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1
PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "The spatial aspect of the functioning of «autonomous» shadow power." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №2(225)2020 131 (March 24, 2020): 7–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3726236.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the study is theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of shadowing power – the spatial forms of formation of its shadowing, dual structure, long–term trend of dual power. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the existence of a historical trend – the formation of a spatial network under the current conditions of illegitimate clan «autonomous» organization of shadow power in domestic conditions. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to search for forms of spatial organization of the shadowy dual power, to identify patterns of shadowing power mechanisms in Ukraine. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. Basic results of research, their methodological results can be taken to the next conclusions: 1) the megaproblem of studying the functioning of shadowing power mechanisms is the initial shadow contradictions of power, in particular the formation of an «autonomous» dual power of power; 2) one of the principal conclusions of the study is the conclusion that the historical logic of the genesis and development of «autonomous» shadow diarchy, the modern sector of sharp asymmetry in income, institutional undemocratic, parasitic, systemic corruption, internal regulation of internal relations («internal autonomous customary law» forms an organizational network of shadow power adequate to its requirements).
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Initial conditions for the formation of «autonomous» shadow power and its modern danger." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №6(217)2019 136 (August 23, 2019): 17–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3375514.
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The subject of research is the theoretical aspects of one of the pivotal elements of the theory of shadowing of power – features of the formation of its genetic structure, long–term trend of power. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the reasons for the presence of the historical trend – the formation in the present conditions of the illegitimate–clan, «autonomous» organization of shadow power as a kind of libertarian model of development in domestic conditions. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to search for the causes of the shadowing of power, the identification of patterns of shadowing of the power mechanisms in Ukraine through the presence of a trend of tendency for the origin of the form of power. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. Basic results of research, their methodological results can be taken to the next conclusions: 1) the initial mega–problem of studying the functioning of shadowing power mechanisms are the initial shadow dysfunctions of power, in particular, the formation of autonomous power; 2) one of the principal conclusions of the study is the conclusion that the historical logic of the genesis and development of «autonomous» shadow power, the modern sector of sharp asymmetry in income, institutional undemocratic, parasitic, systemic corruption, post–regulatory regulation of internal relations («internal autonomous customary law», which adapts the «external» law of the official state to its requirements) – this is a heightening of the systemic threat of the aggravation of contradictions between the government and society.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V. A. "The principle of deconstruction in the study of the development of organized informal shadow centers of power in Ukraine." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №5(228)2020 132 (July 9, 2020): 7–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3937188.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the research is the theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of shadowing power – the causes and factors of its formation shadowing, dual structure, long–term trend of dual power based on the development of organized informal shadow centers of power. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the reasons for the existence of a historical trend – the formation under the current conditions of illegitimate clan «autonomous» (informal) organization of shadow power. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. Results of work. The article substantiates the need to search for the causes of the shadowy dual power, to identify patterns of development of non–systemic power mechanisms in Ukraine due to the presence of a shadowing trend of the origin of the form of power. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be summarized as follows: 1) The mega–problem of studying the functioning of informal shadowing power mechanisms is the initial shadow contradictions of power, in particular the formation of «autonomous dual power» power; 2) the main historical features of domestic society define it as a «small» clan society that exists together with the dominant imperial, has an unfinished nature of modernization, local, informal, non– institutional shadow nature of social organization.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "The expansion of external shadow management of national economic processes by global shadow formations." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №4(227)2020 113 (June 9, 2020): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3886584.
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The subject of the study are the theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of power shadowing – the expansion of the external shadow management of national economic space, an algorithm for the formation of its shadowing, dual structure, connection with mechanisms of «dual power». The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the presence of a historical trend – the expansion of external shadow management of the national economic space in the modern conditions of illegitimate clan «autonomous» organization of shadow power in the domestic conditions.. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. мегатініResults of the work. In article necessity of counteraction to powerful influence of external shadow management on internal processes of shadowing dual power, revealing of the general laws of external shadowing of power mechanisms in Ukraine is proved. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. Basic results of research, their methodological results can be taken to the next conclusions: 1) the megaproblem of studying the functioning of shadow power mechanisms is the initial shadow contradictions of power, in particular the formation of «autonomous dual power» of power in combination with a system of powerful external shadow management; 2) one of the principal conclusions of the study is the conclusion that the historical logic of the genesis and development of the «autonomous» shadow «dual power», together with external shadow governance, actively contribute to the destruction of national statehood, the effectiveness of power, impoverishment of the general population of Ukraine, deindustrialization of the country, its increasing depopulation, adverb they conditioned accelerated downgrading of all social processes.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Unfinished modernization of the state authority system: dangers of strengthening attractors of tenization influences of External management." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №7-8(230-231)2020 145 (November 4, 2020): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4244199.
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The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of shadowing power – expanding external shadow management of the national economic space, means of incomplete modernization (under–reform) of power, the algorithm for the formation of its shadow, dual structure, connection with the mechanisms of «dual power» of power. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the presence of a historical trend – the expansion of the external shadow management of the national economic space in modern conditions by means of incomplete modernization of power. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. In article necessity of counteraction to powerful influence of external shadow management on internal processes of shadowing dual power, revealing of the general laws of external shadowing of power mechanisms in Ukraine is proved. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. Basic results of research, their methodological results can be taken to the next conclusions: 1) the megaproblem of studying the functioning of shadow power mechanisms is the initial shadow contradictions of power, in particular the formation of «autonomous dual power» of power in combination with a system of powerful external shadow management; 2) one of the principal conclusions of the study is the conclusion that the historical logic of the genesis and development of the «autonomous» shadow «dual power», together with external shadow governance, actively contribute to the destruction of national statehood, the effectiveness of power, impoverishment of the general population of Ukraine, deindustrialization of the country, its increasing depopulation, adverb they conditioned accelerated downgrading of all social processes.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Hybrid power («dual power»): a shadow effect means of parallel reality." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №9(2209)2019 119 (November 3, 2019): 7–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526623.
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The subject of study is the theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of shadowing power – the identification of the essence and peculiarities of formation, accentuation, closest connection with the use of means of shadow parallel reality. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the reasons for the existence of a historical form – «dual power» – the formation under the current conditions of illegitimate clan «autonomous» organization of shadow power as a form of realization of the shadow capabilities of parallel reality. Methods of research. The work used a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of research on the historical conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to search for the causes of the shadowing of power, the identification of patterns of shadowing of the power mechanisms in Ukraine through the Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of power. Conclusions. Basic results of research, their methodological results can be taken to the next conclusions: 1) 1) the initial mega–problem of studying the functioning of the shadowing power mechanisms is the initial shadow dysfunctions of power, in particular the historical features of the formation of «autonomous» power; 2) one of the fundamental conclusions of the study is the conclusion that the historical logic of Genesis and the development of «autonomous» shadow power – the modern sector of sharp asymmetry in income, institutional undemocracy, parasitism, systemic corruption, systematic use of the means of formation of shadow parallel reality in power regulation of internal relations («intra–autonomous, narrow–law customary law», which adapts to its requirements the «external» law of an official state) is a high level of systemic threats of exacerbation of contradictions between government and society.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Factors of external shadow «dual power» as global threat to national security." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №10(233)2020 148 (January 4, 2021): 7–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4415345.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of shadowing of power – the expansion of external shadow management of the national economic space, the algorithm for forming its shadowing, dual structure, the connection with the mechanisms of «dual power» of power. The purpose of the study is to determining the content of the forms and consequences of the expansion of external shadow management of the national economic space under modern conditions by means of shadow «dual power». Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. In article necessity of counteraction to powerful influence of external shadow management on internal processes of shadowing dual power, revealing of the general laws of external shadowing of power mechanisms in Ukraine is proved. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. Basic results of research, their methodological results can be taken to the next conclusions: 1) the megaproblem of studying the functioning of shadow power mechanisms is the initial shadow contradictions of power, in particular the formation of «autonomous dual power» of power in combination with a system of powerful external shadow management; 2) one of the main conclusions of the study is that the historical logic of the genesis and development of «autonomous» shadow «dual power» of power, together with external shadow management, most actively contribute to the destruction of national statehood, efficiency, strengthening the exploitation of broad sections of Ukraine, deindustrialization of the country, its growing depopulation, ie they led to an accelerated downgrade of all social processes.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "«Autonomous» shadow dualty: genesis and development factors." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №7-8(218-219)2019 149 (September 19, 2019): 7–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446575.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of research is the theoretical aspects of one of the pivotal elements of the theory of power shadowing – the causes and factors of the formation of its shadow, dual structure, long–term trend of the dual power of power. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the reasons for the presence of the historical trend – the formation in the present conditions of the illegitimate–clan, «autonomous» organization of shadow power as a kind of libertarian model of development in domestic conditions. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to search for the causes of tenizational dual power, to identify patterns of shadowing of power mechanisms in Ukraine through the presence of a tenizational trend of the origin of the form of power. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. Basic results of research, their methodological results can be taken to the next conclusions: 1) the megaproblem of studying the functioning of shadowing power mechanisms is the initial shadow contradictions of power, in particular the formation of an «autonomous» dual power of power; 2) one of the principal conclusions of the study is the conclusion that the historical logic of the genesis and development of «autonomous» shadow diarchy, the modern sector of sharp asymmetry in income, institutional undemocratic, parasitic, systemic corruption, internal regulation of internal relations («internal autonomous customary law», which adapts the «external» law of the official state to its requirements) – this is an intensification of the systemic threat of the aggravation of contradictions between the government and society.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Methodological approaches to the structurization of the system of shadow power." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №9(232)2020 144 (November 24, 2020): 7–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4288581.
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The subject of the work is the theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of shadowing of power – the study of its structure as a complex of internal, stable shadow connections between subsystems and elements of a holistic shadow system of power. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the concept of «shadow power structure» as a complex of shadow metasubsystems, subsystems, elements and components of power and their properties, the interaction between which and the external environment forms a system of shadow power as a new integrative non–transparent integrity. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study on the initial conditions for the formation of the structure of the shadow government. Results of work. The article substantiates the need to counteract the powerful influence of the shadow power structure, limit and localize public sources of the emergence and implementation of the goals of the shadow power, identify general patterns of development of the shadow structure of power mechanisms in Ukraine. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be summarized as follows: 1) mega–problem of studying the functioning of shadow power mechanisms, their structures are the initial shadow contradictions of power, in particular the formation of «autonomous shadow dual power» in combination 2) one of the main conclusions of the study is the conclusion that the historical logic of the genesis and development of the structure of the shadow «dual power», together with external shadow management, most actively contribute to the destruction of national statehood, government efficiency, impoverishment and even destruction country, its growing depopulation, that is, they led to an accelerated downgrade of all social processes.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Social efficiency of shadow «autonomous» power: british experience of strategic action formation." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №9 (244)2021 122 (November 16, 2021): 7–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5704493.
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The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects of one of the important elements of the theory of de–shadowing of power – power relations to limit the shadow clan influence on the effectiveness of elite power, its consolidation through the introduction of strategic action (based on British experience). The purpose of the study is to determine the content of methods to limit the shadow clan influence on the effectiveness of elite power in the system of shadow «autonomous» state, the introduction in Ukraine of a modern model of power with the subject of strategic action. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to counteract the influence of elite, clan, shadow power in the form of shadow «autonomous» power on the internal processes of shadowing dual power, limiting their destructive influence by means of transition to a model of power with a consolidated subject of strategic action. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be reduced to the following main conclusions about the Great Britain experience in building an effective system of government: 1) elite Great Britain power, which operates in the form of shadow «autonomous» power, based on aristocratic clan roots; in domestic conditions the new elite shadow power is deprived of aristocratic roots of clans, is based, for the most part, on criminal experience of development of clans, criminogenic forms of activity; 2) Britain managed to ensure the consolidation of the interests of the ruling members through the formation of the subject of strategic action, which contributed to the extraordinary increase in the effectiveness of the power of the empire; 3) consolidation has ensured the effectiveness of government in the long run; 4) the formation of a consolidated subject of power allowed to overcome certain special interests of the constituent entities in terms of their dominance in the power structure.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Vertical structure of shadow power." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №6(241)2021 109 (September 22, 2021): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5521102.
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The subject of the work is the theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of shadowing of power – the study of its vertical structure as a complex of internal, stable, dynamic, shadow connections between subsystems and elements of a holistic shadow system of power. The purpose of the study is to define the content of the concept of «vertical structure of shadow power» as a complex of dependent shadow metasystems, subsystems, elements and components of power and their properties, the dynamic interaction between which and the external and internal environment forms the shadow power system as a new integrative non–transparent integrity. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study on the initial conditions for the formation of the structure of the shadow government. Results of work. The article substantiates the need to counteract the strong influence of the shadow vertical structure of power, limit and localize risks and dangers from the sources and emergence of the goals of the shadow power, identify general patterns of development of the vertical structure of shadowing power mechanisms in Ukraine. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the object of study and the means of their localization and limitation. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be summarized as follows: 1) a megaproblem of studying the functioning of shadow power mechanisms, their vertical structure are the initial shadow contradictions of power, in particular the formation of «autonomous shadow dual power» in combination with a system of powerful external supranational and neo–imperialist shadow government; 2) one of the main conclusions of the study is the conclusion that the historical logic of the genesis and development of the vertical structure of the shadow «dual power», together with external shadow rule, most actively contribute to the destruction of national statehood, power efficiency, impoverishment and even social and physical destruction. population of Ukraine, the deindustrialization of the country, its growing depopulation, ie led to an accelerated downgrade of all social processes.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "The ambivalence of power: historical contradictions of supernational interelitite shadow interactions." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №1(236)2021 102 (April 22, 2021): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709271.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the research is theoretical aspects of development of historical contradictions in the system of power by means of shadow political and economic intelligence in the structure of informal elite supranational relations, its importance in the system of state security policy, neutralization of unfavorable political, economic background of interstate relations by secret informal means. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of historical contradictions in the system of ambivalent power in connection with the use of supranational interethnic shadow interactions and their socio–economic consequences. Methods of research. The paper uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study on the initial conditions for the formation of shadow elite financial intelligence activities. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need for further study of an important element of external shadow management – informal shadow elite supranational intelligence ties, their impact on the official spectrum of state policy, the need to develop this segment of informal supranational shadow communications by appropriate national security. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences of national security on the problems of dysfunctional development of the object of study. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be summarized as follows: 1) the megaproblem of the study is the conclusion of the existence of initial shadow contradictions in the development of interethnic national interactions, including the existence of strong informal connections of shadow intelligence of the establishment of different countries and their financial elite; 2) attention should be paid to the extremely powerful potential of the influence of these shadow interethnic national communications on the official political sphere and their ability to solve many principles of important problems of power; 3) in the system of national security it is necessary to pursue a flexible, effective policy to encourage the development of the national positive segment of these ties, all kinds of restrictions on the anti–state, their destructive segment.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Special business and power structures in the mechanism of shadow power of the soviet era." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №5(240)2021 104 (August 11, 2021): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5179884.
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The subject of research is the theoretical aspects of the mechanisms of shadow business and political intelligence in the structure of informal elite supranational relations, its importance in the system of state policy in the field of security of a totalitarian state by secret informal means. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of informal processes in the national security structure, as an important segment of the elite shadow power business and intelligence activities. Methods of research. The paper uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study on the initial conditions for the formation of shadow elite financial intelligence activities. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need for further study of an important element of external shadow management – informal elite cross–border intelligence, their impact on the official spectrum of state policy, the need to develop this segment of intelligence by appropriate national security, taking into account the latest conditions. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences of national security on the problems of dysfunctional development of the object of study. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be summarized as follows: 1) the megaproblem of the study is the conclusion about the existence of the initial shadow contradictions of development, in particular the existence of strong informal connections of the shadow intelligence nature of the establishment of the establishment of different countries of their business and political elite; 2) attention should be paid to the extremely strong potential of the influence of these ties on the official political sphere and their ability to solve many fundamentally important problems of the state; 3) it is necessary to pursue a flexible, effective policy to encourage the development of a positive national segment of these ties, all kinds of restrictions on the anti–state, destructive segment in the evolution of the shadow government.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Transition to the effective system factor of formation of the ruling class as the basis of detinization of power: the experience of China." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №2(237)2021 111 (May 26, 2021): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4807925.
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The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of de– shadowing of power – social relations on the formation and functioning of an effective bureaucracy, the need to move to an effective systemic factor of its formation and development. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the historical trend – the expansion of external shadow management of the national economic space in modern conditions of illegitimate clan «autonomous» organization of shadow power in the domestic environment. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to move to an effective bureaucracy in the de–shadowing policy of the state as a basis for de–shadowing power, creating the necessary conditions to ensure its formation and development (based on the experience of China); its deApplication of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. Basic results of research, their methodological results can be taken to the next conclusions: 1) the formation and development of an effective bureaucracy is a necessary and sufficient condition for the process of de–shadowing of power; 2) for the formation of an effective bureaucracy it is necessary to have a systemic basis for its formation and functioning; 3) the experience of China shows the existence of such a systemic basis in the form of political meritocracy; 4) the functioning of the meritocratic system should not be limited to the formation of a system for selecting candidates for the ruling class, but should also apply to the principles of meritocracy for the functioning of the entire system of the ruling class.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Relationship between the concepts of «deep state» and «shadow «autonomous» power»." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №12(247)2021 144 (February 15, 2022): 7–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6089827.
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The subject of the research is the theoretical aspects of one of the core concepts of the theory of shadowing of power – «shadow «autonomous» power», its research by comparative analysis compared to the westernized concept of «deep state», identification of the methodological advantages of the first in relation to the analysis of the neo–imperialist shadowing influence on the system of power in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to determine the advantages of the content and methodological possibilities of the concept of «shadow «autonomous» power» in the system of research of shadowing modes of power, its organic system compatibility with other concepts of epistemology of shadow parasociety in Ukraine. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, comparative, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study on the initial methodological advantages of the concept of «shadow «autonomous» power». uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical,logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research regarding the initial conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to use the epistemologically more effective concept of «shadow «autonomous» power», especially for the study of shadow processes in transformational countries with a high level of deviation of systems of power relations. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the object of study, in particular criminology. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results can be reduced to the following conclusions: 1) the concept of «shadow «autonomous» power» is an epistemological reflection of the contradictions of the processes of incomplete modernization of transformational society; 2) the content of the category «shadow «autonomous» power» is power, extremely closed clan relations for a limited circle of power clan of persons provided with oligarchic, plutocratic, corrupt connections; 3) the application of the concept of «shadow «autonomous» power» provides the ability to facilitate the promotion of comprehensive, systematic research on the problems of shadowing power.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Shadow financial intelligence entities in the structure informal elite processes." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №11(234)2020 151 (January 28, 2021): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475435.
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The subject research is the theoretical aspects of foreign governance and mechanisms of shadow political and economic intelligence in the structure of informal elite supranational relations, its importance in the system of state security policy, neutralization of unfavorable political, ideological, economic, propaganda background of interstate relations by secret informal means. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of informal processes in the national security structure, as an important segment of the elite shadow power financial and intelligence activities. Methods of research. The paper uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study on the initial conditions for the formation of shadow elite financial intelligence activities. безпосеResults of the work. The article substantiates the need for further study of an important element of external shadow management – informal elite cross–country intelligence, their impact on the official spectrum of state policy, the need to develop this segment of intelligence by appropriate means of national security. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences of national security on the problems of dysfunctional development of the object of study. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be summarized as follows: 1) the megaproblem of the study is the conclusion about the existence of initial shadow contradictions of development, in particular the existence of strong informal connections of shadow intelligence of the establishment of different countries and their financial elite; 2) attention should be paid to the exceptionally strong potential of the influence of these ties on the official political sphere and their ability to solve many principles of important problems of the state; 3) it is necessary to pursue a flexible, effective policy to encourage the development of a positive national segment of these ties, all kinds of restrictions on the anti–state, their destructive segment.
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Bragina, Elena A. "India-2021: Middle class in pandemic conditions." Asia and Africa Today, no. 10 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750016839-4.
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The article analyzes the conditions for the formation of the middle class in India. Shown is its important balancing role in the politics and economy of the country. The nature of the definition of "middle class", its special significance in developing countries is considered. Due to the difference in the applied criterion - the initial unit of account (employee, family, population group), due to the weakness of statistical services, the results of sociological studies, statistical estimates of the size of the middle class are often approximate. The work shows that the official and infor-mal (shadow) parts of the middle class coexist in the economies of developing countries in parallel. The pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of the Indian middle class is taken into account. The article examines the national characteristics of the formation of the middle class inherent in India. Due to the unclear definition of the criteria, the inconsistency of its assessments, the insufficient level of work of statistical organizations, information on the size of the middle class is inaccurate (according to various estimates, about 210-360 million people). Attention is paid to the formation of the rural middle class in India, rural residents make up a significant part of it (estimated at 48-66%).The forecast of the recovery of the Indian middle class ispresented. It is assumed that its quantitative growth, which was observed before the pandemic, and a gradual increase in influence will continue and will allow in the future. The topic is relevant, in demand by the Russian reader.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Comparative analysis of institutional factors of effective elite power functioning in domestic and western structures." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №11(246)2021 122 (January 27, 2022): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5909595.
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The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects of one of the important elements of the theory of shadowing of power – power relations on the peculiarities of the functioning of modern effective shadow elites, in particular, their methods of comparative analysis compared to Western and domestic clan power systems, limiting the negative clan influence factors of quasi–modernization and localization of excessive shadow influence on the government. The purpose of the study is a comparative determination of factors that increase the efficiency of the shadow elite under domestic conditions, the positive experience of the relevant functioning of the Western shadow elites. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study on the initial conditions for the formation of modern shadow domestic and western elites. Results of the work. The article substantiates the factors that determine the peculiarities of the functioning of domestic and western shadow elites, which cause significant differences in achieving social efficiency, in particular the activities of the state. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the object of study, in particular criminology. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical developments should be reduced to the following conclusions: 1) the elite system of power is divided into the official public and, to a large extent, the shadow component; this state has, to some extent, an objective character; it is necessary to ensure functioning in the mode of increase of the social and economic efficiency (for a society, for the state); 2) systemic, modern institutional factors of functioning of the domestic elite possess a large volume of deviation, criminogenic properties; 3) attention should be paid to the strategic advantages that determine the peculiarities of the functioning of Western (shadow) elites, which should be taken into account in the further modernization of the functioning of domestic elites; 4) modernization of factors of activity of domestic elites should be built taking into account features and character of incomplete modernization of a domestic society and, in particular, elites
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Тренькин, А. А., К. И. Алмазова, А. Н. Белоногов та ін. "Влияние предыонизации на микроканальную структуру искрового разряда в воздухе в промежутке острие-плоскость". Журнал технической физики 92, № 1 (2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2022.01.51851.237-21.
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The initial phase of a spark discharge in the gap between the pin (cathode) and a plane 1.5 mm long in atmospheric pressure air under conditions of preliminary photoionization by an auxiliary discharge was investigated by the method of shadow photography. In the absence of preionization, the discharge from the first nanoseconds after breakdown is an aggregate of a large number of micron-diameter channels. It was found that the electron concentration resulting from preionization, estimated at 108 109 cm-3, increases the degree of uniformity of the discharge channel in the near-cathode region; however, in the near-anode region, the channel remains microstructured. Within the framework of the mechanism of microstructure formation due to the instability of the ionization wave front, a criterion for the formation of a uniform discharge is obtained and an explanation of the results obtained is presented.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Extrative tinization institutionality of power as a manifestation of anti–modernization development trends." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №2(249)2022 193 (June 3, 2022): 7–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6609850.
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The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects of one of the important elements of the theory of shadowing of power – power relations, forming a sharp asymmetry, restrictions on transparency and admission of a wide range of subjects to public administration, ie the presence of extractive shadowing institutions of power. conditions. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature and factors of influence, the functioning of extractive shadow institutions of power in modern conditions. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study on the initial conditions for the formation of modern shadow domestic and western elites. Results of the work. The article substantiates the conclusions about the existence of extractive shadowing institutions of power, which cause a high degree of shadowing of power relations in Ukraine; factors that ensure their intensive operation in modern conditions. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the object of study, in particular criminology. Conclusions. The main results of the work, its theoretical developments should be reduced to the following conclusions: 1) the dysfunction of the institutional structure of the state is the cause of the shadowing of power; 2) the extractive institutionalization of power most actively overshadows, limits the activities of the vast majority of government entities; 3) the main and most dangerous manifestations of the extractive–shadowing institutional sector are manifested in the sphere of government; 4) closed, limited in the space of integration of the «clan–autonomous» sector with other social sectors is a manifestation of the extractive–shadowing institutionality of its segment.
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PREDBORSKI, V.A. "The initial and central category of the theory of power shadowing." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №6 (205) 127 (August 20, 2018): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1400628.
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The article examines the essence of the initial and central category of the theory of power shadowing in domestic conditions, the reasons for their formation and the contemporary effects of development.
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Lukianenko, Iryna. "Shadow economy growth in Ukraine as a negative factor of its development." University Economic Bulletin, no. 39 (December 20, 2018): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2018-39-101-113.
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The subject of the study is a set of theoretical and methodological foundations, as well as econometric tools for substantiating the representation of the shadow economy as a negative factor for the development of the Ukrainian economy. The purpose of the study is to empirically analyze the peculiarities of the impact of the main factors and risks on the level of the shadow sector in Ukraine and other countries in the world, as well as to determine the strategic directions for further reducing of shadow part of Ukrainian economy with the use of the developed econometric toolkit. Such general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis as methods of comparative analysis, generalization, systematization, and grouping of data, methods of graphic and scenario analysis, as well as econometric tools, in particular methods and models of panel (longitudinal) data wereused in the process of research. Results. A significant amount of the shadow sector in Ukraine poses additional threats to the effective functioning of the economy and its economic development, especially in conditions of political and economic instability. The conducted statistical and empirical analysis confirmed the hypothesis that during a deep economic crisis, the shadow economy may not only be a consequence but also a cause of a growing fall in gross domestic product and, in turn, can aggravate a crisis that is also characteristic of the Ukrainian economy. Even though in recent years there has been a tendency of reducing the shadow level of the Ukrainian economy, it is still a considerable amount, which threatens the financial and economic security of the state and requires the formation of a scientifically grounded strategy for its lowering. The current situation requires not only an adequate definition of the sources of the shadow economy, mechanisms and development, the relationship with the formal economy but also the definition of the main factors affecting its level, as well as quantitative assessment of such impact using economic and mathematical methods of research. The empirical analysis of the impact of the main financial and economic indicators on the level of the shadow economy on the basis of panel data tools for a sample of more than 31 countries of the world allowed to identify not only the main macroeconomic factors affecting the shadow economy, taking into account the specifics of each individual state, but also significantly increase the number of observations and thus increase the accuracy of calculations in the conditions of limited information in a time dimension. Besides, the presentation of countries of different groups in the sample allows, for example, to measure how the country's entry into the European Union affects the level of the shadow economy and whether it affects it overall. According to the modeling results, the clustering of the countries was carried out depending on the level of the shadow sector and the initial conditions for the tendency to shadow. The hypothesis is that the shadow economy of Ukraine exists and even develops in favorable terms that are accompanied by low rates of social and economic development, the imperfection of the legislative and the judicial system, the complexity of opening and doing business, a rather high level of tax rates and a significant spread of corruption. Moreover, a scenario analysis based on the developed model showed that, in the wake of the economic crisis, the shadow economy of Ukraine would tend to increase, which will further deepen the economic downturn in the country in the medium term. Accordingly, the definition of strategic directions for lowering the part of the shadow economy in Ukraine becomes one of the priority tasks of its economic policy. The results of the study can be used by public authorities to form economic policies and strategic directions aimed at ensuring a gradual reduction of the shadow economy in Ukraine, enhancing its financial security and economic development. Conclusions. The presence of the shadow sector is characteristic for almost all countries in the world, but under current conditions of economic development, a significant part of shadow economy becomes an obstacle to the development of a robust corporate sector, the establishment of a functioning market economy and economic growth. The statistical and empirical comparative analysis of the factors influencing the level of shadowing of the economy of different countries confirms the fact that due to imperfect economic, social and legal reforms, many of them still have a high level of the shadow economy, including Ukraine, which negatively affects the level of its economic development. Moreover, according to the optimistic scenario based on the developed econometric model of panel data, the positive dynamics of the gradual reduction of the level of shadow economy to 30.2% of the country's GDP in 2022 were obtained. Despite that fact, according to more realistic assumptions, the growth of the shadow sector is somewhat probable to the level that far exceeds its current value. Accordingly, the definition of strategic directions for further reducing of shadow part of the Ukrainian economy is one of the critical tasks of its economic policy. At the same time, as statistical and empirical studies have shown, the effectiveness of the policy of deterrence should increase as a result of the implementation of elaborate measures aimed, in particular, at reducing the impact of factors that increase the level of the shadow economy in the country; increase of expenses from attraction to shadow activity and riskiness for its participants; raising public awareness about the harmful effects of shadow economy; growth of personal income and living standards of the population, etc.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A., та T.O. BACHINSKY. "Introduction of an effective strategic action enterprise еxpert sphere". Market Relations Development in Ukraine №3(250)2022 145, № 7 (2022): 21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6678007.
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The subject of the research is the theoretical aspects of one of the important elements of the theory of de–shadowing of power – power relations to ensure the institutional complementarity of power in the formation of an effective subject of strategic action in the expert field. The purpose of the study is to study the existing experience of building successful countries in the implementation of an effective consolidated entity of strategic action on the basis of institutional complementarity of its components. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study on the initial conditions for the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to limit the deviation processes in powe інby means of a strategy of modernization of the existing model of power based on the introduction of institutional complementarity in the formation of an integrated subject of strategic action. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the object of study. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be summarized as follows: 1) the authorities of developed countries have managed to limit the negative impact of the shadow government by building a consolidated entity of strategic action; 2) an important negative factor in the action of the integrated subject of strategic action is the loss of control by the authorities over one of its segments; 3) the formation of a consolidated subject of strategic action should be carried out on the basis of institutional complementarity on the part of its components; 4) ensuring the development of the model of export–oriented economy with significant innovation potential should be carried out in the field of domestic defense–industrial complex.
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Tsilibary, E. C., and A. S. Charonis. "The role of the main noncollagenous domain (NC1) in type IV collagen self-assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 103, no. 6 (1986): 2467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.103.6.2467.
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Type IV collagen incubated at elevated temperatures in physiologic buffers self-associates (a) via its carboxy-terminal (NC1) domain, (b) via its amino-terminal (7S) domain, and (c) laterally; and it forms a network. When examined with the technique of rotary shadowing, isolated domain NC1 was found to bind along the length of type IV collagen to four distinct sites located at intervals of approximately 100 nm each. The same 100-nm distance was observed in domain NC1 of intact type IV collagen bound along the length of the collagen molecules during initial steps of network formation and in complete networks. The presence of anti-NC1 Fab fragments in type IV collagen solutions inhibited lateral association and network formation in rotary shadow images. During the process of self-association type IV collagen develops turbidity; addition of isolated domain NC1 inhibited the development of turbidity in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings indicate that domain NC1 of type IV collagen plays an important role in the process of self-association and suggest that alterations in the structure of NC1 may be partially responsible for impaired functions of basement membranes in certain pathological conditions.
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Platonov, Vladimir, and Alexander Kislov. "High-Resolution COSMO-CLM Modeling and an Assessment of Mesoscale Features Caused by Coastal Parameters at Near-Shore Arctic Zones (Kara Sea)." Atmosphere 11, no. 10 (2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101062.
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Coastal Arctic regions are characterized by severe mesoscale weather events that include extreme wind speeds, and the rugged shore conditions, islands, and mountain ranges contribute to mesoscale event formation. High-resolution atmospheric modeling is a suitable tool to reproduce and estimate some of these events, and so the regional non-hydrostatic climate atmospheric model COSMO-CLM (Consortium for Small-scale Modeling developed within the framework of the international science group CLM-Community) was used to reproduce mesoscale circulation in the Arctic coast zone under various surface conditions. Mid-term experiments were run over the Arctic domain, especially over the Kara Sea region, using the downscaling approach, with ≈12 km and ≈3 km horizontal grid sizes. The best model configuration was determined using standard verification methods; however, the model run verification process raised questions over its quality and aptness based on the high level of small-scale coastline diversity and associated relief properties. Modeling case studies for high wind speeds were used to study hydrodynamic mesoscale circulation reproduction, and we found that although the model could not describe the associated wind dynamic features at all scales using ≈3 km resolution, it could simulate different scales of island wind shadow effects, tip jets, downslope winds, vortex chains, and so on, quite realistically. This initial success indicated that further research could reveal more about the detailed properties of mesoscale circulations and extreme winds by applying finer resolution modeling.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Genetic matrix of a clan, nonlegitimo–autonomous, informal organization of power as a basis of the domestic tenization trends." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №5(216)2019 130 (July 11, 2019): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3332634.
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The subject of research is the theoretical aspects of one of the core elements of the theory of shadowing power – the features of its genetic organizational structure. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of the reasons for the presence of an organizational historical trend – the formation in modern conditions of an illegitimate–clan, informal organization of power. Methods of research. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including system, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to provide a conceptual unity of research. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need to search for the causes of the shadowing of power, the identification of patterns of shadowing of the power mechanisms in Ukraine through the presence of a trend of tendency for the origin of the form of power. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of the field of public administration, тіньоa wide range of methodological aspects of social and economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of the research object, the investment aspect of the security policy. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their methodological results can be reduced to the following conclusions: 1) the initial mega-problem of studying the shadowing organizational mechanisms of the functioning of a social system is the problem of shadow dysfunctions of power, power organization; 2) one of the principal conclusions of the study is the conclusion that the historical logic of the genesis and development of the “autonomous shadow state” as a manifestation of the modern form of informal organization regression, the sector of sharp asymmetry in income, institutional undemocracy, parasitism, systemic corruption, internal regulation of internal relations (“internal autonomous customary law”, which adapts the “external” law of the official state to its requirements) is an enhancement of the systemic thunderstorms aggravated contradictions between the government and society.
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Paulov, P., and Yu. Kozlova. "Public procurement system in Turkey." Bulletin of Science and Practice 4, no. 12 (2018): 447–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2273500.
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The article discusses the organization of public procurement in the Republic of Turkey and the criteria for the effectiveness of public procurement. The main function of public authority is the provision of socially important goods and services to the population. Implementing this function, the government acts in the interests of the population and uses the resources of budgets of certain levels. The main way to implement and implement the service functions of public authority is the formation and placement of state and municipal orders. Formation and placement are carried out publicly, in accordance with legally established procedures. The Turkish economy has gone from the initial stage of development, the markets for goods and services have long been formed. In each sphere and industry, their own peculiarities arose, and, with their consideration, companies entrenched there. Perhaps because of this, entry into the market of new companies is difficult. These problems can be considered insignificant, as the market economy in Turkey is already built. In the Republic of Turkey, participation in tenders for the supply of goods for state needs is regulated by the Federal Law “On tenders for state needs”. Special requirements and conditions for small and medium-sized businesses are not specified in the law; therefore, the rights and obligations of local participants in public procurement do not differ. The main problem of the Turkish economy in the field of public procurement is the low level of transparency. In the Turkish economy, the shadow sector occupied a significant part all the time, and corruption was thriving in the highest circles. Financial transparency makes a better investment climate and at the same time is important for the EU as an indicator of sustainability and predictability. But the European approach to solving this problem is unlikely to be effective in Turkey. By creating new bureaucracies, one cannot fight corruption.
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Kuzminska, Olha, and Maxym Oliynyk. "Organizational provisions of financial monitoring of exchange transactions of business entities in Ukraine." Economy and Entrepreneurship, no. 52 (June 4, 2024): 140–49. https://doi.org/10.33111/ee.2024.52.kuzminskao_oliynykm.
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The article examines the issue of organizational measures to prevent and counteract the use of promissory notes by business entities to legalize illegal income, finance terrorism, and finance the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The main directions of using promissory notes in non-transparent schemes related to money laundering have been determined. As a settlement tool for money laundering, promissory notes are used in shady activities to create fictitious debt as a basis for issuing a promissory note. The use of promissory notes as debt money and specific securities in shadow circulation can be traced to tax evasion schemes, non-transparent formation of authorized capital, fictitious insurance, transfer of assets outside the borders of Ukraine. The criteria for the risks of legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained income from bill transactions have been specified. Grounded signs of suspicion regarding the client’s promissory note transactions subject to initial financial monitoring: the client uses promissory notes as a means of settlement; the client regularly carries out financial transactions with promissory notes (if the client does not have a professional capital market participant’s license and on the condition that the client is not the issuer or recipient of funds under these promissory notes); the presence of unclear (non-standard) conditions in the client’s credit agreements, which increase suspicions about the riskiness of the financial transaction. The use of research results in the preparation of internal documents by the subjects of primary financial monitoring, whose clients carry out financial transactions using promissory notes, will contribute to the prevention of the use of the legal financial system for money laundering, financing terrorism, financing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction based on a risk-oriented approach.
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Красівський, Орест, and Вікторія Товт. "Features and problems of customs control in the context of European integration." Public administration aspects 9, no. 1 (2021): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/152110.
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The article considers the stages of formation of customs business and initial training integration processes of Ukraine in the European Union in the field of cross-border cooperation, settlement of border relations, development of a custom policy which is capable to ensure effective contacts of the parties etc. Also the article considers the definition of customs control in current legislation and done by scientists.
 Investigated the main offenses during the implementation of customs control, which underestimate the effectiveness of this procedure and make it ineffective to perform their functions. The main problems of methodological inefficiency are given during ensuring the activities of customs authorities in the exercise of their powers, which has a negative influence on the quality, reliability and efficiency of their implementation tasks.
 Carried out an analysis of the staffing of customs authorities, namely their qualifications, the quality of the organization of working conditions, the peculiarities of business trips and their payment, wages and others problems that hinder the effective work of regulatory authorities. Revealed the main tasks related to the formation of a new personnel policy in the customs authorities through improving of professional level of training of employees, organization of cooperation between regulatory authorities and educational institutions and providing the necessary methodological, practical and educational literature of persons who teach courses or undergo advanced training, etc.
 Proposed ways of improving public administration by customs control in Ukraine in order to prevent such common offenses as proliferation of schemes illicit trafficking in goods and smuggling, withdrawal from the shadow of trade in goods that imported from abroad. Emphasized on necessity to eliminate the problem of effectively coordination of the activities of customs control bodies, and also the problem of acceleration of control procedures, registration, control and others formalities at the border through the coordination of the Ukrainian legal framework with international standards. The analysis of the main problems of the previous customs is carried out control and suggested ways to solve them.
 Argued areas for improving public administration by the customs control of Ukraine, which will help to detect offenses in research area more effectively, develop methods and approaches to their elimination and minimization and also to indemnify for damages incurred in the process of violating the law.
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Gumeniuk, Oleksandr. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DAMAGE OF TOMATO PLANTS BY LATE BLIGHT USING THE METHOD OF INDUCTION OF CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 4 (35) (December 24, 2024): 142–53. https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2024-4-12.
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The article is devoted to the study of the issue of diagnosing the damage to the assimilation surface of tomatoes by late blight based on a detailed analysis of the activity of the plant photosystem from the standpoint of the approach to the pathogen as a stress factor in the implementation of photochemical variants of the plant signaling system. The article focuses on the peculiarities of the development of major tomato diseases in view of the specificity of plant growth and physiological processes in closed ground conditions with increasing risks of the intensity of infection and the formation of favorable conditions for the development of the pathogen due to positive gradients of temperature, humidity and ventilation of the agrocenosis. The results of a two-year cycle of research on the use of a portable fluorometer “Floratest” of Ukrainian production to find the relationship between the phenomenon of chlorophyll fluorescence and the degree of damage to the leaf apparatus of tomato plants by measuring the intensity of the process on undisturbed (undetached) leaves after their shadow adaptation for 10 minutes with graphical recording of the results at a second-by-second fixation of the process in a 90-second interval are presented. A graded system of comparison of measurements was used with the selection of leaves of different degrees of damage from 0% damage (baseline control) to 60% damage (the maximum damage of late blight for closed ground conditions). According to the results of the averaged two-year records, a reliable sensitivity of the method for assessing the degree of stress response of the tomato leaf apparatus at the initial stages of infection with the late blight pathogen at the milestone papameter record for 3% level of damage was established in comparison with the obtained chlorophyll fluorescence curves on Kautsky curves, which were used as an absolute reference control in the experiment. Application of the basic parameters of the chlorophyll fluorescence curve (initial fluorescence (F0), plateau zone fluorescence (Fpl), maximum fluorescence Fm and steady-state fluorescence Fst) made it possible to determine the gradient response of the tomato plant photosystem to the intensification of pathogen development in the accounting scale of damage and to obtain index curves of chlorophyll fluorescence for each accounting gradation of damage. Based on the results of the evaluation of derivative indicators of chlorophyll fluorescence analysis in accordance with the provisions of the European protocol for its application, the main trends in the reaction of the assimilation system to the penetration and development of the late blight pathogen were determined. It was noted that the main effective physiological photochemical processes of the tomato leaf apparatus decreased due to an increase in the degree of damage by 1% with an average gradient of 1.35% per 1% of leaf damage with a general increase in the degree of quenching of the plant photosystem by 1.29%.
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В.В., Кузнецов, та Шароватова Т.И. "Трансформация научных подходов к обеспечению продовольственной безопасности". Учет и статистика 21, № 4 (2024): 12–20. https://doi.org/10.54220/6890.2024.43.46.002.
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Введение. Продовольственная безопасность выступает стратегической задачей государства, направленной на повышение качества жизни населения и стабилизацию социально-экономической ситуации в стране, о чем свидетельствует большое количество публикаций по заявленной проблеме. Вопросами продовольственной безопасности и повышения благосостояния населения уделено больше внимание в отечественной аграрной экономической науке начиная с 90-х годов XX века. Однако многие теоретико-методические аспекты в условиях современной геополитической и геоэкономической ситуации в мире обостряют теневую сторону продовольственной безопасности. Материалы и методы. Объектом проведенного исследования послужили основные положения двух версий Доктрины продовольственной безопасности РФ, а основой исследования выступили научные труды отечественных ученых по рассматриваемой проблеме, при этом применялись приемы следующих методов: абстрактно-логического, конструктивного, монографического, сравнительного анализа и др. Результаты исследования. Исследования показали, что значимая роль в обеспечении эффективного функционирования продовольственной сферы страны принадлежит Доктрине продовольственной безопасности РФ, первоначальный вариант которой был принят в 2010 году и утвержден Указом Президента РФ 30 января этого же года. Доктрина определила главный вектор агропродовольственной политики, обеспечивающий расчет нормативных ограничений (пороговых значений) продовольственной безопасности, конкретизировала значимые характеристики и критерии развития сельского хозяйства страны. В условиях санкционного режима и давления со стороны стран Запада наблюдается обнажение теневой стороны продовольственной безопасности, а именно: существенная зависимость от импорта семян и технологий, дефицит кадров в АПК, что обусловило формирование последующей редакции Доктрины продовольственной безопасности РФ. В статье представлены основные отличительные особенности содержания обеих доктрин. Обсуждение и заключения. В статье обосновано, что при нестабильной политической и экономической обстановке в мире происходит трансформация ключевых подходов к определению продовольственной безопасности. Introduction. Food security is a strategic task of the state aimed at improving the quality of life of the population and stabilizing the socio-economic situation in the country, as evidenced by a large number of publications on the stated problem. The issues of food security and improving the welfare of the population have been given more attention in domestic agricultural economics since the 90s of the 20th century. However, many theoretical and methodological aspects in the context of the current geopolitical and geo-economic situation in the world exacerbate the shadow side of food security. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the main provisions of two versions of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, and the basis of the study was the scientific works of domestic scientists on the problem under consideration, while using the techniques of the following methods: abstract-logical, constructive, monographic, comparative analysis Results. Research has shown that a significant role in ensuring the effective functioning of the country's food sector belongs to the Food Security Doctrine, the initial version of which was adopted in 2010 and approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on January 30 of this year. The doctrine defined the main vector of agri-food policy, which ensures the calculation of regulatory restrictions (thresholds) of food security, specified significant characteristics and criteria for the development of agriculture in the country. Under the conditions of the sanctions regime and pressure from Western countries, there is an exposure of the shadow side of food security, namely: significant dependence on imports of seeds and technologies, a shortage of personnel in the agro-industrial complex, which led to the formation of the subsequent edition of the Food Security Doctrine. The article presents the main distinctive features of the content of both Doctrines. Discussion and conclusions. The article substantiates that, given the unstable political and economic situation in the world, key approaches to determining food security are being transformed.
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Оlena, Slavinska, Bubela Andrey, Chechuha Oleksandr, and Bondarenko Lyudmila. "THE INTENSITY OF WATER REMOVAL FROM SHALLOW DRAINAGE SYSTEMS CONSIDERING THE PROPERTIES OF FILLER MATERIALS." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 1 (105) (2020): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.203551.
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To date, there are virtually no experimental studies of drainage structures. The object of the presented study is a road structure with transverse shallow drainage arranged in wet sections of roads. In order to determine the drainage intensity of the drainage structure, an experiment was performed on a special installation for modeling the road structure depending on the properties of filler materials. Parameters of the installation make it possible to arrange a structure that corresponds to real conditions, that is, the parameters of a road of category III and study the processes of formation of the filtration flow in the drainage trench which is impossible with real objects. The laboratory installation was used to study operating conditions of drainage structures: a layer of crushed stone of 20–40 mm fraction and two types of transverse shallow drains with different filler materials in the trench. In the process of a series of experimental studies, the volume of water drained from the trench and drainage time was measured. According to the study results, based on the methods of mathematical statistics, unified equations of the correlation-regression model concerning the mode of operation of the drainage structure were constructed depending on initial soil moisture in the roadbed. According to the results of experimental studies, one of the main indicators of work of shallow drainage structures which depends on the properties of materials of trenches fillers, that is, the drainage intensity was determined. It was found that in contrast to the structure with a PVC pipe filled with coarse sand, the drainage structure with a crushed stone core in the trench worked in one mode of the formed flow. The work of the structure with the pipe is divided into short-term and long-term modes depending on the drainage intensity. The obtained regression dependences enable forecasting of the amount of water drained by the proposed drainage structures in a certain period for field conditions
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Albernaz, Vinicius Gonzales Peres, Renato Tavares Conceição, Talita Caterine Eising, Isabella De Almeida Fabris, Maria Jaqueline Mamprim, and Sheila Canavese Rahal. "Partial Obstruction of the Small Intestine by a Trichobezoar in a Dog." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45 (June 27, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.85862.
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Background: Bezoars are accumulations of foreign material and indigestible organic substances in the gastrointestinal tract. There are different classifications for bezoars based on its primary composition. The trichobezoars are concretions composed of hair or hair-like fibers and are often associated with trichophagia in humans. The obstruction by a trichobezoar occurring in the stomach, with its tail extending to or beyond the ileocecal valve or jejunum is rare in humans. This condition is called Rapunzel Syndrome. Obstruction by trichobezoar has been reported few times in cats and dogs. This paper aims to describe an uncommon clinical presentation of a young dog with partial obstruction of the small intestine by a trichobezoar.Case: A 2-year-old, 5.5 kg, intact male poodle was referred due to kyphosis and a history of pain in the thoracolumbar region for approximately 10 months. Physical examination revealed that the dog walked without any difficulty or ataxia, but had pain on palpation of the lumbar vertebral column. Thoracolumbar spine radiographies failed to show any sign of disease. Conservative therapy for intervertebral disk disease did not shown any improvement. In addition, the dog showed signs of pain on abdominal palpation and 18-month history of hyporexia, apathy and dark colored diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasonography detected a 5-cm intraluminal intestinal structure at the ileo-jejunal junction, forming an acoustic shadow, with focal thickening of the intestinal wall. Exploratory celiotomy followed by jejunal enterotomy revealed a trichobezoar consisting of undigested hair and textile fibers partially obstructing that segment. The intestinal wall in that region formed a sacculation, so a 5 cm jejunal resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Histopathology of this segment did not show any neoplastic formation. After 20 days of surgical procedure, no clinical sign was reported by the owner, the animal return to normal appetite and back pain was not present. Ultrasonography confirmed normal intestinal flow. At the last follow-up 180 days after surgery, the dog was in excellent condition with no obvious clinical sign related to the disease or surgical procedure.Discussion: The mild chronic signs presented by the animal lead to an initial inaccurate diagnosis, since abdominal pain may seem like a back pain. The ultrasonography was useful to identify the presence of an initially unknow foreign body. However, definitive diagnosis was only possible after exploratory celiotomy, since trichophagia was not reported by the owner. The trichobezoar found in this case cannot be classified as Rapunzel Syndrome, since it is not a gastric trichobezoar with a tail extending up to the small intestine. The occurrence of trichobezoar is usually associated with overgrooming, tumor or end-to-end anastomosis, but none of this conditions was present. The presence of omental adhesion on jejunum wall is suggestive of previous damage, probably caused due to long-term permanence of the trichobezoar in this segment. The intestinal perforation caused by trichobezoar is one of the most common life-threatening complication observed in human patients. A sacculation observed during surgery may have contributed to its formation. The case presented may be considered extremely uncommon, due to the partial obstruction of the intestinal lumen and long-term evolution.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Corporate raid as a form of formation of parallel shadow pseudorality." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №3(238)2021 113 (June 18, 2021): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4980036.
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The subject of research theoretical aspects of one of the systemic factors of shadowing of social relations, first of all power, on the basis of the influence of modern neo–imperialism, which provides its monopoly pressure by means of formation of parallel shadow pseudo–reality. The purpose of the study is to identify the essence of the influence of modern neo–imperialism, its specific factors of neo–imperialist policy through the formation of a parallel shadow pseudo–reality by means of corporate raid. Methods of research. The work used a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of research on the historical conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article identifies methodological approaches to the study of the causes of modern systemic shadowing of social relations in dependent countries, provides confirmation of the hypothesis of the formation of a parallel shadow pseudo–reality by means of corporate raid. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of power. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be reduced to the following conclusions: 1) parallel shadow pseudo–reality in modern conditions is a powerful means of shadow pressure on the societies of dependent countries, their shadowing; 2) the formation of shadow pseudo–reality as a system of means of modern neo–imperialism is a means of total disorientation of the authorities and society in dependent countries; 3) in modern conditions, the characteristic features of the physical and discursive modes of neo–imperialist influence have been significantly expanded. The latter should include a modern corporate raid.
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Tikhonova, S. V. "THE GREAT BUILDINGS OF COMMUNISM IN THE MIRROR OF SOVIET NOSTALGIA." Experience industries Socio-Cultural Research Technologies, no. 3 (2024): 276–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/eiscrt-2024-3(8)-276-301.
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The article examines the evolution of the mythology of the great construction projects of communism in the context of nostalgia for the Soviet. The author shows the specifics of the formation of the mythology of great construction projects in the Soviet media sphere through connection with the basic constructs of the official communist ideology. This mythologem was never able to move into the discourses of historical memory, since the exposure of the cult of personality and mass repressions launched the process of undermining trust in the Soviet mythological pathos of the great construction projects of communism until its complete ideological corrosion during the period of perestroika. However, the specifics of the accumulation of primary scientific data on the history of the economy of forced labor in the USSR pushed into the shadows the real participation in great construction projects not only of the civilian population, but also of Komsomol activists who went en masse to these sites at the call of the Communist Party. The initial conditions of many construction projects were very harsh, and the objects themselves were distinguished not only by their scale, but also by their knowledge intensity, which implied their high technological efficiency. Currently, great Soviet construction projects penetrate into the space of media memory through the digital content of tourists, whomthey attract as a source of unprecedented impressions of exotic sights. The author concludes that in the case of great construction projects, Soviet nostalgia as a cultural movement works with the material, rather than symbolic, dimension of great construction projects, drawing positive connotations to elevate their image within the experience industry.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Parallel shadow pseudoreality as modern powerful form of domination of neoimperialism." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №12(235)2020 181 (February 26, 2021): 34–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4564115.
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The subject of research are theoretical aspects of one of system factors of тінізації of public relations, foremost power, on the basis of influence of modern neoimperialism that provides the pressure facilities of formation of parallel shadow pseudoreality. The purpose of the study is to identify the essence of the influence of modern neo–imperialism, its specific means of non–imperialist politics through the formation of a parallel shadow pseudo–reality. Methods of research. The work used a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of research on the historical conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article identifies methodological approaches to the study of the reasons for the systemic shadowing of social relations in dependent countries, confirming the hypothesis of the formation of a parallel shadow pseudo–reality of neo–imperialism as a means of new domination. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of power. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be reduced to the following conclusions: 1) parallel shadow pseudo–reality in modern conditions is a powerful means of shadow pressure on the societies of dependent countries, their shadowing; 2) the formation of shadow pseudo–reality as a system of means of modern neo–imperialism is a means of total disorientation of the authorities and society in dependent countries; 3) in modern conditions, the characteristic features of the physical and discursive modes of neo–imperialist influence have been significantly expanded.
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Sun, Ruiting, and Ziyan Sun. "The Comparison of Shadow Banking System Between in US & China: Definition, the Formation Way, Reason for Lack of Regulation, the Development, and Shadow Banking System." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 101, no. 1 (2024): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/101/20231664.
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In recent years, shadow banking has been one of the hotspots of attention in the financial field both at home and abroad, and along with the gains, shadow banking also faces many problems, such as risk potential, regulatory challenges, sources of funds, and protection of investors and so on. However, there are differences in the way shadow banking develops according to domestic and foreign national conditions, economic conditions, and development methods. This article analyzes shadow banking in China and the United States, respectively, and the work compares and analyzes the differences between shadow banking in China and the United States and describes the prospect of shadow banking development. Finally, the work also discusses the relationship between shadow banking and the current hotspots and provides an outlook on the development of shadow banking.
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Hung, Min-Hao, Chi-Yao Chang, Kuo-Chuan Lin, Chia-Ling Hung, and Chin-Shan Ho. "The Applications of Landing Strategies in Badminton Footwork Training on a Backhand Side Lateral Jump Smash." Journal of Human Kinetics 73, no. 1 (2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0002.
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AbstractPrevious research in badminton has associated unilateral landings following overhead strokes with the occurrence of knee injuries. Smashing involves tensing the abdomen muscles while swinging the racket rapidly and maintaining one’s balance while performing coordinated movements and steps; this process puts stress on the player’s lower limbs. However, few studies have compared the effects of different stroke training while performing various types of badminton strokes. This study investigated the influence of different stroke training on the smash action of badminton players. Three stroke training conditions were considered: shadow, target striking, and smashing. Sixteen male experienced badminton players were recruited for this study. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used to identify the differences. At the initial contact with the ground, the knee flexion and knee valgus angles under the smash condition were significantly higher than target and shadow conditions. Under the smash condition, hip abduction was significantly higher than under the target and shadow conditions. Moreover, the hip abduction under the target condition was significantly higher than under the shadow condition. At the maximum knee flexion, the hip abduction under the smash and target conditions was significantly higher than under the shadow condition. Regarding the time from the moment of initial contact to the peak of vertical ground reaction force it was shorter under the smash condition than the target and shadow conditions. The vertical ground reaction force was higher under the smash condition than under the target and shadow conditions. The 50 ms impulse was higher under the smash condition than under the target and shadow conditions. The main findings of this study are that under the smash condition, the motion in the frontal plane increased, which produced higher loads on the joints in the lower limbs. Player performed the same footwork under the three conditions, but the landing strategies differed because of unique swing motions and techniques. The condition under which a player hits a shot to a target area can affect the landing. The results of this study suggest that target practice is more effective for improving the landing technique employed during actual shots than shadow practice.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Shadow power in the soviet era: maintenance of neoimperialist interests." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №5(252)2022 124 (September 26, 2022): 5–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7112930.
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The subject of research theoretical aspects of one of the systemic factors of shadowing of social relations, primarily in the form of shadow «autonomous» power, based on the influence of modern neo–imperialism, which provides its pressure by means of parallel shadow pseudo–reality. The purpose of the study is to identify the essence of the influence of modern neo–imperialism on the formation and development of shadow «autonomous» power in the USSR, its specific means of neo–imperialist policy through the formation of parallel shadow pseudo–reality. Methods of research. The work used a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of research on the historical conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article identifies methodological approaches to the study of the causes of systemic shadowing of social relations in dependent countries based on the development of shadow «autonomous» power as a subject of a powerful generation of systemic dependence on neo–imperialism. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family of branches of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of power. Conclusions. The results of the study, their theoretical results should be reduced to the following main conclusions: 1) the system of neo–imperialism in modern conditions is a powerful means of shadow pressure on the societies of dependent countries, their shadowing; 2) the formation of shadow «autonomous» power as a form of modern neo–imperialism is a means of total deformation of power and society in dependent countries; 3) the formation of shadow «autonomous» power in the USSR proved to be the most powerful factor in the further deep rift between the interests of power and society.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "Strategic defects of modern information–psychological operations of Russia as one of the most powerful means of formation of the modern shadow." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №4(251)2022 117 (August 3, 2022): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6956971.
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The subject of research is the theoretical aspects of one of the systemic factors of shadowing of social relations, primarily power, on the basis of information and psychological operations, which provides its pressure by means of the formation of parallel shadow pseudo–reality. The purpose of the study is to identify the essence of the influence of modern neo–imperialism, its specific means of information and psychological operations in the form of the formation of a parallel shadow pseudo–reality. Methods of research. The work used a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural, functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of research on the historical conditions of the formation of shadow power. Results of the work. The article identifies methodological approaches to the study of methods of information and psychological operations as modern means of forming a parallel shadow pseudo– reality of neo–imperialism as a means of modern domination. Application of results. The system of sciences from the family branch of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of dysfunctional development of power, in particular criminology. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be reduced to the following conclusions: 1) parallel shadow pseudo–reality in modern conditions is a powerful means of shadow pressure on the societies of dependent countries, the deformation of the perception of reality; 2) conducting informational and psychological operations as a shadow pseudo–reality – the system of means of modern neo–imperialism is a means of total disorientation of power and society in dependent countries; 3) the formation of a modern subject of strategic action of Russia turns the conduct of special operations into a permanent process of formation of pseudo–realities of power.
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Riazanova, Nataliia. "ENSURING FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF SHADOW BANKING." Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, no. 61 (June 28, 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.61.2021.234596.
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A scientific approach to financial and economic security based on the use of digital financial monitoring technologies in the growth of financial operations of shadow banking, which allows in the transition to a digital economy to reduce threats to financial and economic security by reducing the possibility of anonymous capital management using impersonal electronic transactions , including remote cross-border management of financial assets in offshore areas and low-tax jurisdictions that hide real participants and beneficiaries of financial transactions from state control. It is substantiated that the introduction of various digital technologies in the implementation of financial transactions makes it necessary to prioritize the control of operators that provide non-transparent maneuverability of operations related to shadow banking. This stimulates the growth of uncontrolled assets for official bodies, including the regulator, creating a basis for new risks and threats to the financial stability of the country's economy and requires strengthening the state's function to protect national interests and increase financial and economic security. The possibility and expediency of automated formation of a distributed group of online registers in which each transaction is controlled, confirmed and registered is determined. This creates a reliable history of transactions with automated identification of all participants in financial transactions based on the inclusion of shadow banking operations in distributed databases containing records of all transactions that cannot be changed or forged, which meets the requirements of automation of control activities. Conceptual provisions on protection of national interests of the country and the decision of a problem of criminalization of a society and liquidation of shadow economy on the basis of increase of transparency of financial operations within the limits of the existing dishonest practices realized by structures of shadow banking are formulated. The priority directions of financial and economic security in the conditions of shadow banking on the basis of formation of the cross-border information environment based on a digital transaction platform are defined by building uniform logic of processes of control activity, rules and coordination possibilities at functioning of the system of the control bodies carrying out monitoring and preventive actions. regarding shadow banking.
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Borysova, M. S., O. D. Borysov, Iu A. Karpenko, V. M. Shapoval, and Yu M. Sinyukov. "Tubular Initial Conditions and Ridge Formation." Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/209182.
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The 2D azimuth and rapidity structure of the two-particle correlations in relativistic A+A collisions is altered significantly by the presence of sharp inhomogeneities in superdense matter formed in such processes. The causality constraints enforce one to associate the long-range longitudinal correlations observed in a narrow angular interval, the so-called (soft) ridge, with peculiarities of the initial conditions of collision process. This study's objective is to analyze whether multiform initial tubular structures, undergoing the subsequent hydrodynamic evolution and gradual decoupling, can form the soft ridges. Motivated by the flux-tube scenarios, the initial energy density distribution contains the different numbers of high density tube-like boost-invariant inclusions that form a bumpy structure in the transverse plane. The influence of various structures of such initial conditions in the most central A+A events on the collective evolution of matter, resulting spectra, angular particle correlations andvn-coefficients is studied in the framework of the hydrokinetic model (HKM).
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Quispe, G., J. Pérez, L. Conde, et al. "Low-cost, open-hardware shadow band system for diffuse irradiance measurements." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2538, no. 1 (2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2538/1/012001.
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Abstract In this work, we present the design, implementation, and test of a low-cost, open-hardware shadow band system that enables a pyranometer to measure global and diffuse irradiance. This system was implemented in Lima, Peru, and experimentally tested by contrasting it with a commercial reference system consisting of two pyranometers, one blocked by a shadow ring. The developed shadow band system automatically opens and closes to measure the global and diffuse irradiance consecutively, respectively, without requiring regular, manual adjustments of the shadow ring position as in the reference system. Thus, it potentially saves costs on equipment to characterize de irradiance components. Initial measurements in Lima indicate 100% and at least 23% of diffuse irradiance under cloudy and clear sky conditions, respectively.
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PREDBORSKIJ, V.A. "The shadow parallel parasociety as a subsystem of polystrugs of parallel reality." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №4 (203) 128 (May 24, 2018): 7–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1252243.
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The article deals with the essence of the shadow parallel parasociety as a phenomenon of the information age of human development, deformation distortions of management, the most dangerous, powerful shadow macro formation with the greatest potential of shadow pressure on information processes, macroarrangement of shadow redistribution of property and power.
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Peretto, N., C. Lenfestey, G. A. Fuller, et al. "The initial conditions for stellar protocluster formation." Astronomy & Astrophysics 590 (May 13, 2016): A72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527064.
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Peretto, N., and G. A. Fuller. "The initial conditions of stellar protocluster formation." Astronomy & Astrophysics 505, no. 1 (2009): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200912127.
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Datsii, Nadiia, George Abuselidze, Olga Zborovska, Roman Zborovskyy, Dmytro Mishchenko, and Nadiia Karpeko. "Public administration of de-shadowing of the economic system in the conditions of globalization." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337105013.
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The article proposes to consider a complex process of implementation of the state management measures of de-shadowing of the economic system in the conditions of globalization. The stages of the state policy of de-shadowing of the economic system in the conditions of globalization are substantiated: 1. Construction of the strategy of counteraction to the shadow economy. 2. Organization of legal and legislative bases of the process of counteracting the shadow economy. 3. Implementation of comprehensive measures to reduce the shadow sector. 4. Formation of motives and incentives for work in the legal sector of the economy. 5. Adding the shadow capital to priority sectors of the economy. 6. The growth of the legal sector of the economy. 7. Limiting the scale of the shadow economy. It is noted that the state policy to eliminate the shadowing of the economic system should be based on a systematic approach to the selection of the country's methods of influence on processes, which are implemented in this area, as well as approval and application of the effective instruments to implement the planned measures in practice (direct and indirect). The program of realization of the mechanisms of the state policy of de-shadowing of the economic activity in the conditions of globalization as a dynamic uniform environment is suggested which gives the chance to influence the growth of indicators of the legal sector of economy and unites a complex of operating subsystems.
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Axisa, Matthew, Marija Demicoli, and Luciano Mule’Stagno. "Analysing the Effects of Thin Object Shading on PV Sources: A Dual Approach Combining Outdoor and Laboratory Solar Simulator Experimentation." Energies 17, no. 9 (2024): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17092069.
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The impact of shading has been a prominent subject of discourse within the realm of photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting and is recognized as a significant detriment to the system’s overall efficiency. Nevertheless, prevailing investigations, which predominantly focus on the hard shading originating from building structures and vegetation, singularly address the umbra shadow phenomenon while overlooking the complexity of shadow properties and their varying intensities. In this context, this present research aims to analyze the impact of shading caused by thin objects, wherein shadow formation deviates from a singular-intensity umbra to a blend of umbra and penumbra, exhibiting diverse intensities. In the initial experimental approach, outdoor trials produced statistically significant findings, identifying both the distance and thickness of shading objects as primary determinants influencing the impact of thin object shading on the power output of PV systems. Furthermore, the analysis of the results revealed that under the specified parameters and assumptions, when considering a thin object with a thickness-to-distance ratio of 2.3 mm/225 cm, the resulting power loss of 1.65% is statistically insignificant. Remarkably, laboratory investigations unveiled a notable correlation between penumbra and power loss, contrasting with outdoor experimentation results. The findings highlight the distinction between indoor and outdoor methodologies, stemming from discrepancies in shadow formation characteristics, thereby emphasizing the necessity of acknowledging and comprehending these variations.
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A.A. Tren’kin, K.I. Almazova, A.N. Belonogov, et al. "Influence of preionization on the microchannel structure of a spark discharge in air in a pin-plane gap." Technical Physics 92, no. 1 (2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2022.01.52529.237-21.
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The initial phase of a spark discharge in the gap between the pin(cathode) and a plane 1.5 mm long in atmospheric pressure air underconditions of preliminary photoionization by an auxiliary discharge wasinvestigated by the method of shadow photography. In the absence ofpreionization, the discharge from the first nanoseconds after breakdown isan aggregate of a large number of micron-diameter channels. It was foundthat the electron concentration resulting from preionization, estimated at108-109cm-3, increases the degree of uniformity of the discharge channel inthe near-cathode region; however, in the near-anode region, the channelremains microstructured. Within the framework of the mechanism ofmicrostructure formation due to the instability of the ionization wavefront, a criterion for the formation of a uniform discharge is obtained andan explanation of the results obtained is presented. Keywords: spark discharge, preionization, photoionization, instability of the ionization front, microstructure, shadow photography method\
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Khabib, M. D., and N. A. Abroskina. "Methodological aspects of the problem of measuring shadow activity in the economy." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 7 (September 9, 2021): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-7-159-167.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the problem of measuring shadow activity and its significance for the purposes of macroeconomic analysis and forecasting is emphasized. The importance of forming an adequate methodological base for measuring shadow activity and developing an information support system for its research is substantiated. The existing approaches to the definition of shadow activity and methods of its measurement are analyzed. The possibility of building an information base and obtaining appropriate estimates of shadow activity on the basis of resource and use tables developed at the national level is evaluated. The possibility of using the resource approach as the most objective method of reflecting the volume and components of shadow activity at the sectoral and macro levels is studied. The conditions for the use of the resource approach are determined, taking into account the specifics of the industry features of the formation of output and intermediate consumption indicators. The possibility of constructing dynamic series of indicators constructed using the resource approach for analytical purposes is evaluated.