Academic literature on the topic 'Injection Pressures'

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Journal articles on the topic "Injection Pressures"

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SLAVINSKAS, Stasys, Gvidonas LABECKAS, and Tomas MICKEVIČIUS. "Effect of biodiesel on the development of split injection characteristics." Combustion Engines 177, no. 2 (2019): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-218.

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The paper presents the experimental test results of a common rail injection system operating with biodiesel and the diesel fuel. The three fuel split injection strategies were implemented to investigate the effects made by biodiesel and a fossil diesel fuel on the history of injector inlet pressure and the injection rate. In addition, the three intervals between split injections and the different injection pressures were used to obtain more information about the studied subjects. The obtained results showed that the peak mass injection rates of the main injection phase were slightly higher when using biodiesel than the respective values measured with the normal diesel fuel. Because the first injection phase activated the fuel pressure fluctuations along the high-pressure line and in front of the injector, the time-span between injections has an impact on the injector inlet pressure and thus the fuel injection rate during the second injection phase. Since the nozzle closes little later for biodiesel, the injector inlet pressure also occurred latter in the cycle.
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Li-wei, Chen, Yang Tian-hong, Yang Hong-min, and Wang Li-guo. "Time Characteristics of the Influence Radius by Injecting N2 to Displace Coalbed Methane: A Case Study." Geofluids 2019 (February 7, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4176535.

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Injecting N2 to displace methane is an effective way to enhance coalbed methane drainage, and the influence radius of this process is an important factor in borehole arrangement. To determine reasonable spacing between injection boreholes and discharge boreholes, experimental and theoretical studies were carried out. The change of rule for the influence radius was determined based on the flow rate changes at the discharge boreholes when injecting gas into a coal seam in the field. Based on gas seepage-diffusion theory, a model for injecting N2 to displace coalbed methane was established. Through numerical simulation, the time characteristics of the influence radius were analyzed. The results show the following: Under different gas injection pressure conditions, the influence radius increases exponentially as injection time increases, but the rate of increase of the influence radius decreases gradually. For the same injection time, the higher the injection pressure, the wider the influence radius will be. After obtaining field results, regression analysis was applied to analyze the numerical results of gas injection at different pressures, and then, the quantitative relationship between the injection influence radius r, the injection time t, and the injection pressure p was found. According to the results calculated using this formula at an injection pressure of 0.5 MPa, the optimum spacing between boreholes was determined to be 1.5 m at the Shigang Coal Mine. The analysis of reasonable spacing between injection and extraction boreholes at different injection pressures shows that the reasonable spacing between boreholes was linearly correlated with gas injection pressures. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for the spacing between boreholes in a reasonable arrangement when injecting N2 to displace methane.
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Khalid, Amir, Azwan Sapit, M. N. Anuar, et al. "Analysis of Fuel Injection Parameter on Biodiesel and Diesel Spray Characteristics Using Common Rail System." Advanced Materials Research 974 (June 2014): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.974.362.

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Precise control of fuel injection is essential in modern diesel engines especially in controlling the precise injection quantity, flexible injection timing, flexible rate of injection with multiple injections and high injection pressures. It was known that the fuel-air mixing is mainly influenced by the fuel injection system and injector nozzle characteristics. Thus, mixture formation during ignition process associated with the exhaust emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of spray characteristics on the mixture formation. In this study, common rail injector systems with different model of injector were used to simulate the actual mixture formation inside the engine chamber. The optical visualization system was constructed with a digital video camera in order to investigate the detailed behavior of mixture formation. This method can capture spray penetration length, spray angle, spray evaporation and mixture formation process clearly. The spray characteristic such as the penetration length, spray angle and spray area are increasing when the injection pressure increased. The mixture formation can be improved effectively by increasing the injection pressure.
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Dhanamurugan, A., and R. Subramanian. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine with Various Injection Pressures Using Bael Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1714.

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Fuel injection pressures in diesel engines play an important role to distribute the fuel jet quickly and to form a uniform gas mixture after fuel injection in order to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the effect of injection pressure on a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fueled with diesel, diesel – bael biodiesel blend (B20) and methyl ester of bael (Aegle marmelos) seed oil with injection pressures of 220,230,240 and 250 bar. Increasing the injector opening pressure has been found to increase brake thermal efficiency and reduce CO, HC and smoke emissions significantly. The optimum injection pressure was found to be 240 bar for bael seed biodiesel.
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Tsai, Wen Chang, and Zong Hua Wu. "Use of Taguchi Method to Optimize the Operating Parameters of a High-Pressure Injector Driving Circuit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2795.

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This paper develops a superior injector driving circuit for a 500c.c. motorcycle GDI engine. The POWER MOSFET component is introduced in the design of the three-pulse injector driving circuit. Experiments for the designed electric driving circuit are investigated to verify its feasibility. The experiments of the H.P. injector driving circuit are conducted for the fuel injection quantity of the H.P. injector under 80~100 bar fuel pressure, 1200~2000 μs injection pulse duration and DC 55~65V power supply voltage. PWM control is introduced to the last pulse 3A holding current for fast cut-off response time of the H.P. injector. Next, Taguchi method was used to lead the design of experiments (DOE). The fuel injection quantities were measured in the various control parameters as engine speeds, power supply voltages, injector driving currents, and fuel supply pressures by the designed injector driving circuit. Effect of these control parameters of the high-pressure (H.P.) injector driving circuit on the fuel injection quantity are analyzed in the paper. Taguchi orthogonal array optimizes the operating parameters of the H.P. fuel injecting system. Results show that the three-pulse POWER MOSFET injector driving circuit is capable of operating stably and assure the accurate injection quantity of the H.P. injector.
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Sechenyh, Vitaliy, Daniel J. Duke, Andrew B. Swantek, et al. "Quantitative analysis of dribble volumes and rates using three-dimensional reconstruction of X-ray and diffused back-illumination images of diesel sprays." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 1 (2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419860955.

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Post-injection fuel dribble is known to lead to incomplete atomisation and combustion due to the release of slow-moving, and often surface-bound, liquid fuel after the end of injection. This can have a negative effect on engine emissions, performance and injector durability. To better quantify this phenomenon, we developed an image-processing approach to measure the volume of ligaments produced during the end of injection. We applied our processing approach to an Engine Combustion Network ‘Spray B’ 3-hole injector, using datasets from 220 injections generated by different research groups, to decouple the effect of gas temperature and pressure on the fuel dribble process. High-speed X-ray phase-contrast images obtained at room temperature conditions (297 K) at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, together with diffused back-illumination images captured at a wide range of temperature conditions (293–900 K) by CMT Motores Térmicos were analysed and compared quantitatively. We found a good agreement between image sets obtained by Argonne National Laboratory and CMT Motores Térmicos using different imaging techniques. The maximum dribble volume within the field of view of the imaging system and the mean rate of fuel dribble were considered as characteristic parameters of the fuel dribble process. Analysis showed that the absolute mean dribble rate increases with temperature when injection pressure is higher than 1000 bar and slightly decreases at high injection pressures (>500 bar) when temperature is close to 293 K. Larger maximum volumes of the fuel dribble were observed at lower gas temperatures (∼473 K) and low gas pressures (<30 bar), with a slight dependence on injection pressure.
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Rahatekar, S. S., J. A. Roux, E. Lackey, and J. G. Vaughan. "Multiple Injection Port Simulation for Resin Injection Pultrusion." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 6 (2005): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300602.

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Resin injection pultrusion is a continuous process for manufacturing composite materials. Complete wet-out of the reinforcement fibres in the resin injection chamber is essential for producing good quality pultruded parts. The magnitude of the injection pressure is extremely important to achieve good wet-out of the reinforcement fibres. At high pull speeds, high viscosity, or high fibre volume fractions, the injection pressures required to achieve complete wet-out are very high and are practically very difficult to achieve. This work focuses on reducing the injection pressure needed to achieve complete wet-out by using a multiple injection port system for epoxy/glass rovings and polyester/glass rovings composites. The recommended injection pressures for complete wet-out are predicted for a variety of processing parameters. Darcy's law for flow through porous media is employed for modelling the fibre/resin system of injection pultrusion. The governing equations are solved via the finite volume method to predict the resin pressure field, the resin velocity field, and the location and shape of the resin flow front. Different permeability models1,2 are used to determine the transverse permeability and the longitudinal permeability.
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Gao, J., D. Jiang, Z. Huang, and X. Wang. "Experimental and numerical study of high-pressure-swirl injector sprays in a direct injection gasoline engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 219, no. 8 (2005): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765005x31333.

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The characteristics of free spray of a new type high-pressure-swirl injector in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine under various injection conditions are investigated. The fuel spray with hollow-cone structure, wide spreading, and large spray angle is observed under the injection condition simulating to the GDI engine operation at full load. The study shows that a vortex structure can be clearly observed in the periphery of the spray. Meanwhile, an initial spray slug also appears at the tip of the main spray. Under the injection condition of GDI engine partial load, the structure of fuel spray changes into the more compact and solid-cone shape with decreased spray width. Moreover, the influences of the injection pressures and ambient pressures on the spray characteristics of the injector are studied. Along with the experimental studies, a general numerical model for the swirl spray is developed. Then, the model is implemented into a multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code (KIVA-3V) to theoretically study the pressure-swirl injector sprays. Comparisons between the computed and measured spray characteristics such as spray structure, spray tip penetration, and droplet sizes are made, and good agreement has been achieved between the model prediction and measurement.
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WISŁOCKI, Krzysztof, Ireneusz PIELECHA, Jakub CZAJKA, and Dmitrij MASLENNIKOV. "The qualitative spray analysis of liquid fuel in high-pressure piezoelectric injection system." Combustion Engines 143, no. 4 (2010): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117129.

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The paper presents the methodology and tests results of the influence of the fuel injection pressure and combustion chamber back pressure on the changes of the fuel spray geometrical parameters injection uniformity and its quality during the injection. While evaluating the geometrical fuel spray parameters the spray penetration, speed of propagation were taken into account and while evaluating the quality of the fuel atomization the outflow of the fuel from the injector were considered. The tests reported here were performed for one value of the air back pressure at the various injection pressures. The fuel doses were changed by modifying the duration of the injection. A significant influence of theses parameters on the values of the operating indexes of the injection and atomization processes has been noted.
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Kobori, S., T. Kamimoto, and A. A. Aradi. "A study of ignition delay of diesel fuel sprays." International Journal of Engine Research 1, no. 1 (2000): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1468087001545245.

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Diesel fuel ignition delay times were characterized in a rapid compression machine (RCM) using cylinder ambient gas temperature and pressure measurements as diagnostics. The objective of the study was to investigate the dependency of ignition delay time on: (a) cylinder ambient gas temperature, (b) cylinder ambient gas pressure, (c) injection pressure, (d) injector nozzle orifice diameter, (e) base fuel cetane number and (f) 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN) cetane improver additive. The results presented here show that diesel ignition delay times can be shortened by increasing cylinder gas ambient temperatures and pressures, injection pressures and base fuel cetane number, either through blend components or by addition of cetane improver. Decreasing the injector nozzle orifice diameter also decreases the ignition delay time. It was also found that ignition chemistry is rate controlled by the molar concentration of the cylinder gas oxygen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Injection Pressures"

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Hamidi, A. A. "Optical diagnostics in diesel sprays at elevated ambient pressures." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380547.

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Karimi, Kourosh. "Characterisation of multiple-injection diesel sprays at elevated pressures and temperatures." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2007. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/fb409ae5-a775-4473-bcc6-85f4dae97790.

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This thesis describes work undertaken at the University of Brighton on a rapid compression machine based on a two-stroke diesel engine (Proteus) with an optical head to allow observation of the fuel spray. A long-tube, rate of injection rig was used to measure the injection rate of the fuel injection system. Quantification of cyclic variation and rate of injection were carried out for single and multiple-injection strategy. For multiple-injections, it was found that the injected mass of the first of the split was approximately 19% less than that of the single injection strategy for the same injection duration. The second split reduction was less than 4% in comparison to the single injection strategy. The transient response of the fuel injection equipment was characterised and compared with steady-state behaviour. The characteristics of the Proteus rig in terms of trapped air mass and transient incylinder temperature were investigated and quantified. The effect of in-cylinder temperature, density and pressure, as well as injection pressure on the characteristics of spray formation, for single and multi-hole nozzles were investigated using high speed video cameras. Cycle-to-cycle and hole-to-hole variations for multi-hole nozzles were investigated and attributed to uneven fuel pressure distribution round the needle seat, and subsequent cavitation phenomena. Simultaneous Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and Mie scattering techniques were used to investigate spray formation and vapour propagation for multihole nozzles for single and multiple-injection strategy. The multiple injection work focused on the effect of dwell period between each injection. Two different modes of flow were identified. These are described as 'wake impingement' and 'cavity mode wake effect', resulting in increased tip velocity of the second split spray. The increase in tip velocity depended on dwell period and distance downstream of the nozzle exit. The maximum increase was calculated at 17 m/s. A spray pattern growth for the second of the split injections, the 'exceed type' was identified, resulting from an increase in tip penetration due to air entrainment of the first split and propagation into the cooler vapour phase from the first split. The effect of liquid core length near the nozzle exit was investigated using modified empirical correlations and the evolution of the discharge coefficient obtained from rate of injection measurements. The results showed increased injection pressure and increased in-cylinder gas pressure reduce both break-up length and break-up time. Penetration was modelled using conservation of mass and momentum of the injected fuel mass. The input to the numerical model was the measured transient rate of injection. The model traced the centre-of-mass of the spray and was validated against PLIF data for centre-of-mass. Overall, the same value of modelling parameters gave good agreement for single and split injection strategy.
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Giraldo, Valderrama Jhoan Sebastián. "Macroscopic and microscopic characterization of non-reacting diesel sprays at low and very high injection pressures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/113643.

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En la exploración de nuevos métodos para el mejoramiento de la eficiencia y rendimiento del motor diésel, es claro que un gran esfuerzo debe estar enfocado en el proceso de inyección de combustible. La eficiencia de la combustión y las emisiones, se ven muy afectadas por el proceso de atomización, y se ha demostrado que incrementos en presiones de inyección conllevan un gran potencial para mejorar el ahorro de combustible, producir mejores mezclas de aire y combustible, y por tanto menor generación de emisiones contaminantes. Últimamente, las presiones de inyección han aumentado de alrededor de 50 MPa en los años 70 hasta 250 MPa en los días actuales. Presiones de inyección muy altas (250-300 MPa) o incluso ultra altas (> 300 MPa) vienen siendo materia de investigación con el fin de ser implementadas de manera comercial en un futuro próximo. La estructura y desarrollo del spray diésel pueden ser caracterizados desde un punto de vista microscópico por medio de la medición del tamaño de gotas del spray y sus velocidades. En condiciones no-evaporativas, técnicas como el PDPA (Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) vienen siendo utilizadas para la obtención de perfiles de diámetros y velocidades de gota con una alta resolución temporal. Desde el punto de vista macroscópico, existen parámetros específicos que permiten caracterizar a un chorro diésel, estos son: la penetración de vapor y líquida junto con el ángulo de apertura del chorro. La penetración líquida es un indicador claro de la capacidad de evaporación del combustible utilizado, mientras que la penetración de vapor, por su parte, es indicativo del proceso de mezcla y la probabilidad de colisión con las paredes de la cámara de combustión; factores claves a la hora de la generación de emisiones contaminantes. En esta tesis se estudia la influencia de presiones bajas, medias y muy altas presiones inyección, sobre un amplio espectro de condiciones y diagnósticos experimentales, y desde el punto de vista macroscópico y microscópico. Se realizaron experimentos para tres diferentes inyectores, 2 solenoides y un piezo eléctrico, este último con la capacidad de alcanzar presiones de inyección cercanas a 270 MPa. Las medidas incluyen una caracterización hidráulica, compuesta por tasa de inyección; una visualización de alta velocidad del chorro líquido isotermo; una visualización de alta velocidad del chorro inerte evaporativo, con captura simultánea de las fases líquida y vapor; y finalmente, una caracterización microscópica por medio de la obtención de distribución de tamaño de gotas y sus velocidades. Con respecto a los ensayos microscópicos, se desarrolló una metodología para el aislamiento y alineación de sprays con un error de medición muy bajo de 0,22°. Se llevaron a cabo mediciones de velocidad de gotas, cuyos resultados mostraron buen ajuste con perfiles teóricos de velocidad. De igual manera, una correlación para el tamaño de gota SMD se obtuvo mostrando un alto nivel de ajuste y siendo representativa para todo el rango de presiones de inyección estudiados. En el caso de la caracterización macroscópica del chorro isotermo, se han detectado variaciones macroscópicas en el desarrollo del chorro con propiedades de gas, inclusive en condiciones de motor comunes. Para estimar estos efectos y otros que las presiones de inyección muy altas tendrían sobre la estructura del chorro, se incentivó la aparición de ondas de choque controlando la velocidad del sonido del ambiente. Se usaron tres gases ambientales (SF6 N2 y CO2) con diferentes velocidades de sonido, promoviendo de esta manera chorros supersónicos en determinados casos. Al comparar ensayos con mismas densidades y diferentes gases ambientales, se encontró que todas las tendencias cercanas al estado transónico (0.8 <M <1.2) tenían una mayor penetración y menor ángulo de chorro.<br>En l'exploració de nous mètodes per al millorament de l'eficiència i rendiment del motor dièsel, és clar que un gran esforç s'ha enfocar en el procés d'injecció de combustible. L'eficiència de la combustió i les emissions, es veuen molt afectades pel procés d'atomització, i s'ha demostrat que increments en pressions d'injecció comporten un gran potencial per a millorar l'estalvi de combustible, produir millors mescles d'aire i combustible, i per tant menor generació d'emissions contaminants. Últimament, les pressions d'injecció han augmentat d'al voltant de 50 MPa en els anys 70 fins a 250 MPa en els dies actuals. Pressions d'injecció molt altes (250-300 MPa) o inclús ultra altes (> 300 MPa) vénen sent matèria d'investigació a fi de ser implementades de manera comercial en un futur pròxim. L'estructura i desenrotllament de l'esprai dièsel poden ser caracteritzats des d'un punt de vista microscòpic per mitjà del mesurament de la grandària de gotes de l'esprai i les seues velocitats. En condicions no-evaporatives, tècniques com el PDPA (Phase doppler particle analyzer) vénen sent utilitzades per a l'obtenció de perfils de diàmetres i velocitats de gota amb una alta resolució temporal. Des del punt de vista macroscòpic, hi ha paràmetres específics que permeten caracteritzar a un doll dièsel, estos són: la penetració de vapor i la penetració líquida junt amb l'angle d'obertura del doll. La penetració líquida és un indicador clar de la capacitat d'evaporació del combustible utilitzat, mentres que la penetració de vapor, per la seua banda, és indicatiu del procés de mescla i la probabilitat de col·lisió amb les parets de la cambra de combustió; factors claus a l'hora de la generació d'emissions contaminants. En esta tesi s'estudia la influència de pressions d' injecció baixes, mitges i molt altes, sobre un ampli espectre de condicions i diagnòstics experimentals, i des del punt de vista macroscòpic i microscòpic. Es van realitzar experiments per a tres injectors diferents, 2 solenoides i un piezo elèctric, este últim amb la capacitat d'aconseguir pressions d'injecció pròximes a 270 MPa. Les medides inclouen una caracterització hidràulica, composta per taxa d'injecció; una visualització d'alta velocitat del doll líquid isoterm; una visualització d'alta velocitat del doll inert evaporativo, amb captura simultània de les fases líquida i vapor; i finalment, una caracterització microscòpica per mitjà de l'obtenció de distribució de grandària de gotes i les seues velocitats. Respecte als assajos microscòpics, es va desenrotllar una metodologia per a l'aïllament i alineació d'esprais amb un error de mesurament molt davall de 0,22°. Es van dur a terme mesuraments de velocitat de gotes, els resultats van mostrar bon ajust amb perfils teòrics de velocitat. De la mateixa manera, una correlació per a la grandària de gota SMD es va obtindre mostrant un alt nivell d'ajust i sent representativa per a tot el rang de pressions d'injecció estudiats. En el cas de la caracterització macroscòpica del doll isoterm, s'han detectat variacions macroscòpiques en el desenrotllament del doll amb propietats de gas, inclusivament en condicions de motor comú. Per a estimar estos efectes i altres que altes pressions d'injecció tindrien sobre l'estructura del doll, es va incentivar l'aparició d'ones de xoc controlant la velocitat del so de l'ambient. Es van usar tres gasos ambientals (SF6, N2 i CO2) amb diferents velocitats de so, promovent d'esta manera dolls supersònics en determinats casos. Al comparar assajos amb mateixes densitats i diferents gasos ambientals, es va trobar que totes les tendències pròximes a l'estat transónic (0.8 < M < 1.2) tenien una major penetració i menor angle de doll. Respecte al doll evaporatiu, per a pressions d'injecció molt altes com 270MPa, els efectes dels paràmetres ambientals i d'injecció van romandre iguals respecte a totes les carac<br>In the exploration of new methods for improving the efficiency and performance of the diesel engine, it is clear that a great effort should be focused on the fuel injection process. The efficiency of combustion and emissions are greatly affected by the atomization process, and it is considered that injection pressures increments have a great potential to improve fuel economy, produce better air and fuel mixtures, and thus low generation of polluting emissions. Lately, injection pressures have increased from around 50 MPa in the 70's to 250 MPa in the current days, even very high injection pressures (250-300 MPa) or ultra high pressures (> 300 MPa) have been the subject of the scientific community in order to be implemented in future injection systems. The structure and development of the diesel spray can be characterized from a microscopic point of view by means of estimation of droplets size and velocities. At non-evaporative conditions, techniques such as PDPA (Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) are being used to obtain diameters and velocity profiles a with high temporal resolution. From the macroscopic point of view, there are specific parameters that allow characterizing the diesel spray, these are: the liquid and vapor penetration along with the spray angle. The liquid penetration is a clear indicator of the evaporation capacity of the fuel used, whilst the vapor penetration, on the other hand, is an indicative of the mixing process and the probability of collision with the combustion chamber walls; key factors when generating polluting emissions. In this thesis the influence of low and very high injections pressures over the macro and micro characteristics of the diesel spray is studied, over a wide spectrum of conditions and experimental diagnoses. Experiments were carried out for three different injectors, two solenoids and one piezoelectric, the latter with the capacity to reach injection pressures close to 270MPa. The measurements include a hydraulic characterization; a high speed visualization of the liquid spray at isothermal conditions; a high-speed visualization of the evaporative spray, with simultaneous capture of the liquid and vapor phases; and finally, a microscopic characterization. Regarding the microscopic tests, a methodology was developed for the spray isolation and alignment with a very low measurement error of 0.22° Droplets velocity measurements were carried out, the results showed good adjustment with theoretical velocity profiles. Similarly, a correlation for SMD droplet size was obtained showing a high level of adjustment and being representative for the entire range of injection pressures studied. In the case of the macroscopic characterization of the isothermal spray, variations have been detected in the development of the jet with gas properties, even at common engine injection conditions. To estimate these effects and others that very high injection pressures would have on the spray structure, the apparition of shock waves was enhanced by controlling the speed of sound of the environment using three ambient gases with different speed of sound (SF6, N2 and CO2). When comparing tests with same densities and different ambient gases, it was found that all the tendencies near the transonic state (0.8 <M <1.2) had a higher penetration and lower spray angle. With respect to the evaporative jet, for very high injection pressures like 270MPa, the effects of the environmental and injection parameters remained the same with respect to all the macroscopic characteristics.<br>Giraldo Valderrama, JS. (2018). Macroscopic and microscopic characterization of non-reacting diesel sprays at low and very high injection pressures [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113643<br>TESIS
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Pereira, Manuel Filipe Viana Teotonio. "ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS FOR IN-DIE CAVITY USE, SUITABLE TO WITHSTAND ALUMINIUM HIGH PRESSURE DIE CASTING (HPDC) PROCESS CONDITIONS." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/243.

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Thesis (M. Tech. (Engineering: Mechanical)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013<br>This research examines the suitability of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for manufacturing dies used in aluminium high pressure die casting. The study was guided by the following objectives: • The reviews of applicable literature sources that outline technical and application aspects of AM in plastic injection moulds and the possibilities of applying it to high pressure casting die. • To introduce AM grown die components in die manufacture. Further, to develop a methodology that will allow industry to apply AM technology to die manufacture. • Revolutionise the way die manufacture is done. The potential for AM technologies is to deliver faster die manufacture turnaround time by requiring a drastically reduced amount of high level machining accuracy. It also reduces the number of complex mechanical material removal operations. Fewer critical steps required by suitable AM technology platforms able to grow fully dense metal components on die casting tools able to produce production runs. • Furthermore, promising competitive advantages are anticipated on savings to be attained on the casting processing side. AM technology allows incorporation of features in a die cavity not possible to machine with current machining approaches and technology. One such example is conformal cooling or heating of die cavities. This approach was successfully used in plastic injection mould cavities resulting in savings on both the part quality as well as the reduction on cycle time required to produce it (LaserCUSING®, 2007). AM technology has evolved to a point where as a medium for fast creation of an object, it has surpassed traditional manufacturing processes allowing for rapidly bridging the gap between ideas to part in hand. The suitability of the AM approach in accelerating the die manufacturing process sometime in the near future cannot be dismissed or ignored. The research showed that there is promise for application of the technology in the not too distant future. In the South African context, the current number and affordability of suitable AM platforms is one of the main stumbling blocks in effecting more widespread applied research aimed at introduction of the technology to die manufacture.
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Watson, Cody. "Modeling of pressure transients in fuel injection lines." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16869.

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Marques, Andre Luis Ferreira 1963. "CANDU pressure/calandria tube emergency water injection system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80049.

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Thesis (Nucl.E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, February 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 248-256).<br>by Andre Luis Ferreira Marquis.<br>S.M.<br>Nucl.E.
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Guerrier, Paul Keith. "Hydraulic pressure and flow control of injection moulding." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341581.

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Kheirkhah, Pooyan. "CFD modeling of injection strategies in a high-pressure direct-injection (HPDI) natural gas engine." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52857.

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Direct injection of natural gas in compression-ignition engines offers benefits such as emissions reduction, fuel diversity, and energy security. However, in order to meet the upcoming stringent emissions regulations, further improvements in the performance of the High-Pressure Direct-Injection of Natural Gas (HPDI-NG) is needed. For this reason, different natural gas injection strategies and nozzle designs are numerically studied. The in-cylinder phenomena during the closed portion of the cycle is simulated using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model and the Trajectory-Generated Low Dimensional Manifold (TGLDM) for chemistry coupling. Soot is modeled with a two-equation Hiroyasu model. To partially investigate the effect of LES variability, simulations with successive mesh refinements and infinitesimally varied inputs are carried out. Anticipated emission trends were observed for parametric sweeps with substantial variation of soot about the trend-line. This motivated the analysis of in-cylinder mixture, jet penetration and other more robust metrics. A novel paired-nozzle geometry was designed to increase the fuel-air mixing at the base of the jet, thus reducing soot. In reality, the paired jets increased exhaust PM. The CFD analysis revealed that the gas jet penetration was reduced compared to the baseline single-hole jet, while more air was entrained into the core of the jet. However, the effect of mixing due to impaired penetration dominates and results in more rich mixture and therefore more soot. CFD predicted the PM reduction benefits of “Late Post-Injection” (LPI) due to two major reasons: 1- the reduction in formed PM from the 1st pulse due to shortened pulse width, 2- negligible PM formation from the 2nd pulse for enough pulse separation. A second injection strategy, “Slightly Premixed Combustion” (SPC) also reduced PM in experiments. The CFD package had not been developed for such combustion regime, wherein the diesel-gas kinetic interactions should be resolved; hence perfect matching between the experimental and numerical combustion for SPC was not attained. Nevertheless, by optimizing the injection timing to resemble the phasing of experimental Heat Release Rate (HRR) curve, to the “best extent possible”, more premixing, higher rate of penetration, and less rich-mixture mass was observed.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Mechanical Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Conley, Nancy Ann. "The dynamics of cavity pressure in thermoplastic injection molding /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65924.

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Löffel, Mario Valentin. "Computer assisted high pressure cement injection in spinal interventions /." Bern : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Books on the topic "Injection Pressures"

1

Hargett, David L. Technical assessment of low-pressure pipe wastewater injection systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Geimer, Robert L. Steam-injection pressing of isocyanate-bonded aspen flakeboards: Latitudes and limitations. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Geimer, Robert L. Steam-injection pressing of isocyanate-bonded aspen flakeboards: Latitudes and limitations. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Geimer, Robert L. Steam-injection pressing of isocyanate-bonded aspen flakeboards: Latitudes and limitations. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Geimer, Robert L. Steam-injection pressing of isocyanate-bonded aspen flakeboards: Latitudes and limitations. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Geimer, Robert L. Steam-injection pressing of isocyanate-bonded aspen flakeboards: Latitudes and limitations. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Geimer, Robert L. Steam-injection pressing of isocyanate-bonded aspen flakeboards: Latitudes and limitations. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Christie, Robert F. Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant variation in test intervals for high-pressure coolant injection (HPCI) system. Tennessee Valley Authority, 1985.

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Wong, S. High pressure coolant injection (HPCI) system risk-based inspection guide for Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Station. Division of Systems Safety and Analysis, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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John, D. St. Effect of jet injection angle and number of jets on mixing and emissions from a reacting crossflow at atmospheric pressure. National Aeronautics and Space Administration STI Preogram Office, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Injection Pressures"

1

Matheis, Jan, Hagen Müller, Stefan Hickel, and Michael Pfitzner. "Large-Eddy Simulation of Cryogenic Jet Injection at Supercritical Pressures." In High-Pressure Flows for Propulsion Applications. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624105814.0531.0570.

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Montanaro, Alessandro, and Luigi Allocca. "Effects of Very High Injection Pressures on GDI Spray Structure." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33338-6_24.

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Mohamed Soid, Shahril Nizam, Mohamad Ariff Subri, Muhammad-Najib Abdul-Hamid, Mohd Riduan Ibrahim, and Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad. "Optimization of Palm Oil Diesel Blends Engine Performance Based on Injection Pressures and Timing." In Progress in Engineering Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28505-0_3.

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Fan, Chengkai, Qi Li, Xiaying Li, Zhiyong Niu, and Liang Xu. "Dynamic Optical Fiber Monitoring of Water-Saturated Sandstone During Supercritical CO2 Injection at Different Sequestration Pressures." In Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 3. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2227-3_2.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Injection-Molding Pressure." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6324.

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Kerkstra, Randy, and Steve Brammer. "High Fill Pressure." In Injection Molding Advanced Troubleshooting Guide. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569906460.028.

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Kerkstra, Randy, and Steve Brammer. "High Fill Pressure." In Injection Molding Advanced Troubleshooting Guide, 2nd ed. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569908358.028.

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Wei, David H., and Robert J. Strauch. "High-Pressure Injection Injuries." In Fingertip Injuries. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13227-3_4.

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Makhni, Melvin C., Eric C. Makhni, Eric F. Swart, and Charles S. Day. "High-Pressure Injection Injury." In Orthopedic Emergencies. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31524-9_9.

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Ratliff, A. H. C., J. H. Dixon, P. A. Magnussen, and S. K. Young. "High Pressure Injection Injuries." In Selected References in Orthopaedic Trauma. Springer London, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1695-0_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Injection Pressures"

1

Song, Jingeun, Mingi Choi, Daesik Kim, and Sungwook Park. "Combustion Characteristics of Methane Direct Injection Engine Under Various Injection Timings and Injection Pressures." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9437.

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The performance of a methane direct injection engine was investigated under various fuel injection timings and injection pressures. A single-cylinder optical engine was used to acquire in-cylinder pressure data and flame images. An outward-opening injector was installed at the center of the cylinder head. Experimental results showed that the combustion characteristics were strongly influenced by the end of injection timing rather than the start of injection timing. Late injection enhanced the combustion speed because the short duration between the end of injection and the spark induced strong turbulence. The flame propagation speeds under various injection timings were directly compared using crank-angle-resolved sequential flame images. The injection pressure was not an important factor in the combustion; the three injection pressure cases of 0.5, 0.8, and 1.1 MPa yielded similar combustion trends. In the cases of late injection, the injection timings of which were near the Intake Valve Closing (IVC) timing, the volumetric efficiency was higher (by 4%) than in the earlier injection cases. This result implies that the methane direct injection engine can achieve higher torque by means of the late injection strategy.
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Themel, T., M. Jansons, S. Campbell, and K. T. Rhee. "Diesel Engine Response to High Fuel-Injection Pressures." In International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition. SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982683.

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Michailidis, A. D., R. K. Stobart, and G. P. McTaggart-Cowan. "Fuel-Line Stationary Waves and Variability in CI Combustion During Complex Injection Strategies." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35069.

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This study investigated the effects of increased injection regime complexity on injector and combustion stability in a naturally aspirated single cylinder diesel engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system and an instrumented injector. The injection regimes investigated included a single injection, a main injection with a pilot, and a split-main with a pilot. Injector performance was found to be very stable over all injection regimes and did not contribute to variations in combustion stability. Cylinder pressure variation during the initiation of combustion was identified as a potential method of identifying the start of combustion phasing and compared to current methods. Three series of tests were conducted at various speeds and injection pressures to demonstrate the influence of multi-pulse injection phasing on combustion stability and total fuel consumption. These results demonstrate that the presence of a stationary wave in the high-pressure fuel line, induced by an early injection, can dramatically affect the amount of fuel injected in subsequent injections within the same cycle.
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Nauwerck, A., J. Pfeil, A. Velji, U. Spicher, and B. Richter. "A Basic Experimental Study of Gasoline Direct Injection at Significantly High Injection Pressures." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0098.

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Montanaro, A., L. Allocca, and G. Meccariello. "Gasoline Fuel Sprays Characterization at Very-High Injection Pressures." In 2019 JSAE/SAE Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants. SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-2344.

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Perez, Emma, and Leanne Thomson. "Transient Modeling of Surge Pressures Within Injection Terminal Facilities." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33607.

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Pressure transients in piping systems occur whenever there is a change in fluid velocity. If this change is large enough, the pressure wave produced can exceed the Maximum Operating Pressure (MOP) of the system. Canadian and US regulations allow liquid petroleum systems to exceed the MOP under abnormal operating conditions however these surges cannot exceed 110% of MOP even for short periods of time. As part of meeting these regulations, the authors have applied complex computational modeling tools, developed methodologies, and company standards to identify sources of pressure surges, with the ultimate purpose of providing protection solutions useful for mitigating overpressures in oil injection facilities with low rated piping. These computational models and identification methodologies are based on a) abnormal operating conditions recorded in the past, b) potential worst case scenarios of terminal transients, and c) are particularly sensitive to input data such as piping characteristics, fluid types, and the initial states of the operating system. Our paper discusses the above mentioned transient simulation methodologies and their importance in meeting regulations.
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Carpenter, Andrew L., Robert E. Mayo, Jerald G. Wagner, and Paul E. Yelvington. "High-Pressure Electronic Fuel Injection for Small-Displacement Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1029.

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Small-displacement, single-cylinder, diesel engines employ mechanically actuated fuel injection systems. These mechanically governed systems, while robust and low-cost, lack the ability to fully vary injection parameters, such as timing, pulse duration, and injection pressure. The ability of a particular injection system to vary these injection parameters impacts engine efficiency, power, noise, and emissions. Modern, multi-cylinder automotive engines employ some form of electronically controlled injection to take advantage of the benefits of fully variable injection, including advanced strategies such as multi-pulse injections and rate shaping. Modern diesel electronic fuel injection systems also operate at considerably higher injection pressures than mechanical fuel systems used in small-bore industrial engines. As the cost of electronic fuel systems continues to decrease and the demand for high-efficiency engines increases, electronic fuel injection becomes a more viable option for incorporation into small industrial diesel engines. In particular, this technology may be well-suited for demanding and critical applications such as military power generation. In this study, a small-bore, single-cylinder diesel was retrofit with a custom, four-hole, high-pressure electronic fuel system. Compared to the mechanical injector, the electronic, common-rail injector had a 50% smaller orifice diameter and was designed for a 4x higher injection pressure. The mechanical governor was also replaced with an electronic speed controller. The baseline and modified engines were installed on a dynamometer, and measurements of exhaust emissions, fuel consumption, brake torque, and in-cylinder pressure were made. The electronic injector led to lower smoke opacity and NOx emissions, while CO and hydrocarbon emissions were observed to increase slightly, likely due to some wall wetting of fuel with the initial prototype injector. Testing with low ignition quality fuels was also performed, and the electronic fuel system enabled the engine to operate with fuel having a cetane number as low as 30.
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Abou-Sayed, A., T. W. Thompson, and K. Keckler. "Safe injection pressures for disposing of liquid wastes: A case study for deep well injection." In Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28126-ms.

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Hutchison, P. A., and R. B. Wicker. "Transient Fuel Spray Structure for Simulated Injection Strategies in Direct Injection, Spark Ignition Engines." In ASME 2001 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2001-116.

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Abstract For two production DISI fuel injectors, flow visualization and particle image velocimetry (PIV) were utilized to illustrate the effect of fuel rail pressure and in-cylinder density (using in-cylinder pressure) on instantaneous fuel spray structure. Studies were performed within a non-motored research cylinder for two fuel rail pressures (3 MPa and 5 MPa) and two in-cylinder pressures (2 atm and 6 atm). Instantaneous flow visualization demonstrated the effects of changes in fuel rail pressure and in-cylinder density on transient spray structure. Increased fuel rail pressure resulted in increased narrowing of the spray cross-section and increased spray penetration distance. Increased in-cylinder density produced sprays with increased narrowing of the spray cross-section and shorter penetration distances. Spray velocities were shown to increase with increased fuel rail pressure and decrease with increased in-cylinder density.
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Sharma, Nikhil, and Avinash Kumar Agarwal. "Microscopic and Macroscopic Spray Characteristics of GDI Injector Using Gasohol Fuels at Various Injection Pressures." In SAE 2016 World Congress and Exhibition. SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0868.

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Reports on the topic "Injection Pressures"

1

Derek L. Aldred and Timothy Saunders. Achieve Continuous Injection of Solid Fuels into Advanced Combustion System Pressures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/909121.

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Derek L. Aldred and Timothy Saunders. Achieve Continuous Injection of Solid Fuels into Advanced Combustion System Pressures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926643.

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Derek L. Aldred and Timothy Saunders. Achieve Continuous Injection of Solid Fuels into Advanced Combustion System Pressures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881709.

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Gill E., L. Ahrens, and K. Welch. Beam Losses on Si+14 Injection Due to Ambient Gases and Contrived CO2 Pressures in the AGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1131589.

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Sirignano, William A., and Dorrin Jarrahbashi. Transient High-Pressure Fuel Injection Processes. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581153.

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Blau, Peter Julian, Amit Shyam, Camden R. Hubbard, et al. Materials for High-Pressure Fuel Injection Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1028170.

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Blau, P., A. Shyam, C. Hubbard, et al. Materials for High-Pressure Fuel Injection Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1027862.

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T. E. Wierman. System Study: High-Pressure Safety Injection 1998–2012. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129945.

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T. E. Wierman. System Study: High-Pressure Coolant Injection 1998-2012. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129946.

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Schroeder, John Alton. System Study: High-Pressure Coolant Injection 1998-2014. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1261234.

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