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1
Acantilado, Christopher P. "SIMPLE a prototype software fault-injection tool." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4358.
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Fault-injection techniques can be used to methodically assess the degree of fault tolerance afforded by a system. In this thesis, we introduce a Java-based, semi-automatic fault-injection test harness, called Software Fault Injection Mechanized Prototype Lightweight Engine (SIMPLE). SIMPLE employs a state-based fault injection approach designed to validate test suites. It also can assist developers to assess the properties of a system such as robustness, reliability, and performance. SIMPLE employs fault acceleration to test a system's fault- tolerant capabilities. We present an object-oriented analysis of the system and several case studies, using software fault injection on specific, targeted systems, to assess SIMPLE's effectiveness.
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Acantilado, Neil John P. Acantilado Christopher P. "SIMPLE : a prototype software fault-injection tool /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FAcantilado.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Software Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.Thesis advisor(s): J. Bret Michael, Richard H. Riehle. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93). Also available online.
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Costa, Carlos Alberto. "Product range models in injection mould tool design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327657.
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Budill, Kristine Trowbridge. "A systematic approach to tool qualification for injection molding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29207.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1993, Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-160).
by Kristine Trowbridge.
M.S.
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Dobler, Rodrigo Jaureguy. "FITT : fault injection test tool to validate safety communication protocols." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143198.
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Protocolos de comunicação seguros são essenciais em ambientes de automação industrial, onde falhas não detectadas na comunicação de dispositivos podem provocar danos irreparáveis à vida ou ao meio-ambiente. Esses protocolos seguros devem ser desenvolvidos de acordo com alguma norma de segurança, como a IEC 61508. Segundo ela, faz parte do processo de implementação destes protocolos, a escolha de técnicas adequadas de validação, entre elas a injeção de falhas, a qual deve considerar um modelo de falhas apropriado ao ambiente de operação do protocolo. Geralmente, esses ambientes são caracterizados pela existência de diversas formas de interferência elétrica e eletromagnética, as quais podem causar falhas nos sistemas eletrônicos existentes. Nos sistemas de comunicação de dados, isto pode levar a destruição do sinal de dados e causar estados de operação equivocados nos dispositivos. Assim, é preciso utilizar uma técnica de injeção de falhas que permita simular os tipos de erros de comunicação que podem ocorrer nos ambientes industriais. Dessa forma, será possível verificar o comportamento dos mecanismos de tolerância falhas na presença de falhas e assegurar o seu correto funcionamento. Para esta finalidade, este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento do injetor de falhas FITT para validação de protocolos de comunicação seguros. Esta ferramenta foi desenvolvida para ser utilizada com o sistema operacional Linux. O injetor faz uso do PF_RING, um módulo para o Kernel do Linux, que é responsável por realizar a comunicação direta entre as interfaces de rede e o injetor de falhas. Assim os pacotes não precisam passar pelas estruturas do Kernel do Linux, evitando que atrasos adicionais sejam inseridos no processo de recebimento e envio de mensagens. As funções de falhas desenvolvidas seguem o modelo de falhas de comunicação descrito na norma IEC 61508. Esse modelo é composto pelos erros de repetição, perda, inserção, sequência incorreta, endereçamento, corrupção de dados, atraso, mascaramento e falhas de memória em switches.Safe communication protocols are essential in industrial automation environments, where undetected failures in the communication of devices can cause irreparable damage to life or to the environment. These safe protocols must be developed according to some safety standard, like IEC 61508. According to it, part of the process of implementing these protocols is to select appropriate techniques for validation, including the fault injection, which should consider an appropriate fault model for the operating environment of the protocol. Generally, these environments are characterized by the existence of various forms of electric and electromagnetic interference, which can cause failures in existing electronic systems. In data communication systems, this can lead to the destruction of the data signal and cause erroneous operation states in the devices. Thus, it is necessary to use a fault injection technique that allows simulating the types of communication errors that may occur in industrial environments. So, it will be possible to verify the behavior of the fault tolerance mechanisms in the presence of failures and ensure its correct functioning. For this purpose, this work presents the development of FITT fault injector for validation of safety communication protocols. This tool was developed to be used with Linux operating system. The fault injector makes use of PF_RING, a module for the Linux Kernel and that is responsible to perform the direct communication between the network interfaces and the fault injector. Thus the packages do not need to go through the Linux Kernel structures, avoiding additional delays to be inserted into the process of receiving and sending messages. The developed fault injection functions follow the communication fault model described in the IEC61508 standard, composed by the errors of repetition, loss, insertion, incorrect sequence, addressing, data corruption, delay, masking and memory failures within switches. The fault injection tests applied with this model allow to properly validate the fault tolerance mechanisms of safety protocols.
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Tchwella, Tal. "Fault prophet : a fault injection tool for large scale computer systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91878.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-109).
In this thesis, I designed and implemented a fault injection tool, to study the impact of soft errors for large scale systems. Fault injection is used as a mechanism to simulate soft errors, measure the output variability and provide analysis of the impact of soft errors on the program. The underlying framework for the tool is based on LLFI, a LLVM fault injection tool, which I modified to support an end-to-end scenario for program testing purposes. The modifications and addition provide greater modularity of the tool by abstracting the input and output of the different components of the tool, support multiple fault scenarios and models, and supply an extensive visualizations framework. I evaluated the effectiveness of the new tool based on a set of benchmark programs as well as showcased the impact of soft errors on programs. The results demonstrate that while the sensitivity of instructions is program dependent, certain instruction opcodes are generally more sensitive than others, such as binary and memory operations, however well placed protection mechanisms can decrease the sensitivity of those instructions.
by Tal Tchwella.
M. Eng.
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Hameed, Muhammad Muzaffar, and Muhammad Zeeshan ul Haq. "DefectoFix : An interactive defect fix logging tool." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5268.
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Despite the large efforts made during the development phase to produce fault free system, most of the software implementations still require the testing of entire system. The main problem in the software testing is the automation that could verify the system without manual intervention. Recent work in software testing is related to the automated fault injection by using fault models from repository. This requires a lot of efforts, which adds to the complexity of the system. To solve this issue, this thesis suggests DefectoFix framework. DefectoFix is an interactive defect fix logging tools that contains five components namely Version Control Sysem (VCS), source code files, differencing algorithm, Defect Fix Model (DFM) creation and additional information (project name, class name, file name, revision number, diff model). The proposed differencing algorithm extracts detailed information by detecting differences in source code files. This algorithm performs comparison at sub-tree levels of source code files. The extracted differences with additional information are stored as DFM in repository. DFM(s) can later be used for the automated fault injection process. The validation of DefectoFix framework is performed by a tool developed using Ruby programming language. Our case study confirms that the proposed framework generates a correct DFM and is useful in automated fault injection and software validation activities.
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Monge, Solano Ignacio, and Enikő Matók. "Developing for Resilience: Introducing a Chaos Engineering tool." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20808.
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Software complexity continues to accelerate, as new tools, frameworks, and technologiesbecome available. This, in turn, increases its fragility and liability. Despite the amount ofinvestment to test and harden their systems, companies still pay the price of failure. Towithstand this fast-paced development environment and ensure software availability, largescalesystems must be built with resilience in mind. Chaos Engineering is a new practicethat aims to assess some of these challenges. In this thesis, the methodology, requirements,and iterations of the system design and architecture for a chaos engineering tool arepresented. In a matter of only a couple of months and the working hours of two engineers, itwas possible to build a tool that is able to shed light on the attributes that make the targetedsystem resilient as well as the weaknesses in its failure handling mechanisms. This toolgreatly reduces the otherwise manual testing labor and allows software engineering teamsto find potentially costly failures. These results prove the benefits that many companiescould experience in their return of investment by adopting the practice of ChaosEngineering.
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Rogero, J. M. "A Genetic algorithms based optimisation tool for the preliminary design of gas turbine combustors." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/93.
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The aim of this research is to develop an optimisation tool to support the
preliminary design of gas turbine combustors by providing a partial automation of the design process. This tool is to enable better design to be obtained faster, providing a reduction in the development costs and time to market of
new engines.
The first phase of this work involved the analysis of the combustor design
process with the aim of identifying the critical tasks that are suitable for being
automated and most importantly identifying the key parameters describing
the performance of a combustor.
During the second phase of this work an adequate design methodology for this
problem was defined. This led to the development of a design optimisation
Toolbox based on genetic algorithms, containing the tools required for it's
proper integration into the combustor preliminary design environment. For
the development of this Toolbox, extensive work was performed on genetic
algorithms and derived techniques in order to provide the most efficient and
robust optimisation method possible.
The optimisation capability of the Toolbox was first validated and metered
on analytical problems of known solution, where it demonstrated excellent optimisation performance especially for higher-dimensional problems. In a second step of the testing and validation process the combustor design capability of the Toolbox was demonstrated by applying it to diverse combustor design test cases. There the Toolbox demonstrated its capacity to achieve
the required performance targets and to successfully optimise some key combustor parameters such as liner wall cooling flow and NOx emissions. In addition, the Toolbox demonstrated its ability to be applied to different types of engineering problems such as wing profile optimisation.
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Khatri, Abdul Rafay [Verfasser]. "Development, verification and analysis of a fault injection tool for improving dependability of FPGA systems / Abdul Rafay Khatri." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123338449X/34.
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Buys, Alexander George. "Performance evaluation of aluminium alloy 7075 for use in tool design for the plastic industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1246.
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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009.The objective of this project was to measure the performance of high-strength aluminium alloys as injection mould material compared against conventionally used tool steel.
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Fu, Tingrui. "PP/clay nanocomposites : compounding and thin-wall injection moulding." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24655.
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This research investigates formulation, compounding and thin-wall injection moulding of Polypropylene/clay nanocomposites (PPCNs) prepared using conventional melt-state processes. An independent study on single screw extrusion dynamics using Design of Experiments (DoE) was performed first. Then the optimum formulation of PPCNs and compounding conditions were determined using this strategy. The outcomes from the DoE study were then applied to produce PPCN compounds for the subsequent study of thin-wall injection moulding, for which a novel four-cavity injection moulding system was designed using CAD software and a new moulding tool was constructed based upon this design. Subsequently, the effects of moulding conditions, nanoclay concentration and wall thickness on the injection moulded PPCN parts were investigated. Moreover, simulation of the injection moulding process was carried out to compare the predicted performance with that obtained in practice by measurement of real-time data using an in-cavity pressure sensor. For the selected materials, the optimum formulation is 4 wt% organoclay (DK4), 4 wt% compatibiliser (Polybond 3200, PPgMA) and 1.5 wt% co-intercalant (erucamide), as the maximum interlayer spacing of clay can be achieved in the selected experimental range. Furthermore, DoE investigations determined that a screw speed of 159 rpm and a feed rate of 5.4 kg/h are the optimum compounding conditions for the twin screw extruder used to obtain the highest tensile modulus and yield strength from the PPCN compounds. The optimised formulation of PPCNs and compounding conditions were adopted to manufacture PPCN materials for the study of thin-wall injection moulding. In the selected processing window, tensile modulus and yield strength increase significantly with decreasing injection speed, due to shear-induced orientation effects, exemplified by a significantly increased frozen layer thickness observed by optical microscopy (OM) and Moldflow® simulation. Furthermore, the TEM images indicate a strong orientation of clay particles in the flow direction, so the PPCN test pieces cut parallel to the flow direction have 36.4% higher tensile modulus and 13.6 % higher yield strength than those cut perpendicular to the flow direction, demonstrating the effects of shear induced orientation on the tensile properties of thin-wall injection moulded PPCN parts. In comparison to injection speed, mould temperature has very limited effects in the selected range investigated (25-55 °C), in this study. The changes in moulding conditions show no distinctive effects on PP crystallinity and intercalation behaviour of clay. Impact toughness of thin wall injection moulded PPCN parts is not significantly affected by either the changes in moulding conditions or clay concentration (1-5 %). The SEM images show no clear difference between the fracture surfaces of PPCN samples with different clay concentrations. TEM and XRD results suggest that higher intercalation but lower exfoliation is achieved in PPCN parts with higher clay content. The composites in the thin sections (at the end of flow) have 34 % higher tensile modulus and 11 % higher yield strength than in the thicker sections, although the thin sections show reduced d001 values. This is attributed to the significantly enhanced shear-induced particle/molecular orientation and more highly oriented frozen layer, according to TEM, OM and process simulation results. In terms of the reduced d001 values in the thin sections, it is proposed that the extreme shear conditions in the thin sections stretch the PP chains in the clay galleries to a much higher level, compaction of clay stacks occurs as less interspacing is needed to accommodate the stretched chains, but rapid cooling allows no time for the chains to relax and expand the galleries back. Overall, data obtained from both actual moulding and simulation indicate that injection speed is of utmost importance to the thin-wall injection moulding process, development of microstructure, and thus the resulting properties of the moulded PPCN parts, in the selected experimental ranges of this research.
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Kalous, Ondřej. "Racionalizace technologie výroby forem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231505.
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The diploma thesis Rationalization technology of production tools is divided into two parts. The first part is focused on injection molding of plastic materials and analysis current status of production injection tools. The second part contains proposal of rationalization steps in the production process and evaluation of rationalization.
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Estepa, Ruiz Daniel. "Study of different fuel injection and air management strategies as a tool for emissions control in a compression ignition engine (Diesel engine)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/113076.
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En la actualidad, la industria del transporte es la encargada de satisfacer las necesidades logísticas del mundo. Los combustibles fósiles continúan siendo la principal fuente de energía de esta industria, y el motor Diésel, una de las tecnologías principales en la transformación de la energía química de estos combustibles en energía mecánica a través del proceso de combustión. Asociado a este proceso de transformación de la energía, un conjunto de efectos indeseados como las emisiones contaminantes o los gases de efecto invernadero han hecho movilizar a la comunidad científica. Dicha comunidad, ha realizado importantes esfuerzos en la investigación de soluciones limpias y eficientes que ayuden a minimizar los efectos indeseados del uso del motor Diésel.
Sumado a los esfuerzos en la investigación, diferentes organizaciones gubernamentales han generado normativas que regulan estas emisiones contaminantes y la industria del motor ha reaccionado integrando soluciones tecnológicas que han hecho evolucionar la configuración original del motor Diésel.
Debido a razones principalmente geopolíticas, el desarrollo económico a nivel mundial no se ha dado de manera homogénea, y en la actualidad, existe una disparidad global en cuanto a las exigencias en normativa de emisiones y la implementación de tecnologías para su control, siendo estas afectadas principalmente por sus costos. Es en este contexto donde se enmarca esta tesis doctoral, cuyo objetivo principal es el estudio de diferentes estrategias de inyección y de renovación de la carga como herramienta de control de emisiones en motores de encendido por compresión, teniendo en cuenta el costo de su integración. Se busca poder definir los límites de estas estrategias de bajo costo, determinando así su potencial real en la futura normativa de los mercados emergentes.
Para abordar dicho objetivo, la tesis se ha desarrollado en tres etapas. En la primera, se ha realizado una aproximación teórico-experimental a las estrategias de inyección mediante modelado 3D-CFD y ensayos paramétricos en motor que permiten establecer como los parámetros de inyección responden al objetivo planteado. En la segunda etapa, se han estudiado las estrategias de renovación de la carga. Primero desde el modelado 1D para luego su posterior evaluación mediante su ensayo experimental en motor definiendo de esta manera las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada estrategia. En la tercera y última etapa, se han combinado todas las estrategias previamente estudiadas desde una aproximación experimental. De esta manera se puede alcanzar el objetivo de la tesis doctoral donde se ha comprobado la viabilidad de estas estrategias de bajo costo y se ha determinado su verdadero potencial como herramientas de control de las emisiones contaminantes.En l'actualitat, la indústria del transport és l'encarregada de satisfer les necessitats logístiques del món. Els combustibles fòssils continuen sent la principal font d'energia d'aquesta indústria, i el motor Diésel, una de les tecnologies principals en la transformació de l'energia química d'aquests combustibles en energia mecànica a través del procés de combustió. Associat a aquest procés de transformació de l'energia, un conjunt d'efectes indesitjats com les emissions contaminants o els gasos d'efecte hivernacle han fet mobilitzar a la comunitat científica. Aquesta comunitat, ha realitzat importants esforços en la recerca de solucions netes i eficients que ajuden a minimitzar els efectes indesitjats de l'ús del motor Diésel. Sumat als esforços en la recerca, diferents organitzacions governamentals han generat normatives que regulen aquestes emissions contaminants i la indústria del motor ha reaccionat integrant solucions tecnològiques que han fet evolucionar la configuració original del motor Diésel. A causa de raons principalment geopolítiques, el desenvolupament econòmic a nivell mundial no s'ha donat de manera homogènia, i en l'actualitat, existeix una disparitat global quant a les exigències en normativa d'emissions i la implementació de tecnologies per al seu control, sent aquestes afectades principalment pels seus costos. És en aquest context on s'emmarca aquesta tesi doctoral, que el seu objectiu principal és l'estudi de diferents estratègies d'injecció i de renovació de la càrrega com a eina de control d'emissions en motors d'encès per compressió, tenint en compte el cost de la seua integració. Se cerca poder definir els límits d'aquestes estratègies de baix cost, determinant així el seu potencial real en la futura normativa dels mercats emergents. Per a abordar dita objectiva, la tesi s'ha desenvolupat en tres etapes. En la primera, s'ha realitzat una aproximació teòric-experimental a les estratègies d'injecció mitjançant modelatge 3D-CFD i assajos paramètrics en motor que permeten establir com els paràmetres d'injecció responen a l'objectiu plantejat. En la segona etapa, s'han estudiat les estratègies de renovació de la càrrega. Primer des del modelatge 1D per a després la seua posterior avaluació mitjançant el seu assaig experimental en motor definint d'aquesta manera els avantatges i inconvenients de cada estratègia. En la tercera i última etapa, s'han combinat totes les estratègies prèviament estudiades des d'una aproximació experimental. D'aquesta manera es pot aconseguir l'objectiu de la tesi doctoral on s'ha comprovat la viabilitat d'aquestes estratègies de baix cost i s'ha determinat el seu vertader potencial com a eines de control de les emissions contaminants.
Nowadays, the transport industry is responsible for accomplish the world's logistics requirements. Fossil fuels continue to be the main source of energy for this industry, and the Diesel engine, one of the main technologies in the transformation of the chemical energy of these fuels into mechanical energy through combustion. Associated with this process of energy transformation, a set of undesired effects such as pollutant emissions or greenhouse gases have challenged the scientific community that has made significant research efforts aiming clean and efficient solutions. Added to the scientific community efforts, different governmental organizations have created regulations in order to control these pollutant emissions and the engine industry has reacted by integrating technological solutions that have evolved the original configuration of the Diesel engine. Due mainly to geopolitical reasons, economic development worldwide has not occurred in a homogeneous manner, and currently, there is a global disparity regarding the requirements in emission regulations and the implementation of technologies for their control, mainly driven by their costs. It is in this framework where is set this doctoral thesis, with the main objective to study different injection and air management strategies as a tool for emission control in compression ignition engines, taking into account the cost of their integration. The aim is to be able to define the limits of these low-cost strategies, thus determining their real potential in the future regulations of emerging markets. To address this objective, the thesis has been developed in three stages. In the first one, a theoretical-experimental approach to the injection strategies has been carried out using 3D-CFD modeling and parametric engine tests which allow us to establish how the injection parameters help to reach the depicted thesis objective. In the second stage, the air management strategies have been studied. First, from the 1D modeling point of view in order to select the best option for this platform, and later to proceed with the experimental validation of this selection. Through the described approach is possible defining the advantages and disadvantages of each air management strategy. In the third and final stage, all previously studied strategies have been combined from an experimental approach. In this way, the evaluation of these cost-effective strategies has been defined and the fully potential as a tool for emissions control has been determined thus the objective of the doctoral thesis could be achieved.
Estepa Ruiz, D. (2018). Study of different fuel injection and air management strategies as a tool for emissions control in a compression ignition engine (Diesel engine) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113076
TESIS
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Kuchař, Petr. "Aplikace CAD/CAM softwaru WorkNC při obrábění." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400955.
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The aim of this thesis was to design core and cavity part of the injection moulding tool with regard to the possibilities of SKD Bojkovice company. The structure of the thesis was divided into two main parts - the theoretical part, where the necessary theory for the elaboration of the second part, the practical one was briefly introduced. In the practical part own plastic component was designed, constructed an injection mold with emphasis on the core and cavity parts of the injection moulding tool and produced the necessary production documentation. Subsequently, the process of manufacturing these parts of the mold was described, and a brief technical-economic evaluation of the manufacturing process took place at the very end.
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Žouželka, Martin. "Injekce poruch pro webové služby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-235477.
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This document is especially aimed at web services technologies and testing them using fault injection methods. The work deals with Service-Oriented Architecture, used as a standard for web service implementation, and with software testing in general. Practical part of the project includes the design and realization of a tool, which is able to test the most common types of web services according to setup criteria. To demonstrate its functionality, some of the sample and public web services were tested.
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Figar, Erik. "Kontrola kvality vstřikovaných plastů pomocí rentgenové počítačové tomografie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417850.
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This Master‘s thesis deals with an aplication of computed tomography as the technology for quality control check of the plastic parts made by the injection molding process. The analyses were performed on two different types of plastic parts. These parts were delivered by two companies and they included the drawing documentation and CAD models. These plastic parts were analyzed according to their qualitative requirements. The analyses included evaluation of the geometric tolerances and porosity analysis with numerical and graphical evaluation. The new module for tool correction ,which is part of VGStudio Max, was tested on parts that were not in accordance with the required tolerances. Afterwards the new corrected geometries were exported. At the end of this Master’s thesis the porosity comparison was assessed between two different voxel resolution CT data. This comparison shows the complexity of this phenomenon and the importance of voxel resolution settings.
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Granado, Renê Mendes. "Moldagem por injeção de microcomponentes ópticos poliméricos gerados em insertos usinados por torneamento de ultraprecisão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18145/tde-02062011-121234/.
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Este trabalho analisou o processo de moldagem por injeção de micro elementos ópticos difrativos usinados em insertos de cobre eletrolítico com ferramenta de diamante com ponta única. Quatro tipos de microestruturas características foram selecionados neste estudo, a saber: lente anesférica, lente de Fresnel, grade de difração (blaze grating) e sensor de frente de onda. A análise da fidelidade de replicação foi feita considerando aspectos dimensionais micrométricos e nanométricos para a microestrutura e acabamento. Um perfilometro óptico e microscópio eletrônico de varredura foram utilizados para avaliar os insertos usinados e as características dos replicados. Uma ferramenta de diamante com geometria especial, com meio raio, foi usada para usinar as características de difração. As superfícies usinadas apresentaram baixo acabamento superficial, na faixa de 16 nm Rms. As simulações numéricas foram realizadas para avaliar o desempenho do processo de moldagem por injeção com polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), e os resultados foram utilizados para orientar a injeção do polímero. Com base na simulações numéricas as temperaturas do molde e pressões de injeção foram variadas entre 85ºC/130°C e 70 bar/130 bar, respectivamente. A influência destes parâmetros no desempenho do processo de replicação foi analisada. A análise quantitativa da replicação foi feita através de um parâmetro denominado grau de replicação que define a relação entre a altura nominal da microestrutura do inserto e à altura da microestrutura na réplica de polímero. A grade de difração e o sensor de frente de onda apresentaram os melhores níveis de replicação: 98% e 99%, respectivamente. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o processo de moldagem por injeção é uma técnica viável para replicar com alta qualidade microcaracterísticas de elementos ópticos de difração gerados por torneamento com ferramenta de diamante com ponta única.This work investigated the injection molding process of micro diffractive optical elements machined on electrolytic copper inserts by single point diamond turning. Four types of microstructure features were selected in this study, namely: aspherical lens, Fresnel lens, blaze grating and the wavefront sensor. The replication fidelity was evaluated in terms of dimensional micrometric features found in the microstructure and the surface finish. An optical profiler and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the machined inserts and the replicated features. A special geometry diamond tool with half radius was used to machine the diffraction features. The machined surfaces presented very low surface finish in the range of 16 nm Rms. Numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate the performance of the injection molding process with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and the results were used to guide the polymer injection. Based on numerical simulations mold temperatures and injection pressures were varied between 85°C/130°C and 70 bar/130 bar, respectively. The influence of these parameters on performance of the replication process was assessed. The quantitative assessement of the replication was made by using a parameter called degree of replication which defines the ratio between the nominal height of the microstructure in the insert and the height of the microstructure in the polymer replica. The blaze grating and the wavefront sensor presented the best degrees of replication: 98% and 99%, respectively. The experimental results showed that injection molding process is a viable technique to replicate high quality micro features of optical diffraction elements generated by single point diamond turning.
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Åström, Viktor, and Erik Näsman. "Konstruktion av kopplingsmekanism för ett delat skaft : Förslag på konstruktionsförbättringar för produkten SverigeGrepen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453922.
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Följande examensarbete handlar om att ta fram konstruktionsförslag för en kopplingsmekanism som möjliggör delning av SverigeGrepens stallgrep. Produkten SverigeGrepen är med sin särskilda utformning och låga vikt ett ergonomiskt mockningsredskap. På grund av dess längd och form tillkommer en avgift för skrymmande paket vilket resulterar i en hög fraktkostnad. En lösning på detta problem är att skaftet delas itu, vilket tillåter produkten att fraktas i ett mindre paket. Vid ankomst hos kund monteras produkten med hjälp av kopplingsmekanismen. Lösningen ska innebära en minimal påverkan på egenskaper jämfört med hur produkten ser ut idag, som vikt och hållfasthet. För att erhålla ett teoretiskt underlag för problemet genomfördes en litteraturstudie. Denna behandlade områden som formsprutning och konstruktionsregler, finita elementmetoden, material, konceptval samt tidigare studier. Studien fortsatte med benchmarking och framställandet av en produktkravspecifikation. Dessa användes som grund för att generera olika koncept, där de mest lovande konstruerades i CAD. Metoder för konceptval applicerades, där slutligen två av koncepten valdes att kombineras inför en vidareutveckling. Resultatet av arbetet är ett konstruktionsförslag för en pluggliknande kopplingsmekanism som monteras på skaftets insida. Denna lösning har en låg vikt, klarar vardaglig belastning och tillåter montering av SverigeGrepens delade skaft.This thesis aim is to develop a design proposal for a coupling mechanism for SverigeGrepen’s mucking tool which enables a splitting of its shaft and thus subsequently offer the ability to reliably mount them back together. SverigeGrepen is a lightweight product with a special design that makes it an ergonomic mucking tool. Due to the products length and shape a package fee is added in conjunction with its shipping which results in a high delivery cost. A proposal to solve this problem is a splitting of its shaft, which allows the product to be shipped in a smaller package. The product is assembled upon arrival at the customer. The solution should also have a minimal negative impact on SverigeGrepen’s existing product, such as its weight and strength. A literature study was conducted to obtain a theoretical basis. The study treated areas such as injection molding and rules for plastic design, as well as the finite element method, materials, concept selection and previous research. The study continued with market research and the development of a product requirement specification. These were used as a basis for generating product concepts, of which the most promising drafts were designed in CAD. Methods for concept selection were applied, where finally two of the concepts were chosen to be combined for further development. The result is a design proposal for a plug-like coupling mechanism that is mounted on the inside of the products shaft parts. The proposed solution offers a low total weight, endure the stress associated with everyday usage and allows the assembly of SverigeGrepen’s splitted shaft parts.
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Pioche, Mathieu. "Optimisation de la technique de dissection sous muqueuse à l’aide d’un bistouri à jet d’eau haute-pression pulsée pour le traitement endoscopique des tumeurs superficielles du tube digestif." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10166/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous avons travaillé sur les différents versants de la technique de dissection sous-muqueuse et les problèmes que pose ce geste quasi chirurgical dans des unités d'endoscopie initialement médicales. Tout d'abord, nous avons travaillé sur la formation à la technique en développant un modèle d'apprentissage sur colon de bovin plus adapté à la situation européenne où les lésions colo-rectales sont les plus fréquentes. Ce modèle de rectum de bovin, simple à trouver et à préparer permet une formation dans des conditions plus proches de la paroi colique humaine que celles offertes par l'estomac de cochon. Un travail à plus grande échelle évaluant les bénéfices d'une aide à l'apprentissage par un logiciel interactif dédié mené sur ce modèle avec 37 étudiants français et japonais est en cours d'analyse et sera publié prochainement. Ensuite, nous avons réfléchi à la stratégie de la procédure pour la rendre plus simple en évaluant précocement la technique du tunnel pour la dissection des lésions œsophagiennes. Cette stratégie permet de maintenir une traction sur les bords lésionnels et nous offrent une sorte de triangulation en élargissant physiquement la zone de travail. Cette stratégie est devenue un standard pour les résections œsophagiennes dans de nombreuses équipes. Enfin, nous avons travaillé conjointement avec la société Nestis® au développement d'un outil permettant d'optimiser la procédure de dissection sous-muqueuse en associant les bénéfices des bistouris bi fonction (injectant et coupant avec le même outil}, de la haute pression pulsée et des solutions macromoléculaires visqueuses. Le système Nestis® permet pour la première fois cette association et a démontré son intérêt en termes de sécurité et de performance par rapport à la méthode classique utilisant l'aiguille et un bistouri électrique conventionnel. Avec cet outil bi fonction, il n'est plus nécessaire de changer d'instrument puisque toutes les étapes de la procédure sont désormais réalisées avec un seul et même outil. D'autres projets sont déjà prévus avec ce matériel pour étudier ses bénéfices et sa sécurité en dissection colique humaine qui est réputée comme la plus difficile compte tenu de la finesse de la paroi. Enfin, ce matériel offre la possibilité d'injecter sous pression des principes actifs qui pourrait dans le futur permettre de prévenir la survenue de sténoses œsophagiennes ou diriger la cicatrisation. Nous avons ainsi travailler avec la pharmacie de l'hôpital Edouard Herriot pour stabiliser la solution macromoléculaires de mélange de glycérol pour permettre son utilisation en pratique quotidienneFirst of all, we worked on the training for unexperienced operators by developing a bovine colon model more adapted to the European situation where colo-rectal lesions are the most common. This model of rectum from bovine, easy to find and to prepare allows training in conditions most close to the human colonic wall than those offered by the pig stomach. Furthermore, such models allows to teach the initial skills but avoiding the risk of adverse events for the first procedures in humans. A future work evaluating the benefits of a learning support by a dedicated interactive software on this model with 37 french and Japanese students is now being analyzed and will be reported soon. Then we thought about the strategy of the procedure in order to make it more simple using the tunnel technique to perform ESD for the esophageal lesions. This strategy helps to maintain traction on the edges and offers a sort of triangulation physically expanding the working space. This strategy has become a standard for esophageal resections in many teams and we still work to improve its efficacy. Finally, we worked jointly with Nestis® Company to develop a tool to optimize the submucosal dissection procedure by combining the benefits of the catheters bi function (injecting and cutting with the same tool), but adding high pulsed pressure and capability to inject viscous macromolecular solutions. The Nestis® system allows for the first time this association and demonstrated his interest in terms of security and performance compared with the conventional method using the needle and a conventional electrocautery device. With this bi function tool, it is not necessary to change instrument frequently since all stages of the procedure are now done with a single device. Other projects are already included with this material to explore its benefits and its safety in human colonic dissection that is deemed as the most difficult due to the thinner wall. Finally, this material offers the possibility to inject pressurized active drugs which could be used in the future to prevent the occurrence of esophageal strictures or to direct healing. We also worked with the hospital Edouard Herriot pharmacy to stabilize the solution glycerol mix to allow its use in daily practice in our unit
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Pham, Giang T. "Ejection force modeling for stereolithography injection molding tools." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18214.
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Parks, Bryan K. (Bryan Keith). "Cost and lead time reduction in the manufacture of injection molding tools." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12092.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1994, and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104).
by Bryan K. Parks.
M.S.
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Ramos, Alexander. "Evaluating the ability of static code analysis tools to detect injection vulnerabilities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128302.
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Identifying and eliminating security vulnerabilities in programs can be very time consuming. A way to automate and speed up the process is to integrate static code analysis tools in the development process. Choosing a static code analysis tool for a project is not an easy task since different tools have their own strengths and performance characteristics. One way of testing the qualifications of a tool for finding flaws is to test them against a test suite, constructed for the specific purpose of static code analysis tool testing. In this paper the tools Visual Code Grepper, FindBugs and SonarQube are tested for their ability to detect SQL, OS command and LDAP injection vulnerabilities against the Juliet test suite v1.2 for Java and the performance of the tools are evaluated. Since the tools have their own techniques for finding errors and vulnerabilities, diverse results are obtained where the tools show their strengths and weaknesses which are presented in tables and graphs. In general, the FindBugs tool seems to be the most suitable tool for detecting potential injections, however further studies including more test cases should be conducted to cover more of what the tools are capable of detecting. To cover most of the vulnerabilities in a program, it would be ideal to use as many tools as possible to locate the maximum amount of flaws
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Jangha, Sundiata. "The development of an ejection mechanism design synthesis system for rapid injection molding tools." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16389.
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Xu, Xiaorong. "Conformal cooling and rapid thermal cycling in injection molding with 3D printed tools." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9344.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.Includes bibliographical references.
Solid Freeform Fabrication processes such as 30 Printing have demonstrated the potential to produce tools with complex internal geometry. This work explores the application of this capability to improved thermal management for injection molding tooling through: i)cooling lines which are conformal to the mold surface which provide improved uniformity and stability of mold temperature and ii) tools with low thermal inertia which, in combination with conformal fluid channels allow for rapid heating and cooling of tooling, thereby facilitating isothermal filling of the mold cavity. This work presents a systematic, modular, approach to the design of conformal cooling channels. Recognizing that the cooling is local to the surface of the tool, the tool is divided up into geometric regions and a channel system is designed for each region. Each channel system is itself modeled as composed of cooling elements, typically the region spanned by two channels. Six criteria are applied including; a transient heat transfer condition which dictates a maximum distance from mold surface to cooling channel, considerations of pressure and temperature drop along the flow channel and considerations of strength of the mold. These criteria are treated as constraints and successful designs are sought which define windows bounded by these constraints. The methodology is demonstrated in application to a complex core and cavity for injection molding. In the area of rapid thermal cycling, this work utilizes the design methods for conformal channels for the heating phases and adds analysis of the packing and cooling phases. A design is created which provides thermal isolation and accommodation of cyclic thermal stresses though an array of bendable support columns which support the molding portion of the tool where the heating/cooling channels are contained. Designed elasticity of the tool is used to aid in packing of the polymer during the cooling phase. Methodology for the design of this structure is presented. A set of tools has been fabricated and subjected to thermal and mechanical tests.
by Xiaorong Xu.
Ph.D.
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Rahman, Shafiqur. "Studies on different liquid manure injection tools under laboratory (soil bin) and grassland conditions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ53212.pdf.
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Ilyas, Ismet Priana. "Production of plastic injection moulding tools using selective laser sintering and high speed machining." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4048/.
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Global manufacturing trend and competition challenge every industry to seek new manufacturing methods to improve their business processes and speed up the product development cycle [Conolly, 2004a and Knights, 2001]. Among the candidates, layer manufacturing (LM) technologies appear to be a potential solution [Plam, 2002, and Grimm, 2004]. Recent LM technologies have led to a demanding application for developing production tools to manufacture parts, known as rapid tooling (RT). Selective laser sintering (SLS) is one of the leading LM systems available today in RT to manufacture injection mould (core/cavity) inserts [Kruth, 1998, Chua, 1999, Dormal, 1999, and Grenda, 2005]. However, the current capabilities of the SLS in producing metal parts have not yet fulfil the requirements of the injection mould inserts, especially in dimensional accuracy and surface finish quality [Francis, 2002 and Dalgamo, 2001 a]. The aim of this research is to use indirect SLS and high speed machining (HSM) in developing production-quality plastic injection moulding (core/cavity) inserts. The idea is that the indirect SLS process is utilised to build a near-net-shape inserts, while HSM is then utilised to finish the inserts to production specifications. Benchmark studies have been carried out to characterise the capabilities of both SLS and HSM with reference to the typical requirements of injection mould inserts. Utilising the study results, new developments of the mould inserts have been implemented on three major industrial case studies. Their performances have been evaluated and measured by comparing them with its respective original inserts. Furthermore, a set of design rules has been derived from best practices of the case studies, and have been validated by developing a new design for each case studies inserts. The results have demonstrated that the indirect SLS process has a capability III manufacturing a near-net shape of the insert which requires further related finishing to achieve final production specifications. The insert performances in some case studies have indicated significant improvements in process productivity and energy consumption as well as economic benefits to using the inserts. Regarding the significant considerations in realising the design, a recommendation on further strategic design rules and manufacturing process are highlighted so that the development of the insert using the selected approach can be more effective and efficient. Moreover, a utilisation of computer analysis software and further durability trial is also highlighted in order to predict and evaluate the optimum overall performance.
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Sjöberg, Magnus. "The rotating injector as a tool for exploring DI diesel combustion and emissions formation processes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Machine Design, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3208.
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A diesel fuel injector has been modified to allow rotationaround its axis, driven by an electric motor. Injections at upto 6000 rpm from the rotating injector have been investigatedunder the influence of air swirl on one optical research engineand one optically accessible heavy-duty diesel engine.
The experiments show that changing from a normal, staticinjection to a sweeping injection has profound effects on sprayformation, dispersion and penetration. This influences thefuel/air-mixing, autoignition, combustion rate and emissionsformation. The spray propagation is stronger influenced byinjector rotation than by air swirl.
The air entrainment into the spray increases forcounter-swirl rotation of the injector and this speeds up thevaporization and decreases the formation of soot. In addition,the oxidation of soot is enhanced since the counter-swirlinjection forces the intense fuel-rich and soot containingspray core to penetrate into fresh air instead of replenishingthe rich regions in the head of the spray. Fuel accumulationalong the piston bowl wall decreases as an effect of thereduced penetration with counter-swirl injection. Altogether,this decreases the smoke emissions for low and intermediateengine loads.
For the combustion system studied, counter-swirl rotation ofthe injector cannot decrease the smoke emissions at high engineload since the reduced spray penetration impairs the airutilization. Fast and efficient combustion at high loadrequires spray induced flame spread out into the squish region.Spray induced flow of cool fresh air from the bottom of thepiston bowl in towards the injector is also important for lowsoot formation rates.
Co-swirl rotation of the injector reduces the airentrainment into the spray and increases the soot formation.The increased smoke and CO emissions with co-swirl injectionare also attributed to the excessively large fuel-rich regionsbuilt up against the piston bowl wall.
Increased air swirl generally reduces smoke and COemissions. This is mainly an effect of enhanced burnout due tomore intense mixing after the end of fuel injection.
Changes in smoke as an effect of injector rotation aregenerally accompanied with opposite, but relatively small,changes in NO. Fast and efficient burnout is important for lowsmoke emissions and this raises both the temperature andproduction of NO. NO production is strongly influenced by thein-cylinder conditions during the latter part of themixing-controlled combustion and in the beginning of theburnout.
Keywords:diesel spray combustion, rotating injector,air swirl, air/fuel-mixing, soot, NO, CO, flame visualization,Chemkin modeling, soot deposition
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Sjöberg, Magnus. "The rotating injector as a tool for exploring DI diesel combustion and emissions formation processes /." Stockholm, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3208.
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Ainsley, C. C. "An investigation into the use of slip casting of 316L stainless steel as a method of forming injection moulding tools." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263770.
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Yamori, Nobuyoshi, and Ayami Kobayashi. "Wealth Effect of Public Fund Injections to Ailing Banks: Do Deferred Tax Assets and Auditing Firms Matter?" 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11929.
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Tarantola, Arnaud. "Epidemiology as a tool to improve prevention of human rabies : local and global health implications of postexposure prophylaxis data, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 2003-2014." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC031/document.
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La rage entraîne plus de 60,000 décès par an dans le Monde, dont 800 au Cambodge, pays fortement endémique pour la rage canine.La mort survient dans près de 100% des cas de rage, maladie évitable dans presque 100% des cas par l’accès à une prophylaxie post-exposition (PPE) antirabique adéquate et en temps utile. L’amélioration de l’accès à une PPE dans les zones rurales des pays endémiques permettra d’épargner des vies humaines à court terme. Cette thèse en épidémiologie a tiré parti des données collectées auprès des patients consultant au centre antirabique et les chiens testés à l’Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC), Phnom Penh. Suite à un bilan épidémiologique de la situation et des obstacles auxquels sont confrontés les patients cherchant à accéder à la PPE adéquate et en temps utile, elle vise à contribuer à améliorer 1/ l’accès géographique et 2/ l’accès financier à une PPE pour les populations rurales du Cambodge. Nous avons développé une stratégie originale d’identification des poches de populations à haut risque d’incomplétude vaccinale après une exposition potentielle à la rage. Ceci devrait permettre d’améliorer l’accès géographique à la PPE et se concrétiser par l’ouverture en Juillet 2018 d’un centre périphérique de prévention de la rage dans l’Ouest du Cambodge. Cette stratégie d’identification de difficultés d’accès aux soins est applicable à d’autres thématiques de santé, sous certaines conditions. Notre rappel des patients et l’analyse des décès par rage parmi les patients n’ayant pas complété de leur propre chef le protocole PPE de 4 sessions intradermales sur 1 mois ne permettent pas de mettre en évidence une différence de mortalité par rage parmi les patients n’ayant reçu que 3 sessions sur 1 semaine, par rapport à au moins 4 sessions/1mois. Le raccourcissement du protocole à 1 semaine permet de réduire les coûts directs et indirects et l’absence de revenus pendant la durée du traitement en capitale. La mise en place de ce protocole doit s’accompagner d’un suivi d’au moins 6 mois des patients après leur prise en charge initiale. L’ensemble de ces travaux a des implications qui dépassent le cadre du Cambodge: Dans ses recommandations d’Avril 2018, l’OMS recommande désormais ce nouveau protocole IPC– le premier protocole PPE antirabique abrégé à 1 semaineRabies causes more than 60,000 deaths worldwide each year, including 800 in Cambodia, where canine-mediated rabies virus circulates. Death occurs in nearly 100% of rabies cases, a disease which is nearly 100% avoidable by timely and adequate rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Improving access to PEP in rural areas of endemic countries will spare human lives in the short term. This epidemiology PhD used the data collected in patients referred to the rabies prevention clinic and tested dogs at Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC), Phnom Penh. After a baseline assessment of access to and obstacles to access timely and adequate PEP in Cambodia, this PhD aims to contribute to improving: 1/ geographical access and 2/ financial access to PEP for rural populations in Cambodia. We developed an original strategy to identify populations with a high risk of PEP noncompletion after a bite by a potentially rabid dog. This should help improve geographical access to PEP following the implementation in July 2018 of a peripheral rabies prevention center in Western Cambodia. This strategy can be applied to identify difficulties in accessing health services relevant to other health issues, under certain conditions. After patient callback and analysis of rabies deaths among those who did and did not complete the 4-sessions/1-month intradermal PEP regimen of their own accord, we were unable to demonstrate a difference in rabies mortality among patients who only received 3 vaccine sessions over the first week compared to those receiving at least 4 sessions/one month. Abridging the protocol to one week would reduce direct and indirect costs and the loss of income during PEP in the Capital. The adoption of this abridged regimen must be associated with a strengthened clinical monitoring system for at least 6 months following patients’ initial PEP.The work presented in this PhD has implications which reach beyond Cambodia: WHO recommends this new IPC regimen – the first approved one-week, abridged rabies PEP regimen – in its April 2018 guidelines
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Manivannan, Sivaprasath. "Measuring permeability vs depth in the unlined section of a wellbore using the descent of a fluid column made of two distinct fluids : inversion workflow, laboratory & in-situ tests." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX086/document.
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Dans les puits de production d’eau, de pétrole, de gaz et de chaleur géothermique, ou dans les puits d’accès à un stockage d’hydrocarbures, il est précieux de connaître la perméabilité de la formation ou de sa couverture en fonction de la profondeur, soit pour améliorer le modèle de réservoir, soit pour choisir les zones dans lesquelles procéder à des opérations spéciales.On propose une technique qui consiste à balayer la hauteur du découvert par une interface entre deux liquides de viscosités très contrastées. Le débit total qui pénètre la formation à chaque instant est ainsi une fonction de la position de l’interface et de l’historique des pressions dans le puits. On doit alors résoudre un problème inverse : rechercher la perméabilité fonction de la profondeur à partir de l’historique des débits dans le temps. Dans la pratique, le puits est équipé d’un tube central. Le balayage est effectué par injection d’un liquide à pression d’entrée constante dans le tube central et soutirage d’un autre liquide par l’espace annulaire. On mesure les débits d’injection et de soutirage dont la différence est le débit qui entre dans la formation.Pour valider et améliorer cette technique, on a d’abord utilisé une maquette simulant un découvert multi-couches disponible au LMS. On a exploité aussi des essais en place réalisés dans la couverture peu perméable d’un stockage souterrain de gaz. Dans ces essais, un liquide visqueux placé dans le découvert était déplacé par un liquide moins visqueux (méthode dite « opening »). Les couches plus perméables étaient correctement identifiées (Manivannan et al. 2017), mais une estimation quantitative était un défi en raison des phénomènes transitoires qui affectent le voisinage immédiat des puits. De plus, le rayon investigué dans le massif était petit.La thèse a relevé ces défis en proposant un essai légèrement différent et une nouvelle technique d’interprétation. Les essais avec une maquette modifiée ont montré la supériorité d’une méthode « closing » dans laquelle le puits est d’abord rempli du liquide le moins visqueux. On ménage une période de stabilisation avant l’injection du liquide visqueux pour réduire les effets transitoires ; elle permet aussi d’estimer la perméabilité moyenne et l’influence de la zone endommagée à la paroi (le « skin »).Puis on conduit l’essai proprement dit. L’historique des débits mesurés en tête de puits constitue le profil d’injection dont on déduit le profil de perméabilité.. Cette estimation suppose un écoulement monophasique dans chaque couche et la même « skin » pour toute la formation. Les incertitudes principales portent sur les pressions de formation et les variations possibles du « skin ». Elles sont estimées au moyen d’un calcul analytique. On a vérifié sur la maquette que les profils de perméabilité estimés présentent une bonne concordance avec les perméabilités mesurées avant les essais.On a réalisé un essai sur un sondage de 1750 m de long atteignant une couche de sel dont on a correctement estimé la perméabilité moyenne pendant la période de stabilisation. Toutefois elle était si faible (4.0E-21 m²) que l’utilisation de deux fluides n’a pas permis de faire une différence entre les diverses parties du puitsIn wells producing water, oil, gas or geothermal energy, or in access wells to hydrocarbon storage, it is critical to evaluate the permeability of the formation as a function of depth, to improve the reservoir model, and also to identify the zones where additional investigation or special completions are especially useful.A new technique is proposed, consisting of scanning the open hole (uncased section of the wellbore) with an interface between two fluids with a large viscosity contrast. The injection rate into the formation depends on interface location and well pressure history. An inverse problem should be solved: estimate permeability as a function of depth from the evolution of flow rates with time. The wells are usually equipped with a central tube. The scanning is done by injecting a liquid in the central tube at constant wellhead pressure. Injection and withdrawal rates are measured at the wellhead; the difference between these two rates is the formation injection rate.To validate and improve this technique, we used a laboratory model mimicking a multi-layer formation, already available at LMS. We also made use of in-situ tests performed on an ultra-low permeable cap rock above an underground gas storage reservoir. In these tests, a viscous fluid contained in the open hole was displaced by a less-viscous fluid (a method called opening WTLog). The more permeable layers were correctly identified (Manivannan et al. 2017), but a quantitative estimation was challenging due to transient phenomena in the vicinity of the wellbore (near-wellbore zone). In addition, the investigation radius was small.These challenges are addressed by proposing a slightly modified test procedure and a new interpretation workflow. Laboratory tests with a modified test setup showed the advantages of the ‘closing’ method in which the well is filled with a less-viscous fluid at the start of the test. We also added a stabilization period before the injection of viscous fluid to minimize the transient effects; this period is also used to estimate the average permeability of the open hole and the effect of near-wellbore damage (skin).Then the test proper is performed (closing WTLog). The injection profile of the less-viscous fluid is computed from the wellhead flow rate history. A permeability profile is estimated from the injection profile. The permeability estimation considers a monophasic flow in each layer and the same skin value for all the formation layers. Major uncertainties in the permeability estimates are caused by formation pressures and heterogeneities in skin values; they are estimated using an analytical formula. We have verified on the laboratory setup that the estimated permeability profiles are well correlated to the permeabilities measured before the tests.An attempt was made to perform a WTLog in a 1750-m long wellbore opening in a salt formation. The first phase was successful and the average permeability was correctly assessed. However, this permeability was so small (4.0E-21 m² or 4 nD) that the gauges and the flowmeters were not accurate enough to allow a clear distinction between the permeabilities of the various parts of the open hole
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李啟維. "Injection Tool Design for Rubber Shoues Injection Mold." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wgvxeb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
智能化機電系統設計產業碩士專班
107
In the current process of manufacturing vulcanized shoes, the rubber parts are separately made before combing into the shoes body followed by a plurality of steps in the end forming stage then are sent to the heating tank to be shaped at a high temperature and a high pressure, which is complicated and labor-intensive. Therefore, in this paper, it will be discussed how to design a mold that achieves the online output level by first spraying these rubber parts in an injection machine integrally, and allowing them exiting the machine directly after the injection is completed, finally pressurize and heating the outside to wait for the completion of vulcanization. In this mold design, the concept is to shoot by the plastic three-plate mold, and the core is divided into upper and lower molds by the side line splitting, wherein the inclined pin drives the slider to avoid the outer barb portion. The first section is opened when the front head is retracted and the second section will be opened to separate the upper and lower dies. The relevant parameters of the injection machine are calculated to verify the feasibility of the design by Moldflow. The Moldflow mold flow analysis verifies the research results, and shows that the flow balance analysis of the mold design results is based on the calculated parameters. The flow balance of the left and right finished products is equalized and the time difference between the front and rear ends is less than 0.5 second. The exhaust and package analysis is also verified on the front. Although there will be a small part of the toe cap portion but, the exhaust gap will be solved by using the slider gap, and the calculated injection machine parameters will be consistent with the analysis results.
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GU, CHANG-YONG, and 古昌永. "Injection Tool Design for Rubber Outsole." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v4whc3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
智能化機電系統設計產業碩士專班
107
This study aims to save cost efficiently by doing injection molding instead of hot press forming which caused excessive waste. In a traditional shoe factory, mold CAD file is normally held by the mold factory who designed it; therefore, the following sections will focus on how to acquire the CAD file of the model. Before starting the simulation, analyze the required parameters and preliminary estimation; use those values as input in Moldflow to simulate, in order to prevent and improve potential issues. After simulating the flow process through Moldflow, it was found that there is uneven flow at the outsole. The reason is that the gap on the surface makes the thickness area thinner than expected. There are few ways to improve it. First of all, modifying thickness could be improved. Secondly, increasing the temperature of the mold and material to increase the flow of the raw material. Changing the position of the feed port to reduce its influences can play a role as well. Finally, according to the experimental analysis, found out that the suitable process parameters were mold at temperature 175 ° C, melting temperature 90 ° C, set time 5 seconds, vulcanization time 200 seconds, screw speed 100 mm / s, holding pressure 90 Mpa.
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Chaudhari, Ameya Suhas. "Fiesta++ : a software implemented fault injection tool for transient fault injection." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28159.
Full textAbstract:
Computer systems, even when correctly designed, can suffer from temporary errors due to radiation particles striking the circuit or changes in the operating conditions such as the temperature or the voltage. Such transient errors can cause systems to malfunction or even crash. Fault injection is a technique used for simulating the effect of such errors on the system. Fault injection tools inject errors in either the software running on the processors or in the underlying computer hardware to simulate the effect of a fault and observe the system behavior. These tools can be used to determine the different responses of the system to such errors and estimate the probability of occurrence of errors in the computations performed by the system. They can also be used to test the fault tolerance capabilities of the system under test or any proposed technique for providing fault tolerance in circuits or software. As a part of this thesis, I have developed a software implemented fault injection tool, Fiesta++, for evaluating the fault tolerance and fault response of software applications. Software implemented fault injection tools inject faults into the software state of the application as it runs on a processor. Since such fault injection tools are used to conduct experiments on applications executing natively on a processor, the experiments can be carried out at almost the same speed as the application execution and can be run on the same hardware as used by the software application in the field. Fiesta++ offers two modes of operation: whitebox and blackbox. The whitebox mode assumes that users have some degree of knowledge of the structure of the software under test and allows them to specify fault injection targets in terms of the application variables and fault injection time in terms of code locations and events at run time. It can be used for precise fault injection to get reproducible outcomes from the fault injection experiments. The blackbox mode is targeted for the case where the user has very little or no knowledge of the application code structure. In this mode, Fiesta++ provides the user with a view of the active process memory and an array of associated information which a user can use to inject faults.text
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Lee, Cheng-Yeh, and 李政曄. "Fault injection Tool Development and Its Application Study." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77321517940853150577.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
92
This thesis presents a comprehensive fault-tolerant verification environment which encompasses a simulation-based fault injection tool, ModelSim VHDL simulator and data analyzer. The core of the verification environment is the fault injection tool that can inject the transient and permanent faults into VHDL models of digital systems at chip, RTL and gate levels during the design phase. Weibull fault distribution is employed to decide the time instant of fault injection. Our tool supports a fault injection analysis which can provide us the useful statistics for each injection campaign. The statistic data for each injection campaign represents a fault scenario. We can exploit the injection tool to produce a variety of fault scenarios such that the fault-tolerant systems can be thoroughly validated. In the application studies, we show how the injection tool assists us in creating the proper fault environments that can be used to effectively validate the capability of a fault-tolerant system and examine the strength of a fault-tolerant system under various fault scenarios. Therefore, the proposed verification environment aids us in raising the efficiency and validity of dependability analysis. Those application studies include pipeline processor embedded error detection schemes and VLIW processor embedded fault-tolerant schemes.
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Weispfenning, Aaron Michael. "Development of a design tool for planning emulsified oil injection systems." 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03212008-122322/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Cheng, Ching-Ming, and 鄭境明. "Surface finish of the injection moulding tool steel using ball burnishing , plating and polishing processes with machine tool." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83901275090315821412.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
92
The objective of this study is to improve surface roughness of PX4 plastic injection mold steel using the ball burnishing, nickel-plating and ball polishing surface finish processes on a machining center. The test specimen was first burnished with the optimal burnishing process parameters, namely the combination of the tungsten carbide ball, the burnishing speed of 200mm/min, the burnishing force of 300N, the feed of 40μm, and the lubricant of grease. The surface roughness Ra of the specimen can be improved from about 1.0μm to 0.086μm after burnishing process. In order to protect the metal from corrosion, the burnished specimen was plated with nickel with the thickness of about 5~10μm. The surface roughness of the plated specimen was further improved with the ball polishing process. The optimal parameters were determined by the Taguchi’s method. Some dominant parameters, namely abrasive particle size, abrasive material, feed, step over distance, polishing force (depth of penetration) and the speed of the polishing ball were selected as the experimental factors. The optimal parameters have been determined after conducting the Taguchi’s L18 matrix experiments, analysis of variation (ANOVA), and the full factorial experiment. The optimal flat surface polishing parameters for the plastic injection mold steel PX4 were the abrasive of Al2O3 with grid no. 8000, the feed 20mm/min., step over distance 100μm, the polishing force 1.05N (depth of penetration 120μm) and the grinding speed 6000rpm. The surface roughness Ra of the burnished and plated specimen could be further improved from about 0.07μm. to 0.02μm based on the optimal polishing parameters. Applying the developed surface finish processes and their individual optimal parameters sequentially to a fine milled freeform surface mold cavity, the surface roughness Ra = 0.03μm was reachable on the freeform surface region of the test part.
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Peić, Michael. "Coupling a computer-aided engineering tool with optimization algorithms for injection molding." 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50080615.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2001.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95).
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Yu-TingSung and 宋昱廷. "Design of Non-Planar Induction Coils for Injection Molding Tool Surface Heating." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76714660263142763987.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
機械工程學系
102
Recently, energy saving is one of the important issues for polymer processing industry. Electromagnetic induction heating has many advantages such as fast heating and low energy consumption. Previous studies using electromagnetic induction heating for rapid tool heating have indicated that the temperature uniformity on a cavity surface is not easy to be achieved. In this paper, a planar coil was used for heating uniform 30mm thick hot work tool steel (JIS SKD61) surface, another coil was used for 7 inch display frame tool and another non-planar coil was designed for a fax machine top case tool. The planar coil heating experiment results showed that temperature uniformity is about 88% and heating rate is 2℃ per sec. The 7 inch frame coil heating results showed that the temperature uniformity is about 90.90% and heating rate is 3.73℃ per sec. The non-planar coil heating result showed that the temperature of tool rose from 50℃ to 120℃ in 10 seconds.
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Peng, Jian-Min, and 彭建閔. "Multiple-Level Fault Injection Tool Development and Verification Flow in SystemC Design Platform." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54715596253148242757.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
資訊工程學系(所)
96
As the chip fabrication enters the very deep submicron technology, system-on-chip (SoC) can contain a large number of transistors and integrate more and more functions into a chip. SoC could encounter the reliability problem due to the increased likelihood of faults or radiation-induced soft errors. Thus, it is essential to employ the fault-tolerant techniques in the design of SoC to protect SoC from faults and guarantee the operational reliability. The utilization of fault-tolerant techniques could lead to the increased complexity in design and verification. Thus, we need to adopt the behavioral level or higher level of abstraction to describe/model the SoC, such as SystemC. We need to utilize the fault injection approach to locate the weakness of system before insert fault-tolerant techniques into the system, avoiding the addition of redundant circuits. In this thesis, we develop a multiple-level fault injection tool and verification flow in SystemC design platform. The user can set the parameters of the fault injection module (FIM), and collect the result of simulation rapidly. In addition, we integrate the event-driven fault injection concept into the design flow for supplying the various methods of fault injection, and utilize the event tree proposed in this thesis to analyze the effect of the specific event in the systems. We build an automatic design flow by employing the commands provided by CoWare Platform Architect. The fault injection tool can assist designer in collecting information for FMEA procedure, and decrease the complexity and time of design, and increase the accuracy of validation. In this thesis, we propose a fault injection methodology, and develop a fault injection tool for various modeling levels of SystemC, and conduct three kinds of experiments to verify the accuracy of FIM, compare time-driven with event-driven in effectiveness of fault injection, and apply to FMEA to demonstrate the power of the tool.
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Yu-Hsia, Hsu. "TFC: A Tool of Trace, Fault Injection and Crash Rescue for Linux Device Drivers." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0005-1007200620092900.
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Huang, Chi-Tsun, and 黃啟村. "The Optimum Design of Tool Path and Dimensional Accuracy for the Plastic Injection Mold." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70457600332779460095.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
材料與製造工程所
93
In cutting practice, the cutting time, work piece quality, cutting cost were the important parameters to upgrade the competition. How to obtain the optimum cutting time (path) and machining accuracy, in order to shorten the mold manufacturing time, is the same goal for industry. The objective of this research is to investigate how to decrease the CAM programming time and machining time, and to accomplish the demand of machining accuracy in the same time , when the cutting-use simulation software and actuality machining were applied to High Speed Machining of plastic injection mold manufacturing. There are four factors will be discussed in the following ：(1) During end mill or bull nose type end mill machining, under the condition of no retained material ,the setting of tool displacement. (2) The selection of optimum shape contours tolerance. (3) For the U shape contour core with core depth to tool diameter ratio >5, to investigate the effects of the tool type (end mill tool and ball type mill tool) and the cutting direction (top and side direction) on the cutting time and accuracy. (4) For the mobile body with appearance consideration, to investigate the effects of cutting conditions include cutting feed and cutting path etc., on the burr quantity, cutting time, total cutting cost at the parting plane area. The experimental results show that：(1) Under the condition of no retained material, the optimum tool displacement equal to 70% of the tool diameter. (2) According to the work piece contour tolerance value, under the satisfication of request for cutting accuracy and cutting time, the optimum value equal to 0.01mm. (3) For the U shape contour core with a core depth to tool diameter ratio >5, under the conditions of side cutting direction and end mill tool, the cutting accuracy is the best . (4) For the parting plane region, under the conditions of 0.05mm cutting feed, single direction(from inside to outside) tool path, the burr is smallest within acceptable range.
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Ko, Li-Hao, and 柯力豪. "Development of a Comprehensive Fault Injection Tool Conforming to the ISO 26262 Standard Requirements." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88362619620155146066.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
電機工程學系
105
In the fields of automotive electrical and electronic application, the standard of ISO 26262 dedicated for improving functional safety of vehicle system. It can assist on evaluating and analyzing the safety, reliability and weak points of system. It is also helpfully to remove the redundant components of circuit and to reinforce the portion which is easily damaged at the initial designing stage. ISO 26262 provides several ways to help users analyze their system effectively, such as Fault Tree Analysis, Failure Mode Effects Analysis, Event Tree Analysis, Markov Modeling etc. Another method to verify the reliability of system safety is the fault injection technique. In order to verify and analyze the safety of a system in design phase, this thesis proposes a method of fault injection and data analysis for system safety and reliability. We developed a verification tool called FIDA (Fault Injection and Data Analysis/ FMEDA). The designer could use the tool to generate the FMEDA report, to assess the ASIL and other related metrics quickly. In the other hand, the faults happened and protected by safety mechanism, but can’t be detected or perceived of its abnormal situation from user. These kinds of faults are classified as latent dual-point fault in ISO 26262. In this thesis, we provide a scheme followed the requirement of ISO 26262 standard to inject and simulate the dual-point faults to assist the designers in analyzing the impact of dual-point faults on the systems.
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Hsu, Yu-Hsia, and 許玉霞. "TFC: A Tool of Trace, Fault Injection and Crash Rescue for Linux Device Drivers." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19495407785293394079.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
94
This paper presents a new mechanism that enables system to run correctly when device drivers fail. Moreover, the presented tool: TFC uses the kprobes infrastructure to dynamically instrument the kernel applications (driver module) and is confirmed from observed results (tests on the PCI network interface card driver for the Linux operation system) to be helpful to Trace, Fault injection, and Crash rescue for Linux device drivers. With TFC, the system can indeed survive the failure of the device driver. There are several techniques programmers can use to monitor kernel code and trace errors. TFC is most easy understanding for pinpointing runtime errors from system calls automatically and saving system from crash concurrently. Often the other debugging tools in the application or demo program isn’t verbose enough to be useful for debugging, and being able to tell exactly which arguments to which system call triggered the error can be a great help. TFC also provides fault injection function for programmers to observe the driver response. TFC is a totally solution to provide the instrumentation data to speed the Linux device driver programming. The primary advantage of the TFC clearly lies in its permitting users to dynamically load and unload into the running kernel. The TFC can be introduced without any changes to the OS kernel and with no changes at all to existing device drivers.
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HUANG, WEN-RONG, and 黃文榮. "Multiple Thermal Reactive Diffusion/Deposition of Nb and V on SKD61 Tool Steel for Injection Screw." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44605481455070797395.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
模具系碩士在職專班
102
The multiple thermal reactive diffusion/deposition (TRD) process was used to deposit Nb and V on hot-worked tool steel SKD61 which is applied for injection screw. The samples were pre-treated by nitriding and boronizing and followed with TRD of Nb and V at different temperatures of 950℃, 1000℃, and 1050℃. The normal and cross-sectional hardness were measured by HV hardness tester. Indentation of HRC hardness was used to examine the adhesion property of the coatings. The polarization curve measurement identified the corrosion behavior of multiple TRD samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the plan-view and cross sectional-view morphology of the coatings. The compositions of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffrctometer (XRD). The molten plastic rotation test was applied to examine the performance of SKD 61 as injection screw in the forced plastic fluid at a high temperature. The results indicate that all samples with TRD of Nb and V have better abrasion resistance and performance of molten plastic rotation testing compared with uncoated (and quenched and tempered) SKD 61. The sample was TRD-treated at 950℃ has a highest surface hardness of 3260 HV and a smallest thickness of 8μm among other samples. This induces the worst abrasion resistance and largest weight loss in molten plastic rotation testing. The polarization curves reveal that the corrosion currents for uncoated SKD 61 and SKD 61 with 950℃TRD of Nb and V are much higher than that with 1000℃and 1050℃TRD of Nb and V. The worse corrosion resistance of the uncoated SKD 61 and SKD 61 with 950℃TRD increases the tendency of weight loss in the forced plastic fluid at high temperature in the molten plastic rotation testing. In addition, the coatings of TRD of Nb and V comprised V8C7, NbN, αFe(V), and Nb6C5 by XRD analysis.
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Chen, Leifone, and 陳黎峰. "Fault Injection Tool Development and Fault Analysis of a Pipeline Processor with Embedded Fault Detection Schemes." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22395357689973200147.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
89
In the deep sub-micron process age, the components, circuits are more and more on one chip, and the chip density is going high and more and more complex in a chip. The probability of fault event exist is going through high and the fault sensitivity is increased by high transistor density. How to estimate the fault sensitivity of one circuit, component, system and decide the fault tolerant strategy for circuit, component, system to improving the reliability of circuit, component, system is one question for IC design. The fault injection, fault simulation and fault analysis are the methods in the verification and testing phase. In currently working EDA tools, there is no released tool for fault simulation and fault analysis. How to integrate these two parts (simulation, analysis) and improve the functions for fault analysis is one implementation topic. To define the flow and environment of fault computing (fault injection, fault simulation and fault analysis) is a new research field. In current FTCS research results, there are many researches for fault detection schemes but only single detection technique in one research result. There is no integrated case for fault detection schemes, how to experiment with integrated case with several schemes and evaluate, verify the integrated case is a new research topic and challenge. In this thesis, we provide an experiment environment and flow (which user can define parameters in the flow) to simulate fault behavior and observe, analysis faults. There are three evaluated, verified fault detection schemes and integrated case in this thesis and it should be useful results for fault tolerant research.
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Monteiro, Álvaro Manuel da Silva. "Study and development of a software implemented fault injection plug-in for the Xception tool/powerPC 750." Dissertação, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/61611.
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Monteiro, Álvaro Manuel da Silva. "Study and development of a software implemented fault injection plug-in for the Xception tool/powerPC 750." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/61611.
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