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1

Satterlee, G. Benjamin. "Inhalational Anesthesia." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 7, no. 1 (1994): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009400700106.

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Pharmacists have traditionally had little involvement with inhalational anesthetic agents. As the popularity of operating room pharmaceutical care increases, the need for the pharmacist's understanding of the uses and actions of anesthetic agents becomes necessary. This review provides an introduction to inhalational anesthesia, delivery systems, and the agents commonly used in anesthetic practice. Inhalational agents have long been used to provide general anesthesia through combined pharmacological actions. Nitrous oxide and oxygen are delivered as sole gasses or as carrier vehicles for the m
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2

Bogari, Ahmed Fouad, Ibrahim Abdulkareem Aldakhil, Maram Fahad Alsuwaidan, et al. "Inhalation anaesthetics: types, mechanism of action and adverse effects." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 12 (2022): 4684. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223230.

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Inhalational anesthetics have been used to induce and maintain general anaesthesia for more than 150 years. These anaesthetic agents are commonly used in the surgical and clinical practice solely and as a conjugant with other anaesthetics. Since inhalational anaesthetic agents develop amnesia, loss of awareness, and reduce reactions to painful surgical stimuli, they are an essential part of general anaesthesia. The choice of anaesthetic agent is based on the procedure's duration and type, patient characteristics, the attending anaesthesiologist’s preferences, and occasionally on institutional
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Agnihotri, Anamika, Minal C. Mali, and Sunil Kumar Valasareddy. "Erroneous display of inhalational agent..!" Journal of Current Research in Scientific Medicine 8, no. 1 (2022): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_65_21.

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A well-equipped anesthesia workstation is a boon for better anesthesia practice. Advancement in technical aspects such as respiratory gas analysis made perioperative care better and safer. Any kind of equipment troubleshoot can contribute to morbidity and mortality; however, the magnitude of these is not established.
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NILSSON, A., P. F. S. LEE, B. REVEN??S, and Judith Donegan. "Midazolam as Induction Agent Prior to Inhalational Anesthesia." Survey of Anesthesiology 29, no. 2 (1985): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132586-198504000-00015.

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5

Akter, Shamima, Abul Kalam Azad, Mohammad Mominul Hoque Sarker, Rifat Sharmin, and Abul Kalam Md Jayed. "Advantages of Newer Inhalational Anesthetic Agents over the Older Agents." Community Based Medical Journal 13, no. 2 (2024): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i2.75314.

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The objective of anesthesia is to facilitate surgery at minimal risk to the patient and to ensure optimal recovery following the procedure. Sevoflurane is a potent nonexplosive newer inhalational anesthetic agent that has several advantages. Various side effects like arrhythmia, hepatotoxicity, and delayed recovery limit the use of older agent halothane in many western countries. However, we do not have such studies done in our country. This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSM
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Seedat, Robin Stein, and Mohamed Al-Abri. "Evaluation of anesthetic management in renal transplant patients in a tertiary care centre." Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences 1, no. 2 (2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/psrp-tmcs2021.0008.

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<b>Aim:</b> To evaluate anesthetic management in renal transplant patients. <b>Methodology:</b> Ninety- two renal transplant patients were part of the study. Parameters such as type of transplant, reason for chronic kidney disease, preoperative data, history of dialysis, preoperative anesthesia management, monitoring details and the outcome were recorded. <b>Results:</b> Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in 28 (30.4%), chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) in 20 (21.7%), polycystic kidney disease (PCKD) in 11 (11.9%), obstructive nephropathy (Ob. N) in 4 (4.3%
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7

Abeysundara, A., A. Rathnayake, W. M. P. S. K. Wijekoon, and S. D. B. Jayakody. "Delayed Onset Malignant Hyperthermia in a Child with Previous Uneventful General Anesthesia: A Case Report." Sri Lanka Journal of Medicine 33, no. 3 (2024): 49–52. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljm.v33i3.486.

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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a genetic disorder of skeletal muscles which leads to a progressive life-threatening hyperthermic reaction due to the use of Suxamethonium or Inhalational agents in anaesthesia. It is not commonly reported in Sri Lanka. The condition usually manifests in the initial exposure to the causative agents. A 9-year-old male child, who had 2 previous uncomplicated anaesthetic exposure, was admitted for an alveolar bone graft surgery. In the latter part of the surgery, the child developed features of malignant hyperthermia, following exposure to a volatile inhalational ag
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8

Hama, Adel Amen. "Comparison between Sevoflurane and Isoflurane Effects on Hemodynamic Status." Journal of Techniques 4, no. 1 (2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v4i1.416.

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Back ground: Volatile anaesthetics are known to cause hypotension because of its effects on the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system, on the myocardium as well as its direct action on vascular smooth muscle. Aim of study: is to compare between sevoflurane and isoflurane effects on pulse rate and mean blood pressure during general anaesthesia. Patients and methods: this prospective study was carried out at Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital/Babylon as well as Balad General Hospital/Salah Al-Din, from 2nd (March) 2021-20th (May) 2021. Thirty patients between the ages 7- 68 years were enro
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9

Bantel, Carsten, Mervyn Maze, and Stefan Trapp. "Neuronal Preconditioning by Inhalational Anesthetics." Anesthesiology 110, no. 5 (2009): 986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31819dadc7.

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Background Ischemic preconditioning is an important intrinsic mechanism for neuroprotection. Preconditioning can also be achieved by exposure of neurons to K+ channel-opening drugs that act on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels. However, these agents do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Inhalational anesthetics which easily partition into brain have been shown to precondition various tissues. Here, the authors explore the neuronal preconditioning effect of modern inhalational anesthetics and investigate their effects on K(ATP) channels. Methods Neuronal-glial cocult
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10

Rusu, Victoria. "Sevoflurane anesthesia: impact on postoperative cognitive dysfunction." Moldovan Medical Journal 64, no. 6 (2021): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52418/moldovan-med-j.64-6.21.09.

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Background: Sevoflurane is the inhalational anesthetic agent that is used widely in operating room. It is currently the most commonly used inhalation anesthetic in operating rooms. A series of studies on animal and human model detected the association of intraoperative use of sevoflurane and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) manifestation. On the other hand other studies demonstrate the same POCD associated with intravenous agents. Relevant multicentric trials got the reasons to suspect other key factors in developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions: The intra-anesthe
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11

JONES, R. M., and P. M. WARD. "Is there a need for a new inhalational anaesthetic agent?" Anaesthesia 50, s10 (1995): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb06181.x.

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12

Gunashekar, Satheesh, Alisha Chachra, Soumya Subhra Datta, Ajit Kumar, Arun Jagath, and Dhatri Jonna. "Effect of inhalational agents in breast cancer surgery on tumour metastasis: Systematic review and meta-analysis." Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 69, no. 6 (2025): 561–69. https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_876_24.

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Background and Aims: The primary treatment for breast cancer involves surgically removing the affected breast. Different types of anaesthesia used during surgery may have an impact on cancer recurrence. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the current level of evidence for the impact of the type of anaesthesia for breast cancer surgery on cancer recurrence. Methods: Following PROSPERO registration, a comprehensive database search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, encompassing all available data up to December 2024. Randomised controlled trials (RC
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13

Athiraman, Umeshkumar, Diane Aum, Ananth K. Vellimana, et al. "Evidence for a conditioning effect of inhalational anesthetics on angiographic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 1 (2020): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.3.jns183512.

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OBJECTIVEDelayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by large-artery vasospasm, distal autoregulatory dysfunction, cortical spreading depression, and microvessel thrombi. Large-artery vasospasm has been identified as an independent predictor of poor outcome in numerous studies. Recently, several animal studies have identified a strong protective role for inhalational anesthetics against secondary brain injury after SAH including DCI—a phenomenon referred to as anesthetic conditioning. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential r
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14

Watters, M. P. R., and J. M. Mckenzie. "Inhalational Induction with Sevoflurane in an Adult with Severe Complex Central Airways Obstruction." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 25, no. 6 (1997): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9702500621.

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Sevoflurane is a newly available volatile anaesthetic agent which is suitable for inhalational induction of anaesthesia. Due to concerns about obstructing the upper airway as anaesthesia deepens, its use has until now been avoided in patients with upper airway obstruction. We used its smooth induction and recovery properties however to anaesthetize a patient with central airway obstruction and coexistent ischaemic heart disease. Sevoflurane proved to be a very satisfactory agent in this situation.
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15

Evans, A. Thomas. "The Case for Maintenance of General Anesthesia with an Inhalational Agent." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 22, no. 2 (1992): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50617-9.

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16

Tanner, Jonathan W., Roderic G. Eckenhoff, and Paul A. Liebman. "Halothane, an inhalational anesthetic agent, increases folding stability of serum albumin." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 1430, no. 1 (1999): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4838(98)00258-1.

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17

Srivastava, Shashi. "Use of desflurane in neurosurgery: Cons." Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 04, no. 04 (2017): S85—S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2348-0548.199955.

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AbstractDesflurane is being projected nowadays as inhalational agent of choice in the repertoire of the modern day anaesthesiologists. Refinement of its pharmacologic properties from its predecessors has attracted the attention of clinicians towards this novel agent. However, within the realms of neurosurgical anaesthesiology, the widespread use of desflurane today should be, at best viewed with a bit of caution. Although a sizeable number of advantages of using desflurane exist, anaesthesiologists dealing with neurosurgical patients should be cognizant of its drawbacks.
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A, Govindarajan, Swetha NS, Govind Shaji, and Parthasarathy S. "Hypotensive Anaesthesia in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgeries: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 1 (2024): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v15i1.4664.

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This systematic review comprehensively analyzes the literature on hypotensive anesthesia in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgeries (FESS), crucial for treating sinonasal disorders. The anesthesia technique choice significantly influences FESS outcomes. Hypotensive anesthesia, involving controlled blood pressure reduction during surgery, garners attention for potential benefits. A database search identified relevant studies examining its efficacy, safety, and impact on intraoperative visibility, surgical time, blood loss, and postoperative outcomes. Various drugs, including inhalational agents,
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19

Baigel, G. "Volatile Agents to Avoid Ventilating Asthmatics." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 31, no. 2 (2003): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0303100213.

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The management of six awake, spontaneously breathing patients with acute severe asthma who responded to a subanesthetic dose of an inhalational agent is described. All of these patients were on maximal medical treatment, the next intervention likely to be tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in the face of further deterioration. All six patients initially responded dramatically, although one required mechanical ventilation after initial response.
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20

Bewley, J. S., R. J. Eltringham, and P. Sanderson. "Closed Circuit Anaesthesia in Ventilated Patients using the Komesaroff Vaporizer within the Circle." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 26, no. 5 (1998): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9802600513.

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A study was undertaken to assess the performance of the Komesaroff vaporizer, placed within the circuit, in ventilated patients during maintenance of closed circuit anaesthesia with halothane or isoflurane. Following intravenous induction, anaesthesia was maintained by inhalation. This was achieved using a conventional vaporizer outside the circle for the first 10 minutes to manage the fast uptake phase. The fresh gas flow was then reduced to the basal oxygen requirement with the Komesaroff vaporizer within the circle maintaining inhalational anaesthesia. Complete isolation of the circuit was
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21

Quesnel-Hellmann, Anne, Daniel Fiole, Jacques Mathieu, and Jean-Nicolas Tournier. "Two-photon imaging kinetic analysis of Bacillus anthracis spore uptake in the respiratory tract. (45.17)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (2010): 45.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.45.17.

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Abstract Inhalational anthrax is a life-threatening infectious disease of considerable concern, especially because anthrax is an emerging bioterrorism agent. The exact mechanisms leading to a severe clinical form through the inhalational route are still unclear, particularly how immobile spores are captured in the upper respiratory tract and transported to the lymph nodes in the early steps of infection. To investigate the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in spore uptake and transport, we infected intranasally CX3CR1 +/gfp mice with Alexa 647-labeled spores. Nasal mucosa, nasal-associated lymphoi
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22

Park, Jong-Beak, and Lance L. Simpson. "Inhalational Poisoning by Botulinum Toxin and Inhalation Vaccination with Its Heavy-Chain Component." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 3 (2003): 1147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1147-1154.2003.

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ABSTRACT Botulinum toxin is the etiologic agent responsible for the disease botulism, which is characterized by peripheral neuromuscular blockade. Botulism is ordinarily encountered as a form of oral poisoning. The toxin is absorbed from the lumen of the gut to reach the general circulation and is then distributed to peripheral cholinergic nerve endings. However, there is a widespread presumption that botulinum toxin can also act as an inhalation poison, which would require that it be absorbed from the airway. Experiments have been done to show that both pure toxin and progenitor toxin (a comp
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Antony, Thomas, K. Vishak Acharya, Preetam Rajgopal Acharya, Himani Kotian, and Sindhu Kamath. "Clinical usefulness of nebulized dexmedetomidine for conscious sedation in daycare flexible bronchoscopy in Southern India." Indian Journal of Pharmacology 56, no. 2 (2024): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_160_23.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Sedative agents used in bronchoscopy require trained personnel to administer and monitor the patient. This increases the procedure cost, duration, and inpatient stay. Inhalational administration of sedative agents can be a practical solution to the issue. Dexmedetomidine in the inhalational form could give results similar to the intravenous form without significant adverse events. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is prospective, randomized, and double-blinded study. Patients needing bronchoscopy were randomized to receive the nebulized form of either dexmedetomidine or sal
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Kennedy, R. Ross. "Seeing the wood for the trees: Insights into reducing inhalational agent consumption." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 65, no. 7 (2021): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aas.13926.

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Kuvadia, Mausam, Cynthia Eden Cummis, Gregory Liguori, and Christopher L. Wu. "'Green-gional' anesthesia: the non-polluting benefits of regional anesthesia to decrease greenhouse gases and attenuate climate change." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 45, no. 9 (2020): 744–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-101452.

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Volatile halogenated gases and nitrous oxide used as part of a balanced general anesthetic may contribute to global warming. By avoiding volatile inhalational agent use, regional anesthesia may reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help prevent global warming. We present a theoretical calculation of the potential benefits and a real-life example of how much regional anesthesia may reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Ahmed-Khan, Mohammad, Kayvon Moin, and Carly Funk. "Sevoflurane-Induced Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage." Archive of Clinical Cases 10, no. 1 (2023): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22551/2023.38.1001.10235.

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Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a potentially life-threatening pulmonary pathology which results in intra-alveolar hemorrhage secondary to disruption of the alveolar capillary basement membrane. Most commonly, these patients present with hemoptysis, hypoxemia and pulmonary infiltrates. Although rare, sevoflurane, an inhalational anesthetic used as a rapid induction agent for anesthesia may be implicated in the etiology of DAH. We report a case of a 21-year-old otherwise healthy male found to have postoperative diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to sevoflurane inhalation. Thus far, only
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Rezigh, Austin C., and Alec B. Rezigh. "Catching the diagnosis: A peculiar presentation of Chiari malformation type I." Archive of Clinical Cases 10, no. 2 (2023): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22551/2023.39.1002.10247.

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Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a potentially life-threatening pulmonary pathology which results in intra-alveolar hemorrhage secondary to disruption of the alveolar capillary basement membrane. Most commonly, these patients present with hemoptysis, hypoxemia and pulmonary infiltrates. Although rare, sevoflurane, an inhalational anesthetic used as a rapid induction agent for anesthesia may be implicated in the etiology of DAH. We report a case of a 21-year-old otherwise healthy male found to have postoperative diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to sevoflurane inhalation. Thus far, only
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28

Ji, Dabin, and Joelle Karlik. "Neurotoxic Impact of Individual Anesthetic Agents on the Developing Brain." Children 9, no. 11 (2022): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9111779.

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Concerns about the safety of anesthetic agents in children arose after animal studies revealed disruptions in neurodevelopment after exposure to commonly used anesthetic drugs. These animal studies revealed that volatile inhalational agents, propofol, ketamine, and thiopental may have detrimental effects on neurodevelopment and cognitive function, but dexmedetomidine and xenon have been shown to have neuroprotective properties. The neurocognitive effects of benzodiazepines have not been extensively studied, so their effects on neurodevelopment are undetermined. However, experimental animal mod
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Jamil, Muhammad, Salman Shahzad, Shahbaz Hussain, Hamza Ali Bukhari, and Anwar Ul Huda. "Comparison of Manual Mode With Automatic Gas Control Mode for Sevoflurane Consumption in Maquet Flow-I Anesthesia Machine." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (2022): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161015.

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Background: Inhalational anesthetic agents used for general anesthesia can have adverse effects on operation theater staff and environment. The innovative automated gas controller reduces inhalational anesthesia agent consumption. Aim: To compare sevoflurane consumption in manual mode versus automatic gas control (AGCTM) mode on Maquet Flow-i anesthesia machine in adult laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: This study was a randomized control trail conducted at Department of anesthesia, Security Forces Hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore
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G.M, Sreeraghu, Hemanth Kumar, Sreeharsha S, and Dwideep Chandra. "A STUDY OF INCIDENCE OF AWARENESS IN GENERAL ANESTHESIA WITH INHALATIONAL AGENT (HALOTHANE)." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 03, no. 03 (2014): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2014/1901.

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31

Elzahaby, D., A. Mirra, O. L. Levionnois, and C. Spadavecchia. "Inhalational anaesthetic agent consumption within a multidisciplinary veterinary teaching hospital: An environmental audit." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 51, no. 6 (2024): 760.e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2024.10.122.

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32

Talbot, Nick P., Andrew D. Farmery, and Keith L. Dorrington. "End-tidal Sevoflurane and Halothane Concentrations during Simulated Airway Occlusion in Healthy Humans." Anesthesiology 111, no. 2 (2009): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181ac1d7b.

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Background In a patient whose airway is likely to become obstructed upon loss of consciousness, anesthesia may be induced using an inhaled vapor. If the airway occludes during such an inhalational induction, the speed of patient awakening is related to the rate at which anesthetic gas redistributes away from lung and brain to other body compartments. To determine whether redistribution occurs more rapidly with a more blood-soluble or a less blood-soluble agent, the authors used subanesthetic concentrations of halothane and sevoflurane to simulate inhalational induction and airway obstruction i
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33

Miranda, AD, LA Donovan, LL Schuster, and DR Gerber. "Malignant hyperthermia." American Journal of Critical Care 6, no. 5 (1997): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1997.6.5.368.

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Malignant hyperthermia is a pharmacogenetic disease of skeletal muscle characterized by hypermetabolism that occurs on exposure to a triggering agent or agents. The most common agents are halogenated inhalational anesthetics and succinylcholine, a depolarizing muscle relaxant. Patients who experience malignant hyperthermia are generally transferred to the ICU for ongoing treatment and monitoring for secondary complications of the disorder. Critical care practitioners must be both knowledgeable and competent to prevent and treat perioperative episodes of malignant hyperthermia. A thorough preop
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34

Bossi, P., A. Tegnell, A. Baka, et al. "Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of tularaemia and bioterrorism-related tularaemia." Eurosurveillance 9, no. 12 (2004): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.12.00503-en.

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Francisella tularensis is one of the most infectious pathogenic bacteria known, requiring inoculation or inhalation of as few as 10 organisms to initiate human infection. Inhalational tularaemia following intentional release of a virulent strain of F. tularensis would have great impact and cause high morbidity and mortality. Another route of contamination in a deliberate release could be contamination of water. Seven clinical forms, according to route of inoculation (skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, eyes, respiratory tract), dose of the inoculum and virulence of the organism (ty
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Jigna, R. Shah, R. Moghe Apoorva, P. Gosai Samarth, and D. Humbal Maulik. "Randomized Clinical Trial of Desflurane Vs Sevoflurane for Hemodynamic Stability and Recovery Profile in Laparoscopic Surgeries." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 12, no. 9 (2022): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11465438.

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<strong>Background and Aim:&nbsp;</strong>Inhalational anaesthetic agents are used for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Sevoflurane and Desflurane have been in use for ambulatory anaesthesia as both have properties of an ideal agent. This study was carried out to compare the effect of sevoflurane and desflurane anaesthesia on emergence and extubation in laparoscopic surgeries.&nbsp;<strong>Material and Methods</strong>: Present Randomized Control Trial was done at the Department of Anaesthesia, GMERS Medical college and hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat from July 2019 to June 2021. Simple
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Giesen, Leonie A., Michelle White, and Robert M. R. Tulloh. "Comparison of the effect of inhaled anaesthetic with intravenous anaesthetic on pulmonary vascular resistance measurement during cardiac catheterisation." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 2 (2014): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114000195.

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AbstractBackground: Children with pulmonary hypertension routinely undergo pulmonary vascular resistance studies to assess the disease severity and vasodilator responsiveness. It is vital that results are accurate and reliable and are not influenced by the choice of anaesthetic agent. However, there are anecdotal data to suggest that propofol and inhalational agents have different effects on pulmonary vascular resistance. Methods: A total of 10 children with pulmonary hypertension were selected sequentially to be included in the study. To avoid confounding because of baseline anatomic or demog
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Ferdous, Afifa, Nazmoon Nahar, and Jahirul Islam. "A Comparative Study of Sevoflurane with Halothane as Inhalational Anaesthetic Agent in Paediatric Patients." EAS Journal of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care 4, no. 3 (2022): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjacc.2022.v04i03.001.

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Introduction: Inhalational anaesthesia is commonly used in paediatric patients. The study was designed to compare sevoflurane and halothane anaesthesia in the neonate and paediatric patients and to assess the haemodynamic status of both agents during induction, maintenance and recovery of anesthesia. Material and Methods: We studied 60 patients aged between 1 day to 7 years. All routine and emergency surgery were included. Children were randomly selected between two groups receiving halothane and sevoflurane. Induction time, intubating condition and haemodynamic changes were recorded. Results:
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38

Johnston, G. M. "Choosing an inhalational maintenance agent in equidae — the case for a randomised control trial." Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia 23, no. 2 (1996): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00286.x.

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39

Mani, Goel, Prajapati Satyendra, and Verma Arpit. "Propofol and Desflurane Anaesthetic Agent Comparison for Short Elective Surgery." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 13, no. 3 (2023): 24–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11228181.

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<strong>Background:</strong>&nbsp;Desflurane is noted for having a quick onset and quick offset of action, which enables the anaesthetist to quickly modulate the depth of anaesthesia.&nbsp;<strong>Objective:</strong>&nbsp;To contrast the effects of desflurane and propofol when used as a single agent for brief elective procedures.&nbsp;<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong>&nbsp;Eighty patients scheduled for elective brief surgery were included in this hospital-based prospective comparative analysis. Patients were either given Group D: O<sub>2</sub>:N<sub>2</sub>O (50:50) + Desflurane 3-4% or
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YPSILANTIS (Π. ΥΨΗΛΑΝΤΗΣ), P. "Management of pain - humane endpoints - euthanasia of laboratory animals." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 60, no. 3 (2017): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14932.

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The minimization of pain and distress of laboratory animals before, during and after the experiment is one of the basic principles for the humane treatment of animals used in biomedical research. Pain and distress is assessed based on careful observation of laboratory animals and the evaluation of a series of parameters related to clinical signs, natural behaviour and provoked behaviour. Scoring of these parameters makes possible their quantitative assessment and the calculation of distress score. Based on this score we can define the humane endpoints according to which the experimenter decide
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Puri, Kriti, Raksha Kundal, Preeti Goyal Varshney, Vidhi Chandra, Maitree Pandey, and Sunil Kumar. "A retrospective analysis of anesthetic techniques and their related perioperative complications in children undergoing cochlear implant surgeries – our preliminary experience at a tertiary care referral centre." Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 11, no. 1 (2024): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2024.003.

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: Cochlear implants serve as a favorable option for treatment of hearing loss in children. However, there is limited data regarding the type of anesthetic techniques used and its associated complications in such patients. Hence, the primary objective of this study was evaluation of postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV) with three different general anesthesia techniques in pediatric cochlear implant surgeries. The secondary objectives included assessment of intraoperative and postoperative complications: A retrospective analysis of all children less than 13 years, who underwent cochlear implant
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Nelson, Michelle, Kay B. Barnes, Carwyn H. Davies, et al. "The BALB/c Mouse Model for the Evaluation of Therapies to Treat Infections with Aerosolized Burkholderia pseudomallei." Antibiotics 12, no. 3 (2023): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030506.

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Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the disease melioidosis, has been isolated from the environment in 45 countries. The treatment of melioidosis is complex, requiring lengthy antibiotic regimens, which can result in the relapse of the disease following treatment cessation. It is important that novel therapies to treat infections with B. pseudomallei be assessed in appropriate animal models, and discussions regarding the different protocols used between laboratories are critical. A ‘deep dive’ was held in October 2020 focusing on the use of the BALB/c mouse model and the inhalati
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Bhagat, Hemant, Tanavi Sharma, Shalvi Mahajan, et al. "Intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia trial for outcome following intracranial aneurysm surgery: A prospective randomized controlled study." Surgical Neurology International 12 (June 21, 2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_342_2021.

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Background: For maintenance of anesthesia for intracranial aneurysmal neck clipping, both intravenous and inhalational anesthetics are in vogue. We aimed to evaluate the superiority of one agent over the other for long-term neurological outcomes in these patients. Methods: This prospective assessor-blind randomized study was conducted in 106 patients of 18–65 years of age with World Federation of Neurosurgeons Grade I-II of subarachnoid hemorrhage. After written informed consent, the patients were randomized into – intravenous group (Propofol) and inhalational group (Desflurane). The primary o
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Dodeja, Himanshu, Vinaya Udaybhaskar, and Amol Singam. "Effects of Dexmedetomidine Infusions on Hemodynamic Stability in Patients undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy." International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences 04, no. 01 (2018): 010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10053-0063.

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Abstract Objectives: In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there has been emphasis on maintaining hemodynamic stability by avoiding hypertension, hypotension, or tachycardia. The hemodynamic instability is persistent during the duration of pneumoperitoneum (PNP), namely, CO2 insufflations. This study helps us to find out the efficacy of dexmedetomidine on cardiovascular system stability in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and methods: Thirty patients were randomized into two groups of 15 members each: group P (placebo group) and group D (dexmedetomidine group). In the for
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Use, Tadasuke, Haruna Nakahara, Ayako Kimoto, et al. "Barbiturate Induction for the Prevention of Emergence Agitation after Pediatric Sevoflurane Anesthesia." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 20, no. 5 (2015): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-20.5.385.

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OBJECTIVES: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common and troublesome problem in pediatric patients recovering from general anesthesia. The incidence of EA is reportedly higher after general anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane, a popular inhalational anesthetic agent for pediatric patients. We conducted this prospective, randomized, double-blind study to test the effect of an intravenous ultra-short–acting barbiturate, thiamylal, administered during induction of general anesthesia on the incidence and severity of EA in pediatric patients recovering from Sevoflurane anesthesia. METHODS: Fifty-fou
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Graham, Alison M., Paul S. Myles, Kate Leslie, et al. "A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the ENIGMA Trial." Anesthesiology 115, no. 2 (2011): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31821f659c.

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Background The ENIGMA trial was a prospective, randomized, multicenter study that evaluated the clinical consequences of including N₂O in general anesthesia. Patients who were given a N₂O-free anesthetic when undergoing major surgery for which the expected hospital stay was at least 3 days had lower rates of some postoperative complications. This suggests that, despite a higher consumption of potent inhalational agent, there could be a financial benefit when N₂O is avoided in such settings. Methods A retrospective cost analysis of the 2,050 patients recruited to the ENIGMA trial was performed.
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Piao, Liyun, Og-Heui Na, Eun-Hye Seo, et al. "Effects of general anaesthesia with an inhalational anaesthetic agent on the expression of exosomes in rats." International Journal of Medical Sciences 19, no. 9 (2022): 1399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.72565.

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Wu, Ren-Jang, Yu-Ching Huang, Murthy Chavali, Tzu Hsuan Lin, Shih-Lin Hung, and Hsiang-Ning Luk. "New sensing technology for detection of the common inhalational anesthetic agent sevoflurane using conducting polypyrrole films." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 126, no. 2 (2007): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2007.03.026.

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Peyton, Philip J., Ian Chao, Laurence Weinberg, Gavin J. B. Robinson, and Bruce R. Thompson. "Nitrous Oxide Diffusion and the Second Gas Effect on Emergence from Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 114, no. 3 (2011): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318209367b.

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Background Rapid elimination of nitrous oxide from the lungs at the end of inhalational anesthesia dilutes alveolar oxygen, producing "diffusion hypoxia." A similar dilutional effect on accompanying volatile anesthetic agent has not been evaluated and may impact the speed of emergence. Methods Twenty patients undergoing surgery were randomly assigned to receive an anesthetic maintenance gas mixture of sevoflurane adjusted to bispectral index, in air-oxygen (control group) versus a 2:1 mixture of nitrous oxide-oxygen (nitrous oxide group). After surgery, baseline arterial and tidal gas samples
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MATHEW, Dr H. J., DR P. MWASAPI, DR H. MGAYA, et al. "Practice of Low Flow Anaesthesia and Volatile Agents Choices among Anaesthesia Providers at Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute." EAS Journal of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care 6, no. 04 (2024): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjacc.2024.v06i04.001.

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With the availability of modern workstations and heightened awareness of the Health services cost and environmental effects of waste anaesthesia gases, anaesthesia providers worldwide are practicing low flow anaesthesia. In most developing countries Low Flow Anaesthesia is still underutilized due to lack of monitoring equipments and sufficient knowledge. Tanzania appears to have a paucity of studies on the prevailing practice pattern of fresh gas flow. Objective; The study aimed at assessing the practice of low flow anaesthesia and volatile agents choices among anaesthesia providers at Muhimbi
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