Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inhibiteur de CDK'
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Jasinski-Grondard, Sophie. "Caractérisation d'un inhibiteur de kinases cycline-dépendantes de N. Tomentosiformis : analyse de son rôle au cours du développement de la plante." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112272.
Full textPlant development requires stringent controls between cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Proliferation is positively regulated by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), whose activity is regulated at several levels including inhibition by CDK inhibitors (CKIs). The screen of a two-hybrid BY-2 cell suspension library with a CDKA as a bait, allows the isolation of two cDNA, named NtKIS1a and NtKIS1b. NtKIS1a and NtKIS1b mRNAs arise from the same N. Tomentosiformis gene by alternative splicing. The deduced polypeptide from NtKIS1a shares strong sequence similarity with mammalian CIP/KIP inhibitors, which is not the case for NtKIS1b. Consistent with this, NtKIS1a but not NtKIS1b inhibits in vitro the kinase activity of CDK/cyclin complexes. To gain insight into the role of NtKIS1a and NtKIS1b during plant development, their overexpression in different species was achieved. Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing NtKIS1b display a wild type phenotype, whereas plants overexpressing NtKIS1a display strong morphological modifications. Our results suggest that the inhibition of cell division is responsible for the phenotypic modifications and thus that NtKIS1a is a cell division inhibitor in planta. Plants overexpressing simultaneously NtKIS1a and AtCycD3;1 were achieved. Their analyze demonstrates that overexpression of the CKI NtKIS1a restores essentially normal development in AtCycD3;1 overexpressing plants, providing for the first time, evidence of Cyclin D-CKI co-operation within the context of a living plant. At the aim of highlighting the links between cell cycle and development, the expression of two genes was modify simultaneously in planta: KNAT1 (knotted1-like from Arabidopsis thaliana) involved in shoot apical meristem development and function, and NtKIS1a involved in cell cycle regulation. The analysis of the F1 plants shows that co-expression of NtKIS1a and KNAT1 enhance the KNAT1 phenotype, suggesting that the two gene products co-operate with each other during plant development
Delmas, Christelle. "Modes de régulation de l'inhibiteur de CDKs, p27kip1, par les MAPKsp42/p44." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30006.
Full textBorgne, Annie. "Etude de la regulation de cdc2/cycline b a la transition prophase/metaphase de l'ovocyte d'etoile de mer. Caracterisation des effets de la roscovitine, un nouvel inhibiteur chimique de cdk." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066422.
Full textMillan, Laurine. "Caractérisation d’inhibiteurs de complexes CDK‐cycline chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112149.
Full textAs in all multicellular organisms, growth and development in plants require the coordination of cell production by division and cell differentiation. Progression through cell cycle is controlled by the kinase activity of CDK/cyclin complexes. Inhibitors of these complexes, CKIs, represent excellent candidates to regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation processes during development. To get insight in the potential integrator role of CKIs, floral development was chosen as a developmental model. Using a real time quantitative PCR approach, we bring to light that during floral development of Arabidopsis thaliana, a restricted subset of CKIs was preferentially expressed. It was decided to focus our work on the two major expressed CKIs, KRP6 and KRP7. A better characterization of their expression patterns of during development was undertaken using complementary approaches such as promoter activity analysis, mRNA dynamics, protein expression and post-translational regulation analysis. Because until now ‘gain of function’ approaches have been largely applied to unravel the role of plant CKIs, our challenge was to detect a floral phenotype for KRP6 and KRP7 loss of function mutants, either using knock-out mutants or RNAi lines. We generated krp6-krp7, krp3-krp6, krp3-krp7 double mutants and krp3-krp6-krp7 triple mutant and also several RNAi lines with specifics promoters. Despite the study of these numerous lines, we were not able to highlight phenotypic effects associated with the absence of CKI function during floral development. All these results emphasis functional redundancy which appears to exist between all KRPs, thus quadruple mutant might be needed to provoke some developmental modification.In order to better understand the integrative function of KRPs during floral development, partners of KRP6 and KRP7 were assessed. Two-hybrid screens were performed to identify cDNAs from a “floral-buds-development” library encoding proteins that are able to interact with KRP6 and KRP7. Interestingly, apart from D-type cyclins, we brought to light a new type of interaction. Indeed, a sub-class of the remorin protein family was able to interact with KRP6 or KRP7 in yeast two-hybrid. Remorins are plant specific plasma membrane associated proteins with unknown function. A BiFC approach in BY-2 protoplasts allowed us to confirm remorins/KRP6-7 interactions. Furthermore, the influence of the presence of remorin proteins on KRP6/7 localisation was assessed. KRP7 is able to adopt a nucleo-cytoplasmic localisation in presence of its new partners.Finally, recent results have shown that AMPK is phosphorylating p27KIP1, KRPs functional counterpart in mammals. These phosphorylation events lead to changes in its cellular localisation and its inhibitory activity toward CDK-cyclin complexes. After in silico analysis aiming to predict potential AMPK Arabidopsis homologue SnRK1 phosphorylation sites within some KRPs protein sequences, recombinant KRP6 was used in order to perform in vitro kinase assays. Phosphorylation occurs efficiently on KRP6 when activated SnRK1 catalytic subunit is present. Furthermore, unlike in mammals, this phosphorylation event leads to an alteration of KRP6 inhibitory activity without modification of its cellular localisation. This abolition of KRP6 activity was confirmed by in planta analysis. Indeed, KRP6 overexpression phenotype can be attenuated by simultaneous SnRK1 catalytic subunit overexpression. The existence of this link between KRP6 and SnRK1 underscores a direct relationship between energy homeostasis and cell proliferation
Zoubir, Mustapha. "Traitement anticancéreux et modulation du système immunitaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T016.
Full textCancer therapies have made a gain widespread recognition in the reduction of tumor burden, patient survival and improved quality of life in a number of cancers. Unfortunately, these therapies exert an immunosuppressive effect by killing effectors or blocking the activity of certain biological factors involved in recruiting of the immune system. On the other hand, several studies have shown that these treatments could have the opposite effect by generating or promoting the induction of antitumor immune response, either by direct effect on the recruitment and activation of effectors immunity, either by potentiating cellular interactions by biological mechanisms. The latter involving cytokines, TLR stimulation, increased interactions between cells of the IS; which toggles between immunological anergy to a real system to eradicate cancer cells. In our laboratory, we tried to evaluate the involvement of the immune system in the therapeutic response induced by conventional cytotoxic agents. Here, we describe the effects of an inhibitor of cyclin kinases multi-target "CDKIs PHA-793887" tested in a phase I trial conducted at two sites in Europe. This unexpected finding is that 6 of 15 patients treated with this drug (PHA-793887) developed severe bacterial and viral infections and six of them showed reactivation of the herpes virus that has led us to study these effects on the immune system and in particular on the dialogue between dendritic (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells. This work shows that this drug inhibits the signaling of toll-like receptor (TLR) thereby reducing the interaction DC / NK in vitro. Finally, stimulation of the cells of treated patients demonstrated a significant reduction of this signaling ex vivo. Thus, this immunosuppressive effect has an unexpected viral reactivation in 40% of patients. The second part of this work concerns the effects of metronomic dose of cyclophosphamide (CTX). The injection of a low dose in mice or metronomic dosing in humans, markedly promotes the differentiation of CD4+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells that can be recovered in both blood and tumor beds. However, CTX does not convert regulatory T cells into Th17 cells and promotes cell differentiation into Th17 lymphocytes (secreting interleukin-17 (IL-17)) and Th1 (secreting interferon-γ (IFN)). These were found in blood and in ascites carcinoma patients. Thus, CTX may participate in the generation of antitumor responses through Th 17 differentiation as was suggested by recent preclinical studies showing the existence of a correlation between the rate of Th17 lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor and tumor destruction
Bacevic, Katarina. "Cdk2 as a model for studying evolutionary selection and therapeutic responses in proliferating cancer cells." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT184.
Full textCyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) are essential regulators of the cell cycle that support cell proliferation and are often deregulated in cancer. While Cdk1 is an essential regulator of the cell cycle, Cdk2 is not required for cell cycle progression but promotes tumorigenesis. Therefore, Cdk2 is a promising drug target. Many Cdk inhibitors have been developed and are currently undergoing clinical trials. Darwinian selection can be modelled mathematically, and such studies have shown that even marginal selective advantages can be of great importance in outcomes of cell-cell competition and cancer progression. We hypothesised that the non-essential role of Cdk2 for cell cycle progression may mean that it is a good target for cancer therapy as continual inhibition should be tolerated and should counteract deregulated cell proliferation in cancer. However, as with all chemotherapeutic agents, the development of clinical resistance is likely. We further hypothesized that applying a low-dose treatment with Cdk2 inhibitors should minimize chances of developing resistance, by maintaining competition between robustly proliferating cells that are sensitive to treatment, and resistant cells.The aim of the thesis was to investigate whether Cdk2 confers a proliferative advantage to cancer cells, whether cells can develop resistance to Cdk inhibitors, and if so, whether the mechanisms allowing resistance reduce cellular proliferative fitness.To answer these questions, we have created cell lines with varying degrees of resistance to a selective Cdk2 inhibitor (that at high doses, also inhibits Cdk1) and have characterised their proliferation capacity in comparison with parental cells and isogenic Cdk2 knockout cells. Although in these cells the Cdk2 gene is not mutated and the expression of Cdk2 protein remained unaltered, the kinase activity of Cdk2 is decreased. Similarly, Cdk2 gene knockout (Cdk2 KO) cells have reduced sensitivity to Cdk2 inhibition. Inhibitor-resistant cells proliferate efficiently but are outcompeted by parental, inhibitor-sensitive cells in competition experiments, confirming that inhibitor resistance entails a selective disadvantage. We found that the proliferation of both Cdk2 knockout and inhibitor-resistant (R50) cells is sensitive to nutrient and glucose depletion as well as hypoxia, despite a normal oxygen consumption rate, indicating increased aerobic glycolysis. R50 cells have highly upregulated Cdk6, which may contribute to resistance to Cdk2 inhibition. Moreover, they are sensitised to Cdk4/6 inhibition, which is currently authorised as a treatment for some classes of breast cancer. Finally, Cdk2 knockout cells have an impaired S-phase checkpoint. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibitors targeting Cdk2 might be synthetically lethal with other treatments, eg inhibition of DNA replication, of glycolysis, or of Cdk6. This might diminish cancer cell proliferation and prevent emergence of therapeutic resistance
Cot, Emilie. "Inhibition chimique des Cdk : mécanisme biochimiques et conséquences cellulaires." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20054.
Full textCycline Dependant Kinases (Cdk) control cell cycle progression. The study of their roles is often difficult because of functional redundancy; when a given Cdk is absent, others may compensate. The main role of Cdk2 in the cell cycle is in the initiation of DNA replication, but absence of Cdk2 is compensated for by Cdk1. For example, mice with a genetic knockout of Cdk2 are viable. The chemical inhibition of Cdks may limit compensation by other Cdks. Therefore, to study Cdk2 roles, we have studied chemical inhibition by NU6102, which seems to be selective for Cdk2 in the Xenopus model. To verify the selectivity and study parameters that determine selectivity, we have designed and produced mutants of Cdk2 which are resistant to NU6102, allowing restoration of function in the presence of inhibitor. Moreover, we demonstrate in vitro that NU6102 is selective for Cdk2 compared to other human Cdks, and we describe phenotypes induced by NU6102 in cultured cells, which are interesting in the light of potential applications of NU6102 in cancer chemotherapy. Cdk activity is essential for initiation of DNA replication, but in metazoans no essential substrates are known. To identify potential Cdk substrates during DNA replication, we have performed a proteomics screen of the proteins loaded onto chromatin in the presence or absence of Cdk activity, in the Xenopus model. The results suggest that Cdk activity is not only required for assembling DNA replication complexes onto origins of replication, but may also be implicated in other cellular functions
Furnish, Robin. "Evaluating Immune Modulatory Therapeutic Strategies for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595849080346532.
Full textPeyressatre, Marion. "Développement de biosenseurs fluorescents et d’inhibiteurs pour suivre et cibler CDK5/p25 dans le glioblastome." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3513/document.
Full textCDK5 is a protein kinase ubiquitously expressed but mainly activated in the central nervous system, where it plays an important role in neuronal functions such as synaptic transmission, axonal guidance and migration, synaptic plasticity and neuronal development. CDK5 is associated with p35 protein at the cell membrane, then activated by calpain-mediated cleavage of p35 into p25, which promotes relocalization of CDK5/p25 into the cytoplasm. CDK5/p25 phosphorylates a wide variety of substrates including Tau, thereby contributing to appearance of neurofibrillary plaques responsable for neurodegenerative pathologies such as comme Alzheimer’s et Parkinson’s, when hyperactivated. More recent studies suggest that CDK5 expression and hyperactivation are involved in glioblastoma during cell invasion and CDK5 expression has been reported to be correlated with the pathological grade of gliomas. However there are currently no tools available to monitor CDK5/p25 activity in its native cellular environment, in tissues or in tumours, due to an overall lack of reliable tools to quantify dynamic changes in its kinase activity in a sensitive and continuous fashion. Furthermore, few inhibitors are currently available to target CDK5/p25 in a specific fashion and most of them are ATP competitive inhibitors.The first goal of my thesis was to develop a fluorescent peptide biosensor named CDKACT5, that specifically reports on recombinant CDK5/p25 and on endogenous CDK5 activity in cell extracts in a dynamic and reversible fashion following stimulation or inhibition of this kinase. Once validated in vitro, this biosensor was applied to detect alterations in CDK5/p25 activity in different glioblastoma cell lines in fluorescent kinase activity assays. Finally CDKACT5 was introduced into cultured neuronal cells to monitor dynamic changes in CDK5/p25 activity by fluorescence imaging and time-lapse microscopy.The second goal of my thesis project consisted in developing a conformational fluorescent biosensor to identify non-ATP competitive inhibitors targeting the activation loop of CDK5. CDKCONF5 was implemented to perform a high throughput screen of three small molecule libraries. The hits identified were validated and characterized to determine their inhibitory potential in kinase activity and proliferation assays, as well as their mechanism of action. These compounds constitute promising for selective chemotherapy in glioblastoma
Vandromme, Lucie. "Synthèse de purines trisubstituées en tant qu'inhibiteurs potentiels d'enzymes : application à l'inhibition des protéines kinases dépendantes des cyclines (CDK)." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112160.
Full textCDK are key regulatory of cell cycle enzymes and their deregulation is involved in cancer. Therefore, they are targets of choice for cancer therapy. In the laboratory, researches are focused on the synthesis of powerful and specific CDK inhibitors. Effective synthetic inhibitors have been discovered despite the great structural similarity between each CDK, and purines are one of several families which include the most specific inhibitors. The synthesis of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines as potential CDK inhibitors is carried out by parallel synthesis. This strategy was applied in solution at first, and should be optimized on resin to lead then to supported syntheses of libraries. This thesis deals with synthesis of new original purine libraries obtained by palladium coupling reactions, and their biological evaluation. Thus, after rection conditions optimization, new purines have been obtained using Suzuki, Sonogashira, amidation or carbonylation reactions. Then their CDK inhibitory activity has been tested. As a first approach on solid support, the influence of the spacer arm length in some palladium coupling reactions has been studied
Samuelsson, Magnus. "p57Kip2, a glucocorticoid-induced CDK inhibitor, involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-382-1/.
Full textFourmentraux, Emmanuelle. "Modulation de l'activité lymphocytaire T CD4⁺ par le récepteur inhibiteur KIR2DL1." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077022.
Full textThe functional activity of immune cells is controlled by a balance between activators and inhibitors signals. The Inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) expressed on NK cells and memory effectors T-cell recognize the CMH-I molecules and inhibit cellular activation by SHP-1 recruitment. To better understand the fonction of KIR receptors on CD4⁺ T-cells, KIR2DL1 transfectants were obtained from human T-cell line and from primary CD4⁺ T-cells. Following TCR stimulation, IL-2 production is increased in CD4+ T cells transfected by KIR2DL1 independently of its engagement. When KIR2DL1 is engaged by its cognate ligand the TCR activation is inhibited. Co-stimulation of the TCR signaling by KIR2DL1 requires intact ITIM and their phosphorylation. It induces a subséquent SHP-2 recruitment and an increased of PKCθ and ERK phosphorylation. Synapses leading to activation are characterized by an increase in the recruitment of p-Tyr, SHP-2, and p-PKCθ. Interaction of KIR2DL1 with its ligand leads to a strong synaptic KIR2DL1 accumulation and SHP-1/SHP-2 recruitment resulting in the inhibition of TCR-induced IL-2 production. These data reveal that KIR2DL1 may induce two opposite signaling outputs in CD4⁺ T cells, depending on whether the KIR receptor is bound to its ligand. The unexpected results observed on the regulation of CD4⁺ T cells by KIR2DL1 receptors, through the functional duality of ITIM, is fundamental to determine the immune System capacity to develop an adapted answer, i. E. To maintain the balance between tolerance and immunity
Thomas, A. J. "The investigation of AT7519 (CDK inhibitor) and AT13387 (HSP90 inhibitor) as novel therapies for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3004686/.
Full textNafati, Mehdi. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des inhibiteurs de Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) dans le fruit de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum)." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21712/document.
Full textWithin the Joint Research Unit 619 of the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), the group "Organogenesis of the Fruit and endoreduplication" examines the molecular players involved in cell cycle control in tomato fruit. The purpose of this thesis is the study of the cell cycle inhibitor Kip-Related Protein and its role during fruit development. Identification of protein motifs in the functional inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase in Solanum lycopersicum SlKRP1: Their role in interactions with partners in the cell cycle The Kip-related proteins (KRPs) play a major role in the regulation of cell cycle. It has been shown to inhibit the CDK / Cyclin and thus block cell cycle progression. Despite their lack of homology with their counterparts in animals beyond their binding motif CDK / Cyclin, located at the C-terminal protein sequences in the plant, previous studies have shown the presence of conserved motifs plant specific in some KRPs, but there is little information about their function. We show here that the KRPs are distributed into two phylogenetic groups, and that each subgroup has specific short conserved motifs. The KRPs from subgroup 1 have six conserved motifs. Using SlKRP1, which belongs to subgroup 1, we have identified the motifs responsible for the localization of the protein and protein-protein interactions. We demonstrate that the pattern 2 is responsible for the interaction with CSN5, a subunit of the signalosome complex, and that the motif 5 is redundant with motif 3 with respect to the sub-cellular localization of the protein. We also show that SlKRP1 is capable of guiding SlCDKA1 and SlCycD3; 1 to the nucleus, even in the absence of CDK / cyclin binding motif previously referenced. This new site of interaction is probably located in the central part of the sequence of SlKRP1. These results provide new clues about the role of the little-known part of this protein. Overexpression of SlKRP1 in tomato mesocarp disrupts the proportionality between endoreduplication and cell size The fruit is a specialized organ which results from the ovary after pollination and fertilization, and provides a suitable environment for seed maturation and dispersal. Because of their importance in human nutrition and economic importance, fleshy fruit species have been the subject of study mainly focused on the developmental formation of the ovary, fruit set and fruit ripening. The stage of fruit growth has been much less studied, although cell division and cell growth taking place during this period are crucial to determining the final size of the fruit, as well as its mass and shape. The development of tomato fruit mesocarp occurs by the estate of a phase of cell division followed by a phase of cell expansion associated with endoreduplication, leading to the formation of giant cells (up to 0.5 mm) with ploidy levels of up to 256C. Although a clear relationship between endoreduplication and cell growth has been shown by many examples in plants, the exact role of endoreduplication has still not been elucidated, since most of the experiments leading to a change in the level of endoreduplication in plants also affected cell division. We studied the kinetics of the development of tomato mesocarp morphologically and cytologically and studied the effect of the reduced level of endoreduplication in the development of the fruit over-expressing the cell cycle inhibitor Kip-Related Protein 1 (SlKRP1) specifically in the growing cells of the tomato mesocarp. We show a direct proportionality between endoreduplication and cell size during normal development of the fruit, which allowed us to build a model for development of mesocarp defining the thickness of the pericarp by taking into account the number of cell divisions and the number of rounds of endoreduplication. Surprisingly, the tomato mesocarps affected in their level of endoreduplication by over-expression of SlKRP1 are not affected in terms of cell size and fruit, or on their metabolic content. Our results demonstrate for the first time that while the level of ploidy is closely linked with cell size and fruit, endoreduplication is not responsible for the cell growth of tomato mesocarp
Sarkis, Manal. "Les phosphates CDC25 constituent-elles des cibles importantes en cancérologie : Des inhibiteurs de l'activité enzymatique vers les inhibiteurs de l'interaction entre CDC25 et leurs substrats CDK-Cycline." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P635.
Full textCDC25 phosphatases are key regulators of the cell cycle and its checkpoints. Hence, they are required to dephosphorylate and thus activate the Cdk/Cyclin complexes triggering progression through the different phases. Over-expression of CDC25 has been demonstrated in a large number of human tumors and is often associated with aggressiveness and poor clinical prognosis. CDC25 phosphatases may therefore represent attractive targets for anti-cancer therapy. Starting from a thiazolopyrimidinone (TZP) structure, previously reported as CDC25 inhibitor in our laboratory, two series of new compounds have been developed. Dimerisation of the thiazolone scaffold led to bis-thiazolone derivatives with inhibitory activities in the micromolar range greater than that observed for the mono-thiazolones. Moreover, most of these compounds were selective CDC25 inhibitors. A second scaffold was designed by opening of the pyrimidine ring of the TZP, leading to thiazolidine-4-one derivatives that inhibit CDC25B activities with values of IC50 in the micromolar range. A four-component reaction, using micro-wave irradiation, was developed to rapidly prepare these compounds. Finally, an approach aiming at inhibiting the interactions between phosphatase CDC25 and its substrate CDK2 was engaged. Several virtual chemical libraries will be screened in silico, and the small molecules candidates selected will be assessed for their binding affinity using an in vitro assay, that we sought to develop
Cheung, Douglas Guy. "Action of CDK Inhibitor PHA-848125 in ER-negative Breast Cancer with MicroRNA-221/222 Overexpression." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu150054220454799.
Full textBettayeb, Karima. "Optimisation et caractérisation de nouveaux inhibiteurs pharmacologiques de kinases cycline-dépendantes (CDKs)." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S025.
Full textCyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell division cycle (CDK1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7), apoptosis (CDK1, 5), and transcription (CDK7, 9). Pharmacological inhibitors of CDKs constitute a new family of potential antitumor agents: ten are under clinical trials, among which roscovitine, was discovered in our laboratory. My thesis is about identification, optimisation and characterization of biochemical and cellular effects of three new kinase inhibitory classes: 7-bromo-indirubins (7BIO), meriolin and new analogs of roscovitine (N&N1 and C&R8). 7BIO induces non-apoptotic cell death through an unknown mechanism (no release of cytochrome C, nor caspase activation). On the other hand, meriolins and second generation roscovitine analogs induce a classical apoptosis due to CDK9 inhibition, thus leading to disappearance of the cell survival factor, Mcl-1. These three classes of chemicals display promising anti-proliferative and antitumor properties
Vigneron, Céline. "Rôle des inhibiteurs de CDK dans la différenciation conjointe de l'ovocyte et des cellules du cumulus chez le bovin." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4021.
Full textIn bovine, oocytes which are blocked in meiotic prophase acquire sequentially their competence to resume and complete meiosis and the potential for development. This period of oocyte terminal differentiation allows the storage of maternal RNA and proteins necessary for embryos development. In vitro, as son as extracted from their follicular environment, oocytes spontaneously resume meiosis. A preliminary culture allowing the maintenance of oocytes at meiotic prophase might allow them to complete this differentiation step in vitro. We showed that the use of roscovitine allowed maintaining oocytes in meiotic block without loss of developmental potential, nor cumulus cells functionalities. This work will allow improving the culture conditions of bovine oocytes in order to increase their final developmental competence and will allow a better understanding the mechanisms of meiosis resumption control in oocytes and to distinguish between the events that are related to MPF activation or not in this complex process
Berberich, Nina. "Elucidation of a novel mode of action underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of the cdk inhibitor roscovitine." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-117523.
Full textRiley, Nicola Amy. "Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor drugs induce apoptosis in human neutrophils through regulation of critical survival proteins." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8171.
Full textTikad, Abdellatif. "Développement de nouvelles pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines polyfonctionnalisées : application à la synthèse d’inhibiteurs de CDKs." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2079.
Full textAnfossi, Nicolas. "Récepteurs inhibiteurs aux molécules du CMH de classe I sur cellules T CD8+." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22068.
Full textLu, Zhixin. "Investigations on Cancer Cell Biological Effects of CDK8 Inhibitor Q-12." Scholarly Commons, 2018. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3554.
Full textPouche, Lucie. "Variabilité d'origine génétique et épigénétique de la pharmacodynamie des inhibiteurs de la calcineurine en transplantation rénale." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0017/document.
Full textInter-individual genetic variation might account for diverse efficacy and toxicity of calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporin and tacrolimus). In particular, some variants located within genes coding for proteins of the calcineurin pathway can explain part of this variability. In this manuscript, a panel of candidate genes was selected based on bibliographic review and tested in a pharmacogenetics study encompassing 381 renal transplants followed for one year after surgery. None of these candidates was associated with the acute rejection or serious infection risks. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamic variability of these drugs was also investigated, exploring the use of epigenomics profiling as proximal readout of the calcineurin inhibition treatment. In particular, we investigated the impact of drug exposure on DNA methylation in two experimental models. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq, Ion Proton technology) was deployed in JURKAT cell line, used as in vitro model, and in CD4 T lymphocytes isolated from mice treated with either cyclosporin or tacrolimus for three months. After sequencing, the differentiated methylated regions caused by drug exposure were analyzed. Bioinformatics analyses were performed using SAMtools (Li et al., 2009), BEDtools (Quinlan and Hall, 2010), MACS2 (Zhang et al., 2008) and Diffbind (Stark and Brown, 2011 - Bioconductor). Overall, the genome-wide analysis revealed only 24 regions with a differentiated enrichment in DNA methylation after three month-tacrolimus treatment, indicating a targeted effect of these treatments on a subset of key genes. Of note, CALM2 promoter, coding for the calmodulin isoform 2 protein, showed significant hypermethylation in tacrolimus-treated mice. These preliminary results corroborate the interest in using DNA methylation as promising approach to identify candidate biomarkers for therapeutic drug monitoring in calcineurin inhibitor treatments
Savage, Nigel Denning Leonard. "Defective CD4⁺ T cell activation in the presence of a metalloproteinase inhibitor." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27344.
Full textFunnell, Tyler. "Transcriptomic consequences of RNA processing disruption via a novel CDC-like kinase inhibitor." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51614.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Graduate
Bana, Émilie. "Inhibition des phosphatases CDC 25 dans le cadre d'une thérapie anticancéreuse : étude mécanistique de nouveaux inhibiteurs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0105/document.
Full textWithin the context of research for new targets for cancer therapy, Cdc25 phosphatases are interesting candidates, the inhibition of which being able to slow down tumor growth and eventually improve the cancer treatments currently in use. The objectives of this PhD project are to design and synthesize new compounds able to inhibit CDC25 and to determine efficiency of identified compounds in breast cancer cell lines. In vitro evaluation of inhibitory potential of compound is realized through a high sensitivity fluorometric method (3-OMFP substrate). Cellular effects were evaluated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Effects on cell viability are assessed through MTT assays, and cytotoxicity is evaluated through trypan blue assays and microscopic observations with Incucyte videomicroscopy system. Cell death was characterized by detection of apoptotic markers (caspases) and DNA damages markers (PARP Histone H.2AX) by Western Blotting. The analyses of mechanisms underlying cell death were explored through cytometric detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with H2DCFDA and Redox Sensor Red probes. Inhibition of CDC25 in cells was indirectly evaluated through detection of phosphorylated forms of CDK by Western Blotting. In vitro evaluation of 93 synthesized compounds allowed us to find new active compound in various chemical families including steroid, thiophene, coumarinic, imidazole and quinone derivatives. The coumarinic derivatives showed potent CDC25 inhibition. A new coumarin-sulfurquinone combined structure, named SV37, was designed to optimize efficiency of inhibition. In vitro tests on this compound, showed a strong CDC25 inhibitory potential (IC50 under 5µM for CDC25 A and C). Effect of SV37 on cell growth was evaluated on various cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, hTERT-HME1 and HepG2). Results indicate inhibition of cell growth (IC50 values from 9 to 18 µM). Analysis of cell viability indicates no remarkable cell death in MCF7 at IC50 value whereas in MDA-MB-231 the cell growth decrease was characterized by an increase of cell death. For deeper investigations on the cell death and on the underlying mechanisms, we focused the study on the triple negative model MDA-MB-231. The morphological changes of MDA-MB-231 cells during the treatment were characterized by the appearance of cellular alterations compatible with a cellular demise and culminating with a disruption of cells after 20h. Caspase-3 and 7 cleavages were observed 16h after beginning of the treatment, suggesting an apoptotic cell death. A ROS induction was observed 15 min after the beginning of the treatment and was totally prevented by Nacetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment. DNA damage markers were detected between 16 and 28 hours after beginning of treatment, a timing falling with caspase activation and with the appearance of cell demise observed by video microscopy. Accumulation of pCDK in cells was observed after 4 and 8 hr of treatment by SV37 at IC50 suggesting an inhibition of CDC25 activity, and cells pretreated with NAC showed no accumulation of pCDK after SV37 treatment. This strongly suggests a direct link between ROS generation by the compound SV37 and the accumulation of pCDK. This project increased knowledge on inhibitors of CDC25 phosphatases and allowed the identification of coumarine compound as new CDC25 inhibitors. This work will enable the development of ever more efficient inhibitors, leading to efficient inhibition of CDC25 and inhibition of tumor development
Bendjeddou, Lyamin. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de kinases : identification d‘inhibiteurs de kinases parasitaires." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P615.
Full textPhosphorylation by protein kinases is one of the most important post-translational modification in cellular processes such as division, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Kinase deregulation is associated with numerous diseases such as cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine were prepared to inhibit protein kinases involved in diseases targeted in the laboratory. The imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines were synthesized to identify inhibitors of CLK1 and DYRK1A, potential targets in Alzheimer's disease. Among the imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines synthesized, several molecules were found selective of DYRKs and CLKs, with IC50 < 100 nM. A structure-activity relationship based on the synthesis of 70 molecules, led to the identification of the structural bases of the selectivity. Products were also evaluated against parasite kinases. It was possible to identify some highly potent inhibitors on PfCLK1. The aim of second part of this thesis was to optimize the synthetic process to obtain imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines, which are close analogues of roscovitine. Derivatives had proved capable of inhibiting the formation of cysts in a cellular model of polycystic kidney disease. A seven-step synthesis has led to several grams of 3,5,7-trisubstituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is now available for evaluation in vivo
Ebner, Benedikt [Verfasser]. "Kombinationstherapien mit dem CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib und weiteren Target-Therapeutika im Urothelkarzinom / Benedikt Ebner." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238422977/34.
Full textHamdi, Amel. "Découverte de petites molécules inhibitrices d’interactions protéiques : développements méthodologiques et application à l’interaction CDK2/CKS1." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S128.
Full textSmall molecule inhibitors of protein interactions are invaluable research tools, enabling a better understanding of regulatory mechanisms. In addition, protein interaction networks represent a relatively untapped, rich source of potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, it is likely that many inhibitors of protein interactions may also represent therapeutic candidates of interest. The discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of protein interactions has been generally considered as an arduous if not impossible task in the past century. However, in the past decade, it has become increasingly popular, partly thanks to the availability of a large arsenal of valuable screening methods. One of the objectives of the PhD work was to optimize a yeast BRET assay (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer) previously developed in our lab. Although this work has not brought the expected optimization, it has provided a better understanding of the assay in yeast and it has suggested new avenues of optimization. The other objective was to discover small-molecule inhibitors of the interaction between CDK2, a protein kinase that plays a key role in cell division, and the CKS1 regulatory protein. CKS proteins interact with CDK1/2-Cyclin complexes and play multiple roles in regulating the cell cycle and in maintaining mitochondrial genome integrity. Two small-molecule inhibitors of the interaction CDK2/CKS1 were identified by screening a chemical library, using a yeast two-hybrid assay. They have been confirmed by in vitro interaction assays and more active analogues have been identified
Esvan, Yannick. "Conception et synthèse de nouveaux composés hétéroaromatiques inhibiteurs potentiels de kinases." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22743.
Full textIn 1950’s protein kinases were found to play a critical role in cell signaling, rising strong research potential for this enzyme family. Initially investigated for their implications in cancerogenesis they were more recently found to be involved in a wide variety of diseases including neurodegenerative pathologies. Herein will be presented two research projects that offer bright new perspectives for the inhibition of kinases involved whether in neurodegenerative diseases or cancers.First, the design and synthesis of new pyrido[3,4-g]quinazoline derivatives will be described as well as their protein kinase inhibitory potencies toward five CMGC family members (CDK5, CK1, GSK3, CLK1 and DYRK1A) that are known to play a potential role in Alzheimer’s disease. The interest for this original tricyclic heteroaromatic scaffold as modulators of CLK1/ DYRK1A activity was validated by nanomolar potencies. CLK1 co-crystal structures with two inhibitors revealed the binding mode of these compounds within the ATP-binding pocket and led to the synthesis of new diversely substituted pyrido[3,4-g]quinazolines.Then the synthesis of a new derivative of the staurosporine aglycon (K252c), in which the lactam ring was replaced by a pyrazole moiety, will be depicted. The resulting indolopyrazolocarbazole inhibited Pim isoforms 1–3 whereas it did not impair the activity of two known targets of K252c, protein kinase C isoforms α and γ . The lead compound exhibited same cytotoxic activity as K252c toward both human leukemia and colon carcinoma cell lines (K562 and HCT116), strongly suggesting that this new scaffold deserves further investigations for treatment of malignancies associated with kinases activities
Bourderioux, Aurélie. "Synthèse d'hybrides d'indolocarbazoles et de la caulersine, composés à visée antitumorale." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00147916.
Full textDans le cadre de la recherche de nouveaux agents cytotoxiques et d'inhibiteurs de kinases toujours plus sélectifs, la structure principale des phénylcarbazoles, appartenant à la famille des indolocarbazoles, a été modifiée par introduction d'une tropone centrale, cycle à 7 chaînons porteur d'une fonction carbonyle. Les différentes voies de synthèse permettant d'accéder à cette nouvelle famille de composés appelés oxophénylarcyriaflavines ont été étudiées. La méthode de choix retenue pour l'étape finale de la synthèse est la cyclisation électrophile en position 2 de l'indole. Cette synthèse a ensuite été généralisée aux composés substitués par des groupements hydroxyles en position 5 de l'indole d'une part et en position 4' et 5' du noyau phényle d'autre part. Les 17 molécules finales ainsi synthétisées ont subi divers tests biologiques permettant d'établir les RSA de cette nouvelle famille de composés. Finalement, la méthodologie mise au point pour les oxophénylarcyriaflavines a été étendue à la synthèse de la toute première famille de composés bisindoliques possédant également une tropone centrale.
Stone, Erica. "EFFECTS OF ORTHOPHOSPHATE CORROSION INHIBITOR IN BLENDED WATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENTS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2961.
Full textPh.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering PhD
Guan, Xiaotao. "IMPACT OF ZINC ORTHOPHOSPHATE INHIBITOR ON DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WATER QUALITY." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3294.
Full textPh.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering PhD
Prevel, Camille. "Développement de biosenseurs fluorescents et d’inhibiteurs pour suivre et cibler CDK4/cycline D dans le mélanome." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3505/document.
Full textCDK/cyclins play a central role in coordinating cell cycle progression, and in sustaining proliferation of cancer cells, thereby constituting established cancer biomarkers and attractive pharmacological targets. In particular, CDK4/cyclin D, which is responsible for coordinating cell cycle progression through G1 into S phase, is a relevant target in several cancers including melanoma, associated with mutation of CDK4, cyclin D, p16INK4a and pRb.As there are no sensitive and direct approaches to probe CDK4/cyclin D activity in physiological and pathological conditions, the first goal of my thesis has consisted in engineering a fluorescent biosensor to probe this kinase in vitro and in cellulo. Once characterized and validated in vitro, the biosensor was applied to detect CDK4/cyclin D alterations in biopsies from human skin and melanoma xenografts in fluorescence-based activity assays, and in living cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy and timelapse imaging.Moreover, only few inhibitors are currently available to target CDK4/cyclin D and most of them bind the ATP pocket. As such, the second major goal of my thesis project has consisted in identifying non-ATP competitive inhibitors, either through rational design of peptides or by screening small molecule libraries. To this aim, two fluorescent biosensors were engineered which discriminate compounds that target the interface between CDK4 and cyclin D, or that perturb the conformational dynamics of CDK4, respectively, from ATP-pocket binding compounds. Fluorescence-based screening assays performed with these biosensors lead to identification of hits, which were validated and characterized in vitro and in cell proliferation assays, and which constitute promising candidates for selective chemotherapy in melanoma
Junior, Walter Filgueira de Azevedo. "Introdução à biocristalografia com o estudo estrutural da quinase dependente de ciclina 2 (CDK2) complexada com inibidores." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-17032014-173549/.
Full textCell cycle progression is tightly controlled by the activity of ciclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs are inactive as monomers, and activation requires binding to cyclins, a diverse family of proteins whose levels oscillate during cell cycle, and phosphorilation by CDK-activating kinase (CAK) on a specific threonine residue. CDKs are able to phosphorylate many proteins that are in volvedin cell cycle events, including histones and tumor suppressor proteins like the retinoblastoma gene product pRb. In addition to the positive regulatory role of cyclins and CAK, many negative regulatory proteins (CDK Inhibitors, CIGs) have been discovered, such as p16, p21, and p28. Since deregulation of cyclins and/or alteration or absence ofCKIs have been associated with many cancers, there is strong interest in chemical inhibitors of CDKs that could play an important role in the discovery of new family of antitumor agents. Since ATP is the authentic cofactor of CDK2 it can be considered as a \"pseudo-lead compound\" for discovery of CDK2 inhibitors. However there are two major concerns: adenine containing compounds are common ligants for many enzymes in cells, thus, any adenine derivatives may inhibit many enzymes in the cells: second, any highly charged compounds such as ATP will prevent them from uptake by cells. We report here the x-ray structures of CDK2 in complex with two different inhibitors, deschloro-flavopiridol(DFP) and Roscovitine. The structure of the binary complex CDK2-DFP was solved by molecular replacement and refined to Rfactor = 20.3% and the structure ofCDK2-Roscovitine was refined to Rfactor = 18.0 %. The deschloro-flavopiridol(DFP) is a flavone with a novel structure, compared to that of polyhydroxylated flavones. Previous studies have shown that flavopiridol, a flavonoid, can inhibit growth of breast and lung carcinoma cell lines. The Roscovitine is an adenine derivative and a potent CDK2 inhibitor. The two inhibitors are competitive inhibitors for ATP binding to CDK2 and bind to the ATP binding pocket ofCDK2. The comparison of the three-dimensional structures of CDK2-DFP and CDK2-Roscovitine with the CDK2-ATP shows that the hydrophobic adenine-binding pocket has a surprising ability to accommodate molecular structures that are different from ATP.
Fischer, Luca [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Dreyling. "Zielgerichtete Therapien beim Mantelzelllymphom : Der neue CDK4/6-Inhibitor Abemaciclib in Mono- und Kombinationstherapie / Luca Fischer ; Betreuer: Martin Dreyling." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190033135/34.
Full textHerlan, Stephan [Verfasser], and Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] Weissert. "Behandlung mit CDK5 Inhibitor bei der Myelin Oligodendrozyten Glykoprotein (MOG) induzierten experimentellen autoimmunen Encephalomyelitis (EAE) / Stephan Herlan ; Betreuer: Robert Weissert." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1161734597/34.
Full textAlshehri, Abdulrahman. "IMPACT OF CORROSION INHIBITOR BLENDED ORTHOPHOSPHATE ON WATER QUALITY IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3248.
Full textPh.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering PhD
Briant, Rémi. "Développement de nouvelles séries d’inhibiteurs hétérocycliques des protéines kinases : synthèse, relations structure-activité et optimisation de leur sélectivité au sein du groupe CMGC." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10256.
Full textSince the approval of imatinib (or Gleevec®), protein kinases have become major targets for the treatment of several pathologies (cancer, neurodegenerative diseases,…). Among the eight existing groups of protein kinases, the CMGC group consists of 61 serine-threonine kinases classified as CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases), GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinases), CLKs (Cdc2-like kinases), DYRKs (dual specificity, tyrosine phosphorylationregulated kinases) or other sub-families. Nevertheless a major challenge remains concerning the development of kinase-modulating small molecules: the selectivity of these new inhibitors, which generally bind in the ATPbinding pocket, a common site for all protein kinases. Our team aims at synthesizing original and selective inhibitors of CMGC kinases. In this presentation, we are introducing the synthesis, the evaluation of the structure-activity relationships and the optimization of the selectivity of three series of heterocyclic inhibitors, targeting CMGC protein kinases. Based on N-&-N1 (GP0210), an inhibitor developed in the laboratory and currently in preclinical trials, the synthesis and the biological evaluation of a library of pyrazolo[1,5-a]triazines led to the identification of two series of compounds which inhibit CDK on the one hand and GSK3 on the other hand. From AT7519, a CDK and GSK3 inhibitor currently in phase II clinical trials in oncology, we synthesized new pyrazole-3-carboxamides, which are selective GSK3 inhibitors and may have different therapeutical applications. Finally we prepared derivatives of meriolines, CDK inhibitors that have been previously developed in our laboratory. These new compounds inhibit CLKs on the nanomolar scale and are selective against other CMGC kinases, especially against DYRKs. This last result has never been obtained so far
Fan, Rong. "DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND EVALUATION OF 5-LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITOR PRODRUGS FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/408778.
Full textPh.D.
Pharmacologic blockade of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) through its inhibitor, zileuton (Zyflo®), has been shown to reduce both gamma secretase-catalyzed misprocessing of amyloid precursor protein and over-phosphorylation of tau protein (two hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)) in transgenic mice (3xTg, Tg2576). However, zileuton suffers from low potency, liver toxicity, gastrointestinal side effects, and a suboptimal metabolism profile that hamper its development as a viable disease-modifying treatment for AD patients, who are usually older. Prodrugs of zileuton that deliver therapeutic concentrations of the parent molecule to the brain at low plasma concentrations could overcome these problems. In addition, other 5-LO inhibitors (ABT-761, BWA4C) with similar structure but greater potency might also be amenable to facilitate the discovery of the best prodrug for AD. A prodrug is a biologically inactive compound that is metabolized in the target tissue to release the parent drug. Prodrug strategies for Central Nervous System (CNS) delivery include masking polar groups with lipophilic moieties that promote brain penetration, Chemical Delivery Systems (CDS) that trap prodrugs in the brain and incorporating brain nutrients which engage Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) nutrient transporters. We have pursued all three strategies to enhance CNS delivery of the prototype hydroxyurea 5-LO inhibitor analog zileuton. To accomplish this task we synthesized and characterized 48 5-LO prodrugs for zileuton that falls into all three prodrug categories, and several lipophilic and CDS prodrugs for the other two 5-LO inhibitors (22 for ABT-761 and 22 for BWA4C,). The prodrugs were tested in a battery of in vitro assays that included solubility, plasma/simulated gastrointestinal fluid/microsomal stability, cell toxicity, and 5-LO inhibition assays. The promising compounds then went to the second tier of screening by equilibrium dialysis with plasma/brain homogenate/microsomes, and in vivo pilot pharmacokinetics study and full pharmacokinetics studies. As a consequence of this work, we identified six zileuton prodrugs (RF14, RF15, RF75, RF77, RF87, and RF88) with reasonable solubility, stability, safety, protein/lipid binding, and no 5-LO inhibitory activities and advanced them to the in vivo pilot pharmacokinetics studies. The most lipophilic prodrug RF58 was also tested in vivo as a comparator to RF14 and RF15 despite its fast metabolism in plasma. However, none of them demonstrated better CNS delivery of parent drug compared to administration of the parent itself. For the lipophilic prodrugs, two carbamate prodrugs (the racemic mixture of RF14 and RF15, RF58) were tested in the in vivo pilot study. The racemic mixture of RF14 and RF15 (RF14/15) with slightly increased lipophilicity (CLogP = 2.81 compared to 2.48 of zileuton) didn’t demonstrate a better brain penetration (Brain/Plasma = 0.06 in RF14/RF15 compared to 0.5 for zileuton). In addition, the carbamate linker was relatively stable in the brain, which resulted in a low zileuton brain-to-plasma ratio (0.03). The very lipophilic RF58 (CLogP = 6.51) demonstrated a large brain-to-plasma ratio (Brain/Plasma = 21.7), however, it suffered from rapid metabolism and extremely slow conversion to zileuton. The conclusions from this category of prodrug were that an increase in CLogP could increase the brain penetration, but the carbamate linker was too stable in the brain to ensure reasonable conversion to zileuton. RF14/15 had less brain penetration possibly because its rotatable bonds were doubled compared with zileuton (rotatable bond = 3). The large increase of entropy offseted the small increase of CLogP. For the CDS prodrugs, distal ester prodrugs were unstable in the in vitro screening, while two distal amide prodrugs with trigonelline and dimethoxy-dihydroquinoline promoieties RF75 and RF77, respectively, showed reasonable in vitro data and advanced to pilot in vivo pharmacokinetics studies. Both of them demonstrated a better zileuton brain-to-plasma ratio (0.726 for RF75, 1.98 for RF77 compared to zileuton 0.5), which indicated a CNS-targeted effect. However, RF75 suffered from rapid peripheral elimination and RF77 suffered from low brain penetration (Brain/Plasma = 0.008), which led to a very low zileuton concentration in the brain and thus both prodrugs did not advance to full pharmacokinetics study. The low level of RF75 was probably due to its fast oxidization to the charged pyridinium intermediate which then suffered from rapid elimination. Similarly, a rapid oxidization would also cause RF77 to show low brain penetration (although p-glycoprotein efflux cannot be ruled out since it was not measured). The conclusions from this approach are that CDS is a good CNS targeted delivery system for zileuton and the distal amide linker is tolerable in this system although the brain conversion (approximately 10%) is slower than the plasma conversion (approximately 30%). The dihydroquinoline CDS system was more stable than the trigonelline CDS system. The low brain penetration of dihydroquinoline system should be investigated and additional substituted dihydrquinoline CDS analogs should be synthesized to continue this investigation. For the transporter-mediated prodrugs, esters were not stable while one glucose prodrugs RF87 with a glycosidic bond and one lysine prodrugs RF88 with carbamate bond were advanced to in vivo pilot pharmacokinetics study. Similar with RF75, although RF87 demonstrated better zileuton brain-to-plasma ratio (0.79), it suffered from rapid peripheral metabolism that prevented its further development. RF88 demonstrated limited brain penetration (Brain/Plasma = 0.013) which indicates either that RF88 was a weak substrate for LAT1 or that this prodrug was more a LAT1 inhibitor than a substrate. However, encouraged by its high plasma concentration at 30 min, it was possible that at a later time the brain concentration of zileuton could be higher. So the full pharmacokinetics studies were performed. However, this prodrug did not provide better zileuton exposure than zileuton itself throughout a 6 hour time period. Although the current prodrugs did not provide better brain zileuton exposure compared to administering the parent drug itself, the project could be further investigated with the parent drugs ABT-761 and BWA4C. In addition, analogs that are less stable in plasma than the ones advanced in the screening triage, CDS promoieties with different substitution patterns to modulate oxidative potential; and transporter-mediated promoieties containing different amino acids and sugars could be further investigated to pursue the discovery of better prodrugs of 5-LO inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. The key to success in future efforts will be the identification of a reliable in vitro screening assay to measure the ability of the prodrugs to be converted to parent drug in the brain.
Temple University--Theses
Beziaud, Laurent. "Impact des inhibiteurs de la voie mTOR sur la réponse immunitaire T anti-tumorale." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3002.
Full textThe mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a central role in the regulation of cell growth andmetabolism, and is involved in oncogenesis. Everolimus and temsirolimus are two mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) approvedfor renal and breast carcinoma treatments. However, accumulating evidence highlights a central role for mTOR pathwayin T cell immunity. We showed that 21 out of 23 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients under everolimus treatmenthad an increase of Tregs atter everolimus treatment. Paradoxically, strong antitumor Th 1 responses were detected andthen greatly decreased at the time of disease progression when high expansion of Tregs occurred. Furthermore, weidentified three immune groups based on the early modulation of both Treg and anti-tumor Thl cells and found thatpatients with {low Tregs plus high anti-tumor Thl cells} showed the best survival. In vitro, mTORi-exposed Tregs highlysuppressed T cell proliferation and Thl-associated cytokines production. We showed in vivo that T cells depletiondifferentially modulated the antitumor efficacy of mTORi. Although anti-mTOR effect was loss in B16-OVA-bearingmice lacking CD8 T cells, CD4 T depletion increased mTORi efficacy. The studies conducted in mice demonstratedthat the presence of Tregs in vivo altered the responses to mTORi via a mechanism involving the inhibition of antitumorCD8 T cell responses. Finally the efficacy of mTORi was improved by combination with Tregs depleting agents andvaccines. Altogether, our results describe for the first time a dual impact of host adaptive antitumor T cell immunity onthe clinical effectiveness of mTQRi and prompt their association with immunotherapies
Gamble, Joanne. "Targeted expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI)-1 to the stomach inhibits gut-brain signalling by the satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/17373/.
Full textKöhler, Lena. "Radiotracer für die molekulare Bildgebung: Radiomarkierung von Inhibitoren der CDK4/6 mit den Radionukliden Iod-124 und Fluor-18." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-38369.
Full textSamba, Louaka Ascel Régis. "Détermination de la voie de signalisation cellulaire eucaryote détournée par la protéine bactérienne Cif." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/614/.
Full textThe cycle inhibiting factor (Cif) belongs to a family of bacterial toxins, the cyclomodulins, that deregulate the host cell cycle. Upon injection into the host cell by pathogenic Escherichia coli, Cif inhibits G2/M transition via sustained inhibition of the mitosis inducer CDK1. I show that Cif induces not only G2 but also G1 cell cycle arrest depending on the stage of cells in the cell cycle during the infection. Those arrests were associated with stabilization of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21waf1 and p27kip1. CDKs complexes promote of the cell cycle transitions at both G1/S and G2/M. We recently demonstrated that functional Cif homologs are present in human pathogenic bacterial strains such as Burkholderia pseudomallei, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Photorhabdus asymbiotica and in symbiotic (for nematode) pathogenic (for insect) bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens. Those proteins, that share similar structures and catalytic sites, belong to the superfamily of enzymes including cystein proteases and acetyltransferases. Although the link between the activity and the cell cycle arrest remain to established, Cif proteins form a growing family of cyclomodulins that interact with very distinct hosts including insects, nematodes and humans. .
SADAT, SOWTI COMBADIERE BEHAZINE. "Controle des reponses cytotoxiques par les lymphocytes cd8+cd57+ au cours de l'infection par le vih et apres transplanttion de moelle osseuse / caracterisation d'un facteur soluble inhibiteur (icf)." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077357.
Full textShek, Ho-ping, and 石浩平. "Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) as a novel effector of cadherin-17 (CDH 17)/beta-catenin axis in hepatocellular carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197500.
Full textpublished_or_final_version
Surgery
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Pellegatti, Laurent. "Méthodologie en chimie hétérocyclique et application à la synthèse d'inhibiteurs de kinases." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2046.
Full textCancer, one of the leading causes of death, represents today a major public health problem. Over the last few years, marine alkaloids represent a source of inspiration for chemists in order to obtain new anticancer drugs. For this purpose, as a part of our laboratory researches, analogues of marine alkaloids were synthesized possessing a tris-aromatic structure. We developed originals analogs of these alacaloïds formed by a central heterocycle core (1,2,4-triazine et imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine) on wich is graft two arylic moiety variously substituted. Obtaining these compounds was also an opportunity to develop news synthetic methodologies. So a new Buchwald-Hartwig reaction type based on methylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazines has been perfect, as palladocatalyzed CH arylation pathway on imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine. A part is devoted to Groebke-Blackburn multicomponant reaction. Various pharmacological analyses were carried out in particular with inhibition of various kinases and cytotoxicity evaluation on various human cancer cell lines
Loubidi, Mohammed. "Synthèse et réactivité de bicycles imidazo[1,2-a]imidazoles et imidazo[1,5- a]imidazoles à visée thérapeutique." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2037.
Full textThe imidazo-imidazoles bicycles have received special attention among other nitrogen cycles due to their biologically interesting properties exploited in the medicine manufacturing. The imidazo-imidazole scaffold is one of the most representative nitrogen containing heterocycle, as it plays a significant role and possesses a major interest in drug synthesis and functionalization. In this work we report firstly a synthetic pathway to novel imidazo[1,2-a]imidazoles candidates for CKD inhibitors. Secondly we develop two strategies to prepareimidazo[1,5-a]imidazoles and their reactivity via pallado-catalyzed reactions. Finally, we disclose a fast and an efficient access to imidazo[1,5-a]imidazoles by using the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction (GBB), followed by a palladium catalysed intramolecular cyclization, affording thus new tetracyclic products with an elevated degree of molecular diversity
Padgaonkar, Amol. "Discovery, Biological and Structural Characterization of ON108600, a Novel Kinase Inhibitor in Triple Negative Breast Cancer." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/269327.
Full textPh.D.
Selective killing of tumor cells requires the identification of drug targets critical to pathways that drive or support cancer progression. Protein kinases are an important class of intracellular enzymes involved in the regulation of biochemical pathways, deregulation of these kinases has been strongly implicated in cancer progression. To identify possible oncogenic kinases to which tumor cells might be selectively addicted, we screened the ON108 series of ATP-mimetic small molecule inhibitors in various triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and normal cell lines. This approach led us to the identification of a novel kinase inhibitor, ON108600. We first examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of ON108600. ON108600 was found to be a potent inhibitor of Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) and the Dual-Specificity-Tyrosine (Y)-Phosphorylation-Regulated-Kinase (DYRK) family of serine-threonine kinases, both of which have been implicated in cancer progression. ON108600 showed broad-spectrum anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity in multiple TNBC cell lines whilst having little or no effect on normal cells. Treatment of cancer cells with ON108600 resulted in inhibition of downstream signaling mediated by substrates of CK2. Further, ON108600 selectively arrested cancer cells in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle and activated the caspase-signaling cascade. We next performed x-ray crystallographic studies of ON108600-CK2 to determine the structural basis of ON108600-CK2 interaction. The co-crystal structure of ON108600-CK2 revealed that ON108600 binds in the active site pocket of CK2α wherein it mimics the binding of ATP and GTP in the CK2 active site. Notably, ON108600 mimics not only the shape and electrostatics of ATP/GTP, but also their hydration patterns in the CK2 active site pocket. Structural studies further revealed that ON108600 induces a conformational change in the β4-β5 loop of the catalytic subunit, which is known to interact with the β-regulatory subunit of CK2 and is critical for substrate recognition and activation. Lastly, we examined the efficacy of ON108600 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) and its ability to target and eliminate chemo-resistant Tumor-Initiating Stem Cells (TI-SCs) in TNBC. Clonogenic survival and sphere forming ability of purified CD44high CD24-/low TI-SCs from MDAMB-231 and Hs578t cells was potently inhibited by ON108600 treatment. We also observed that paclitaxel-resistant MDAMB-231 cells had increased levels of the CD44high CD24-/low stem cell- like population that correlated with increased expression of kinases CK2α2, DYRK1A and DYRK1B and these cells were sensitive to ON108600 treatment. Significantly, ON108600 showed robust antitumor efficacy as a single agent in a highly aggressive orthotopic TNBC xenograft model showing ~60% tumor growth inhibition. Immunohistochemical analysis of ON108600 treated tumors showed that a significant percentage of cells were apoptotic, indicating that activation of caspase mediated apoptosis contributes to the mechanism of action of ON108600 in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ON108600 is a novel and potent inhibitor of the CK2α1, CK2α2, DYRK1A and DYRK1B kinases. ON108600 binds in the active site pocket of CK2α and mimics ATP-GTP binding. ON108600 inhibits CK2-mediated signaling; arrests cancer cells in mitosis and induces apoptotic cell death via activation of caspases. Importantly, ON108600 is able to effectively kill the CD44high CD24-/low breast-cancer stem cell like population from TNBC cells. Finally, taxol-resistant MDAMB-231 TNBC cells express high levels of CD44, CK2α2, DYRK1a and DYRK1b and are sensitive to ON108600 treatment. Our study represents the first attempt to associate protein kinase CK2, DYRK1A and DYRK1B with TNBC and TI-SCs in TNBC and identifies a novel kinase inhibitor, ON108600 which effectively kills TI-SCs and taxol-resistant cells in TNBC.
Temple University--Theses