudation at the surface. The observed surface irregularities are believed to be linked to periodic oscillations or folding of the free molten aluminium surface in the mould, the meniscus, resulting in varying solidification conditions. The focus of this work is to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the meniscus and the effect it has on ingot surface formation.
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Jönsson, Johan. "Design Solution for Ingot Handling and Machining." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för maskin- och materialteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85467.
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At the electro remelting slag (ESR) facility at Uddeholm, cylindrical steel ingots are produced in several different sizes. The ESR process requires a “starting step” that consist of a 20mm thick steel plate and is a little larger than the diameter of the ingot. During casting the steel plate is inevitably welded to the ingot, also a protective slag layer is also present and flows on top of the melt when the ingot is produced. This layer is sacrificial and is removed before forging. The plate consists of a different and unwanted material composition and must be removed at some point to ensure the best material properties of the ingot. Current process steps at Uddeholm causes the steel plate to be smeared out on the high-quality ingot. The “impure” part of the ingot leads to extra waste and costs after forging. The ingots are cast vertically but needs to be positioned horizontally to be transported to the forge, this is done using an overhead crane and a clamp. This maneuver exerts excessive stress that damages the crane and the clamp sometimes fails and drops the ingot. Because of the high-risk steps during ingot handling as well as the extra waste that is created due to the starting step, the purpose of this thesis is to develop a solution that can: move the ingots from a vertical to a horizontal position in a controlled manner, a method to remove the starting step before forging and reduce the overall risks during ingot handling. The goal is to develop a complete concept that solves the problems mentioned so that the solution can later be realized.To get a deeper understanding of the current procedures and problems, visits and meetings at Uddeholm were carried out. This master thesis builds on the principle of the product development process. Interviews with operators, managers, and other impacted employees at Uddeholm were conducted in order to specify a product specification. To make the project more fathomable, six sub functions were defined. Later a concept generation session using the principles of brainstorming was held with engineers and managers at Uddeholm to find new, plausible solutions to the problems. The results from the session were reviewed and some solutions were discarded directly. Solutions that passed the screening was scored using a weighted decision matrix based on a Kesselring matrix.The chosen concepts were: milling to remove the starting step, “rotary axis grab” to rotate the ingots, a conveyor belt to transport slag, a vacuum and conveyor belt to remove chips, a roll bed with V-pallets to handle and transport the ingots, and let the slag fall of naturally when horizontal. These solutions fulfill almost all of Uddeholm’s requirements and will significantly increase the safety and profitability. The new solutions also bring in high flexibility for production and will free up time for the operators.The lifting tool of the solution needed to be structurally verified to prove it is a valid option. This was done by analyzing the maximum stress in one part of the tool. The results gave that it was indeed a feasible solution.The whole product development process has proven helpful for this machine system. It has especially proven useful for documenting all decisions made throughout the project. This makes it easier for Uddeholm to adopt the solution and develop it further and later realize it.
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Brash, Benjamin. "Distortions of Press Quenched Crown Wheels." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170022.
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Scania has experienced difficulties with large variations of the slope of the back plane after press quenching of case hardened crown wheels of especially type R780 Steg supplied from ingot cast material. This leads to that a large number of crown wheels has to be remeasured and sorted according to back slope which is time consuming for operators. Also, after sorting of the crown wheels, hard machining has to be adjusted according to the different slopes of the back plane of the crown wheels. In some cases, it also leads to scrapping of the crown wheels.This master’s thesis was divided in two parts. The aim of the first part was to confirm that the crown wheel type and casting technique that exhibits the largest variations in slope of the back plane is the R780 Steg originating from ingot cast material. The crown wheel types that were compared were the R780 Steg, R780 Slät and R885 Slät. Crown wheels manufactured from ingot cast material and from continuous cast material were compared. Hence, 6 combinations were examined. The slope of the back plane was measured with the measuring probe FARO after press quenching. The slope of the crown wheels was found to depend on both casting technique and the geometry of the crown wheel. The results confirmed that the crown wheel type and supplier combination that by far yields the largest variations in slope of the back plane is the R780 Steg supplied by Steel Plant A who uses the ingot casting technique. For this combination the variation exceeds 0,1 mm. All other combinations of crown wheels and suppliers yield acceptable variations.The second part of this master’s thesis was composed of determining if segregations in the cast ingot are the cause of the variations in slope of the back plane of the crown wheel type R780 Steg. This was done by measuring if there is a correlation between the slope of the back plane of the crown wheel after press quenching, the chemical composition and the original position of the crown wheel in the ingot. As in the first part of the study, the distortion was measured by the measuring probe FARO. The samples were sent to Degerfors Laboratorium for chemical analysis. Analyses of C, S and N were made by using combustion analyses. For As, P, B and Al optic spectrometry (spark) was used. All other elements were analysed by x-ray fluorescence. Segregations were found to be present and in combination with the geometry of R780 Steg to be the cause of the large variations in slope of the crown wheels.The results of this thesis show that, for the crown wheel type R780 Steg, Scania should not use suppliers that employ the ingot casting technique. Instead, only suppliers using the continuous casting technique should be used. However, for the other crown wheel types ingot or continuously cast material can be used.
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Lai, Nan-Woei. "The critical ingate velocity in Mg and Al alloys." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408835.
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Wagstaff, Samuel R. "Experimental observations and analysis of macrosegregation in rolling slab ingots." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98314.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-47).
The increased demand for aluminum as a primary structural metal stems from a quest in automotive, aerospace, and marine industries to be more energy efficient and sustainable. This unprecedented demand drives aluminum casting methods towards increased productivity looking to, cast larger ingots faster. The unfortunate consequence of this approach is an enhanced variation of metallurgical properties over the cross section of slab ingots. Rolling slab ingots of AlCu4.5 using a typical Direct-Chill casting technique have been cast and sectioned for analysis. This alloy allowed us to compare our results with the available literature and to elucidate the marked differences in spatial variation of microstructure and composition found in radial and lateral symmetry castings. In an attempt to couple conventional theory with our results, sump and temperature profiles were measured in-situ and modeled using a commercial finite element analysis software package. The combination of experimental and modeling results indicate that the variations in the cooling parameters through the cross section are largely responsible for the spatial variances in metallurgical properties, pointing to a possible refinement of DC casting parameters.
by Samuel R. Wagstaff.
S.M.
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Wu, Yaping. "Numerical analysis of direct-chill casting of aluminum ingot." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=672.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 150 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-89).
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Wang, Wenqi. "Hot working of ingots by increasingthe roll diameter during bar rolling." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177554.
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In last ten years, the size range of dimensions program has increased and therefore the hot rolling process needs to be analysed and improved. The bar mill at Ovako Sweden AB in Hofors intends to increase the current roll diameter to improve the rolling capacity and to remove the existing bottleneck within the production flow. Therefore, this project is carried out to study the hot working of ingots within the current rolling setup, aiming to evaluate the subsequent change on ingot central deformation and porosity related to roller dimension. In this project, two plant trials are executed at Ovako Sweden AB and after the trials; analyses on ingot central deformation and central porosity are performed respectively with samples from the two trials. The results suggest that, after the first rolling stage, larger diameter rolls results in less pore defects but gives similar central deformation. Indicated from the results, the ingot is likely to have less central porosity but equal central deformation by increasing the roll diameter. After this project, we get a better perspective of the potential to boost the rolling capacity with a new larger roll and the subsequent quality benefits.
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Hintzman, Brian C. (Brian Christopher) 1968. "Capactiy analysis for multi-product, parallel-site aluminum ingot production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9985.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 76).
by Brian C. Hintzman.
M.S.
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Lorenz, Michael. "Berechnungsmodelle zur Beschreibung der Interaktion von bewegtem Sägedraht und Ingot." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-130678.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Aufgabe makroskopische Berechnungsmodelle zur Beschreibung des Drahtsägens zu erarbeiten. Ziel ist es, die wesentlichen Effekte abzubilden und den Einfluss von Prozessparametern auf die Dynamik des Systems zu bestimmen. Ein zentraler Punkt ist die Modellierung des bewegten Sägedrahtes. Durch die dem Kontinuum an den Auflagern aufgeprägte Führungsbewegung sind einerseits die Randbedingungen und andererseits ortsfest auf den Draht wirkende Lasten nichtmateriell. Die korrekte kinematische Beschreibung dieses Sachverhaltes ist essentielle Grundlage für die spätere Anwendung des Prinzips von HAMILTON. Durch die Führungsbewegung, die Formulierung der Kontaktkräfte als Folgelasten und durch explizit zeitabhängige Systemparameter ergibt sich ein kompliziertes Systemverhalten. Die dargestellten Berechnungsergebnisse umfassen Studien zu stationären Lagen, die Berechnung von Eigenfrequenzen, Stabilitätsnachweise des dynamischen Grundzustandes, die Bestimmung von Zeitlösungen und die Simulation des Materialabtrages beim EinschnittThe aim of the present thesis is to generate macroscopic models to describe the wire sawing process. The principal purpose is to illustrate basic effects and to investigate the influence of important process parameters relating to the dynamics of the system. A fundamental point is the modeling of the moving wire. Because of the axially movement of the continuum the boundary conditions and spatial acting loads are non-material. The precise kinematical description of this issue is the pre-condition for the correct evaluation of HAMILTON’s principle to characterize the dynamics of the system. The resultant complex system behavior is a consequence of the movement of the wire, of the formulation of the contact forces as follower loads and of explicitly time-dependent model parameters. The results of research contain studies of steady state equilibrium solutions and the proof of their LJAPUNOW stability, the calculation of eigenfrequencies, steady state time solutions under harmonically oscillating contact forces and the simulation of the material removal during the cutting process
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SILVA, Francismeire Bonadeu da. "A Tribo Ingeae bentham (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae) na floresta nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil." UFRA/MPEG, 2010.
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A tribo Ingeae Benth. compreende 36 gêneros, destes 24 são endêmicos do Novo Mundo, de 935 a 966 espécies, que se difundem nas regiões tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas. Para o Brasil são estimados 16 gêneros, 302 espécies, 10 subespécies e 46 variedades. O presente estudo objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade de espécie dessa tribo na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã. Foram reconhecidos sete gêneros, 27 espécies, uma subespécie e duas variedades. O gênero mais representativo foi Inga Mill. com 17 espécies distribuídas em sete seções: Inga seção Bourgonia (/. alba (Sw.) Willd., I. hrachyrhachis Harms, I. cylindrica (Vell.) Mart., /. laurina (Sw.) Willd. e 1. microcalyx Spruce ex Benth.); Inga seção Inga (/. edulis Mart.); Inga seção Leptinga (/. gracilifoliã Ducke, I. paraensis Ducke e I. ohidensis Ducke); Inga seção Longiflorae (/. grandiflora Ducke, I. longiflora Spruce ex Benth., I. micradenia Spruce ex Benth. e I. ruhiginosa (Rich.) DC.); Inga seção Multijugae (/. thihaudiana DC. subsp. thihaudiana); Inga seção Pseudinga
(/. capitata Desv. e I. stipidares DC.) e Inga seção Tetragonae (/. macrophylla Humb. & Bonpl. ex Wilk). Em seguida vem Abarema Pittier, que está representado por três espécies (A. jupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip, A. mataybifolia (Sand.) Bameby & J. W. Grimes e Abarema sp.); Calliandra Benth. com duas espécies (C. surinamensis Benth. e Calliandra sp.); Zygia P. Browne com duas espécies e uma variedade (Z racemosa (Ducke) Barneby & J. W. Grimes e Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle var. lasiopus (Benth.) Barneby & J. W.
Grimes); Enterolobium Mart. {E. schomburgkii (Benth.) Benth.); Hydrochorea Barneby & J. W. Grimes (H. corymbosa (Rich.) Barneby & J. W. Girmes) e Macrosamanea Britton & Rose ex Britton & Killip (M pubiramea (Steud.) Bameby & J. W. Grimes var. pubiramea). São apresentas chaves de identificação, descrições e ilustrações dos táxons, além de dados adicionais sobre distribuição geográfica, comentários e fenologia.
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Kruse, Susan Elizabeth. "Viking age silver ingots from England and Wales and their economic implications." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732952.
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Safra, Leandro Cesar Pereira Gomes. "Obtenção de fios em ligas de cobre para utilização em linhas de transmissão e em eletrodos para contatos elétricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-20122011-165234/.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento de fios de liga de cobre-cromo-zircônio (CuCrZr) em uma composição estabelecida em Cu-0,7%Cr- 0,1%Zr (em massa). Nas etapas desenvolvidas, foram feitos botões de cobrecromo (CuCr) e cobre-zircônio (CuZr) em um forno a arco elétrico de eletrodo não consumível, sendo esses botões, posteriormente, fundidos junto com cargas de cobre em um cadinho de alumina (Al2O3) inserido no interior de um vaso de aço inoxidável, que serviu como suporte. Após a fusão dos botões e cargas, o banho foi vazado em uma coquilha de cobre, obtendo-se os tarugos da liga de cobre. Dos tarugos em estado bruto de fusão, foram retiradas amostras para ensaios de dureza Vickers. Nesses tarugos foi feito um tratamento térmico de homogeneização a 910 °C por 2 h. Os tarugos foram posteriormente trabalhados mecanicamente a frio por forjamento rotativo seguido de trefilação, para obtenção final dos fios no calibre de 2,174 mm. Os fios passaram por dois tratamentos térmicos de recristalização, um a 510 °C por 1 h e outro de 480 °C por 5 h. Os fios foram caracterizados mecanicamente por ensaios de tração e de dureza e os resultados foram comparados com dados experimentais da literatura.The objective of this work is the development of copper alloy wire-chromiumzirconium (CuCrZr) in a chemical composition Cu-0,7% Cr-0,1% Zr (weight). The main steps were, buttons were made of copper-chromium (CuCr) and copperzirconium (CuZr) in an electric arc furnace, these buttons were later melted with copper charge in a alumina crucible, placed inside a stainless steel can which served as a support. After melting buttons and charge, the bath was poured into a copper chill mold obtaining copper alloy billets. From the as cast cooper alloy billets, small samples were cut for Vickers hardness and then, a homogenizing heat treatment at 910 °C for 2 h was performed. The billets were then mechanically cold worked by swaging followed by drawing to obtain the wires with a diameter of 2,174 mm. The wires are mechanically characterized using tensile and hardness testing after recrystallization heat treatment at 510 °C for 1 h and at 480 °C for 5 h and the results were compared with experimental data from literature.
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Yurgel, Charles Chemale. "Efeito da agitação eletromagnética nas propriedades de aços AISI 1025 forjados a quente." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96296.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do processo de agitação eletromagnética (AE) utilizado no lingotamento contínuo (LC) e nas propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas dos aços ABNT 1025 (com adições de manganês e silício) forjados a quente, para a confecção de flanges de tubulações industriais. As matériasprimas fornecidas foram caracterizadas através de composição química e macrografia. Compararam-se os aços provenientes de três condições de fornecimento: 1º) LC sem AE somado à laminação a quente (LQ); 2º) LC com AE; e 3º) LC sem AE. Em seguida, foram extraídos billets de seção quadrada de 120mmx120mmx58mm das três condições citadas para subsequentes forjamentos a quente e fabricação de flanges. Assim, são mostrados os resultados das propriedades obtidas e a comparação com a norma de validação ASTM A 105 (especificação padrão para forjados de aço carbono para aplicação em tubulações) utilizada nesse tipo de forjado. Através da norma, foram verificados os requisitos químicos e ensaios de tração e de dureza. As propriedades foram, também, analisadas através de metalografias (macro e micro), ensaios de impacto e ensaios não destrutivos de líquidos penetrantes. Através da teoria elementar da plasticidade, os valores requeridos para a força de forjamento da peça em estudo, durante o processo de forjamento a quente, foram estimados em caráter formativo e didático. De acordo com os fundamentos teóricos observados na revisão bibliográfica e com os resultados práticos obtidos, constatou-se a aprovação dos aços provenientes do LC com AE como alternativa aos provenientes da LQ (tradicionalmente fornecidos às forjarias) para a confecção de flanges forjados desse tipo de aço. Na análise dos forjados provenientes do LC sem AE também ocorreu a reprovação de diversos resultados, mostrando o efeito da AE como alternativa para as propriedades desse tipo de forjado.The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the process of electromagnetic stirring (ES) used in continuous ingot (CI) in the mechanical and metallurgic properties of 1025 ABNT hot forged steels (with the addition of manganese and silicon) for the manufacture of flanges of industrial pipes. At first, the supplied raw materials were characterized trough chemical compound and macrograph. Then, steels from the following three supplying conditions [ 1º) CI without ES plus hot rolling (HR); 2º) CI with ES; and 3º) CI without ES] were compared. Afterwards, billets were extracted from a square section measuring 120mmx120mmx58mm, from the three previous conditions, to be hot forged and to the manufacture of connection flanges. Thus, the results from these properties and the comparison with the validation norm ASTM A 105 (standard specification for steel-carbon forgings for the application in pipes) for this type of forged are shown. Through this norm, chemical requirements, tension and hardness tests were verified. The properties were also analyzed through metallographies (macro and micro), impact tests and non-destructive tests of penetrating liquids. Through the elementary plasticity theory, the demanded values for the forging force of the studied piece, during the hot forging process, were estimated as didactic and formative natures. According to the theoretical substances observed in the bibliography and to these practical results, the steels from CI with ES were approved as an alternative to the ones from HR (traditionally supplied to forging companies) to the manufacture of forged flanges of this type of steel. Moreover, in the analysis of forgings from CI without ES, the disapproval of various results also occurred, showing the effect of ES as an alternative to the properties of this type of forging.
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Baack, Fica Alfred, Silva Henry Neira, and Torres Pamela Olivares. "Informe Plan de Negocios INGEVE S.A." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/135255.
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Tesis para optar al título de Magíster en AdministraciónEl gobierno fijó como meta para el año 2010 tener al país digitalmente desarrollado, lo que implica la creación de una sólida infraestructura tecnológica en las PYMES. Junto a ello, la economía muestra su segundo año de alto crecimiento económico después del impacto de la crisis asiática, situación que se estima continúe dado la expansión económica mundial. Se estima que la demanda por redes continuará expandiéndose, ya que actualmente el presupuesto de TI para una empresa sólo representa el 2.1% de la facturación, por debajo del 3.8% de países desarrollados, mientras que las expectativas de crecimiento en el presupuesto de TI es de un 8.4% para los años 2006-20071. Por otro lado, estudios2 muestran que las actuales empresas que ofrecen los servicios de TI presentan una mala evaluación en el cumplimiento plazos de los proyectos y entregan un deficiente de servicio de post venta. Si a ello agregamos que en la quinta región no existe una oferta adecuada, creemos que se configura una buena oportunidad para la oferta de servicios de TI a través de Ingeve S.A. en esta zona. Ingeve S.A. utilizará una estrategia de diferenciación en un nicho, el cual se enfoca en empresas constructoras medianas, supermercados regionales, municipalidades e instituciones públicas de la quinta región. Para ello nuestro sistema de ejecución de los proyectos busca maximizar el beneficio percibido por el cliente en cada una de las etapas del proyecto, poniendo especial atención en el cumplimiento de los plazos. Por ser un negocio altamente técnico, las ventas serán lideradas por el gerente general. Él cuenta con más de 10 años en este tipo de negocios y con cerca de 100 proyectos realizados. Actualmente ya está en conversaciones con clientes potenciales, con lo cual esperamos realizar durante el primer año proyectos con cinco de ellos. Creemos que no lograr un número adecuado de clientes y no alcanzar precios de acuerdo a los márgenes planteados son nuestros principales riesgos. El retorno del proyecto a un plazo de 5 años es de 121%, mientras que descontado a una tasa del 35% se logra un VAN positivo de MM$97. Uno de los atractivos que tiene este proyecto es la reducida inversión inicial, se estima en MM$20. Para el inicio del proyecto se ofrece participación de 25% para cada socio, porcentaje que los socios gestores tendrán la posibilidad de incrementar durante los primeros tres años. De esta manera nace un negocio con altas posibilidades de ser rentable, aceptado y estable en el tiempo.
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Weaver, Donald S. "Thermomechanical Processing of a Gamma-Prime Strengthened Cobalt-Base Superalloy." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543508199900005.
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Krňávek, Štěpán. "Optimalizace technologie lití pod tlakem odlitku vakuové pumpy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231431.
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Diploma thesis deals with optimization of technological process casting a die cast, which is part of vacuum pump. The die cast is made from alloy AlSi9Cu3(Fe) in foundry KOVOLIT, a. s. There is a problem with inner defects at this cast. Solution of this thesis is to suggest suitable actions to minimize of incidence the defects in the cast. According to analysis of the defects in the cast these defects were classified as combination of shrinkages and gas holes. According to analysis causes of the defects are high temperature of die mould and closed air in die mould. As a result suitable actions were suggested – a change of the die mould tempering and a design adjustment of the cast. In case of implementing a new die mould in the manufacture a new gating system was designed. Suitability of the new gating system was assessed according to simulation of filling die cavity.
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Holmkvist, Sandra, and Lina Lidström. "Av inget, kommer inget? : Hur förändras revisionspraktiken och vad beror det på?" Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34910.
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Almqvist, Johan, and Martin Holmgren. "Inget förtroende, Inget köp : En studie hur förtroendet för influencers påverkar konsumtionsvanor." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38629.
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Within today's society, social media has grown to become a more common thing than most. In Sweden, almost 83 % of the population use social media. With this marketing growth, a role that have become more common is the term ‘influencer’. Whereas an influencer is someone who inspires people in any sort of way by using social media platforms, such as Instagram. The marketing strategy that has evolved through influencers is called ‘influencers marketing’ and is a commonly used marketing strategy in today’s reality. However, the question that companies must ask themselves is - How will this affect consumers? By studying how ‘influencer marketing’ affect consumers whom all follow influencers on Instagram - this study presents which factors have a more deciding role when it comes to being affected by influencer marketing. Whereof we have had several semi-qualitative interviews regarding questions such as; how trustworthy a person finds influencers and if influencer marketing affects a person's consumer behaviour. The results of this study show that consumers feel a certain trust to influencers whereof this study presents 4 factors that affects an individual's ‘trust’. The result showed for example that a person value, genuity and personal connection to an influencer. The trust that an individual has towards influencers showed to have a direct connection to consumer behaviour.I dagens samhälle har sociala medier växt fram och blivit allt vanligare. Hela 83% av internetanvändarna i Sverige använder sig av sociala medier (Karlsson 2018). En roll som har uppmärksammats på sociala medier är begreppet influencer. En influencer är en person som via sina sociala medier kan påverka och inspirera andra människor. Varav denna studie fokuserar på sociala medie-plattformen Instagram. Begreppet influencer är dock något som en stor mängd människor inte vet om vad det betyder (Kádekova & Holienčinová 2018). Detta är ett problem för framförallt företag som vill använda sig av influencer marketing. Problemet ligger i att det är svårt att veta vilken genomslagskraft en influencer har på konsumenterna. Denna studie ämnar därför att undersöka om en konsument känner förtroende för influencers samt om de påverkar en individs konsumtionsvanor. Denna studie är av den kvalitativa forskningsansatsen eftersom det är känslor och upplevelser som studerats. Därav valdes det att utföra semistrukturerade intervjuer för att få djupgående svar från respondenterna. Intervjuerna utfördes på 12 stycken respondenter som alla är mellan åldrarna 18–25 år. Åldersspannet är en medveten avgränsning då tidigare forskning visar på att influencers har mest påverkan på dessa åldrar. Svaren från intervjuerna är den data som används i undersökningen, det vill säga ingen sekundärdata har tagits i beaktning vid resultatet. Resultatet inom studien visade att konsumenter känner förtroende för influencers och studien har kommit fram till ett antal faktorer som bidrar till förtroende. Bland annat att en influencer visar genuinitet eller att en konsument känner en personlig anknytning till influencern. Det förtroende en konsument har för en influencer visade sig ha en direkt påverkan på en individs konsumtionsvanor.
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Sarnet, Jan. "Interaction between the alloying content, cast structure and forging process for large ingots /." Stockholm : Industrial Engineering and Management, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4072.
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Chandrasekharan, Srinivasan. "Optimization of preheating schedules for nickel base superalloy ingots using finite element analysis." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399563165.
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Tan, Zhe. "Some Aspects of Improving Initial Filling Conditions and Steel Cleanliness by Flow Pattern Control Using a Swirling Flow in the Uphill Teeming Process." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117718.
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The flow pattern has widely been recognized to have an impact on the exogenous non-metallic inclusion generation in the gating system and mold flux entrapment in the uphill teeming process. Thus, a well-controlled flow pattern during the teeming process can improve the quality of ingots and further increase the yield during steel production. The current study focused on investigating and optimizing the flow pattern of steel in the gating system and molds to improve steel cleanliness during the initial filling moment. A mathematical model considering a trumpet was initially compared to a reduced model only considering part of the runner channel. Thereafter, the influence of swirl blades implemented at the bottom of the vertical runner on the improvement of initial filling conditions in the molds was investigated in a model considering the entire mold system including a trumpet. The effects of a swirl blade orientation on a swirling flow were further discussed. The simulation results, when utilizing swirl blades, were also verified by plant trials performed at Scana Steel. In addition, a new novel swirling flow generation component, TurboSwirl, was studied in a model considering the entire mold system including a trumpet. The model was based on modifications of the refractory geometry at the elbow of the runners near the mold without the usage of an inserted flow control device in the gating system. Owing to its great potential for improving the flow pattern of steel during the initial filling moment, the effect of TurboSwirl on steel cleanliness was also studied. The results showed that the initial filling conditions during the uphill teeming process can be improved by using a swirl blade or a TurboSwirl in the gating system. This makes it possible to further decrease the initial position of mold powder bags. In addition, it reduces the possibilities of exogenous non-metallic inclusion generation in the gating system as well as mold flux entrapment in the mold during the uphill teeming process. However, the utilization of swirl blades created a considerable amount of droplets when steel entered the molds during the first couple of seconds, which also was verified by the plant trials. The introduction of TurboSwirl showed a greater potential than a swirl blade due to a more evenly distributed swirling flow. The DPM model adopted in the simulations revealed that the TurboSwirl can improve steel cleanliness by increasing the non-metallic inclusion collision rate both with respect to Stokes and turbulent collisions.QC 20130204
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Hallén, Björn, and Beatrice Ulfvin. "Utan operatörer inget samband." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36999.
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Nästan varje organisation är beroende av sina anställda i någon form t.ex. deras kompetens, att det finns tillräckligt många för att lösa organisationens uppgifter eller att de trivs och utför de uppgifter de är ålagda att lösa. Personalen identifieras ofta därför som en nyckelkompetens, bland de viktigaste av en organisations resurser. Detta gäller även inom Sveriges Försvarsmakt. År 2010 ändrades förutsättningarna för Försvarsmakten avseende hur att personalförsörja organisationen. Det gamla personalförsörjningssystemet var baserat på en pliktlag, där personer var tvungna enligt lag att tjänstgöra en begränsad tid inom Försvarsmakten. Detta ersattes av ett frivilligbaserat personalförsörjningssystem. Det går ut på att att all personal är frivilligt anställda, de söker jobb hos Försvarsmakten som soldat eller sjöman. Nu, åtta år senare, är det intressant att ta reda på hur det går. Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa vilka delar i empirin (kategorier) som skapar bidragande faktorer till den ansträngda bemanningssituationen för sambandsoperatörer inom flottan idag. Detta sker genom att i studien söka efter faktorer som har en påverkan på nu rådande situation och vad som kan förändras för att eventuellt göra tjänsten inom flottans sambandsorganisation mer attraktiv. Både för dem som redan är anställda och för dem som ännu ej är anställda. Detta sker genom att med personintervjuer bygga empiri kring frågeställningen och med kvalitativ dataanalys söka efter faktorer kopplat till denna. Resultatet visar på flera faktorer som huvudsakligen har sitt ursprung inom organisationsteorin. Några exempel av dessa är: informationsspridningen överlag inom organisationen ofta uppfattas som seg, ibland otydlig och motsägelsefull. de administrativa uppgifterna som åläggs mellancheferna tar upp alldeles för stort fokus från mellanchefernas huvuduppgifter. den begreppsförvirring som uppstått inom organisationen i samband med systemskiftet gör att det är svårt att hålla reda på vem som behöver komplettera med vilken utbildning för att passa in “i det nya”. Slutligen för vi en diskussion om huruvida resultatet av studien kan visa på att Försvarsmakten troligen underskattat svårigheterna med övergången från plikt-till frivilligsystem. Det arbete som krävdes inom organisationen för att anpassa sig och förbereda en sådan övergång blev genomfört under stor tidspress och organisationen lever med bieffekterna av det än idag.
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Graffeo, Elizabeth Marie. "Evaluating Human Rights INGOs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30821.
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Over the past several decades, the numbers of international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) that focus on tackling human rights issues have grown rapidly. These organizations operate internationally and work with governments, legislatures, social movement leaders, activists, donors, and individual citizens. As the number of operating INGOs has risen dramatically, researchers have simultaneously begun to investigate the possibility of creating a global civil society that would govern itself in order to maintain peace, create global solidarity and achieve human rights. This research investigates the role of nonprofit organizations in developing a global civil society by evaluating U.S.-based organizations that are tapping into an often-uninvolved subset of societyâ American donors.Master of Public and International Affairs
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Rammler, Sascha [Verfasser], Ingolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Max, Ingolf [Gutachter] Max, and Christoph [Gutachter] Hubig. "Der Begriff `technologisches Artefakt´ im Kontext von Handlungsrepräsentationen / Sascha Rammler ; Gutachter: Ingolf Max, Christoph Hubig ; Betreuer: Ingolf Max." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1240627335/34.
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Kim, Hak Sung. "STUDY ON UNIFORM NEUTRON IRRADIATION FOR SILICON-INGOT IN NEUTRON TRANSMUTATION DOPING." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151902.
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Widén, Louise, and Emma Andersson. "Den som inget frågar, får inget veta : Sjuksköterskors professionella möte med våldsutsatta kvinnor." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16861.
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Våld mot kvinnor är ett stort problem i dagens samhälle. Våldet har stora effekter på kvinnors hälsa och sjukvården har ett optimalt läge i att upptäcka och hjälpa kvinnorna ur våldssituationen. Sjuksköterskan är ofta den första inom vården som möter kvinnorna. Möten med våldsutsatta kvinnor omges av utmaningar för sjuksköterskan både på ett professionellt och personligt plan. Syftet med studien var att belysa bemötande och omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv. Utifrån analys av 12 vetenskapliga artiklar framkom fyra faktorer som arbetets resultat bygger på. För att sjuksköterskor skall vårda våldsutsatta kvinnor på ett optimalt vis behövs kunskap om våld, ett bra förhållningssätt gentemot patienten, god hantering av egna känslor samt förståelse av miljöns betydelse. Samtliga faktorer har ett stort samband med varandra och är grundläggande för sjuksköterskor i mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Pågående forskning inriktas på att fördjupa kunskap och insatsmetoder för organisationer och myndigheter i bekämpandet av våld. Grundutbildningen för sjuksköterskor borde inkludera undervisning om våld i närarelation och förbereda sjuksköterskor för att kunna hantera den emotionella press som kan uppstå i mötet med våldsdrabbade kvinnor.Violence against women is a major problem in today’s society. The violence has a great impact on women's health and the healthcare system has an ideal location to detect and help women from violence situation. Nurses are often the first healthcare staff to face the women. Meeting with abused women are surrounded by challenges for nurses, both on a professional and personal level. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the treatment and care of abused women from a nursing perspective. Based on analysis of 12 research articles four factors was exposed and finding building. For nurses to care for abused women in an optimal way, they need to know about violence, have a good approach towards the patient, proper management of their own feelings and understanding of the importance of the environment. All the factors have a great connection with each other and are essential for nurses in the meeting with abused women. Current research focuses on deepening knowledge and input methods for organizations and authorities in the fight against violence. Basic education for nurses should include education about domestic violence and prepare nurses to cope with the emotional pressures that may arise when dealing with violent women.
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McElhaney, Carla Budzian. "The saxophone and piano version of Ingolf Dahl's Concerto for alto saxophone : a guide to performance for the collaborative pianist /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Carruthers, Clive Alexander. "Les Nomades globaux : langue d'instruction et société; étude sur certains Nomades globaux scolarisés dans des établissements francophones lorsqu’ils vivaient à l’étranger." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34489.
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Depuis les années 1950, des chercheurs comme Useem, Pollock, Van Reken et d’autres se sont interrogés sur le sujet des enfants qui ont grandi dans plusieurs pays. Cependant, la grande majorité de ce corpus vise les enfants ayant été scolarisés dans des établissements anglophones même s’il existe de nombreux établissements francophones hors la France. Ce projet vise cette population.
Nous nous sommes demandés s’ils faisaient partie d’une double minorité, premièrement la minorité de Nomades Globaux (NG) mais dans cette population s’ils faisant partie d’une minorité francophone de NG. Pour ce faire, nous avons conduit des entrevues semi-structurées avec 12 participants en utilisant un cadre théorique construit autour de l’habitus de Pierre Bourdieu.
Bien que nous ne puissions tirer de conclusions générales, il semble que ces NG ne se sentent pas comme faisant partie d’une double minorité.
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A, Kader Roweida, and Ali Kausar Abdullahi. "Hör inget, ser inget och säger inget : En kvalitativ undersökning om idéburna organisationers syn på obenägenheten att avlägga vittnesmål i marginaliserade områden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183183.
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Residents in marginalized areas tend to show a lower level of confidence in the criminal justice system and carry out police reports and testimonies to the criminal justice system to a lesser extent than residents in other areas. In this scientific essay, a qualitative study is conducted to analyze the disinclination to leave testimonies and report crimes in marginalized areas, along with researching possible ways to improve the residents relationship with the criminal justice system. The theoretical framework for this study consists of Žižeks theory of violence, territorial stigma and social exclusion. The sample group for the study is advocates in non-profit organizations operating in marginalized areas. Using a semi-structured interview method, this study’s empirical findings reveals that a critical view of the criminal justice system, lack of confidence in the criminal justice system, ambivalent feelings about the residential area and mass medias stigmatizing effects are believed to cause a reluctance to cooperate with the criminal justice system in marginalized areas. Furthermore, our findings show that an admittance of the existence of racism within the justice system, increased communication, cultural competence, and safe meeting places are believed to improve the relationship between the residents and the criminal justice system.
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Ingold, Albert [Verfasser]. "Erstplanungspflichten im System des Planungsrechts. / Albert Ingold." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1238357539/34.
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Aufrance, Robert E. "Playwright of loneliness : a Lacanian-based investigation of loss within the full-length works of William Inge /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164489.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.Leaf iv does not have the abstract. Abstract is missing from this dissertation. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves -179-193). Also available on the Internet.
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Shuster, Riley Evan. "Modeling of aluminum evaporation during electron beam cold hearth melting of titanium alloy ingots." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44553.
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Electron beam cold heart melting (EBCHM) is a consolidation and refining process capable of consolidating titanium scrap and sponge material into high quality titanium alloy ingots. Unlike other consolidation processes for titanium, EBCHM is efficient in removing both high and low density inclusions. During the final stage of casting in EBCHM, operators must balance the potential to form large shrinkage voids, caused by turning off the electron beam heating, against the tendency to evaporate alloying additions, which occurs if the top surface remains molten. To this end, a comprehensive understanding of the evaporation and fluid flow conditions occurring during the final stage of EBCHM is required in order to optimize ingot production. This research focused on developing a coupled thermal, fluid flow and composition model, capable of predicting the temperature, fluid flow and composition fields within an EBCHM cast, Ti-6Al-4V ingot. The physical phenomena of thermal and compositional buoyancy, mushy zone flow attenuation and aluminum evaporation were incorporated in the model formulation. Industrial scale experiments were carried out at the production facilities of a leading industrial producer of titanium to provide data and measurements used for model verification. The model has been used to study the effects of variation of electron beam power input and hot top time duration on the evaporative losses and position of solidification voids. Model predictions for liquid pool profile, last liquid to solidify and composition fields are in good agreement with the industrially measured results. Sensitivity analysis was performed by varying electron beam power and hot top duration independently and observing the effect on the composition fields and last liquid to solidify. For the cases examined, there was a strong correlation between electron beam power and alloying element losses, while hot top duration variation results indicated a stronger dependence on last liquid to solidify than on alloying element losses. Therefore a classic optimization problem arises between balancing hot top duration with alloying element losses.
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Laczik, Z. "Scanning infra-red microscope studies of inhomogeneities in Si and GaAs ingot materials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316864.
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Peterson, Lindsey Patricia. "Foreign Aid, INGOs and Development: A Cross-National and Longitudinal Examination of the Global Development System." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313091770.
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