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Journal articles on the topic 'Initial coins offering'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kasatkin, S. "The subject of initial coins offering (ICO) legal regulation." Russian Juridical Journal, no. 1 (2021): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34076/20713797_2021_1_176.

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2

Hugo, PrasetyoWinotoatmojo, Gautama Idris, Elidjen, and Meyliana. "Initial Coin Offering (ICO) an Innovation Funding forDigitalpreneur." ITALIENISCH 12, no. 2 (2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6694574.

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ICO (Initial Coin Offering) is a new mechanism for raising funds from the public through websites or social media by Digitalpreneur to fund blockchain-based start-ups by selling blockchain-based tokens or coins. Through ICOs has many advantages over conventional fundraisings, such as lower fundraising costs, faster fundraising times, and large amounts of funds raised. This ICO scheme is a fundraising innovation to meet funding shortfalls for current and future projects. From the research results on 49 ICOs in Indonesia, it is known that Trust, Asymmetry Information, Community Building have a p

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Myalo, A. S. "Comparative Analysis of ICO, DAOICO, IEO and STO. Case Study." Finance: Theory and Practice 23, no. 6 (2019): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-6-6-25.

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The article examines the problem of the ICO (Initial Coin Offering, from English — “initial offer of coins, initial placement of coins”). The information source is the ICO rating data of the return on investment in blockchain startups. The methodological base of the research is a situational comparative analysis of the ICO, DAOICO, IEO and STO and systematization of information. The author analyzes three new ICO models. The first one includes elements of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO). Its aim is to minimize the difficulties and risks associated with the ICO. The second model (In

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Wu, Ke, Spencer Wheatley, and Didier Sornette. "Classification of cryptocurrency coins and tokens by the dynamics of their market capitalizations." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 9 (2018): 180381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180381.

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We empirically verify that the market capitalizations of coins and tokens in the cryptocurrency universe follow power-law distributions with significantly different values for the tail exponent falling between 0.5 and 0.7 for coins, and between 1.0 and 1.3 for tokens. We provide a rationale for this, based on a simple proportional growth with birth and death model previously employed to describe the size distribution of firms, cities, webpages, etc. We empirically validate the model and its main predictions, in terms of proportional growth (Gibrat's Law) of the coins and tokens. Estimating the

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Trầhn Kim Toại, Võ Thị Xuân Hạn, and Võ Min Huân. "Predicting ICO Prices Using Artificial Neural Network and Ridge Regression Algorithm." Journal of Systems Engineering and Information Technology (JOSEIT) 2, no. 1 (2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/joseit.v2i1.5022.

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An Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is a method of raising funds for digital currency projects. Investors purchase these coins at a very low initial price before they are released. These coins are then listed on the trading platform, and their prices may increase rapidly if the currency performs well. After six months of release, ICO evaluation is the expected time for investors to profit. A dataset consisting of 109 ICOs was constructed from reputable websites after data preprocessing. Correlation analysis of 12 inputs revealed issues of multicollinearity, leading to biased regression model result

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Lahajnar, Sebastian, and Alenka Rožanec. "Initial Coin Offering (ICO) evaluation model." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 4 (2018): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(4).2018.14.

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High-tech companies operating in the field of blockchain technology use the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) to raise start-up capital. It is a fairly new, non-standardized and poorly regulated way of collecting start-up funding that can bring high yields to investors in the short term, but investors also have to be ready to take on high risks. The purpose of this article is to define a decision model for the evaluation of ICO projects, which provides a systematic, transparent, methodological approach to making decisions on investing in them. For that purpose, the authors analyzed a number of facto

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7

Gatabazi, Paul, Gaëtan Kabera, Jules Clement Mba, Edson Pindza, and Sileshi Fanta Melesse. "Cryptocurrencies and Tokens Lifetime Analysis from 2009 to 2021." Economies 10, no. 3 (2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10030060.

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The success of Bitcoin has spurred emergence of countless alternative coins with some of them shutting down only few weeks after their inception, thus disappearing with millions of dollars collected from enthusiast investors through initial coin offering (ICO) process. This has led investors from the general population to the institutional ones, to become skeptical in venturing in the cryptocurrency market, adding to its highly volatile characteristic. It is then of vital interest to investigate the life span of available coins and tokens, and to evaluate their level of survivability. This wil

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Jung, Seungki, and Sung Ho Kim. "The analysis of ICO(Initial Coin Offering) regulations." Korea Financial Law Association 15, no. 3 (2018): 135–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15692/kjfl.15.3.5.

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9

Ramanouski, Y. Y. "Comparison of Attracting Investments Through ICO and IPO in International Practice." Digital Transformation 28, no. 2 (2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/2522-9613-2022-28-2-14-22.

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The development of new technologies in the field of finance (fintech) creates new opportunities and ways to carry out economic activity. One of these tools is blockchain and technologies created on its basis. One of the most famous of such tools is the process of issuing and selling digital coins (tokens), called Initial coin offering (ICO). The ICO process is often mistakenly viewed as a simpler and faster alternative to the classic IPO procedure. However, these procedures have more differences than similarities. This article provides a detailed comparison of IPO and ICO in terms of a number

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10

Babkin, Aleksandr, Diana Burkaltseva, Andrej Tyulin, Pulod Azimov, and Oleg Blazhevich. "Initial Coin Offering (ICO) as a Transformation of Financial Institution of Collective Investment." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2020, no. 1 (2020): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202015.

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In conditions of financial institutions' development it is crucial to examine the transformation in the form of a collective investment institution under the influence of digitalization and, in particular, the emergence of cryptocurrencies. The subject of the research refers to the features of ICO functioning as a transformation of a financial institution for collective investment. The goal is to explore the ICO as a new form of collective investment. The results of the research are achieved through a comprehensive comparative analysis of ICO and IPO as a basic tool of financial institutions.

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11

Momtaz, Paul P. "Initial Coin Offerings." PLOS ONE 15, no. 5 (2020): e0233018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233018.

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12

Lee, Han Sol, Sangho Ahn, and Juyoung Kang. "A Study on the Quantitative Evaluation of Initial Coin Offering (ICO) Using Unstructured Data." Korean Institute of Smart Media 11, no. 5 (2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30693/smj.2022.11.5.63.

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Initial public offering (IPO) has a legal framework for investor protection, and because there are various quantitative evaluation factors, objective analysis is possible, and various studies have been conducted. In addition, crowdfunding also has several devices to prevent indiscriminate funding as the legal system for investor protection. On the other hand, the blockchain-based cryptocurrency white paper (ICO), which has recently been in the spotlight, has ambiguous legal means and standards to protect investors and lacks quantitative evaluation methods to evaluate ICOs objectively. Therefor

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13

Klöhn, Lars, Nicolas Parhofer, and Daniel Resas. "Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs)." Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 30, no. 2 (2018): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-2018-0203.

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Zusammenfassung Kein Thema wird derzeit im Kapitalmarktrecht so leidenschaftlich diskutiert wie das der Initial Coin Offerings (auch: Token Sales). Es geht um zwei Grundfragen: Unterfallen diese Transaktionen dem geltenden Kapitalmarktrecht, und sollten sie spezifisch reguliert werden? Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, die erste Frage zu beantworten und Grundlagen für die Diskussion über die zweite Frage zu legen. Dabei erläutert er den ökonomischen Hintergrund ICO-finanzierter Projekte, analysiert deren Potenzial sowie die Gefahren für Anleger und beleuchtet rechtsvergleichend sowohl die Regu

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14

Mohamed, Suleiman Dahir, Mohd Tahir Ismail, and Majid Khan Bin Majahar Ali. "Cryptocurrency Returns Over a Decade: Breaks, Trend Breaks and Outliers." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 71, no. 1 (2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2024-0003.

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This study finds breaks, trend breaks, and outliers in the last decade returns of five cryptocurrencies Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Tether USD, and Ripple that experienced frequent changes. The study uses the indicator saturation (IS) approach to simultaneously identify breaks, trend breaks, and outliers in these returns to gain a deeper understanding in their dynamics. The study found that monthly, weekly and daily breaks existed in these returns as well as trend breaks, and outliers mostly during the market peaks in 2017, 2018, 2020, and 2021 that can be attributed to a number of things, su

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15

Furnari, S. L. "Trough Equity Crowdfunding Evolution and Involution: Initial Coin Offering and Initial Exchange Offering." Lex Russica, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.170.1.101-117.

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This article analyzes two of the last innovative financing instruments of the crowdfunding family: Initial Coin Offering (ICO) and Initial Exchange Offering (IEO). Having both a potential financial nature, they will be addressed as «sons» of Equity-based Crowdfunding (EBCF). The main scope of this paper is to show opportunities and dangers of ICO and IEO through a comparison with EBCF. Indeed, at the end of the analysis it will be possible to understand if ICO and IEO can be considered as positive evolution of EBCF or — at least one of them — can be considered so dangerous to appear as a sort

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16

Hugo, Prasetyo Winotoatmojo, Elidjen, Meyliana, and Gautama Idris. "Factors Influencing Initial Coin Offering (ICO) Growth in Asian Countries: A Systematic Literature Review." ITALIENISCH 12, no. 2 (2022): 64–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6697570.

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Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is a breakthrough in fundraising actions carried out by company owners. It is an innovative type of venture funding through cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, and it is a breakthrough in fundraising actions carried out by start-ups. This fundraising activity exists in a single country, but it has extended to every country in the world. According to the website icobench.com, there were 1289 initial coin offerings (ICOs) in Asia between 2013 and 2021. Many aspects of initial coin offerings (ICOs) remain unknown, giving a great deal of potential for further inve

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17

Wiśniewska, Anna. "THE INITIAL COIN OFFERING – CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting 7, no. 2 (2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/cjfa.2018.011.

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18

SOHN, Kyung-Han, and Ye-Ji KIM. "Legal Issues of Initial Coin Offerings." Ewha Law Journal 23, no. 1 (2018): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32632/elj.2018.23.1.203.

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19

Philippi, Stephan, Monika Schuhmacher, and Nicolai Bastian. "Quality Signals in Initial Coin Offerings." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (2019): 10688. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.10688abstract.

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20

Ibba, Simona, Andrea Pinna, Maria Lunesu, Michele Marchesi, and Roberto Tonelli. "Initial Coin Offerings and Agile Practices." Future Internet 10, no. 11 (2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi10110103.

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An ICO (Initial Coin Offering) is an innovative way to fund projects based on blockchain. The funding is based on the selling of tokens by means of decentralized applications called smart contracts written in Solidity, a programming language specific for Ethereum blockchain. The ICOs work in a volatile context and it is crucial that the team is capable of handling constant changes. The Agile methods, proven practices enabling to develop software in presence of changing requirements, could be a means for managing uncertainty. The main goals of this work are to understand software engineering ac

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21

Drobetz, Wolfgang, Paul P. Momtaz, and Henning Schröder. "Investor Sentiment and Initial Coin Offerings." Journal of Alternative Investments 21, no. 4 (2019): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jai.2019.1.069.

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22

Choi, Youngkeun, Byoungkwan Kim, and Seungyong Lee. "Blockchain ventures and initial coin offerings." International Journal of Technoentrepreneurship 4, no. 1 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijte.2020.10030224.

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23

Choi, Youngkeun, Byoungkwan Kim, and Seungyong Lee. "Blockchain ventures and initial coin offerings." International Journal of Technoentrepreneurship 4, no. 1 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijte.2020.108092.

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24

Huang, Winifred, Michele Meoli, and Silvio Vismara. "The geography of initial coin offerings." Small Business Economics 55, no. 1 (2019): 77–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00135-y.

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25

Lyutyy, I., and A. Karpych. "Initial Coin Offering (ICO): the Case of Ukraine." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Economics, no. 201 (2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2018/201-6/3.

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26

Kim Joon Young, Moon June Ho, and Kim Gye Jeong. "Implications and Issues regarding Initial Coin Offering(ICO)." Korean Journal of Securities Law 19, no. 2 (2018): 199–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.17785/kjsl.2018.19.2.199.

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27

Gan, Rowena Jingxing, Gerry Tsoukalas, and Serguei Netessine. "Financing Inventory Through Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs)." Foundations and Trends® in Technology, Information and Operations Management 14, no. 1–2 (2020): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0200000096-4.

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28

Ueda, Junko. "Initial Coin Offerings and Regulation in Japan." European Business Law Review 31, Issue 1 (2020): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2020005.

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This article examines the regulation of initial coin offerings (ICOs) from the Japanese perspective. An ICO may be provisionally defined as a method of raising capital in exchange for digital “coins” or “tokens” that entitle holders to certain rights. Investors who receive the digital tokens are normally provided with an opportunity for reinvestment by selling them on an exchange. Japanese state actors have been acutely aware of the risks associated with ICOs. However, it took some time before regulatory reforms were adopted aiming at enhancing protection of ICO investors on resale markets. As

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29

Maume, Philipp. "Initial Coin Offerings and EU Prospectus Disclosure." European Business Law Review 31, Issue 2 (2020): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2020008.

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There is a growing consensus among regulators and commentators that some cryptocurrencies (so-called ‘investment tokens’) are securities, provided that they grant their owner rights that are comparable to those of an investor. As a consequence, EU initial disclosure regulation applies, requiring the issuer to draw up a prospectus that contains all the information relevant for an investor to make an informed decision. Issuers of investment tokens are also subject to prospectus liability if the prospectus is flawed or no prospectus was made available at all. However, this conclusion is only the

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30

Brochado, Ana, and Michael Louis Troilo. "Initial coin offerings: an emergent research area." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 23, no. 2 (2021): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-06-2020-0084.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the main insights current literature offers regarding initial coin offerings (ICOs) and the avenues for future research. Design/methodology/approach The approach consists of a systematic literature review of 130 papers from the SCOPUS database published in English between January 2018 and December 2020, with supplemental semantic analysis of the abstracts to obtain key themes and concepts. Findings Regulation and the determinants of ICO success are the main themes for current research and represent fruitful areas of continued scholarship. The re

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31

Zook, Matthew, and Michael H. Grote. "Initial coin offerings: Linking technology and financialization." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 8 (2020): 1560–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x20954440.

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This paper elaborates on the interactions between digital technologies and financial practices and how they contribute to the ongoing process of financialization. We focus on the circumstances of blockchain-based token offerings and their contribution to reshaping existing systems of investment in startups. We show how future clients become investors via the initial coin offering (ICO) process. The paper is based on interviews with blockchain and industry practitioners during 2018 and 2019 and focuses on an in-depth case study of a specific ICO in early 2018. We suggest a framework consisting

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32

Roosenboom, Peter, Tom van der Kolk, and Abe de Jong. "What determines success in initial coin offerings?" Venture Capital 22, no. 2 (2020): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2020.1741127.

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33

Nestarcova, Dominika. "A Critical Appraisal of Initial Coin Offerings." Brill Research Perspectives in International Banking and Securities Law 3, no. 2-3 (2018): 1–171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056936-12340008.

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AbstractInitial Coin Offerings (ICOs) emerged in 2017 as a revolutionary form of raising capital by technology companies and investment vehicles. ICOs enable start-up companies to issue blockchain-based assets (‘digital tokens’) to the public in return for a payment in cryptocurrencies or fiat money. The fundraising objective is to finance technology projects carried out by the ‘ICO issuer’. The ICO funding model represents a financial revolution as it provides additional pools of liquidity for capital formation purposes and a powerful tool for incentivizing communities through network effects

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34

Casper, Matthias. "Regulation of Crowdfunding and Initial Coin Offerings." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 20, no. 1 (2018): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987_02001011.

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35

Momtaz, Paul P. "Token Sales and Initial Coin Offerings: Introduction." Journal of Alternative Investments 21, no. 4 (2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jai.2019.21.4.007.

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36

USHAKOVA, Elizaveta S. "Potential opportunities of using the ICO mechanism to promote investments and ensure macroeconomic stability." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 22, no. 2 (2023): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.22.2.365.

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Subject. The article addresses the actively developing business of the cryptocurrency market and Initial Coin Offering (ICO), and the negative dynamics observed in the investment markets, especially in the direct investment markets. Objectives. The aim is to explore the nature of investments made through ICOs involving coins traded on cryptocurrency exchanges, in the absence of guarantees for investors and the possibility of ensuring the macroeconomic stability of the recipient States of investments, with the participation of government regulation. Methods. The study draws on statistical metho

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37

Karpenko, Oksana A., Tatiana K. Blokhina, and Lali V. Chebukhanova. "The Initial Coin Offering (ICO) Process: Regulation and Risks." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 12 (2021): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120599.

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ICOs are very attractive for investors and issuers. ICOs allow funding raising in exchange for cryptographically secure tokens, which are a means of paying for future projects or services. However, there is insignificant regulation of this process all over the world. Some countries have banned crypto assets; others have allowed the free use of tokens but do not give them official status. In this paper, the authors present an overview of the legal regulation of ICOs in different countries, dividing them into three groups: in the first group are the countries with developed legal norms and rules

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38

Wis, Agnieszka. "Initial coin offering as a funding source for projects." ACC Journal 25, no. 2 (2019): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/004/2019-2-007.

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39

Sharma, Zenu, and Yun Zhu. "Platform building in initial coin offering market: Empirical evidence." Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 61 (June 2020): 101318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2020.101318.

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40

Ade Rizki Saputra. "The Urgency of Initial Coin Offering Regulations in Indonesia." Formosa Journal of Social Sciences (FJSS) 2, no. 3 (2023): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjss.v2i3.6116.

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The purpose of carrying out this research is to find out the urgency of regulation of initial coin offerings or ICOs in Indonesia. This writing uses a normative method with an approach using statutory approaches, comparative approaches, and descriptive approaches. Legal materials used are primary, secondary, and tertiary obtained from literature studies. Then it will be analyzed systematically which is carried out by classifying legal materials to facilitate analysis and construction. In this regard, as well as paying attention to the development of crypto assets at this time, it is important

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41

Cappa, Francesco, and Michele Pinelli. "What determines Initial Coin Offerings return for investors?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (2019): 14518. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.14518abstract.

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42

de Andrés, Pablo, David Arroyo, Ricardo Correia, and Alvaro Rezola. "Challenges of the market for initial coin offerings." International Review of Financial Analysis 79 (January 2022): 101966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101966.

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43

Zickgraf, Peter. "Initial Coin Offerings – Ein Fall für das Kapitalmarktrecht?" Die Aktiengesellschaft 63, no. 9 (2018): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/ag-2018-630903.

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44

Varmaz, Armin, and Nermin Varmaz. "Eine empirische Analyse von Initial Coin Offerings (ICO)." Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 87, no. 3 (2018): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.87.3.129.

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Zusammenfassung: Im Bereich von Blockchain-Unternehmen haben sich Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) als die wichtigste Kapitalbeschaffungsmaßnahme etabliert. Aufgrund weitgehender Ungewissheit über die Anwendbarkeit bestehender Gesetze und der weniger restriktiven staatlichen Einflussnahme erscheint ex ante diese Finanzierung für kapitalsuchende Unternehmen attraktiv, für Investoren jedoch aufgrund induzierter Informationsasymmetrien unattraktiv. In diesem Beitrag werden der Prozess eines ICOs beschrieben und die wichtigsten Unterschiede zu vergleichbaren Finanzierungsformen hervorgehoben. In der

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45

Fisch, Christian. "Initial coin offerings (ICOs) to finance new ventures." Journal of Business Venturing 34, no. 1 (2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.09.007.

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46

Domingo, Ribeiro-Soriano, Juan Piñeiro-Chousa, and M. Ángeles López-Cabarcos. "What factors drive returns on initial coin offerings?" Technological Forecasting and Social Change 153 (April 2020): 119915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119915.

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47

Kasatkin, Sergey. "The legal content of a white paper for an ICO (initial coins offering)." Information & Communications Technology Law, July 5, 2021, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2021.1950382.

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48

Pierrakis, Yannis, and Nishanth Bhimireddy. "Giving coins for free: Does digital outsourcing of technical and advisory support influence the success of initial coin offerings (ICOs)?" Strategic Change, November 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2563.

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AbstractInitial coin offerings (ICOs) have emerged as a novel mechanism for financing entrepreneurial ventures. This relatively new application of blockchain technology allows a venture to raise money directly from the crowd by creating and selling its own coin or utility token in exchange for future use of this coin to purchase the services and products the venture is aiming to create. During the ICO ventures often use digital technologies to outsource services and build social capital. Despite the explosive growth of ICOs, little is known about the impact of these outsourcing strategies on t

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49

Colak, Samuel, and Martijn Jurjen Hoogeveen. "TACXE: a Blockchain Based Token Listing and Exchange Platform." Icecat Research Journal 2018, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7977281.

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There is a need for a distributed exchange platform for crypto coins or tokens that satisfies the requirements of a formalizing regulatory environment, and the technical needs for a very secure and high-speed high-volume transactional platform. TACXE (<strong>T</strong>oken <strong>a</strong>nd <strong>C</strong>oin E<strong>x</strong>chang<strong>e</strong>) is designed to meet these needs and requirements, and is being developed as a mechanism to enable Initial Coin Offering (ICO) tokens to be issued, listed, purchased and sold. Although TACXE has initially a centralized character, it’

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50

Momtaz, Paul P. "Initial Coin Offerings." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3166709.

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