Academic literature on the topic 'Injection, Molding, Granite, Ceramics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Injection, Molding, Granite, Ceramics"

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Arakida, Yutaka. "Injection molding of metal and ceramics powder." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 26, no. 6 (1987): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.26.473.

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TAKAHASHI, Minoru, and Suguru SUZUKI. "Injection molding of ceramics. (2). Rheological problems during mixing and molding." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 25, no. 11 (1988): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.25.755.

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Wright, Jadith K., Mohan J. Edirisinghe, Jian G. Zhang, and Julian R. G. Evans. "Particle Packing in Ceramic Injection Molding." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 73, no. 9 (September 1990): 2653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb06742.x.

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Kuzmin, Anton M., Vladimir N. Vodyakov, Alexandr V. Kotin, Vyacheslav V. Kuznetsov, and Mariya I. Murneva. "Study of the Influence of the Forming Method on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Thermoplastic Polymeric Materials." Key Engineering Materials 869 (October 2020): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.342.

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This paper presents the results of the study of the effect of polymer materials compression and injection methods of molding on the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting samples. Widely used polymers such as poly-amide, thermoplastic elastomer and polyketone were taken as the objects of study. Granite composites based on polyamide were produced by PolyLab Rheomex RTW 16 twin-screw extruder, then modified with fine powders of schungite, graphite and silicon dioxide. Samples for testing in the form of double-sided blades were obtained by injection molding on a Babyplast 6/10V machine and compression molding on a Gibitre hydraulic press. Elastic-strength tests of the obtained samples were carried out on a tensile testing machine UAI-7000 M.
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Hecht, James L. "Macrocomposites made by injection molding." Polymer Composites 7, no. 3 (June 1986): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750070309.

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Saitoh, Katsuyoshi, Yoshimitsu Kankawa, Kei Ameyama, and Yasunari Kaneko. "Application of Binder Extraction to Ceramics Injection Molding Parts." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 38, no. 5 (1991): 627–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.38.627.

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Yang, Xian Feng, Zhi Peng Xie, and Lin Lin Wang. "Fabrication of Porous Zirconia Ceramics by Injection Molding Method." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 758–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.758.

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An innovative processing route for fabricating porous zirconia ceramics has been developed based on traditional injection molding method. Azodicarbonamide (AC) was used as the foaming agents and mixed with the zirconia powder and conventional binders (polypropylene, ethylene/vinyl acetate, paraffin wax and stearic acid). There were three stages in the foaming course: (1) Small bubbles nucleated when AC decomposed into N2 and CO in the barrel. (2) Viscosity and pressure drop led to the growth of the bubbles when the melt feedstock was injected into the die cavity. (3) The porous structure was kept in the solidified body. The AC content and injection parameters were optimized to control the pore density and size. The porous green body was debinded at the heating-up rate of 0.5 °C /min to 450°C and sintered at 1550°C. Samples with porosity of 40%-50% and pore sizes from 200-250μm were prepared when the addition of AC was 0.3% by weight. The results showed that ceramic injection molding method was also suitable for fabricating the porous ceramics.
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OHSAKA, Shigeru, Hideo TAKAHASHI, Nobuhiro SHINOHARA, Masataro OKUMIYA, Hiroshige ITO, and Keizo UEMATSU. "Microstructure of Alumina Ceramics Made by Injection Molding Process." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 104, no. 1210 (1996): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.104.567.

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Gao, Yan, Kang Ming Huang, Zhen Kun Fan, and Zhi Peng Xie. "Injection Molding of Zirconia Ceramics Using Water-Soluble Binder." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1017–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1017.

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Water-soluble binder based injection molding of submicrometer-sized and stabilized zirconia was reported in this paper. The binder phase is chosen as the mixtures of polyethylene glycol, high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl butyral and stearic acid. Binder removal is accomplished by a two-steped process. The water-soluble constituent is firstly removed by dissolution in the water and the remaining is removed through the followed thermal treatment. The apparent viscosities of different kinds of feedstock were tested. The influences of water-leaching time and temperature on the efficiency of PEG removal were discussed.
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Kryuchkov, Yu N., and V. V. Lashneva. "Injection molding plant for ceramic production." Glass and Ceramics 55, no. 9-10 (September 1998): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02694778.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Injection, Molding, Granite, Ceramics"

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FÃlix, Paulo CÃsar Galdino. "Estudo da Viabilidade TÃcnica da Moldagem por InjeÃÃes a Baixas PressÃes de PÃ Residual de Granito." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2001. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7276.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Durante o processo de extraÃÃo de rochas ornamentais no estado do Cearà (Nordeste do Brasil), uma grande quantidade de material à rejeitada. Deste grande montante, atà esta data, nÃo existe qualquer aproveitamento econÃmico, ele à simplesmente descartado podendo vir a acarretar possÃveis danos ambientais. Este trabalho descreve o uso do pà de granito como um possÃvel componente do processo de moldagem por injeÃÃo de pÃs, em substituiÃÃo a materiais cerÃmicos de custo mais elevado. Inicialmente o pà selecionado foi moÃdo e peneirado. O material resultante foi entÃo caracterizado por difraÃÃo de raios â x e microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura. CaracterÃsticas das partÃculas foram tambÃm determinadas. O material caracterizado foi misturado com um veÃculo orgÃnico de baixa viscosidade composto de cÃra de carnaÃba polietileno de baixa densidade a Ãcido esteÃrico. Estudos reolÃgicos foram realizados a fim de determinar o conteÃdo de pà Ãtimo, compatÃvel com o processo de moldagem por injeÃÃo a baixas pressÃes, apÃs isso a mistura pÃ-ligante foi injetada. Pequenos gria-fios da indÃstria tÃxtil foram produzidos usando 1020. AnÃlises tÃrmicas foram empregadas para determinar uma taxa de aquecimento para a retirada do ligante apropriado. ApÃs a retirada do ligante as peÃas foram sinterizadas a diferentes temperaturas para a determinaÃÃo daquela que apresentasse melhores propriedades. Testes de porosidade, densificaÃÃo e microdureza das peÃas sintetizadas mostraram que o pà de granito tem um grande potencial como substituto de materiais cerÃmicos mais caros.
During the process of extraction of stone in the state of Cearà (Northeast Brazil), a large amount of material is rejected. This large amount, to date, there is no economic use, it is simply discarded and be a possible cause environmental damage. This paper describes the use of granite dust as a possible component of the powder injection molding, replacing ceramic materials more expensive. Initially, the selected powder was ground and sieved. The resulting material was then characterized by XRD - x and scanning electron microscopy. Characteristics of the particles were also determined. Characterized The material was mixed with an organic vehicle of low viscosity consisting of carnauba wax low density polyethylene stearic acid. Rheological studies were performed to determine the content of fine powder, consistent with the process of injection molding at low pressure, after which the powder-binder has been injected. Small-GRIA of textile yarns were produced using 1020. Thermal analyzes were used to determine a rate of heating to remove the suitable binder. After removal of the binder parts were sintered at various temperatures to determine that to produce the best properties. Tests porosity, densification and hardness of the parts synthesized showed that the granite dust has great potential as a replacement for more expensive ceramic material.
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Tomori, Oluwatosin Oyewole. "Machining of ceramic filled epoxy and its impact on injection mold Applications." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16901.

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Andreola, Raquel. "Conformação de molas cerâmicas por moldagem por injeção em baixa pressão." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2007. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/226.

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Neste trabalho foi estudado o processo de moldagem por injeção em baixa pressão (LPIM do inglês: low-pressure injection molding) de pós cerâmicos submicrométricos para a produção de molas cerâmicas. O trabalho compreende a confecção de moldes e pequenas injetoras de laboratório, extração dos ligantes orgânicos utilizados durante a moldagem, a sinterização das peças e alguns ensaios preliminares para avaliar as propriedades mecânicas de molas cerâmicas. A LPIM apresenta muitas vantagens na produção de peças cerâmicas complexas, quando comparada à moldagem por injeção tradicional. Entretanto LPIM apresenta alguns problemas na remoção da mistura de ligantes que são maiores quando se confecciona peças cerâmicas preparadas com pós submicrométricos. Mas, por outro lado, a utilização destes pós permite a obtenção de corpos sinterizados com alta densidade e excelentes propriedades mecânicas. Os pós cerâmicos utilizados foram a alumina (Al2O3) e a zircônia (ZrO2), e o ligante principal utilizado foi a parafina. Moldes tubulares e moldes usinados multipartidos foram desenvolvidos para moldagem por injeção de molas de alumina e uma pequena injetora foi construída para injetar peças de zircônia. Os moldes tubulares mostraram-se pouco adequados. Por outro lado, a utilização do molde de latão multipartido, revestido com PTFE (politetrafluoretileno), melhorou o processo de fabricação de molas cerâmicas, possibilitando a confecção de quantidades maiores e com boa reprodutibilidade. No processo de sinterização das molas cerâmicas as distorções foram evitadas utilizando cilindros cerâmicos como suporte das molas. As molas de alumina e zircônia tiveram suas densidades e durezas medidas e estão de acordo com a literatura. Finalmente, foram feitos alguns ensaios preliminares de compressão com molas cerâmicas de alumina e zircônia para avaliar sua constante de mola e a carga máxima suportada antes da quebra.
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In this work the low-pressure injection molding (LPIM) of submicrometer-sized ceramic powders was studied aiming to produce ceramic springs. The work comprised the production of molds and laboratory equipment for injection molding, the debinding of the organic vehicle used in the molding, the sintering of ceramic parts, and some preliminary experiments to evaluate the mechanical properties of the ceramics springs. The LPIM presents many advantages for complex ceramic parts production, in comparison with traditional high-pressure injection molding. However, LPIM has some difficulties associated to the debinding step, that are even greater for ceramic parts made with submicrometer-sized powders. But, on the other hand, the use of submicrometer-sized powders allows the production of sintered bodies with high density and better mechanical properties. The submicrometer-sized ceramic powders used in this work were alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2), and the main binder was the paraffin. Tubular molds and a multipart machined mold were developed for injection molding of alumina springs, and a little injection machine was build for injection molding of zirconia parts. The tubular molds had a limited performance. On the other hand, the multipart brass mold, coated with PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene), improved the ceramics spring molding process, making it possible to produce ceramic springs in greater quantities with good reproducibility. In the sintering process of the ceramic springs, major distortions of the parts were avoided using ceramic beams to support the springs. The alumina and zirconia ceramic springs had their measured density and hardness in good agreement with literature. Finally, some preliminary compression tests were performed with alumina and zirconia ceramic springs in order to evaluate their spring constant and maximum load before failure.
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Barbieri, Rodrigo Antonio. "Influência da temperatura de sinterização nas propriedades mecânicas de molas de alumina injetadas em baixa pressão." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2011. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/613.

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Neste trabalho foram produzidas molas cerâmicas através do processo de moldagem por injeção em baixa pressão, utilizando-se como matéria-prima alumina submicrométrica, aditivada com ligantes a base de ceras. Dentro do tanque de uma injetora Pelstman, estes materiais foram homogeneizados e resultaram em uma suspensão de baixa viscosidade. Entre os objetivos deste trabalho estão a produção de molas cerâmicas helicoidais com perfil circular, a extração dos ligantes orgânicos utilizados durante a moldagem, a pré-sinterização das molas a 1000°C, o acabamento e a sinterização das molas em diferentes temperaturas e a medida de algumas de suas propriedades. A mudança na temperatura de sinterização é uma maneira simples de alterar as propriedades das molas cerâmicas, sem alterar sua composição ou suas dimensões. Foram produzidos três lotes de molas de alumina, que foram sinterizadas a 1550°C, 1600°C e 1650°C, com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos da temperatura sobre a constante de mola e a tensão de fratura. As molas de alumina sinterizada foram obtidas com densidades variando de 94,0% para 97,5% do limite teórico. As constantes de mola foram medidas desde a temperatura ambiente até 1100°C. Os dados obtidos nos ensaios de fratura sob compressão foram analisados de acordo com a estatística deWeibull e o método da máxima verossimilhança. Com o aumento da temperatura de sinterização, de 1550°C até 1650°C, foi observado que a constante de mola e a resistência característica de Weibull das molas de alumina aumentaram em 15% e 32%, respectivamente. Por outro lado, a temperatura de sinterização não teve muita influência sobre o módulo de Weibull. Isso acontece porque as bolhas internas e os defeitos superficiais introduzidos na fase de conformação das molas cerâmicas, possuem um efeito pronunciado na fratura das molas, mais importante do que a redução da porosidade com o aumento da temperatura de sinterização, e são fundamentais para determinar a resistência à compressão das molas cerâmicas.
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In this work, ceramic coil springs was prepared by low-pressure injection molding using alumina submicrometer-sized powder. The powder are mixed with organic binders in the Pelstman machine tank for several hours resulting in a mixture with low viscosity. This work include the production of helical ceramic springs, thermal debinding, sintering in different temperatures and measure some properties. Sintering temperature was shown to be a simple way to change the spring constant and resistence to compression of ceramics without having a significant impact in the spring´s physical dimensions. Three sets of springs were sintered at different temperatures, from 1550°C to 1650°C, in order to observe the effects on spring constant and fracture stress. Sintered alumina springs were obtained with densities ranging from 94.0% to 97.5% of the theoretical limit. Springs constants were measured from room temperature up to 1100°C. Fracture stress data was analyzed according to Weibull statistics and the maximum likelihood method. Upon increase of sintering temperature from 1550°C to 1650°C, the spring constant and the Weibull characteristic strength of the alumina springs increases by 15% and 32%, respectively. On the other hand, sintering temperature has a negligible influence on Weibull modulus. This is because internal bubbles and surface defects introduced in the production stage of the ceramic springs - more than the reduction in porosity with increasing sintering temperature - are critical in determining the compression resistance of the ceramic springs.
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Lu, Ko-Fu, and 呂各富. "Study of Injection-Molding process For Ceramics." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37103819994166806551.

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碩士
中原大學
機械工程研究所
96
Study of using powder injection molding to produce PZT components is the primary focus in this article. Ceramics powder is injected to the molding immediately to fabricate the ceramics component through parting and sintering. This new approach improves the process of die pressing requires more machining. According to material feature and geometry, final component’s geometric shape, stress distribution, position of the air trap, shrinkage and weld ling line etc. is estimated in advance by using operation mold flow analysis software. Also, an attempt is to use injection molding software to simulate filling process to improve failure in order to accelerate experiment procedure. Through controlling the formula of the binder, injection parameters, sintering parameters and physical properties of PZT can preserve the geometric shape and material properties of the PZT component. According to experimental result, density as an important index can reach the expected target for PZT. It concludes that the proposed powder inject method is able to fabricate the same material properties as the conventional way by using die pressing process.
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Kate, Kunal H. "Models for predicting powder-polymer properties and their use in injection molding simulations of aluminum nitride." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36391.

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Powder injection molding (PIM) is widely used to manufacture complex-shaped ceramic and metal components in high production volumes. In order to design and fabricate PIM components, it is important to know a number of material properties at different powder- polymer compositions. In this thesis, several predictive models for estimating rheological, thermal and mechanical properties as a function of powder-polymer mixtures were evaluated using experimental data obtained from the literature. Based on this survey, models were selected for predicting rheological, thermal and mechanical properties for aluminum nitride-polymer mixtures at various volume fractions of powder using experimental measurements of unfilled and filled polymers. The material properties were estimated for two aluminum nitride powder-polymer mixtures and used in mold-filling simulations. These results will provide new perspectives and design tools for identifying useful material compositions, component geometry attributes, and process parameters while eliminating expensive and time-consuming trial-and-error practices prevalent in PIM.
Graduation date: 2013
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Books on the topic "Injection, Molding, Granite, Ceramics"

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German, Randall M. Injection molding of metals and ceramics. Princeton, N.J., U.S.A: Metal Powder Industries Federation, 1997.

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G, Ford Renée, ed. Ceramic injection moulding. London: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

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German, Randall M. The powder injection molding industry: An industry and market report. State College, PA: Innovative Material Solutions, Inc., 1997.

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Huang, Yong. Novel Colloidal Forming of Ceramics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Billiet, R. L. A practical guide to metal and ceramic injection moulding. New York: Elsevier Advanced Technology, 2003.

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Mutsuddy, B. C., and R. G. Ford. Ceramic Injection Molding (Materials Technology Series). Springer, 1995.

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1946-, German Randall M., Wiesner Helmut, and Cornwall Robert G. 1946-, eds. Powder injection molding technologies: Proceedings of PIM98. State College, PA (649 Belmont Circle, State College 16803): Innovative Material Solutions, 1998.

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Detlef, Löhe, and Hausselt Jürgen, eds. Microengineering of metals and ceramics. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005.

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Brand, Oliver, Jan G. Korvink, Henry Baltes, Gary K. Fedder, and Christofer Hierold. Microengineering of Metals and Ceramics, Part I: Design, Tooling, and Injection Molding. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2008.

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Brand, Oliver, Jan G. Korvink, Henry Baltes, Gary K. Fedder, and Christofer Hierold. Microengineering of Metals and Ceramics, Part I: Design, Tooling, and Injection Molding. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Injection, Molding, Granite, Ceramics"

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Piotter, Volker, Tobias Benzler, Thomas Gietzelt, Robert Ruprecht, and Jürgen Haußelt. "Micro Powder Injection Molding." In Ceramics - Processing, Reliability, Tribology and Wear, 156–60. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607293.ch26.

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Xie, Zhi Peng, Lin Lin Wang, Xian Feng Yang, and Zhen Ting Zhang. "Water Debinding for Zirconia Powder Injection Molding." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 732–35. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.732.

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Yang, Xian Feng, Zhi Peng Xie, and Lin Lin Wang. "Fabrication of Porous Zirconia Ceramics by Injection Molding Method." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 758–61. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.758.

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Evans, J. "8 Interfacial Aspects of Ceramic Injection Molding." In Surface and Colloid Chemistry in Advanced Ceramics Processing, 309–51. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203737842-9.

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Huang, Yong, and Jinlong Yang. "Aqueous Colloidal Injection Molding of Ceramics Based on Gelation." In Novel Colloidal Forming of Ceramics, 1–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12281-1_1.

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Yang, Jinlong, and Yong Huang. "Aqueous Colloidal Injection Molding of Ceramics (CIMC) Based on Gelation." In Novel Colloidal Forming of Ceramics, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1872-0_1.

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Gao, Yan, Kang Ming Huang, Zhen Kun Fan, and Zhi Peng Xie. "Injection Molding of Zirconia Ceramics Using Water-Soluble Binder." In Key Engineering Materials, 1017–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.1017.

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Kosmač, T. "Near-Net-Shaping of Engineering Ceramics: Potentials and Prospects of Aqueous Injection Molding (AIM)." In Engineering Ceramics ’96: Higher Reliability through Processing, 13–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5798-8_2.

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Witzleben, Moritz v., and Tassilo Moritz. "Ceramic Injection Molding." In Encyclopedia of Materials: Technical Ceramics and Glasses, 179–88. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818542-1.00072-2.

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Evans, J. R. G. "Interfacial Aspects of Ceramic Injection Molding." In Surface and Colloid Chemistry in Advanced Ceramics Processing, 309–51. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203737842-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Injection, Molding, Granite, Ceramics"

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Stanimirovic, I., and Z. Stanimirovic. "Piezoelectric ceramics by powder injection molding." In 2010 27th International Conference on Microelectronics (MIEL 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/miel.2010.5490494.

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Atre, Sundar V., Timothy J. Weaver, and Randall M. German. "Injection Molding of Metals and Ceramics." In International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982417.

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Otminski, J. "Injection Molding Different Shaped Ceramics and Understanding Process Variation." In MS&T17. MS&T17, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2017/mst_2017_773_780.

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Otminski, J. "Injection Molding Different Shaped Ceramics and Understanding Process Variation." In MS&T17. MS&T17, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2017mst/2017/mst_2017_773_780.

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Natansohn, S., and A. E. Pasto. "Improved Processing Methods for Silicon Nitride Ceramics." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-316.

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This paper reviews the status of a program1 to develop silicon nitride ceramics of high strength and reliability, with the material performance goals being a tensile strength of 900 MPa at room temperature and 500 MPa at 1370°C, both with a Weibull modulus of 20. The selected process consists of injection molding and hot isostatic pressing of a silicon nitride formulation containing 6 w/o yttria as sintering aid. A comprehensive experimental approach has been adopted which consists of: a. complete characterization and subsequent modification of the starting silicon nitride powder in an attempt to correlate powder characteristics to ceramic properties; b. the design and fabrication of appropriate specimens for tensile strength testing; c. the implementation of alternate powder processing and shaping techniques, including the design of new compounding/molding equipment; and d. the expansion of non-destructive evaluation capabilities.
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6

Onbattuvelli, Valmikanathan P., Sundar V. Atre, Timothy McCabe, and Sachin Laddha. "The Effect of Nanoparticles on the Processing and Properties of Aluminum Nitride by Powder Injection Molding." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50249.

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Aluminum nitride (AlN) exhibits many functional properties that are relevant to applications in electronics, aerospace, defense and automotive industries. However, the successful translation of these properties into final applications lies in the net-shaping of ceramics into fully dense microstructures. Increasing the packing density of the starting powders is one effective route to achieve high sintered density and dimensional precision. The present paper presents an in-depth study on the effects of nanoparticle addition on the powder injection molding process (PIM) of AlN powder-polymer mixtures. In particular, bimodal mixtures of nanoscale and sub-micrometer particles were found to have significantly increased powder packing characteristics (solids loading) in the powder-polymer mixtures. The influence of nanoparticle addition on the multi-step PIM process was examined. The above results provide new perspectives which could impact a wide range of materials, powder processing techniques and applications.
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Suzuki, Ryosuke, Masaaki Matsubara, Takumi Maruyama, Kenji Sakamoto, and Kazuyuki Arakawa. "Experimental Investigation of Manufacturing Possibility of Multilayered Ni-ZrO2 System Functionally Graded Material by Powder Injection Molding." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66233.

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Manufacturing possibility was experimentally investigated for a bulk multilayered Ni-ZrO2 system functionally graded material (FGM) by powder injection molding. Ni-ZrO2 system FGMs with various composition gradients and layer numbers were manufactured from compounds used in powder injection molding methods. Compounds with various chemical compositions were obtained by kneading Ni and ZrO2 powders with a polymeric binder. A compound was filled into a mold and heated to the softening temperature of binder. A compact was obtained by compressing at the softening temperature. Some compacts were stacked in the mold and compressed at the softening temperature again. The multilayered compact was heated to near the melting point of Ni. The FGM with little flaws was obtained for high composition gradient in ZrO2 rich side. However, calculated maximum thermal stress of the FGM was higher than that of the linear composition gradient. The maximum thermal stress was compressive stress and occurred in ZrO2 rich side. The compressive strength of a ceramics is higher than that of the tensile strength. Thus, the thermal compressive stress in ZrO2 rich side would be effective to manufacture a bulk multilayered Ni-ZrO2 system FGM by powder injection molding.
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Bandyopadhyay, G., K. W. French, D. J. Sordelet, and K. D. Moergenthaler. "Fabrication and Development of Axial Silicon Nitride Gas Turbine Rotors." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-047.

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Since 1984, GTE Laboratories Incorporated has performed research to develop net shape fabrication technology for axial silicon nitride rotors for the Daimler-Benz research gas turbine engine. The initial effort was focused on the fabrication of injection-molded profile discs. Subsequently, efforts were shifted to develop injection molding and slip casting technology for the bladed gasifier rotors. This joint activity has demonstrated that the ceramics technology has improved significantly over the last five years, as is evidenced by major improvement in properties and performance of silicon nitride components. The evolution of the ceramics fabrication technology at GTE and the role of improved process and NDE methods on components fabricated in recent years are described in this paper.
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Zafred, Paolo R., Shay L. Harrison, and Jeffrey J. Bolebruch. "Development and Testing of High Purity Alumina Ceramics for SOFC Stack Components." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33316.

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The successful attainment of many of the next generation Siemens SOFC Advanced Module features is dependent on development of key components required to provide fuel and process air to a stack of Delta cells. The overall objectives of this development effort included design and analysis of key stack components, fabrication of low cost net shape castings, characterization of high purity alumina ceramic material, and validation through full scale testing in Single and Multi-Cell Test Articles. The manufacturing process chosen for fabrication of stack components is a unique injection molding process referred to as the Blasch process. The Blasch process is a relatively low cost manufacturing process which allows for the fabrication of complex, close tolerance, near net shapes in a range of high alumina ceramic compositions without the need for expensive secondary machining. The Blasch process allows engineers to design virtually without restrictions related to other forming processes such as slip casting, extrusion, or pressing. The process utilizes nanotechnology to strongly bind together ceramic slurries containing one of a series of proprietary binders that can be activated by utilization of specific time/temperature processing. After casting into engineered molds, the binders in these slurries are caused to precipitate irreversibly and, upon firing, form a particularly thermal shock resistant ceramic bond containing no free silica. Ceramic shapes formed in this process shrink minimally and predictably, during firing, and therefore this is one of the few processes that can be claimed as true net shape manufacturing. Considerable effort went also in the development of a new class of failure tolerant alumina ceramics for SOFC stack components for service in reducing atmosphere at temperatures up to 1000°C. Pressureless infiltration of freeze cast alumina parts with chromium oxide was conducted to improve material’s strength. Strengthening of the porous alumina matrix is postulated to be a combination of both fracture toughness increase and crack size decrease, as a result of the infiltration process. Final results suggest that mechanical properties of infiltrated ceramics are superior to conventional porous freeze cast alumina material. This paper addresses the approach to ceramic castings design for SOFC stack components, the fabrication challenges with respect to shape complexity and the experimental tests performed to validate the material choice.
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McEntire, B. J., R. R. Hengst, W. T. Collins, A. P. Taglialavore, R. L. Yeckley, E. Bright, and M. G. Bingham. "Ceramic Component Processing Development for Advanced Gas-Turbine Engines." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-120.

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Norton/TRW Ceramics (NTC) is performing ceramic component development as part of the DOE-sponsored Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP). NTC’s work is directed at developing manufacturing technologies for rotors, stators, vane-seat platforms and scrolls. The first three components are being produced from a HIPed Si3N4, designated NT154. Scrolls were prepared from a series of siliconized silicon-carbide (Si-SiC) materials designated NT235 and NT230. Efforts during the first three years of this five-year program are reported. Developmental work has been conducted on all aspects of the fabrication process using Taguchi experimental design techniques. Appropriate materials and processing conditions were selected for powder beneficiation, densification and heat-treatment operations. Component forming has been conducted using thermal-plastic-based injection molding (IM), pressure slip-casting (PSC), and Quick-Set™ injection molding. An assessment of material properties for various components from each material and process were made. For NT154, characteristic room-temperature strengths and Weibull Moduli were found to be range between ≈920 MPa to ≈1 GPa and ≈10 to ≈19, respectively. Process-induced inclusions proved to be the dominant strength limiting defect regardless of the chosen forming method. Correction of the lower observed values is being addressed through equipment changes and upgrades. For the NT230 and NT235 Si-SiC, characteristic room-temperature strengths and Weibull Moduli ranged from ≈240 to ≈420 MPa, and 8 to 10, respectively. At 1370°C, strength values for both the HIPed Si3N4 and the Si-SiC materials ranged from ≈480 MPa to ≈620 MPa. The durability of these materials as engine components is currently being evaluated.
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