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Journal articles on the topic 'Inguinal Canal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 March 2023

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1

Osuoji, Roland I., and Michael A. Bankole. "Do Infants and Children have Measurable Inguinal Canals?" Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 33, no. 3 (December 15, 2013): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8355.

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Introduction: Herniotomy is a common procedure performed by Paediatric Surgeons. However, opinions differ as to whether to open the inguinal canal when performing this procedure or not. Those who advocate performing herniotomy without opening the inguinal canal believe that in early childhood, the superficial inguinal ring is directly superimposed on the deep inguinal ring, there being no appreciable inguinal canal in this age group. Our study was planned to open the inguinal canal and simply measure the distance between the pubic tubercle medially and the inferior epigastric vessels laterally. Finding a measurable inguinal canal in all cases studies debunks the belief that the superficial inguinal ring frequently overlaps the deep inguinal ring. Materials and Methods: From October 2007 to September 2008 and from May 2012 to April 2013 the inguinal canals of 75 children from 1 day to 2 years old were measured during herniotomies and orchidopexies. Premature babies were excluded from this study. The inguinal canals were all opened. Using a simple sterilized metallic ruler, the distance between the ipsilateral inferior epigastric vessels and the ipsilateral pubic tubercle was measured. Results: The lengths of the inguinal canals ranged from 1cm to 4.5 cm (mean 2.88cm+/-.71cm SD). The shortest inguinal canal length was 1 cm while the longest inguinal canal was 4.5 cm. Conclusion: Children with inguinal hernia up to the age of 2 years have a measurable inguinal canal and we suggest the excision of the hearnial sac superficial to the external inguinal ring runs the risk of leaving substantial sac behind proximal to the transfixing suture, even when some traction is applied to the sac before applying the transfixing suture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8355 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):182-185

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2

Gusmão, Luiz Carlos Buarque de, Thiago Fortes Pinto Cavalcanti, Renato Wendell Ferreira Damasceno, Antônio José Casado Ramalho, and Jacqueline Silva Brito Lima. ""Coroa mortal": anatomia e importância nas herniorrafias inguinais." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 31, no. 1 (February 2004): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69912004000100009.

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OBJETIVO: O presente estudo visa a fornecer dados anatômicos sobre a incidência, a origem, e o trajeto da artéria que transita pela parede posterior do canal inguinal, permitindo evitar acidentes durante as intervenções cirúrgicas na região inguinal. MÉTODO: Os autores realizaram a dissecação de 40 regiões inguinais de cadáveres fixados. RESULTADOS: Em 38 casos (95%) existia uma artéria, às vezes, de calibre insignificante, que estava presente posteriormente ao canal inguinal. Em 27/38 casos (67,5%), esta artéria representava a "coroa mortal", pois era constituída pela origem anômala da artéria obturatória, na artéria epigástrica inferior, ou representava uma anastomose da artéria epigástrica inferior com a artéria obturatória. Nos 11/38 casos restantes (27,5%), existia uma artéria, de reduzido calibre, que tinha origem na artéria epigástrica inferior, e capilarizava-se, após curto trajeto na parede posterior do canal inguinal. CONCLUSÃO: A existência da "coroa mortal", situada posteriormente ao canal inguinal, sempre implica em risco de hemorragias nas herniorrafias inguinais

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3

Heller, C. Ann, Damian D. Marucci, Tirith Dunn, Elizabeth M. Barr, Michael Houang, and Cristobal Dos Remedios. "Inguinal canal ?lipoma?" Clinical Anatomy 15, no. 4 (June 18, 2002): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.10030.

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4

Figueiredo, Carlos Manoel de Oliveira, Sônia Oliveira Lima, Sebastião Duarte Xavier Júnior, and Caroline Baptista da Silva. "Morfometria dos canais e anéis inguinais de fetos natimortos e cadáveres adultos humanos e sua relação com as hérnias inguinais." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 36, no. 4 (August 2009): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69912009000400013.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar as diferenças anatômicas na região inguinal de fetos e adultos do gênero masculino, assim como a existência de uma possível base morfológica para a maior incidência de hérnias inguinais à direita em crianças e adultos. MÉTODOS: Foram dissecados 20 fetos natimortos e 20 cadáveres humanos adultos in natura, todos do gênero masculino, comparando-se o comprimento do canal inguinal, o maior diâmetro dos anéis inguinais superficial e profundo em ambos os lados de cada cadáver e a existência ou não de superposição entre os anéis superficial e profundo. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas, nos dois grupos, diferenças significativas na comparação das medidas dos anéis profundos e superficiais, assim como dos canais inguinais, com seus respectivos contralaterais em cada espécime. Entretanto, houve diferença significativa entre os diâmetros dos anéis inguinais homolaterais, sendo o anel superficial maior do que o profundo nos fetos (p = 0,0002) e nos cadáveres adultos (p < 0,0001). A razão canal inguinal/altura mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p<0,0001), evidenciando que o canal inguinal em fetos é relativamente mais curto que em adultos. Foi observada, também, superposição dos anéis inguinais superficial e profundo ipsilaterais em dois fetos, porém não houve em nenhum dos adultos. CONCLUSÃO: A morfometria dos canais e anéis inguinais não justifica a maior incidência de hérnia do lado direito no gênero masculino.

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5

Guillén Paredes, M. Pilar, Diego Martínez Gómez, Mónica Mengual Ballester, M. Jose Cases Baldó, and Jose Luis Aguayo Albasini. "Leiomioma del canal inguinal." Cirugía Española 86, no. 6 (December 2009): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ciresp.2008.10.015.

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6

Mbouché, Landry, E. Njuma Tamufor, K. G. Fossi, A. S. Salihou, D. E. C. Dikongue, Salihou Fadi, Bienvenu Binwe, and F. F. Mouafo Tambo. "Right Transverse Testicular Ectopia: A Nonclassified Variant Confirmed on Laparoscopy." Case Reports in Urology 2021 (October 8, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4096762.

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Transverse testicular ectopia is a rare anomaly characterized by testicular descent into the scrotum through the same inguinal canal. Here, we report the case of a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with transverse testicular ectopia wherein both testes descended through separate inguinal canals. He underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy which helped to identify both spermatic cords entering both inguinal canals separately. During scrotal exploration, both testes were found in the same side. Transseptal orchidopexy was performed. The short-term follow-up is uneventful.

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7

Kumar, Vipin, Jignesh Patel, Chakraprabha Sharma, and Suman Inkhiya. "MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF INGUINAL CANAL ON CADAVER." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 6, no. 2.1 (April 5, 2018): 5172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.147.

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8

Patel, R., P. Chana, J. Armstrong, and R. Lawrence. "Leiomyosarcoma of the inguinal canal." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 96, no. 6 (September 2014): e8-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588414x13946184902208.

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We describe a rare case of a leiomyosarcoma in the inguinal canal in a patient presenting clinically with an inguinal hernia. The clinical details, histological findings and surgical management are reviewed.

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9

Любых, E. Lyubykh, Черных, A. Chernykh, Закурдаев, and E. Zakurdaev. "Modern Views on Surgical Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal at the Inguinal Hernias." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 3 (September 5, 2014): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5913.

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The purpose of this work is to study surgical anatomy in the patients with inguinal hernias of various kinds. Material. This work is performed on 41 corpses with inguinal hernias. Topographic and anatomical dissection of the inguinal canal with measurement of the linear parameters of anatomical structures, histological examination of specimens of the internal oblique abdominal muscles, the transverse fascia of the abdomen were carried out. Results. The authors have studied the structure of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal in the patients with oblique, direct, supravesical and inguinal-scrotal hernias. At persons with direct and supravesical inguinal hernias, a deformation is observed, mainly, in the medial inguinal fossa and supravesical fossa, showing great value inguinal gap, bland crescent aponeurosis, thinning of the transverse fascia of the abdomen. Increase of deep inguinal rings is observed in persons with oblique inguinal hernias. Dystrophy of abdominal muscles has always with inguinal hernias, and it is pronounced in the patients with inguinal-scrotal hernias. Conclusions. At surgical treatment of patients with direct inguinal hernias it is necessary to carry out correction of a posterior wall of the inguinal canal, in the patients with oblique inguinal hernias the anterior wall of the inguinal canal has to be surely restored. In the application of mesh materials in patients with large inguinal hernias, the results of treatment are doomed to fail, because the endoprosthesis only closes hernial wall that when failure of muscle function will clearly increase.

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10

Podoluzhnyi, V. I., S. M. Lesnikov, and O. V. Shabalina. "Groin hernias: causes, diagnostics, and surgery." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 4, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2019-4-3-113-121.

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Groin hernias occur in 27–48% of men and 3–6% of women during lifetime. Among the causes are inherited or age-related connective tissue or muscular dysplasia, lack of diverticular obliteration in fetal parietal peritoneum, pre-peritoneal lipomas migrating into the hernia ring, and congenital, postpartum, or postoperation dilation of the femoral ring. Physical examination and examination of the preperitoneal space reveals hernia in 93% and 100%, respectively, yet ultrasound examination, computed tomographic peritoneography, magnetic resonance imaging are also employed to confirm the diagnosis. An established technique for the treatment of groin hernias includes opening the inguinal canal, high ligation of the hernia sac, and repair of the inguinal canal, altogether termed herniorrhaphy. Suprapubic or inguinal incision permits closure of the hernia sac without involving the inguinal canal (herniotomy). Implementation of synthetic meshes led to the increase in hernioplasty, i.e. reinforcement of the inguinal canal upon the inguinal canal repair. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) hernioplasty became widely used along with the development of endoscopic surgery. In these techniques, mesh is placed between the peritoneum and transversalis fascia, closing both inguinal canal and femoral ring. Overall, modern surgical techniques reduced the time of treatment, disability and disease recurrence to 1.4–2%.

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11

Chernyh, A. V., E. N. Lyubyh, V. G. Vitchinkin, and E. I. Zakurdaev. "A novel method for assessing valvular mechanism of deep inguinal ring considering the objective topographic anatomical criteria." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 3 (June 15, 2014): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1536.

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Aim. To develop a method to assess the valvular mechanism of deep inguinal ring based on objective topographic anatomical criteria. Methods. The research was performed on 123 native corpses of persons without pathology of the anterior abdominal wall. Morphometric examination of the inguinal canal was carried out. The shape of the inguinal gap was determined, inguinal gap and inguinal canal length was measured, as well as deep inguinal ring length and height and deep inguinal ring height. Oval fissured inguinal gap was revealed in 49 (39.8%) persons, intermediate oval - in 51 (41.5%), triangular - in 23 (18.7%). Results. The dependence of the length of the inguinal canal, inguinal gap length, deep inguinal ring size and its standing height on the inguinal gap shape was examined. The method for an objective assessment of the deep inguinal ring valvular mechanism was proposed. The method is based on determining the deep inguinal ring location in reference to the internal oblique abdominal muscles by estimating the integral rate of the inguinal canal length and the inguinal gap length and deep inguinal ring height. Three options for the deep inguinal ring location: upper lateral, lower medial and boundary location are described. Deep inguinal ring positions were determined by cluster analysis. In cases of upper lateral position, which was observed in 28 (22.8%) of cases, the valvular mechanism of deep inguinal ring was stable. In cases of deep inguinal ring lower medial position (41 cases, 33.3%), the opposite results were gained. In cases of deep inguinal ring boundary location (54 cases, 43.9%), the valvular mechanism is stable, but may become insolvent if destructive changes of the lateral abdominal muscles and deep inguinal ring expansion were present. Conclusion. An objective method of assessing the deep inguinal ring valvular mechanism, based on determining the deep inguinal ring location in reference to the oblique abdominal muscles was developed.

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12

Lee, Sung Ryul. "Laparoscopic Repositioning of Gonads from the Labia Majora or Inguinal Canal into the Abdominal Cavity in Pediatric Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Patients with Inguinal Hernia." Sexual Development 14, no. 1-6 (2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514070.

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Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a congenital condition characterized by a 46,XY karyotype but with a female phenotype caused by mutations in the androgen receptor gene located on the X chromosome. In patients with complete AIS (CAIS), preservation of the gonad is recommended until puberty, and gonadectomy can be regarded subsequently. The location of the gonads should be considered, because positions in the labia majora or inguinal canals can cause discomfort. Here, the laparoscopic reposition of gonads into the abdominal cavity in pediatric patients with CAIS is reported. From 2013 to 2019, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair was performed in 2,061 pediatric patients with inguinal hernias aged <10 years and with female external genitalia. Among them, 11 had CAIS. Gonads located in the labia majora or inguinal canal were repositioned into the abdominal cavity. The mean age was 18.9 months (range 1–110 months). The gonads were located in the inguinal canal in 7 patients, in the labia majora in 3, and in the abdominal cavity in 1. Laparoscopic repositioning of such gonads into the abdominal cavity is feasible in pediatric patients with an inguinal hernia and CAIS.

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13

Любых, E. Lyubykh, Малеев, Yu Maleev, Черных, A. Chernykh, Закурдаев, and E. Zakurdaev. "To the Question about the Peculiarities of the Structure of Transverse Abdominal Fascia at the Persons of Different Sex, Age and with Different Form of the Inguinal Period." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 2 (August 13, 2014): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4990.

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The study was aimed at finding new structural features of the rear wall of the inguinal canal, the use of which allow to improving the prevention of inguinal hernias. The study involved 123 corpses of different sex and age. Anatomical and physiological nature of the valve mechanism inguinal canal, the peculiarities of the structure of the back wall in individuals of different sex and age were revealed; the various forms of inguinal gap were studied. Using cluster analysis of transverse fascia thickness abdominal length and height of the deep inguinal ring was one of three variants of the structure back wall of the inguinal canal: a strong, transient and weak. The technique of determining the location of the deep inguinal ring relative to the edge of the internal oblique abdominal muscles is offered. The use of this technique objectively reflects the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the inguinal canal as a whole. In interpreting the results of a valve mechanism of deep inguinal ring should be considered ineffective in the medial or medial edge of the boundary location of the deep inguinal ring relative to the internal oblique abdominal muscles. Functional and anatomical factors that contribute to the formation of inguinal hernias were identified. It is proved that the triangular shape of the inguinal gap causes a high risk of inguinal hernias. In both sexes the transverse abdominal fascia becomes thinner with age, and the deep inguinal ring increases in size. The obtained data will improve the effectiveness of preventive measures.

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14

Chernykh, A. V., E. I. Zakurdaev, and A. M. Zaytseva. "Topographic and Anatomical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Various Methods Reducing the Height of the Inguinal Space Used in Hernioplasty for Inguinal Hernias." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 7, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-2-95-98.

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Purpose - to evaluate efficiency of different methods reducing height of the inguinal canal with apply in inguinal hernia repair in randomized topographic anatomical study. Material and methods. The randomized topographic anatomical study was performed on 24 unfixed cadavers of male subjects who died at the age of 50.2±6.8 years. The criterion for inclusion in the study was a triangular form of the inguinal canal with a height 2-3 cm. Postoperative cicatrices in the inguinal region, signs of the inguinal hernia and lipoma of the spermatic cord were exclusion criteria. We determined the height of the inguinal canal before and after apply different methods for reducing of this parameter. Results. The dynamic of decrease of the height of the inguinal canal in case apply new method was 30% (from 2.3±0.3 to 1.6±0.2 cm). This result is comparable with the relaxing incision by C. B. MacVay (32%; 2.2±0.4 to 1.5±0.5 cm) and it is larger than the relaxing incisions by R. I. Venglovsky (25%; 2.4±0.2 to 1.8±0.4 cm) and M. M. Ginsberg (14%; 2.2±0.4 to 1.9±0.3 cm). In this case, to apply the performed method compared to relaxing incisions does not destruction of the anterior rectus and appearance of the new hernia portal in the abdominal wall. Conclusion. The developed method of reducing height of the inguinal canal is recommended for approbation in clinical practice because it is effective and safe method.

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15

Ninos, A., G. Douridas, G. Liapi, E. Ajazi, C. Iordanou, S. Pierrakakis, and N. Setakis. "Schwannoma in the inguinal canal masquerading an inguinal hernia." Hernia 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10029-003-0146-9.

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16

Uhlman, Matthew A., Nathan A. Bockholt, and Amit Gupta. "Transitional Cell Carcinoma within a Portion of Inguinally Herniated Bladder." Case Reports in Urology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/610312.

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Bladder herniation within the inguinal canal is a relatively uncommon finding. We report an even less-common occurrence of transitional cell carcinoma located within a portion of inguinally herniated bladder. Fewer than 20 reports exist in the literature describing this scenario.

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M, Azarabadi, Heydari S, Rouhani S, and Ghane Ezabadi M. "Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome in a Man with Unilateral Cryptorchidism : A Case Report." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 2037–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211562037.

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Introduction: Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is a rare form of male pseudo-hermaphroditism characterized by the presence of Mullerian duct structures in an otherwise phenotypically, as well asgenotypically, normal man; only a few cases have been reported in the worldwide literature. A greatvariety of organs have been found in indirect inguinal hernial sacs. Case presentation: We report a case of 28 year old man, father of 2 children with unilateral cryptorchidism on the left side and testis and painful left groin mass. we found uterine tissue extending through the inguinal canal. Conclusions : PMDS is a rare form of male pseudo-hermaphroditism characterized by the presence of Mullerian duct structures in an otherwise phenotypically, as well as genotypically, normal man. Hernia uteri inguinalis is type I of the male form of PMDS, characterized by one descended testis and the herniation of the ipsilateral corner of the uterus and fallopian tube into the inguinal canal. Keywords: mullerian duct syndrome, cryptorchidism

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18

Basnayake, Oshan, Umesh Jayarajah, and Sanjeewa Anuruddha Seneviratne. "Endometriosis of the Inguinal Canal Mimicking a Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck." Case Reports in Surgery 2020 (September 8, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8849317.

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Isolated presentation of endometriosis of the inguinal canal is infrequent, and the clinical and imaging findings may be misleading in such patients. We describe an otherwise healthy female with isolated inguinal endometriosis presenting as a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. Surgeons should consider such unusual presentations and obtain imaging and histological evaluations in doubtful instances. Complete excision was curative in our patient with no evidence of recurrence.

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Shafik, Ahmed, Ali A. Shafik, Olfat El Sibai, and Ismail A. Shafik. "Inguinal Canal Dilatation: A Novel Technique for the Repair of Failed Testicular Descent despite Hormonal Treatment." American Surgeon 74, no. 1 (January 2008): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480807400116.

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Treatment of the undescended testicle (UT) after it failed to descend on hormonal therapy is surgical. Spermatic cord elongation may impair testicular function, particularly in cases in which cord integuments or veins have to be divided to provide an extra cord length. A factor that might impede testicular descent is presence of a narrowed or obliterated inguinal canal. We investigated the hypothesis that dilatation of a narrowed or obliterated inguinal canal might assist spontaneous testicular descent. Twenty-six boys (age 3.6 ± 0.8 years) with unilateral UT and failed hormonal treatment, whose UT was located at deep inguinal ring, were included in the study. Through an inguinal incision, the inguinal canal was dilated, spermatic cord adhesions divided, hernial sac, if present, excised, and skin closed. Testicular descent into the scrotum occurred in 22 patients within 4.2 ± 1.3 months. The remaining four patients were reoperated on by Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy after 14 months. A technique is presented for the treatment of the UT after failure to respond to hormonal treatment. It consisted of clearing the testicular pathway of any adhesions and dilating the narrowed inguinal canal. The technique is simple, easy, and does not interfere with the testicle or spermatic cord.

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20

Cabanas, Jacobo, Rodrigo Gomes da Silva, Paulo Goldstein, Mohan Verghese, and Paul H. Sugarbaker. "Recurrence of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei within the Inguinal Canal." Tumori Journal 91, no. 6 (November 2005): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160509100607.

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Aim and Background Tumor appearing in an inguinal hernia sac indicates widespread carcinomatosis with ascites. A new onset hernia is a common clinical presentation of pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome arising in an appendiceal mucinous tumor. Recurrence of pseudomyxoma peritonei within the inguinal region was previously reported in only a single patient. We present five patients with a recurrence of pseudomyxoma peritonei tumor nodules in the inguinal region following cytoreductive surgery and attempt to understand the etiology of this treatment failure. Methods and Study Design From a database of 910 patients with mucinous appendiceal tumors with peritoneal dissemination who had definitive treatment, five patients who had disease recurrence within the inguinal region were identified. The clinical histories were studied and presented in order to make future recommendations regarding the management of these patients. Results Five patients with ages ranging 39 to 67 years had a mucinous tumor in the inguinal region as a recurrence after a previous cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. One of them had separate recurrence in both right and left inguinal regions. All these patients were made disease-free by the reoperative surgery with a sacrifice of the testicle in four. None have evidence of a recurrence of an inguinal hernia despite the lack of formal repair. Conclusion At the time of initial cytoreductive surgery the surgeon should be aware of the inguinal region as a possible site of relapse. This may be more problematic in patients who have had prior surgery with mucoid fluid in a hernia as the presenting sign of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Inguinal recurrences should be removed with clear margins even if orchiectomy is required.

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Mandhan, Parkash, Zaid Raouf, and Khalid Bhatti. "Infected Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck." Case Reports in Urology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/275257.

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Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck in children is rare. It may present as incarcerated inguinal hernia and necessitates emergency exploration. Risk of infection in hydrocele of the canal of nuck is very rare. We present a case report of a 5-year-old girl who presented with a left tender inguinolabial region swelling with fever, tachycardia, and mild dehydration. The clinical features were suggestive of strangulated left inguinal hernia and further imaging and surgical exploration revealed it to be an infected hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. High ligation and hydrocelectomy were performed. Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck in a female child presenting with an inguinal swelling should be considered in differential diagnosis.

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Prządka, Przemysław, Bartłomiej Liszka, Agnieszka Antończyk, Piotr Skrzypczak, Zdzisław Kiełbowicz, and Dariusz Patkowski. "Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous herniorrhaphy as an alternative to open surgery technique in farm swines." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): e0256890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256890.

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Background Despite numerous experimental studies presenting laparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia in a pig model so far no described technique has been used in clinical patients of this species. Minimal invasiveness and the simplicity of closure of the inguinal canal using the Percutaneous Internal Ring Suturing (PIRS) technique makes it the world’s first technique for laparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia in pigs as clinical patients. Aim This study aims to assess the applicability and effectiveness of the laparoscopic PIRS technique in the treatment of inguinal hernia in pigs as clinical patients and to compare the PIRS technique with the open surgery technique, which is currently being used. Methods The study was conducted on 22 non-castrated male pigs with inguinal hernia (clinical patients), divided into two equal groups: PIRS and open surgery (OS). In the PIRS group, the inner inguinal ring was closed with an optical trocar inserted at the umbilicus level and an injection needle with a suture material inserted percutaneously over the inguinal canal. The suture material was threaded through the inner inguinal ring and then tied, leaving the knot under the skin. As a result to this the inguinal canal was closed. In the OS group the procedure was performed with open access above the inguinal canal where, after dissection of the vaginal processus and reducing the contents of the hernia to the abdominal cavity, it was ligated as close to the inguinal canal as possible, and the wound was then closed in layers. Results All operated pigs returned to full fitness immediately after recovery from anesthesia. There was one case of hernia recurrence in the PIRS group. In the OS group all the operated pigs had a temporary swelling of the postoperative wound and the scrotum on the side of the operated inguinal hernia, which was not found in the PIRS group. Conclusions The effectiveness of the PIRS technique is comparable to that of open surgery. Considering the simplicity of the PIRS procedure and its minimal invasiveness, this technique may be used as an alternative to the open technique in the treatment of inguinal hernias in pigs not subjected to surgical castration.

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Purohit, Naman, Manish Verma, MG Vashisht, OM Prakash Dhillon, and Abhijit Singha. "Low lying pubic tubercle: A predictor of development of inguinal hernia." IP Journal of Surgery and Allied Sciences 3, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jsas.2021.024.

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All the inguinal hernias begin within a single weak area called myopectoneal orifice, the natural mechanisms in our body which support this area are oblique direction of the inguinal canal in abdominal wall, the tension mechanism of transversalis fascia and presence of aponeurotic extensions from the transverse abdominis aponeurotic arch in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. As the distance from pubic tubercle to the horizontal line joining two anterior-superior iliac spine increases, the inguinal canal becomes less oblique that leads to increased risk of development of inguinal hernia. The present project was planned to study the role of low-lying pubic tubercle in development of inguinal hernia. The present case control study was conducted in our institute from June 2018 to April 2019 taking 100 cases and 100 control meeting inclusion criteria. In all patients, following parameters SS line, ST line, height, weight was recorded and evaluated. The mean value of ST line in our study group is7.3476±0.16354cm significantly greater (p=0.05) than the controls the mean value being 6.9242±0.12620cm. Group of people with low-lying pubic tubercle are at high risk of developing inguinal hernia.

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Fataar, Shadley. "CT of inguinal canal lipomas and fat-containing inguinal hernias." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology 55, no. 5 (October 2011): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9485.2011.02288.x.

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Mukhametzyanov, R. M., V. D. Nikiforov, O. N. Ivanov, and Yu G. Filippov. "Direct inguinal hernia in children." Kazan medical journal 72, no. 2 (February 15, 1991): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj106616.

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As you know, a direct inguinal hernia is called a hernia that protrudes the peritoneum in the region of the medial inguinal fossa and penetrates into the inguinal canal outside the spermatic cord through the inguinal gap. It is always acquired.

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Zhuk, S. A., and S. M. Smotrin. "INTRAOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TOPOGRAPHIC-ANATOMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE INGUINAL CANAL IN HERNIA AND ITS VALUE IN CHOOSING HERNIOPLASTY METHOD." Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 19, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2021-19-2-182-186.

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Purpose. To give a comparative description of the topographic and anatomical parameters of the inguinal canal in hernias and to evaluate its importance in choosing a method of hernioplasty. Material and methods. In 120 patients with types II, IIIa, IIIb inguinal hernias, the height of the inguinal space (h-IS), the total thickness of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles forming the upper wall of the inguinal canal (TMT) and the diameter of the deep inguinal ring (DDIR) were measured intraoperatively. Results. Pairwise comparisons of the IS height revealed statistically significant differences in this parameter between hernias types II and IIIa, as well as between types II and IIIb (p = 0.0432) in all age groups. In the studied age groups, there were statistically significant differences in the diameter of the deep inguinal ring between patients with hernias types II and IIIa, as well as types II and IIIb (p <0.001). The TMT of the upper wall of the IC in all age groups did not depend on the type of inguinal hernia and was associated with the patient's age. Conclusion. Intraoperative morphometry is an objective method for assessing the topographic and anatomical parameters of the inguinal canal and should underlie the choice of the method of tension or tension-free inguinal hernioplasty during open surgical interventions.

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Kakushkin, N. "V. V. Tipyakov. — Two cases of cysts of the round uterine ligament. - (Medical Review, 1895, No. 13)." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 9, no. 7-8 (October 22, 2020): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd97-8665.

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1st case: peasant woman 24 y. A tumor in the region of the right inguinal canal, about the size of a goose egg, soft-elastic, not decreasing under pressure, not moving away from the place and not guided into the inguinal canal, which also cannot be penetrated with a finger.

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Traoré, Ibrahim, Rose Nandiolo Koné, Martial Olivier Moulot, Grah Franck Lohourou, Adoubs Célestin Benié, Ahua Jean Bertrand Kpangni, and Constance Ursula Bony. "Torsion of an inguinal canal testis." Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 71 (August 2021): 101938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsc.2021.101938.

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Spangen, Leif. "Shutter Mechanisms in the Inguinal Canal." Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 4, no. 5 (October 1994): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019509-199410000-00026.

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Saito, S., I. Higa, Y. Koyama, T. Hatano, M. Hayakawa, A. Osawa, and T. Toda. "Immature Renal Tissue in Inguinal Canal." Journal of Urology 142, no. 1 (July 1989): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38674-3.

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Zerez, G. "US8 Atlas d’echographie du canal inguinal." Journal de Radiologie 86, no. 10 (October 2005): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(05)76409-x.

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Pereira, R. M. A., M. A. Pereira, R. F. Lima, T. Mandarino, J. Fonseca de Oliveira, L. P. Carvalho, and S. F. Camargo. "Inguinal Canal Endometriosis: A Laparoscopic Approach." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 27, no. 7 (November 2020): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.373.

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Kartal, Murat. "Isolated Herniation of the Bladder into the Inguinal Canal: A Rare Case Report." Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine 9, no. 1 (May 16, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jrcm.2021.023.

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Herniation of the bladder towards the inguinal canal is a rare condition. A 76-year-old male patient with long-term left groin swelling was admitted to the emergency clinic complaining of abdominal pain that started about 5 hours ago. The patient, whose abdominal examination was normal, had an incarcerated hernia in the left inguinal region. On superficial ultrasonography, intestinal loop herniation in the left inguinal canal and adjacent loculated fluid of 60x20 mm in size was observed. In the computed abdominal tomography, it was determined that the majority of the bladder had passed through the left inguinal canal and into the hernia sac. Lichtenstein method hernioplasty was applied to the patient who was taken to emergency surgery. Isolated bladder herniation is an extremely rare condition. Recognition of bladder herniation in the preoperative period may prevent possible complications during surgery.

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Shrivastava, T., S. Pandit, and S. Kumar. "Morphologic and histological differentiation of gubernaculum in female fetus: a cadaveric study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175555.

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Background: In both male and female fetuses inguinal canal development entails a complex sequence of anatomic events involving the gubernaculum and processus vaginalis. Much has been written about the embryological development of the genital system, particularly the male genital system and the descent of the testes from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum. In this process, the gubernaculum plays a relevant although still unclear role. Despite all the studies that have been performed, controversy still exists in this anatomical region.Methods: Twenty round ligaments of uterus were dissected from female fetuses and microscopic structure was studied under light microscope using haematoxylin and eosin stain. The specimens were collected from female fetuses (8wks-26wks). One male fetus was also dissected.Results: Gubernaculum plays a crucial role in the development of the inguinal region. The gubernaculum is directly associated with the migration of the testis through the inguinal canal and probably to the scrotum; but the inguinal canal is present before testicular descent and females have both an inguinal canal and gubernaculum, although the ovaries do not migrate through the abdominal wall.Conclusions: In this anatomical region, and despite all the studies that have been performed, controversy still exists. This article attempts to study the morphology and histology and the differentiation of the gubernaculum with age.

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Da Silva, Paula Fernandes, and Tiago Cypriano Dutra. "Hidrocele do canal de Nuck." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 2668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n1-209.

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Antoniuk-Kysil, V. M., I. Ya Dzubanovskyi, V. M. Yenikeieva, S. I. Lichner, V. M. Lypnyi, Zh M. Tymoshchuk, and N. M. Horuzha. "Clinic and diagnostics of inguinal canals primary varicose veins as one of the forms of non-saphenous primary chronic venous disease during pregnancy." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(143) (September 30, 2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.143.54.

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A distinct form of chronic venous disease (CVD) which meet the obstetrician-gynecologists, surgeons and vascular surgeons on the stages of pregnancy management is the primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals named non-saphenous varicose veins. This pathology is little studied and little known but there is a rather big obstetric problem for obstetricians-gynecologists, vascular surgeons, and as a surgical problem for surgeons and clinical and cosmetic for patients. The objective: to study the primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals frequency and forms, as well as development dynamics during pregnancy. Materials and methods. Based on Rivne Regional Perinatal Center Rivne Regional Council Municipal Institution for the period from 2013 to 2019, the observation of 1,367 pregnant women with primary chronic venous disease pool of saphenous and non-saphenous veins (according to the CEAP classification as of 2002). In 285 (20.8%) of them, one of the forms of non-saphenous varicose vein the primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals was diagnosed: in isolated form 129 (45.3%) patients, in 156 (54.7%) pregnant women combined with lower extremities’ primary chronic vein disease. All pregnant women for the diagnosis of venous pathology and the venous hemodynamics study in the lower extremities veins, the iliac veins pool, inguinal canals, a study of the sources, forming the primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals, used the second diagnostic level, under the guidance of Ukrainian Consensus on the treatment of lower extremities’ varicose veins as of 2005 which included the anamnesis data, clinical examination and duplex angioscanning. For all patients, ultrasound examination was performed in the supine standing position (orthostasis) with Valsalva maneuvre using Mc Kenna D. A. and co-authors criteria (2008). Results. Among 285 (20.8%) pregnant women with the primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals, 129 (45.3%) patients were diagnosed with an isolated form; 28 (21.7%) had varicose veins within the inguinal canal, and 101 (78.3%) of the pregnant women spread through the outer inguinal ring to the external genitals, perineum, and lower limbs. 156 (54.7%) pregnant women in the primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals different forms combined with primary CVD of the lower extremities saphenous veins pool. Found that among 285 patients with the primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals sources on duplex angioscanning in 141 (49.7%) was dominated by reflux from the uterine plexus veins, 73 (25.61%) mainly from the ovaries veins, 42 (14.73%) of pregnant women primarily from the veins of the uterus + ovaries, 18 (6.32%) mainly from the veins of the uterus + ovaries + cremasteric vein, failed to clearly identify the source for 11 (3.86%) patients. This pathology progressed throughout pregnancy and during subsequent pregnancies for 285 (100%) patients. The primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals isolated form did not progress between pregnancies. At that time all the 156 pregnant women with the concomitant disease, marked by the progression of primary CVD pool of saphenous veins during pregnancy and between pregnancies. Conclusion. The use of the second level diagnosis during pregnancy which combined the data of anamnesis, clinical examination and LANWIND MIRROR 2 duplex angioscanning apparatus with 8–10 MHZ linear sensor frequency, McKenna D.A. and co-authors criteria (2008) in the supine and standing (orthostasis) with the Valsalva maneuvre in 100% is safe for both mother and fetus. The use of the inguinal canals venous pathology’s second level diagnosis among the pregnant women gave one hundred percent diagnosis of this pathology’s various forms. On duplex angioscanning the primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals found in 20.23% among pregnant women with primary chronic vein disease to 45.3% in isolated form, but more often in 54.7% in combination with lower extremities’ primary chronic vein disease. Sources of the primary varicose veins of the inguinal canals’ formation were mostly uterus venous plexuses’ reflux in 49.7% of pregnant women, the ovaries in 25.61% of the patients. Key words: D.A. McKenna and co-authors criteria (2008), duplex angioscanning, non-saphenous varicose veins, inguinal canal varicose veins.

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Kpatékana, Simlawo, Tchangaï B, Kanassoua K, Boumé MA, Sakye A, Sambiani DM, Dosseh ED, and Songné B. "Peritonea-vaginal canal pathologies at Regional Hospital Center of Lomé-Commune (Togo): Epidemiological, anatomoclinical and therapeutic aspects." Case Studies in Surgery 3, no. 3 (July 26, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/css.v3n3p10.

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Objective: To describe epidemiological, anatomo-clinical and therapeutic aspects of peritoneo-vaginal canal pathologies (PVCP).Methods: We performed a retrospective and descriptive study on the files of PVCP cases operated in Lomé-Commune Regional Hospital (Togo). The study data concerned: the age, the occuring mode, anatomo-clinical classification, the side and treatment outcomes.Results: 107 files were collected from January 2011 to December 2015. The average age was 9.2 ± 8 years with a range from 16 months to 47 years. Twelve patients were less than 2 years and 14 patients were adults. The main consultation motive was an intermittent and painless inguinal or inguino-scrotal swelling in 89 cases (83.18%). The PVCP was in the right side in 66 patients (61.68%) and bilateral in 8 patients (7.47%). Concerning anatomo-clinical types, inguinal or inguino-scrotal hernia were more frequent (62.6%). The treatment was surgical in all cases and the average hospital stay was 2.1 days. The operative follow up was satisfactory in 94.3%. However, we noticed 4 cases of scrotal hematoma and 2 cases of parietal suppuration. The mortality rate after surgery was zero. One year back, we noticed two cases of testicular atrophy.Conclusions: Pathologies of the peritoneo-vaginal canal are frequent in our urological practice. Inguinal hernia and inguinoscrotal hernia are more represented. The surgical treatment results are successful.

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Mokrova, Anna Viktorovna, Oleg Vladimirovich Zaitsev, Dmitry Anatolyevich Khubezov, Vladimir Alexandrovich Yudin, Sergey Vasilevich Tarasenko, Igor Vladimirovich Vasin, and Vladimir Viktorovich Barsukov. "The results of preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty without fixation of the mesh endoprosthesis in the experiment." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 12, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-2-97-101.

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The purpose of the study is experimental development of preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty with synthetic mesh, according assessment of the need of its fixation to the tissues. Materials and methods. An inguinal hernia was simulated on human cadaveric material. The study used 27 male corpses. Two inguinal hernias were modeled on one corpse: on one side - indirect, on the other - direct. A polypropylene mesh (standard density, 15 x 15 cm) was placed in the preperitoneal space. The endoprosthesis was impacted from the side of the abdominal cavity by a special designed device. The effect of a peak intra-abdominal pressure of 200 mm Hg was simulated. The degree of displacement of the reticular endoprosthesis into the inguinal canal was estimated at the moment of peak pressure on it from inside the abdominal cavity. For a simulated indirect inguinal hernia, two variants of the technique were considered: with fixation of the endoprosthesis to the underlying tissues and without fixation. For the modulated direct inguinal hernia, the following options were considered: non-fixative, with fixation at one point to the pubis and with plasty of the transverse fascia. Results. When modeling preperitoneal plasty of a direct inguinal hernia, there is a pronounced displacement of the endoprosthesis into the inguinal canal with a non-fixing plasty, unlike the method with transverse fascia plasty or fixation to the pubis. In indirect inguinal hernia, there was no significant displacement of the endoprosthesis in both considered variants. Conclusions. According to the obtained results, conclusions were drawn on the need for additional plasty of the transverse fascia or fixation of the endoprosthesis at a single point in a direct inguinal hernia. With indirect inguinal hernia in the experiment, no significant difference in the displacement of the mesh endoprosthesis into the inguinal canal was obtained with and without fixation.

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Shchedrov, Dmitry N. "TESTICULAR TORSION IN THE INGUINAL CANAL IN CHILDREN." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 22, no. 2 (June 9, 2018): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9510-2018-22-2-80-83.

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There was performed analysis of diagnostic methods and modes of surgical treatment of testicular torsion in the inguinal canal, a comparison with similar indices in the torsion of a scrotally located gonad. The anatomical premises and features of a testicle in the inguinal canal associated with atypical anatomy are discussed. The results of the study indicate to a greater severity of testicular ischemia and, accordingly, the frequency of unsatisfactory results, despite a somewhat lower degree of torsion, which is explained by the compression of the gonad in the inguinal canal. Difficulties and peculiarities of clinical diagnostics, other differential-diagnostic set are shown. Difficulties and peculiarities of ultrasonic and Doppler diagnostics, typical ultrasonic symptoms of testicular torsion in the inguinal canal, their diagnostic value are demonstrated. The modalities of surgical treatment of this pathology are considered. Several different variants of surgical tactics are presented in various clinical and anatomical conditions. The research materials confirm the legitimacy and the possibility of using each of them. The total loss of the gonad in the torsion in the inguinal canal amounts of 8 (66.7%) of the cases out of 12, which is significantly higher than when the testicle is turned in conditions of a typical anatomy. However, the results of the study confirm that with the timely treatment, clinical and radiation diagnosis, taking into account the features of the shape of the torsion and emergency intervention that takes into account the specific clinical situation, despite the difficulties, the result of treatment can be positive.

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Junttila, Anna, and Anne K. Mattila. "Amyand’s hernia: acute appendicitis and abscess in the inguinal canal." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 7 (July 2019): e228725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228725.

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Amyand’s hernia is a rare entity where the appendix is trapped within inguinal canal. For even rarer are the cases where the appendix has perforated and caused an abscess into inguinal canal. Here we report a case where a male patient had Amyand’s hernia, acute appendicitis and abscess which were treated by laparotomy. We present the diagnostic process and intraoperative finding leading to diagnosis of Amyand’s hernia.

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Kaya, Omer, Kaan Esen, Bozkurt Gulek, Cengiz Yilmaz, Gokhan Soker, and Onder Onem. "The Inguinal Herniation of the Ovary in the Newborn: Ultrasound and Color Doppler Ultrasound Findings." Case Reports in Radiology 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/281280.

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Inguinal hernias in the newborn age group are seldom encountered. In the affected female patient, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the intestines may settle in the hernia sac. The early diagnosis of torsion in cases in which the ovary is herniated into the inguinal canal is of utmost importance in order to give surgery the chance of reduction and correction. In this paper, a case of an ovarian herniation into the inguinal canal without the presence of torsion is being presented, and the place of US and CDUS in the differential diagnosis of the situation is being discussed.

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Şener, Nevzat Can, Okan Bas, Nihat Karakoyunlu, Hakan Ercil, Suleyman Yesil, Kursad Zengin, and Abdurrahim Imamoglu. "A Rare Emergency: Testicular Torsion in the Inguinal Canal." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/320780.

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Objectives. To report our experience and present the largest series of testicular torsion cases in the inguinal canal.Material and Methods. The clinical data of 13 patients with testicular torsion in the inguinal canal treated between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed. Recorded patient age, whether the testes were palpable or not, side of the affected testes, the presence of hernia, ischemia time, and operation outcomes were assessed.Results. Patient age ranged from 8 to 70 months (29.15 ± 20.22). Mean ischemia time was 16.5 ± 21.3 hours. Accompanying inguinal hernia was present in 92% of the cases (12/13). Four of the thirteen patients (30.8%) were treated by orchiectomy because the necrosis was present after prolonged ischemia time. Nine patients (69.2%) were treated by single session orchidopexy.Conclusion. Torsion of testes in the inguinal canal is a rare disease, but with rapid diagnosis, affected testes can be salvaged, but the key factor is to keep this condition in mind.

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Smotryn, S. M., S. A. Zhuk, V. S. Novitskaya, and A. V. Kopytski. "Inguinal hernias in elderly patients. Strategy for choosing a surgical treatment method." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2021-18-2-11.

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Objective: to evaluate the existing approaches to the treatment of inguinal hernias in the elderly and to propose a strategy for choosing the method of surgical treatment taking into account the metric assessment of the state of the topographical and anatomical parameters of the inguinal canal.Materials and methods. The analysis of surgical interventions for inguinal hernias in elderly patients in surgical in-patient clinics of the Grodno region over 2018–2019 was carried out. The morphometric parameters of the inguinal canal being determinants for choosing the method of hernioplasty were studied in 39 elderly patients.Results. The coefﬁcient for choosing the method of inguinal herniation (K) has been proposed. It is calculated by the formula: К = h : m, where h is the height of the inguinal space (mm), m is the total thickness of the upper wall of the inguinal canal (mm). At K>4.83 they choose atension methods of hernioplasty.Conclusion. The use of the coefﬁcient for choosing the method of inguinal hernioplasty has made it possible to reduce the number of recurrent hernias in the long-term postoperative period from 5.7 % to 2.0 % of cases.

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Al Ani, Amer Hashim, Mohammad Bakri Hammami, and Obaidah M. Mukhles Adi. "Retained Surgical Items in Inguinal Canal: A Case Report and Literature Review." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (November 23, 2018): 2165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.377.

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BACKGROUND: Retained surgical items (RSI) are rare medical challenges with serious complications and medicolegal implications. Knowledge and preventive measures for these rare events are currently not sufficient to limit their increasing incidence. Gauzes and sponges constitute most of RSI. Forceps, needles and pins may be found too. Diagnosis of these events is challenging and often missed due to nonspecific clinical findings. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present here a 49-year-old patient who presented to the clinic with a history of chronic scrotal sinus on the same side of a repeatedly repaired inguinal hernia 4 months before admission. He underwent exploration of the inguinal canal as elective surgery. Exploration of the inguinal canal revealed missed surgical gauze left during the previous hernia repair. The gauze was removed, and the inguinal canal was repaired. The postoperative period was uncomplicated. CONCLUSION: Retained surgical items are completely preventable near-events. Although they are rare entities, clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for any postoperative, in patients presenting with pain, sinus or palpable masses.

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Abd-Elaziz, Ahmed Shawky, Yasser Ahmed Amer, and Mohammed Ramadan Saad Abd-Elaty. "Evaluation of Natural Tissue Reinforcement of Inguinal canal For Inguinal Hernia Repair (Desarda Inguinal Herniorraphy)." Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 73, no. 6 (October 1, 2018): 6878–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejhm.2018.16938.

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Hamdane, S., A. Diani, H. El Madkouri, B. Boutakioute, M. Ouali Idrissi, and N. Cherif Idrissi Gannouni. "Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck: Case Report." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 10, no. 8 (August 21, 2022): 831–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2022.v10i08.020.

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Swelling in the inguinal region of a woman may result from a number of conditions. Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is a rare condition seen in females which is an extension of the peritoneum into the inguinal canal. It may be difficult to make a specific diagnosis based upon the history and physical examination alone. This report describes a symptomatic 44-year-old woman in whom CT and ultrasound were helpful in diagnosing a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. Through this work, we will present the results of the imaging leading to its positive diagnosis and its characterization.

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Stanojevic, G., Z. Rancic, M. Jovanovic, M. Stojanovic, D. Mihailovic, and B. Brankovic. "Anal canal melanoma: Case report." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 53, no. 3 (2006): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0603083s.

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Anal canal melanoma is a rare disease comprising 1% of all colorectal ie. anal malignant tumours with very poor long term prognosis. Its significant biologic aggressivity is the consequence of the tendency towards lymphatic, local and hematogenous spread. At the moment of diagnosis even 30% of the patients have distant metastases. Surgical intervention represents the only possibility for cure. Modern approach to the anal canal melanoma treatment implies two types of intervention: wide local excision preserving the sphincter mechanism and abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. There are numerous dilemmas about the choice of surgery in particular disease stages. The authors report on a 61 years old women in which anal canal melanoma with left inguinal lymphatic metastases was detected during the inspection of "haemorrhoids". After the diagnosis was established, abdominoperineal resection of the rectum was performed with dissection of both inguinal regions. .

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Caserta, Nelson Marcio Gomes, Thiago José Penachim, Ewandro Braz Contardi, Rayssa Clara Fonseca Barbosa, Thaisa Lazari Gomes, and Daniel Lahan Martins. "Contents of the inguinal canal: identification by different imaging methods." Radiologia Brasileira 54, no. 1 (February 2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0006.

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Abstract Although the correct diagnosis of inguinal hernias can often be made by clinical examination, there are several situations in which imaging methods represent the best option for evaluating such hernias, their content, and the possible complications. In addition, bulging of the inguinal region is not always indicative of a hernia, because other lesions, including tumors, cysts, and hematomas, also affect the region. The objective of this pictorial essay is to demonstrate what can be identified within inguinal hernias. Differentiating the types of herniated structures is of absolute importance for planning the appropriate treatment.

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Kasiviswanathan, M. "A Rare Case of Inguinal Canal Malignancy." Journal of Medical Academics 1, no. 1 (2018): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10070-0014.

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Anand, JJacob Swaroop, G. Rajamani, NVenkatesa Mohan, V. Muthulingam, V. Kumaran, S. Kannan, and R. Rengarajan. "Route to neo-inguinal canal: Our experience." Journal of Minimal Access Surgery 7, no. 3 (2011): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-9941.83509.

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