Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ink layer

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ink layer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ink layer"

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He, Liu Xi, Guang Xue Chen, and Huan Mei Wang. "Effects of Paper on 3D Printing Quality in UV Ink-Jet Printing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.312.

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The experiment studied effects of paper on the height and glossiness of UV ink-jet 3D printing. The results showed that there all existed penetrations between the 1st ink layer and three kinds of paper, the bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the larger the penetration was, and penetration between the 1st ink and paper was obviously larger than that between two ink layers. Penetration between two ink layers was stable, almost not affected by paper. The bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the smaller the glossiness of ink layer was. There appeared directional ink strips on ink layer on three kinds of paper, beginning from the 3rd ink layer, there also appeared ink pits on ink layer on paper whose roughness and bulk were the biggest, which showed printer precision was also an important factor for the glossiness, apart from paper. Thus, the tight and smooth paper should be selected in UV ink-jet 3D printing. Before printing, pretreatment should be done to exclude the influence of the 1st ink layer and the ink strips.
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Li, Ying, Wen Juan Gu, and Bang Gui He. "Research on the Influence of Printing Pressure and Speed on Print Quality of Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.286.

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What happens in the paper surface about ink absorption is of great important for appearance of final printing. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on ink layer thickness transferred onto coated paper through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Meanwhile, the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on print density and print gloss were obtained. The results implied that higher printing pressure resulted in higher ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is less than 700N, but higher printing speed resulted in lower ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is constant. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high printing speed compared with low printing speed resulted in lower ink absorption, lower print density, lower print gloss and worse printability on the condition of same printing pressure.
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Lee, Jae-Young, Cheong-Soo Choi, Kwang-Taek Hwang, Kyu-Sung Han, Jin-Ho Kim, Sahn Nahm, and Bum-Seok Kim. "Optimization of Hybrid Ink Formulation and IPL Sintering Process for Ink-Jet 3D Printing." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051295.

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Ink-jet 3D printing technology facilitates the use of various materials of ink on each ink-jet head and simultaneous printing of multiple materials. It is suitable for manufacturing to process a complex multifunctional structure such as sensors and printed circuit boards. In this study, a complex structure of a SiO2 insulation layer and a conductive Cu layer was fabricated with photo-curable nano SiO2 ink and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL)-sinterable Cu nano ink using multi-material ink-jet 3D printing technology. A precise photo-cured SiO2 insulation layer was designed by optimizing the operating conditions and the ink rheological properties, and the resistance of the insulation layer was 2.43 × 1013 Ω·cm. On the photo-cured SiO2 insulation layer, a Cu conductive layer was printed by controlling droplet distance. The sintering of the IPL-sinterable nano Cu ink was performed using an IPL sintering process, and electrical and mechanical properties were confirmed according to the annealing temperature and applied voltage. Then, Cu conductive layer was annealed at 100 °C to remove the solvent, and IPL sintered at 700 V. The Cu conductive layer of the complex structure had an electrical property of 29 µΩ·cm and an adhesive property with SiO2 insulation layer of 5B.
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Pang, Ye Chi, Zhi Jie Li, and Li Lin Shi. "Study on Relationship of Ink Thickness and Color Saturation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.295.

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In the offset printing process, the amount of ink supplying of fountain directly affects plate ink thickness, thereby affecting the color quality on the printed sheet. Ink layer thickness is difficult to judge by human eye, but we can regulate the ink thickness by detecting the color saturation. This paper describes using complex spectrum spectrometer measured data ink layer thickness and color saturation, draw two graphs of complex spectrum saturation and CIE saturation. Due to the different definitions of saturation, Cause their sensitivity of layer thickness changes response different. Two sets of data shows that the complex spectrum saturation contrast ΔS1 significantly higher than CIE saturation contrast. The data also showed that the ink color performance in terms of the relationship between layer thickness and saturation has an inflection point, the inflection point in the ink film thickness about 4μm, after reaching inflection point, even if the ink layer thickness continues to increase, there will be no significant changes in the saturation.
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Shin, Wooseop, Jaemook Lim, Younggeun Lee, Sewoong Park, Hyeonseok Kim, Hyunmin Cho, Jaeho Shin, et al. "Shear-Assisted Laser Transfer of Metal Nanoparticle Ink to an Elastomer Substrate." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122511.

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Selective laser sintering of metal nanoparticle ink is an attractive technology for the creation of metal layers at the microscale without any vacuum deposition process, yet its application to elastomer substrates has remained a highly challenging task. To address this issue, we introduced the shear-assisted laser transfer of metal nanoparticle ink by utilizing the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the elastomer and the target metal electrode. The laser was focused and scanned across the absorbing metal nanoparticle ink layer that was in conformal contact with the elastomer with a high thermal expansion coefficient. The resultant shear stress at the interface assists the selective transfer of the sintered metal nanoparticle layer. We expect that the proposed method can be a competent fabrication route for a transparent conductor on elastomer substrates.
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Su, Lei, Hong Yan Chu, Li Gang Cai, and Jun Tao Zhao. "Research of Elastic Deformation of Rubber Ink Roller and Ink Flow Characteristics on Two Ink Rollers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1703.

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In order to improve the quality of colorful offset printing and know the process of ink transferring, this paper adopts the method of theoretical analysis and experiment, the velocity and pressure of the ink flow field are analyzed when the rubber roller deforms and the two rollers rotate, and the effective ink layer thickness is extracted, then the ink transferring rate can be got. The rubber roller’s deformation and ink transferring rate under different conditions are got, and factors, such as rotation velocity, deformation of rubber roller, ink layer thickness between two rollers, which affect the ink flow and transferring rate are analyzed.
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HAMADA, HITOMI, and DOUGLAS W. BOUSFIELD. "Nanofibrillated cellulose as a coating agent to improve print quality of synthetic fiber sheets." November 2010 9, no. 11 (December 1, 2010): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.11.25.

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To determine the potential of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) for use as a coating material, we studied the characteristics of several NFC-coated samples on a synthetic fiber sheet. We used two water-based printing methods to characterize the change in print quality and prepared two types of NFC by two different physical treatment methods. Various coat weights were applied onto synthetic fiber sheets, and the printability of the coated sheets was evaluated by ink absorption rates and print density. Ink pigment penetration was characterized with a confocal laser scanning microscope and a scanning electron microscope, with chemical analysis of samples using focused ion beam. The contact angle and the ink penetration rates decreased with increased coat weight of NFC. This result is the opposite of what the Lucas-Washburn equation would predict. For pigment-based flexographic inks, ink pigments were captured at the NFC layer. For dye-based inks, the ink components penetrated and moved through the NFC-coated layer. For ink-jet printing, the print quality improved with the NFC coating.
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Li, Ying, Wen Juan Gu, and Bei Hai He. "Relationship between Binder Content and Ink Absorption of Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.206.

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The ink penetration behavior depends on the coating surface structure and surface properties of the coating layer in the papermaking process, which include coating recipes and coating conditions, etc. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between binder content and ink absorption using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution in coated paper by LSCM. The results indicated that higher binder content could result in higher amount ink absorption. With the increasing of binder content, ink penetration depth in coated paper increased. Sample G2 with 20 parts binder produced the most unevenness ink distribution. It could be concluded that the coated paper with 25 parts binder compared with the other samples resulted in higher ink usage and better printing quality.
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Jin, Jiao, Huihui Ren, and Zhaoyue Liu. "Large-Area Patterning of Oil-Based Inks on Superhydrophobic TiO2 Nanotubular Layers by Photocatalytic Wettability Conversion." Catalysts 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2020): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101203.

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Patterning an oil-based ink on a solid surface based on a wettability difference is of significant importance for the application of offset printing. Herein, we describe a large-area patterning of oil-based ink on a self-organized TiO2 nanotubular layer based on a photocatalytic wettability conversion. The TiO2 nanotubular layer was fabricated by electrochemical anodization, which demonstrated a superhydrophobic wettability after modification with a self-assembled molecular layer. Subsequently, area-selective ultraviolet (UV) irradiation through a pre-designed pattern of water-based UV-resistant ink formed by an ink-jet technique was used to form a wettability difference. After removing the water-based ink, an oil-based ink was capable of depositing selectively on the superhydrophobic area to form the same pattern as the pre-designed pattern of water-based ink. This large-area patterning of an oil-based ink based on the photocatalytic wettability conversion is potentially applicable in offset printing.
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Park, Sewoong, Jinhyeong Kwon, Jaemook Lim, Wooseop Shin, Younggeun Lee, Habeom Lee, Hyun-Jong Kim, et al. "Micropatterning of Metal Nanoparticle Ink by Laser-Induced Thermocapillary Flow." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090645.

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Selective laser sintering of metal nanoparticle ink is a low-temperature and non-vacuum technique developed for the fabrication of patterned metal layer on arbitrary substrates, but its application to a metal layer composed of large metal area with small voids is very much limited due to the increase in scanning time proportional to the metal pattern density. For the facile manufacturing of such metal layer, we introduce micropatterning of metal nanoparticle ink based on laser-induced thermocapillary flow as a complementary process to the previous selective laser sintering process for metal nanoparticle ink. By harnessing the shear flow of the solvent at large temperature gradient, the metal nanoparticles are selectively pushed away from the scanning path to create metal nanoparticle free trenches. These trenches are confirmed to be stable even after the complete process owing to the presence of the accompanying ridges as well as the bump created along the scanning path. As a representative example of a metal layer with large metal area and small voids, dark-field photomask with Alphabetic letters are firstly created by the proposed method and it is then demonstrated that the corresponding letters can be successfully reproduced on the screen by an achromatic lens.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ink layer"

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Jacobs, Clayton Jeffrey. "Influence of catalyst ink mixing procedures on catalyst layer properties and in-situ PEMFC performance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22932.

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Despite the benefits of fuel cell technology its advancement to being commercially functional is hindered by a number of crucial factors. These factors are often associated with the lack of appropriate materials or manufacturing routes that would enable the cost of electricity per kWh to compete with existing technology. Whilst most research efforts have been directed towards developing more active catalysts, the amount of catalyst required in the fuel cell can be further reduced by improving the platinum utilisation in the membrane electrode assembly. The platinum utilisation is a strong function of the catalyst layer preparation step and there remains significant scope for optimisation of this step. Whereas significant work has been conducted into the different components of the catalyst ink there is limited work and understanding on the influence of the mixing method of the catalyst ink. This study will focus on the influence of the mixing technique on the catalyst ink properties and on the final fuel cell performance. Specifically, the study will investigate the effect of the three different mixing techniques on (i) catalyst ink quality (ii) the physical properties of the resultant catalyst layer and (iii) the in-situ electrochemical performance of the membrane electrode assembly. A large set of characterisation techniques were chosen to effectively study the step wise processing of the catalyst layer, and fuel cell performance. The results presented here include a comparison of the various mixing techniques and a comprehensive 2 x 2 factorial design into the individual techniques. The results suggest that high energy mixing is required for effective distribution of catalyst layer components, an even catalyst layer topography and a highly functional ionomer network which consequently, enhances performance. The mixing energy referred to involves prolonged mixing time, enhanced mixing intensity or a combination of the two. During bead milling of catalyst inks, high intensity mixing seems to be beneficial however, prolonged mixing time appears to be detrimental to the ionomer film structure. During high shear stirring and ultrasonic homogenisation of catalyst inks, the ink mixture significantly heats up. It has been observed that at higher temperatures, Nafion elongates and the contact with catalyst agglomerates is enhanced. High shear stirring of catalyst inks seems to be most effective at high agitation rates. High mixing energies result in high shear forces and in addition, high mixing temperatures which appear to be beneficial to establishing an effective catalyst/Nafion interface, enhancing the three phase boundary observed during in-situ testing. Ultrasonic homogenisation seems to be more effective at prolonged sonication times. Due to the erosive nature of ultrasonic dispersion, sufficient time is required to establish a well dispersed and distributed catalyst ink. However, the nature of particle size distribution resulting from ultrasonication shows that inks are unstable and is not recommended for high throughput processing. Overall, fuel cell performance is not significantly affected by the mixing step however; mixing does have an observable impact on catalyst layer formulation. Generally, when optimizing membrane electrode assembly fabrication, mixing parameters should be carefully chosen. This goes without saying that parameters need to be effectively studied before foregoing catalyst ink processing.
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Lutey, Adrian Hugh Alexander <1986&gt. "High-Speed Laser Processing of Thin Single and Multi-Layer Films." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5741/.

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Theoretical models are developed for the continuous-wave and pulsed laser incision and cut of thin single and multi-layer films. A one-dimensional steady-state model establishes the theoretical foundations of the problem by combining a power-balance integral with heat flow in the direction of laser motion. In this approach, classical modelling methods for laser processing are extended by introducing multi-layer optical absorption and thermal properties. The calculation domain is consequently divided in correspondence with the progressive removal of individual layers. A second, time-domain numerical model for the short-pulse laser ablation of metals accounts for changes in optical and thermal properties during a single laser pulse. With sufficient fluence, the target surface is heated towards its critical temperature and homogeneous boiling or "phase explosion" takes place. Improvements are seen over previous works with the more accurate calculation of optical absorption and shielding of the incident beam by the ablation products. A third, general time-domain numerical laser processing model combines ablation depth and energy absorption data from the short-pulse model with two-dimensional heat flow in an arbitrary multi-layer structure. Layer removal is the result of both progressive short-pulse ablation and classical vaporisation due to long-term heating of the sample. At low velocity, pulsed laser exposure of multi-layer films comprising aluminium-plastic and aluminium-paper are found to be characterised by short-pulse ablation of the metallic layer and vaporisation or degradation of the others due to thermal conduction from the former. At high velocity, all layers of the two films are ultimately removed by vaporisation or degradation as the average beam power is increased to achieve a complete cut. The transition velocity between the two characteristic removal types is shown to be a function of the pulse repetition rate. An experimental investigation validates the simulation results and provides new laser processing data for some typical packaging materials.
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Taddia, Sara <1986&gt. "Effect of Laser Shock Peening on Fatigue Crack Propagation of Aeronautical Structures." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7130/.

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Laser Shock Peening (LSP) is a surface enhancement treatment which induces a significant layer of beneficial compressive residual stresses up to several mm underneath the surface of metal components in order to improve the detrimental effects of crack growth behavior rate in it. The aim of this thesis is to predict the crack growth behavior of thin Aluminum specimens with one or more LSP stripes defining a compressive residual stress area. The LSP treatment has been applied as crack retardation stripes perpendicular to the crack growing direction, with the objective of slowing down the crack when approaching the LSP patterns. Different finite element approaches have been implemented to predict the residual stress field left by the laser treatment, mostly by means of the commercial software Abaqus/Explicit. The Afgrow software has been used to predict the crack growth behavior of the component following the laser peening treatment and to detect the improvement in fatigue life comparing to the specimen baseline. Furthermore, an analytical model has been implemented on the Matlab software to make more accurate predictions on fatigue life of the treated components. An educational internship at the Research and Technologies Germany- Hamburg department of Airbus helped to achieve knowledge and experience to write this thesis. The main tasks of the thesis are the following: -To up to date Literature Survey related to laser shock peening in metallic structures -To validate the FE models developed against experimental measurements at coupon level -To develop design of crack growth slow down in centered and edge cracked tension specimens based on residual stress engineering approach using laser peened patterns transversal to the crack path -To predict crack growth behavior of thin aluminum panels -To validate numerical and analytical results by means of experimental tests.
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Ascari, Alessandro <1974&gt. "Giunzione mediante laser di materiali difficili, ibridi ed a struttura cellulare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6358/.

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Lo studio presentato in questa sede concerne applicazioni di saldatura LASER caratterizzate da aspetti di non-convenzionalità ed è costituito da tre filoni principali. Nel primo ambito di intervento è stata valutata la possibilità di effettuare saldature per fusione, con LASER ad emissione continua, su pannelli Aluminum Foam Sandwich e su tubi riempiti in schiuma di alluminio. Lo studio ha messo in evidenza numerose linee operative riguardanti le problematiche relative alla saldatura delle pelli esterne dei componenti ed ha dimostrato la fattibilità relativa ad un approccio di giunzione LASER integrato (saldatura seguita da un post trattamento termico) per la realizzazione della giunzione completa di particolari tubolari riempiti in schiuma con ripristino della struttura cellulare all’interfaccia di giunzione. Il secondo ambito di intervento è caratterizzato dall’applicazione di una sorgente LASER di bassissima potenza, operante in regime ad impulsi corti, nella saldatura di acciaio ad elevato contenuto di carbonio. Lo studio ha messo in evidenza come questo tipo di sorgente, solitamente applicata per lavorazioni di ablazione e marcatura, possa essere applicata anche alla saldatura di spessori sub-millimetrici. In questa fase è stato messo in evidenza il ruolo dei parametri di lavoro sulla conformazione del giunto ed è stata definita l’area di fattibilità del processo. Lo studio è stato completato investigando la possibilità di applicare un trattamento LASER dopo saldatura per addolcire le eventuali zone indurite. In merito all’ultimo ambito di intervento l’attività di studio si è focalizzata sull’utilizzo di sorgenti ad elevata densità di potenza (60 MW/cm^2) nella saldatura a profonda penetrazione di acciai da costruzione. L’attività sperimentale e di analisi dei risultati è stata condotta mediante tecniche di Design of Experiment per la valutazione del ruolo preciso di tutti i parametri di processo e numerose considerazioni relative alla formazione di cricche a caldo sono state suggerite.
This dissertation concerns LASER-based joining and welding applications characterized by non-conventional prerogatives. The work is divided into three main topics: LASER joining of hybrid cellular-structured materials, with particular attention to aluminum foam sandwiches and foam-cored tubes, short-pulse LASER micro welding of high carbon steels and high power density continuous wave LASER welding of structural steels. The first topic investigates the role of LASER in joining hybrid components characterized by an external dense skin and an internal foam core. In particular the possibility of achieving both the fusion welding of the skin and the restoration of the cellular structure at the welding interface is assessed and the main guidelines concerning an integrated LASER welding - LASER heat treatment processing cycle are suggested. The second topic deals with the application of a low-power nanosecond pulsed LASER source in welding high carbon steels. The study points out that an accurate selection of pulse-related parameters allows to achieve sound micro-joints characterized by a penetration between 20 and 200 microns. These results point out the possibility to consider the construction of integrated LASER manufacturing cells in which, with the same low-cost source and on the same workpiece positioning, welding, cutting, marking and texturing processes can be performed. The study is completed by the investigation of the possibility to carry out a LASER post welding heat treatment for annealing the eventual hardened zones occurring in the welded material. The last topic deals with high power density LASER welding of carbon steels: by exploiting a high brilliance fiber source, capable of achieving 60 MW/cm^2, high penetration weld beads were obtained. By means of Design of Experiment techniques the role of radiation power, welding speed and beam focal position is assessed and several considerations were made concerning the influence of this kind of process on hot cracks formation.
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Molesini, Ambra <1980&gt. "Meta-models, environment and layers: agent-oriented engineering of complex systems." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/930/.

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Traditional software engineering approaches and metaphors fall short when applied to areas of growing relevance such as electronic commerce, enterprise resource planning, and mobile computing: such areas, in fact, generally call for open architectures that may evolve dynamically over time so as to accommodate new components and meet new requirements. This is probably one of the main reasons that the agent metaphor and the agent-oriented paradigm are gaining momentum in these areas. This thesis deals with the engineering of complex software systems in terms of the agent paradigm. This paradigm is based on the notions of agent and systems of interacting agents as fundamental abstractions for designing, developing and managing at runtime typically distributed software systems. However, today the engineer often works with technologies that do not support the abstractions used in the design of the systems. For this reason the research on methodologies becomes the basic point in the scientific activity. Currently most agent-oriented methodologies are supported by small teams of academic researchers, and as a result, most of them are in an early stage and still in the first context of mostly \academic" approaches for agent-oriented systems development. Moreover, such methodologies are not well documented and very often defined and presented only by focusing on specific aspects of the methodology. The role played by meta- models becomes fundamental for comparing and evaluating the methodologies. In fact a meta-model specifies the concepts, rules and relationships used to define methodologies. Although it is possible to describe a methodology without an explicit meta-model, formalising the underpinning ideas of the methodology in question is valuable when checking its consistency or planning extensions or modifications. A good meta-model must address all the different aspects of a methodology, i.e. the process to be followed, the work products to be generated and those responsible for making all this happen. In turn, specifying the work products that must be developed implies dening the basic modelling building blocks from which they are built. As a building block, the agent abstraction alone is not enough to fully model all the aspects related to multi-agent systems in a natural way. In particular, different perspectives exist on the role that environment plays within agent systems: however, it is clear at least that all non-agent elements of a multi-agent system are typically considered to be part of the multi-agent system environment. The key role of environment as a first-class abstraction in the engineering of multi-agent system is today generally acknowledged in the multi-agent system community, so environment should be explicitly accounted for in the engineering of multi-agent system, working as a new design dimension for agent-oriented methodologies. At least two main ingredients shape the environment: environment abstractions - entities of the environment encapsulating some functions -, and topology abstractions - entities of environment that represent the (either logical or physical) spatial structure. In addition, the engineering of non-trivial multi-agent systems requires principles and mechanisms for supporting the management of the system representation complexity. These principles lead to the adoption of a multi-layered description, which could be used by designers to provide different levels of abstraction over multi-agent systems. The research in these fields has lead to the formulation of a new version of the SODA methodology where environment abstractions and layering principles are exploited for en- gineering multi-agent systems.
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Sato, Taku. "Laser assisted ink consolidation for Direct Write Component Fabrication." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540068.

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Коротенко, Олена Володимирівна. "Технологічне забезпечення якості банкнот під час металографічного друку." Thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/21718.

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Дисертаційна робота присвячена встановленню закономірностей впливу технологічних факторів металографічного друку на якість відбитків. Для виконання роботи було використано профілометричні методи дослідження поверхні зразків (механічна, оптична профілометрія); мікроскопічні методи дослідження поверхні та мікротомних зрізів зразків; органолептично-експертний метод тактильної дискримінації зразків; експертний аналіз якості зразків. Розроблено узагальнену ієрархічну модель формування якості відбитків у процесі металографічного друку, розроблено комплекс моделей залежності якості відбитків від технологічних факторів, експериментально підтверджено характер залежності формування фарбового рельєфу від параметрів друкарської форми та факторів друкарського процесу. Також у роботі здійснено моделювання впливу теплообмінних процесів та інерційності процесу на процес формування фарбового шару та моделювання впливу профілю тиску у друкарському контакті та виду профілю гравійованих елементів форми на процес проникнення та розподіл фарби в об’ємі паперу.
Intaglio printing is one of the basic methods for protection of the strict accounting documents, in particular banknotes, all over the world. The peculiarity of this printing method is the possibility to form the strokes with different ink layer thickness (up to 320 microns) on the prints. It provides identification of the authenticity of the strict accounting documents by the public, including visually impaired people. But there is the paucity of theoretical and practical developments regarding the intaglio printing. Thus, the determination of the principles of the ink layer formation and its dependence on the influence of technological parameters of the process to provide high quality of intaglio printing is an topical scientific and technical task. The dissertation is devoted to establish the regularities of the influence of the intaglio printing technological factors on the prints quality. The generalized hierarchical model of prints quality forming, based on a detailed analysis of professional literature and scientific sources, was developed. A group of quality indicators and the main technological factors that influence prints quality were determined for the generalized hierarchical model of prints quality forming. The phenomenological model of intaglio ink transferring was developed and a mathematical description of physical processes, occurring during intaglio ink transferring, was made. Thus, the basic technological parameters that influence the prints quality were determined. It was found that the most effective factors that influence the quality of the ink relief forming are the geometric parameters of the plate as well as the technological print parameters, such as print pressure and print speed. The model of intaglio ink penetration and its distribution during intaglio printing was created. It allowed to investigate how the pressure that acts throughout the printing contact can influence the ink penetration depth. The modeling of the influence of heat exchange processes and the inertia of the process on the intaglio ink layer formation was carried out. These models explained the cause of asymmetry of the cross-sectional shape of strokes obtained by the intaglio printing. The results of modeling are confirmed by experimental research which was carried out with using of the developed method of determination of the generalized quality index of intaglio printing. The determination of the index is based on surface profilometric and microscopic analyses as well as on organoleptic and visual analyses of prints. The method allowed to increase the objectivity of quality evaluating and detect the regularities of the influence of the technological process parameters on the intaglio prints quality parameters. Based on the experimental study results, it was recommended to use a printing plate with the engraved elements of a rectangular profile or trapezoidal profile with an angle of 75 degrees and the element width to depth ratio of more than 1.3 times. It was also recommended to use reduced printing speed and high pressure in printing nip. The correlation analysis of the dependence of the generalized quality index on technological factors was made. As a result, the ranking of the factors on the weight of their influence was carried out. These conclusions became the basis for the recommendations given to the NBU Banknote Printing and Minting Works. The recommendations were aimed at ensuring the quality of the intaglio printing which is produced by the plates made by direct laser engraving. The system of technological assurance of banknotes quality in the process of intaglio printing was developed. As a basis for the system, the developed software for determining of the dependence of the quality printing parameters on technological factors as well as the software for determining of the ink layer thickness were used. By using this system in the manufacturing it is possible to improve the autonomy of the prints quality control process and to normalize the reproduction.
Диссертация посвящена установлению закономерностей влияния технологических факторов металлографской печати на качество оттисков. Для выполнения работы были использованы профилометрические методы исследования поверхности образцов (механическая, оптическая профилометрия) микроскопические методы исследования поверхности и микротомальных срезов образцов; органолептическо-экспертный метод тактильной дискриминации образцов; экспертный анализ качества образцов. В результате работы была разработана обобщенная иерархическая модель формирования качества оттисков в процессе металлографской печати, разработан комплекс моделей зависимости качества оттисков от технологических факторов, экспериментально подтвержден характер зависимости формирования красочного рельефа от параметров печатной формы и факторов печатного процесса. Также в работе осуществлено моделирование влияния теплообменных процессов и инерционности процесса на процесс формирования красочного слоя и моделирования влияния профиля давления в печатном контакте и вида профиля гравированных элементов формы на процесс проникновения и распределение краски в структуре бумаги.
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Stavrinou, Paul Nicholas. "A study of InP-based strained layer heterostructures." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261711.

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Bonifacio, Rafael Nogueira. "Desenvolvimento de processo de produção de conjuntos eletrodo-membrana-eletrodo para células a combustível baseadas no uso de membrana polimérica condutora de prótons (PEMFC) por impressão a tela." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-29082011-151940/.

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Energia é um recurso que historicamente apresenta tendência de crescimento de demanda. Projeções indicam que, para suprir as necessidades energéticas do futuro, será necessário um uso massivo do hidrogênio como combustível. O uso de sistemas de célula a combustível baseada no uso de membrana polimérica condutora de prótons (PEMFC) tem características que permitem sua aplicação para geração de energia elétrica em aplicações estacionárias, automotivas e portáteis. O uso de hidrogênio como combustível para PEMFC apresenta a vantagem de resultar em baixa emissão de poluentes quando comparado às dos combustíveis fósseis. Para que ocorram as reações em uma PEMFC é necessária a construção de conjuntos eletrodo-membrana-eletrodo (MEA), sendo o processo de produção de MEAs e os materiais utilizados, relevantes no custo final do kW instalado para geração de energia por sistemas de célula a combustível, o que é, atualmente, uma barreira tecnológica e financeira para a aplicação em grande escala desta tecnologia. Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um processo de produção de MEAs por impressão a tela que apresenta alta reprodutibilidade, rapidez e baixo custo. Foram desenvolvidos o processo de impressão a tela e a composição de uma tinta precursora da camada catalisadora (TPCC), que permitem o preparo de eletrodos para confecção de MEAs com a aplicação da massa exata de eletrocatalisador adequada para cátodos 0,6 miligramas de platina por centímetro quadrados (mgPt.cm-2) e ânodos 0,4 mgPt.cm-2 em apenas uma aplicação por eletrodo. A TPCC foi desenvolvida, produzida, aplicada e caracterizada, apresentando características semelhantes a de tintas de impressão a tela para outras aplicações. Os MEAs produzidos apresentaram desempenho de até 712 mA.cm-2 a 600 mV para MEAs de 25 cm2 e o custo para produção de MEAs de 247,86 cm2 capazes de gerar 1 kW de energia foi estimado em R$ 13.939,45, considerando custo de equipamentos, materiais e mão de obra.
Energy is a resource that presents historical trend of growth in demand. Projections indicate that future energy needs will require a massive use of hydrogen as fuel. The use of systems based on the use of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has features that allow its application for stationary applications, automotive and portable power generation. The use of hydrogen as fuel for PEMFC has the advantage low pollutants emission, when compared to fossil fuels. For the reactions in a PEMFC is necessary to build membrane electrode assembly (MEA). And the production of MEAs and its materials are relevant to the final cost of kW of power generated by systems of fuel cell. This represent currently a technological and financial barriers to large-scale application of this technology. In this work a process of MEAs fabrication were developed that showed high reproducibility, rapidity and low cost by sieve printing. The process of sieve printing and the ink composition as a precursor to the catalyst layer were developed, which allow the preparation of electrodes for MEAs fabrication with the implementation of the exact catalyst loading, 0.6 milligrams of platinum per square centimeters (mgPt.cm-2) suitable for cathodes and 0.4 mgPt.cm-2 for anode in only one application step per electrode. The ink was developed, produced, characterized and used with similar characteristics to ink of sieve printing build for other applications. The MEAs produced had a performance of up to 712 mA.cm-2 by 600 mV to 25 cm2 MEA area. The MEA cost production for MEAs of 247.86 cm2, that can generate 1 kilowatt of energy was estimated to US$ 7,744.14 including cost of equipment, materials and labor.
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Mosiadz, Mariusz. "Inkjet printing of buffer and superconducting layers for YBa₂Cu₃O₇₋x coated conductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610415.

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Books on the topic "Ink layer"

1

Forgione, Dana. Laser Logos, Inc. Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1994.

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Erasing the ink: Getting rid of your tattoo. New York: Rosen Pub., 2012.

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Price, W. F. Laser surveying. London: Van Nostrand Reinhold (International), 1989.

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Lawyer Lincoln. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1994.

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Berlien, H. Peter, and Gerhard J. Müller. Applied laser medicine. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

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Alexandre, Dumas. Ten years later. Amsterdam: Fredonia Books, 2001.

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Later Chinese painting and calligraphy, 1800-1950. New York: Random House, 1987.

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Ellsworth, Robert Hatfield. Later Chinese painting and calligraphy, 1800-1950. New York: Random House, 1986.

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Lincoln the lawyer. Littleton, Colo: F.B. Rothman, 1986.

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Hill, Frederick Trevor. Lincoln, the lawyer. Holmes Beach, Fla: Gaunt, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ink layer"

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Mauro, A. De Girolamo Del, F. Loffredo, G. Burrasca, E. Massera, G. Di Francia, and D. Della Sala. "Effect of the Layer Geometry on Ink-Jet Sensor Device Perfomances." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 89–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3606-3_14.

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Wu, Zhengneng, Shisheng Zhou, Wenlong Zhao, Bin Du, Yan Zhang, Shangjie Jiang, and Bin Deng. "Coloring of Aluminum Powder Based on Double-Layer Coated Waterborne Silver Ink." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 689–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7629-9_85.

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Zhao, Wenlong, Shisheng Zhou, and Zhengneng Wu. "Double-Layer Corrosion Protection of Aluminium Pigments Applied in Water-Based Silver Ink." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 893–902. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3530-2_110.

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Bäuerle, Dieter. "Adsorbed Layers, Laser—MBE." In Advanced Texts in Physics, 429–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04074-4_20.

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Schneede, P., U. Müller-Lisse, R. Muschter, and A. Hofstetter. "Kernspintomographie zur Darstellung laserinduzierter Prostataveränderungen durch ILK." In Laser in der Medizin / Laser in Medicine, 32–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80264-5_7.

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Sarel, Bernard, and Michal Irani. "Separating Transparent Layers through Layer Information Exchange." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 328–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24673-2_27.

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Xia, Peng, and Carl-Philipp Heisenberg. "Quantifying in the Granulosa Layer After Laser Surgery." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 117–28. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0970-5_10.

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Krüger, Jörg, Wolfgang Kautek, Markus Staub, and Günther G. Scherer. "Femotosecond-Pulse Laser Micromachining of Metal Layer Composites." In Laser in Forschung und Technik / Laser in Research and Engineering, 966–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80263-8_193.

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Pietsch, Ullrich, Václav Holý, and Tilo Baumbach. "Determination of Layer Thicknesses of Single Layers and Multilayers." In Advanced Texts in Physics, 143–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4050-9_8.

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Rosenbaum, Corinna, Martina Böttner, Thilo Wedel, and Marco Metzger. "Laser-Capture Microdissection for Layer-Specific Analysis of Enteric Ganglia." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 361–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7558-7_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ink layer"

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Baronia, Shrikant, and Anoop Namboodiri. "Ink-Bleed Reduction Using Layer Separation." In 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2013.50.

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Lu, Lu, Jian Zheng, and Sandipan Mishra. "A Model-Based Layer-to-Layer Control Algorithm for Ink-Jet 3D Printing." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-5914.

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Ink-jet 3D printing is a promising technology for additive manufacturing, with the potential for impacting a wide variety of industries. In traditional ink-jet 3D printing, the part is built up by depositing droplets layer upon layer in an open-loop manner. Droplet and edge dimensions are typically predicted experimentally and are assumed to remain constant through the printing process. However, there is no guarantee of consistent droplet shape and dimensions or the smoothness of the finished parts due to uncertainties in the manufacturing process. To address this issue, we propose a model-based feedback control law for ink-jet 3D printing that uses a height sensor for measuring profile height after each layer for determining the appropriate layer patterns for subsequent layers. Towards this goal, a simple model describing the relationship between profile height change and droplet deposition in the layer building process is first proposed and experimentally identified. Based on this model, a closed-loop layer-to-layer control algorithm is then developed for the ink-jet printing process. Specifically, the proposed algorithm uses a model prediction control algorithm to minimize the difference between the predicted height and the desired height and the predicted surface unevenness after a fixed number of layers. Experimental results show that the algorithm is able to achieve more consistent shapes between layers, reduced edge shrinking of the part, and smoother surface of the top layer.
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Guo, Yijie, and Sandipan Mishra. "A predictive control algorithm for layer-to-layer ink-jet 3D printing." In 2016 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525017.

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Kyrychok, Tetiana, and Olena Korotenko. "3D light interferometry investigation of ink layer formation during intaglio printing." In Fourteenth International Conference on Correlation Optics, edited by Oleg V. Angelsky. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2553475.

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Meijun Sun, Zheng Wang, Gaojun Ren, and Liangeng Zhao. "Multi-layer rendering based Chinese Ink-Wash Painting styled 3D generation." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5690195.

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Nomura, Kenji, and Kikuo Hayama. "Thermal transfer ink sheet with supercooling wax layer for lusterless plain-paper printing." In SC - DL tentative, edited by Joseph Gaynor. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.19830.

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Lall, Pradeep, Jinesh Narangaparambil, Ved Soni, and Scott Miller. "Development of Process-Recipes for Multi-Layer Circuitry Printing With Z-Axis Interconnects Using Aerosol-Jet Nanoparticle Ink." In ASME 2020 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2020-2664.

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Abstract Flexible electronics is a rapid emerging trend in consumer-electronics with ever-increasing applications showing feasibility of functionality with flexibility. Aerosol Jet printing technology has gained rapid acceptance for additive printing owing to non-contact deposition and ability to print on non-planar surfaces. Prior work on aerosol-jet print processes primarily focuses on single-layer printing, taking into account different parameters such as mass flow, line width, sintering conditions, and overspray. Flexible PCBs in complex applications are envisioned to be multi-layered, involving stacking of interconnections and connection between successive layers through use of z-axis connections. Aerosol-jet printing method allows the printing of interconnections with a number of inks including silver, copper, and carbon with fine lines and spaces in neighborhood of 10μm. Process recipes for manufacturing multilayer circuits and system scale-up methods are required. The objective of the paper is to establish process-recipes for z-axis interconnects and quantify process variability with Aerosol-jet print process needed for high volume scale-up. Conductive interconnects have been printed using the ultrasonic atomizer and the interlayer dielectrics have been printed using the pneumatic atomizer. The effect of thermal sintering on the performance of the printed circuits has been quantified through measurements of interconnect resistance and shear load to failure. This paper explores the printing of multi-layer upto 8 conductive layers. Sintering profile for lower resistance per unit length and higher shear load to failure was tested.
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Jariwala, Akshay, Tapas K. Chaudhuri, Aditi Toshniwal, Sanjay Patel, Vipul Kheraj, and Abhijit Ray. "SnS2 films deposited from molecular ink as Cd-free alternative buffer layer for solar cells." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE APPLICATIONS: NECSA 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5035228.

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Volf, Jaromir, Jan Stebila, Marek Skerik, Vladimir Ryzenko, and Viktor Novak. "Dependency of properties of a tactile sensor on the electrode design and conductive ink layer." In 2020 23rd International Symposium on Measurement and Control in Robotics (ISMCR). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismcr51255.2020.9263774.

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Lee, Jung Eun, Hong Tak Kim, and Chinho Park. "Characterization of Na-doped CuInS2 thin film absorber layer formed by a non-vacuum ink process." In 2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2011.6186194.

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Reports on the topic "Ink layer"

1

Rigotti, Christophe, and Mohand-Saïd Hacid. Representing and Reasoning on Conceptual Queries Over Image Databases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.89.

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The problem of content management of multimedia data types (e.g., image, video, graphics) is becoming increasingly important with the development of advanced multimedia applications. Traditional database management systems are inadequate for the handling of such data types. They require new techniques for query formulation, retrieval, evaluation, and navigation. In this paper we develop a knowledge-based framework for modeling and retrieving image data by content. To represent the various aspects of an image object's characteristics, we propose a model which consists of three layers: (1) Feature and Content Layer, intended to contain image visual features such as contours, shapes,etc.; (2) Object Layer, which provides the (conceptual) content dimension of images; and (3) Schema Layer, which contains the structured abstractions of images, i.e., a general schema about the classes of objects represented in the object layer. We propose two abstract languages on the basis of description logics: one for describing knowledge of the object and schema layers, and the other, more expressive, for making queries. Queries can refer to the form dimension (i.e., information of the Feature and Content Layer) or to the content dimension (i.e., information of the Object Layer). These languages employ a variable free notation, and they are well suited for the design, verification and complexity analysis of algorithms. As the amount of information contained in the previous layers may be huge and operations performed at the Feature and Content Layer are time-consuming, resorting to the use of materialized views to process and optimize queries may be extremely useful. For that, we propose a formal framework for testing containment of a query in a view expressed in our query language. The algorithm we propose is sound and complete and relatively efficient.
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Rigotti, Christophe, and Mohand-Saïd Hacid. Representing and Reasoning on Conceptual Queries Over Image Databases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.89.

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The problem of content management of multimedia data types (e.g., image, video, graphics) is becoming increasingly important with the development of advanced multimedia applications. Traditional database management systems are inadequate for the handling of such data types. They require new techniques for query formulation, retrieval, evaluation, and navigation. In this paper we develop a knowledge-based framework for modeling and retrieving image data by content. To represent the various aspects of an image object's characteristics, we propose a model which consists of three layers: (1) Feature and Content Layer, intended to contain image visual features such as contours, shapes,etc.; (2) Object Layer, which provides the (conceptual) content dimension of images; and (3) Schema Layer, which contains the structured abstractions of images, i.e., a general schema about the classes of objects represented in the object layer. We propose two abstract languages on the basis of description logics: one for describing knowledge of the object and schema layers, and the other, more expressive, for making queries. Queries can refer to the form dimension (i.e., information of the Feature and Content Layer) or to the content dimension (i.e., information of the Object Layer). These languages employ a variable free notation, and they are well suited for the design, verification and complexity analysis of algorithms. As the amount of information contained in the previous layers may be huge and operations performed at the Feature and Content Layer are time-consuming, resorting to the use of materialized views to process and optimize queries may be extremely useful. For that, we propose a formal framework for testing containment of a query in a view expressed in our query language. The algorithm we propose is sound and complete and relatively efficient.
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3

Nantung, Tommy E., Jusang Lee, John E. Haddock, M. Reza Pouranian, Dario Batioja Alvarez, Jongmyung Jeon, Boonam Shin, and Peter J. Becker. Structural Evaluation of Full-Depth Flexible Pavement Using APT. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317319.

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The fundamentals of rutting behavior for thin full-depth flexible pavements (i.e., asphalt thickness less than 12 inches) are investigated in this study. The scope incorporates an experimental study using full-scale Accelerated Pavement Tests (APTs) to monitor the evolution of each pavement structural layer's transverse profiles. The findings were then employed to verify the local rutting model coefficients used in the current pavement design method, the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Four APT sections were constructed using two thin typical pavement structures (seven-and ten-inches thick) and two types of surface course material (dense-graded and SMA). A mid-depth rut monitoring and automated laser profile systems were designed to reconstruct the transverse profiles at each pavement layer interface throughout the process of accelerated pavement deterioration that is produced during the APT. The contributions of each pavement structural layer to rutting and the evolution of layer deformation were derived. This study found that the permanent deformation within full-depth asphalt concrete significantly depends upon the pavement thickness. However, once the pavement reaches sufficient thickness (more than 12.5 inches), increasing the thickness does not significantly affect the permanent deformation. Additionally, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with a dense-graded Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) surface course, most pavement rutting is caused by the deformation of the asphalt concrete, with about half the rutting amount observed within the top four inches of the pavement layers. However, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with an SMA surface course, most pavement rutting comes from the closet sublayer to the surface, i.e., the intermediate layer. The accuracy of the MEPDG’s prediction models for thin full-depth asphalt pavement was evaluated using some statistical parameters, including bias, the sum of squared error, and the standard error of estimates between the predicted and actual measurements. Based on the statistical analysis (at the 95% confidence level), no significant difference was found between the version 2.3-predicted and measured rutting of total asphalt concrete layer and subgrade for thick and thin pavements.
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Qamhia, Issam, Erol Tutumluer, and Han Wang. Aggregate Subgrade Improvements Using Quarry By-products: A Field Investigation. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-017.

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This report presents a case study for constructing aggregate subgrade improvement (ASI) layers using quarry by-product aggregates (QBA), a quarry mix of large primary crushed rocks (PCR) and sand-sized quarry fines. The construction took place at Larry Power Road in Bourbonnais Township in Kankakee County, Illinois, where the Illinois Department of Transportation placed two QBA mixes. The first mix (QBA_M1) consisted of 45% quarry by-products and 55% railroad ballast–sized 3×1 PCR. The second mix (QBA_M2) consisted of 31% and 69% quarry by-products and PCR, respectively. Two conventional ASI sections were also constructed conforming to Illinois Department of Transportation’s CS02 gradation. All sections consisted of a 9 in. (229 mm) QBA/PCR layer topped with a 3 in. (76 mm) dense-graded capping layer. Laboratory studies preceded the construction to recommend optimum quarry by-product content in the QBA materials and construction practice. The Illinois Center for Transportation research team monitored the quality and uniformity of the construction using nondestructive testing techniques such as dynamic cone penetrometer, lightweight deflectometer, and falling weight deflectometer. The segregation potential was monitored by visual inspection and imaging-based techniques. Short-term field evaluation of the constructed QBA layers, particularly QBA_M2 with a 31% quarry by-product content, showed no evidence of abnormal segregation and did not jeopardize the structural integrity of the QBA ASI layers, which had slightly lower but comparable strength and stiffness profiles to the conventional ASI sections. The use of QBA materials in ASI was field validated as a sustainable construction practice to provide stable pavement foundation layers.
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5

Shixhiao, Le. Laser Glittering in the Relatively Stable Propagation Layer Near the Sea Surface. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada246374.

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6

DeSantis, John, and Jeffery Roesler. Performance Evaluation of Stabilized Support Layers for Concrete Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-003.

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A research investigation was conducted on the erosion potential of stabilized subbases under concrete pavements and asphalt layers supporting concrete overlays. Through field surveys and testing in Illinois, this project evaluated if existing concrete pavements with stabilized subbases and concrete overlays were exhibiting potential erosion of the underlying support layer. The field evaluation testing included falling weight deflectometer testing, distress surveys, coring, and ultrasonic tomography scanning. A laboratory performance test was also established using the Hamburg wheel-tracking device to assess the erodibility of the various stabilized subbase layers for new construction and existing asphalt layers available for a concrete overlay. The analyzed field test results were coupled together with the laboratory performance testing to provide recommendations for updating the Illinois Department of Transportation’s “Bureau of Design and Environment Manual” guidance. No changes were recommended for hot-mix asphalt stabilized subbases, but testing using the Hamburg wheel-tracking device should be considered for Portland cement concrete stabilized support layers (e.g., CAM II) under concrete pavements. For testing of asphalt support layers for concrete pavement overlays, the Hamburg wheel-tracking device is recommended with performance criteria similar to flexible pavements for appropriate functional classes.
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7

Grossir, Guillaume. On the design of quiet hypersonic wind tunnels. Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35294/tm57.

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This document presents a thorough literature review on the development of hypersonic quiet tunnels. The concept of boundary layer transition in high-speed flows is presented first. Its consequences on the free-stream turbulence levels in ground facilities are reviewed next, demonstrating that running boundary layers along the nozzle walls must remain laminar for quiet operation. The design key points that enable laminar boundary layers and hypersonic operation with low free-stream noise levels are then identified and discussed. The few quiet facilities currently operating through the world are also presented, along with their design characteristics and performances. The expected characteristics and performances of a European quiet tunnel are also discussed, along with flow characterization methodologies and different measurement techniques. It is finally shown that the required expertise to establish the first European quiet hypersonic wind tunnel is mostly at hand.
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8

Delettrez, J., D. Bradley, P. Jaanimagi, and C. Verdon. Effect of barrier layers in burn-through experiments with 351-nm laser illumination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7016007.

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9

Thembeka Ncube, Ayanda, and Antonio Bobet. Use of Recycled Asphalt. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317316.

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The term Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is used to designate a material obtained from the removal of pavement materials. RAP is used across the US in multiple applications, largely on asphalt pavement layers. RAP can be described as a uniform granular non-plastic material, with a very low percentage of fines. It is formed by aggregate coated with a thin layer of asphalt. It is often used mixed with other granular materials. The addition of RAP to aggregates decreases the maximum dry unit weight of the mixture and decreases the optimum water content. It also increases the Resilient Modulus of the blend but decreases permeability. RAP can be used safely, as it does not pose any environmental concerns. The most important disadvantage of RAP is that it displays significant creep. It seems that this is caused by the presence of the asphaltic layer coating the aggregate. Creep increases with pressure and with temperature and decreases with the degree of compaction. Creep can be mitigated by either blending RAP with aggregate or by stabilization with chemical compounds. Fly ash and cement have shown to decrease, albeit not eliminate, the amount of creep. Mechanical stabilizing agents such as geotextiles may also be used.
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Reid, Jeffrey S., Douglas L. Westphal, Richard M. Paulus, Si-Chee Tsay, and Alexander Van Eijk. Preliminary Evaluation of the Impacts of Aerosol Particles on Laser Performance in the Coastal Marine Boundary Layer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425811.

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