Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ink particles

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ink particles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ink particles"

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Wang, Jing, Yaqing Feng, and Xianggao Li. "Preparation and Characterization of Coloured Polymer Particles for Electronic Ink." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 2 (February 2017): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500206.

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A new coloured polymer particle was prepared, in which chromophoric groups were introduced onto the surface of the polymer particle for use in electronic ink. The structure, morphology and thermal stability of polymer electrophoretic particles were characterized using FTIR, solid state 13C-NMR, SEM and TGA. Electrophoretic mobility measurements proved that the polymer particles had negative charges in the electrophoretic dispersion medium. Electronic ink microcapsules containing the polymer particles were prepared by coacervation. The polymer particles had a reversible electric response in the microcapsules under a DC electric field.
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Grant, Colin A., Peter C. Twigg, Richard Baker, and Desmond J. Tobin. "Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (May 20, 2015): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.120.

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Tattooing has long been practised in various societies all around the world and is becoming increasingly common and widespread in the West. Tattoo ink suspensions unquestionably contain pigments composed of nanoparticles, i.e., particles of sub-100 nm dimensions. It is widely acknowledged that nanoparticles have higher levels of chemical activity than their larger particle equivalents. However, assessment of the toxicity of tattoo inks has been the subject of little research and ink manufacturers are not obliged to disclose the exact composition of their products. This study examines tattoo ink particles in two fundamental skin components at the nanometre level. We use atomic force microscopy and light microscopy to examine cryosections of tattooed skin, exploring the collagen fibril networks in the dermis that contain ink nanoparticles. Further, we culture fibroblasts in diluted tattoo ink to explore both the immediate impact of ink pigment on cell viability and also to observe the interaction between particles and the cells.
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Paegle, Linda, Žanna Martinsone, Ivars Vanadziņš, Ilona Pavlovska, and Lāsma Akūlova. "NUMBER OF FINE PARTICLES’ AND THEIR MASS CONCENTRATION: COMPARISON OF EMISSION OF NEW PRINTING TECHNOLOGY VERSUS TRADITIONAL LASER TECHNOLOGY." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2021): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol1.6558.

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For many years the printers have been essential part of our offices and exposures from various printing technologies have been widely researched. The main objective of this study was to compare emitted number and mass of fine particles from laser printers and new Micro Piezo technology ink jet printers during the printing process and one hour afterwards as these emissions have potential for negative health effects.Air samples were taken with the particle size spectrometer for real-time ELPI+, Dekati (air flow rate 10 l/min). Measurements were taken ~0.5 m from the printers: one hour before the test, during printing and one hour afterwards. Similar class blackwhite (b/w) and colour printer of each technology were tested. Each printer performed a 10-page and a 100-page test according to ECMA 328-1 Standard [1].During laser printer tests from 8324 to 19943 pt/cm3 fine particles were determined on printing phase from b/w and colour printers. Ink jet (Micro Piezo) printers produced less: from 3239 to 5247 pt/cm3. One hour after the printing phase for both types of laser printers’ there were 54722 to 152351 pt/cm3 particles in air and 4270 to 9579 pt/cm3 particles for ink jet printers. Detected particle mass differences was insignificant: in range of 0.002 to 0.012 mg/m³ for laser printers and 0.002 to 0.019 mg/m³ for ink jet printers. Micro Piezo technology printers emitted mass particles were with bigger median size μm.The highest number of particles was observed one hour after the printing for both tested printer technologies. Laser printers’ emitted 2.5 to 3.8 times more particles in printing phase and 12.8 to 15.9 times more after printing phase. Particle mass in mg/m³ was detected in the size range 6nm - 2.5 μm with no significant mass differences.
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Trefalt, Gregor, Marija Kosec, Danjela Kuščer, Gaj Stavber, and Barbara Malič. "Ink-jet Printing of TiO2 Suspensions." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, CICMT (September 1, 2011): 000247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2011-tha11.

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A general approach to prepare aqueous suspensions of inorganic particles suitable for ink-jet printing was developed. Titanium dioxide was used as the model material. Stable colloidal suspensions of TiO2 particles in water were prepared by adjusting the pH. The milling conditions were optimized in order to effectively mill the starting micron-sized powder. After 280 min of milling, the particle size was decreased to dmean = 170 nm. The fluid properties of the suspensions, i.e. viscosity and surface tension, were optimized by increasing the solid load of TiO2 powder and by addition of the surfactant triton X-100. Additionally, glycerol was added to the suspensions to control the drying behavior. The patterns of TiO2 were successfully printed on glass substrates.
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Cheng, Yun, Hongjie Zhang, Xue Zhang, Wenhui Zhang, Chuanfei Shi, Rongyao Zhu, Ting Jiao, and Haiyan Zhang. "The adsorption mechanism of water-based ink particles onto cellulosic fibers." BioResources 15, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 9375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.9375-9384.

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Water-based flexographic-printed ink has attracted much attention due to the reduced emission of volatile organic compounds in the printing process. However, it is difficult to remove water-based ink particles with small particle size and high hydrophilicity because they are easily reabsorbed onto cellulosic fibers during wastepaper recycling. In this paper, the absorption mechanism of water-based ink particles onto fibers was studied by using isotherm models and adsorption dynamic kinetics models at different temperatures. The adsorption process was fitted to the Freundlich isotherm, and the adsorption behavior was spontaneous and exothermic processes with an increase of entropy. It fitted well with the pseudo-second-order rate model, and the equilibrium adsorption amounts at three temperature conditions were 2.55, 2.34, and 2.21 mg/g, respectively. The B value was 9.20 g·mg−1·min−1, and the Ea value was 15.6 kJ·mol−1. The results showed that it was easier to remove the water-based ink particles from cellulosic fibers under shorter contact time and higher operation temperature during wastepaper recycling. It would be helpful to optimize the wastepaper recycling operation and to develop a novel deinking process.
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Novosaduyk, Tatiana Vladimirovna, and Victoria Vadimovna Tsvetkova. "Method for microscopic monitoring of homeopathic medicines." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 17, no. 1 (July 22, 2021): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v17i1.887.

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We described microscopic observation of the effects of potentiation for the first time in 2002, and presented the results at the 2013 GIRI meeting. The study continued with the development of a visual quality control method using optical microscopy. The theoretical grounds underlying this method derive from high dilution research conducted by Komissarenko [1,2]. A ‘crushed’ drop is prepared from a potentized agent with one drop of black ink for microscopy with 20 and 40 magnification. Control consisted in a similarly of a drop of water and a drop of black ink. Visual estimates were performed according to the nature of the black ink particle movement, considering spin rate, randomness severity and/or motion directionality. Specimens were animal, vegetable and mineral origin, in cultivations from 1 to 1500 сH prepared by different manufactures from 1995 to 2016. For many years we looked for a way to visualize the ink particle motion under microscope by means of video files. However, this procedure proved to be too difficult from the technical point of view. Now this problem is solved. Thanks to the collaboration of specialists from St. Petersburg and Russia, a number of video files could be made, that demonstrate the difference of the particle motion black ink in various homeopathic remedies. In this presentation, we will show video files depicting the Brownian motion of ink particles in water and diluted up to 1500cH. All samples had characteristic patterns of ink micro particles motion that were different between control and test samples and also between test samples of previous and consequent dilutions. Gradual acceleration of micro particles spin is observed in samples from 1 to 10 сH. The movement remains chaotic. Spin velocity stops increasing from 10 сH to 30 сH, however movement of particles becomes unidirectional. This effect continues to increase in other samples up to 1500 сH. No gaps/leaps of these effects were found in consecutive survey of homeopathized remedies of 1 to 1500 сH. These changes are the same in all the investigated homeopathic medicines. The observed phenomenon was so significant, that we could distinguish the level of potentiation of the various homeopathic preparations. The directed motion of ink particles in potentized solutions fades when in storage. The molecular motion becomes chaotic again, i.e., it recovers the Brownian pattern when the solutions are agitated. A few shakes are sufficient to completely reconstruct the typical pattern of the original homeopathic preparation. In destroyed homeopathic medicines the pattern of chaotic motion of particles of ink is preserved irrespective of the amount and strength of agitation. The method of visual quality control described here easily solves issues related with the performance, storage and use peculiarities of homeopathic medicines. To conclude, effects of potentiation can be detected under optical microscopy. The method is simple to perform and allows distinguishing homeopathic medicines in a reliable manner. Therefore, this technique has potential for application in practice and research.
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Zhang, Xiao Lin, and Ru Min Wang. "OMG Neutral Deinking Technical Conditions and Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1351.

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Single factor experiment was used to investigate neutral deinking technology of old magazine paper (OMG) by self-compounded NTM-2 deinking agent. Olympus inverted biological microscope were used to research distribution state of ink particles in the secondary pulp before and after deinking treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze fiber surface changing during neutral deinking and ink particles dispersing behaviors in the paper. The results showed that NTM-2 deinking agent had a good deinking effect to OMG, optimum operation conditions of neutral deinking was NTM-2 0.5%, deinking temperature 50°C, deinking time 40min, repulper time 25s, pulp consistence 1.0%, and floatation time 6 min. Under these conditions, brightness of the deinked pulp increased 8.4%SBD, and the ink removal efficiency reached by 90%. Olympus inverted biological microscope images showed that there were a large number of ink particles in the un-treated pulp, and these ink particles integrated with fibers tightly. After treated by neutral deinking, most of ink particles were separated from the fiber, dispersed and suspended in the pulp evenly. SEM images indicated that there were little ink particles in the secondary paper, the fiber surface turned more smoother, and the clean degree would nearly corresponding to the effect of alkaline deinking.
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Peng, Xu Hui, Yuan Le, Shu Guang Bian, Wo Yuan Li, Kuang Yang, and Jian Feng Chen. "Dispersibility and Charge Property of Different Surface Modified Titanium Dioxide as Electrophoretic Particles." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.563.

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To prepare stable electrophoretic ink (E Ink) contains titanium dioxide particles, oil soluble red, dispersant and tetrachloroethylene (TCE), the modification of organic and inorganic material onto the particle surface was investigated. Modified particles were characterized by measurement of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to confirm the composites and structures. The electrophoretic properties of sample in TCE were investigated by static sedimentation experiment and electrophoresis instrument. The type of inorganic and organic materials used for the surface modification influence dispersibility and charge property of particles. On the whole, organic modified particles especially modified by anionic surfactant show better properties. The process conditions were investigated in detail using SDBS as the modifier. The dispersibility and charge property have significantly improved in optimized modifying condition that the proportion of surfactant is 15%, pH is 6 and reaction time is 1 hour which means SDBS modified TiO2 is suitable for electrophoretic particles.
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Yang, Yu, Yan Yan Cui, Guang Xue Chen, and Ming Hui He. "Preparation and Study of Ink-Jet Printing of Ag Based Conductive Ink on Paper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.524.

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Compared with the lithography and traditional technology, ink-jet printing technology has huge advantages such as reducing costs, improving production efficiency and reducing environment damage. The silver nanoparticles conductive ink used as core material in ink-jet printing technology has been greatly developed. At present, the conductive inks for printed circuit usually has high sintering temperature, low adhesion, poor mechanical properties, high cost, which limit the further industrial application. In this paper, nano silver pulp was prepared through liquid phase reduction method, and a self-made protective agent ensured that the particle size distribution of silver particles is about 5nm. The above silver pulp was dispersed in the organic resin to get conductive ink with 20% (wt%) silver content. Under 170°Csintering, the electrical conductivity of the ink layer was 1.15×104S/m.
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Tang, Bao Lin, Guang Xue Chen, Qi Feng Chen, and Jing Lei Tai. "Research and Manufacture of Nano-Silver Conductive Ink." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.405.

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Printing electronics technology promotes the application of conductive ink. In this paper, the manufacture of nano-sliver conductive ink is investigated. First, Spherical silver nano-particles were reduced from silver nitrate solution by liquid chemical reduction method, with hydrazine hydrate as reductant and PVP as surface-protection reagent. SEM was used to characterize the morphology of silver powders, and the mean particles size is 62.79 nm. Then, conductive ink was prepared with nano-silver particles made in this research as conductive fillers, polyurethane resin and acrylic resin as binders, and stearic acid as dispersant. In the last, the conductive ink was printed on the PCB substrate by screening printing. After the ink is dried, conductivity, abrasion resistance, and adhesion were tested. The experiment results shows that the order of sheet resistivity magnitude is 10-4Ω•m, the number of rubbing fastness is more than 6000, and the adhesion can be resisted repeatedly to tape tear.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ink particles"

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Kriel, Carmen Cornelia. "Gel-particles for ink-jet paper coating applications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49970.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An unsaturated, linear, aliphatic polyamide was synthesized from 1,6-hexanediamine and fumaric acid by means of a phosphorylation polycondensation reaction, and successfully crosslinked with a vinyl monomer during an inverse suspension polymerization reaction. The two vinyl monomers that were used were 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 4-vinyl pyridine. The linear polyamide was characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS), while the crosslinked product was characterized by light scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as cryo-SEM. The average particle diameters of the crosslinked product were found to be in the range of 100 to 300 nm. One of the synthesized crosslinked products was used in coating formulations on starchcoated paper. The paper samples were evaluated and compared on the basis of printing quality, colour density and colour uniformity of a printed image, as well as the wet-rub resistance of the coating. A formulation containing 0,1% of the HEMA crosslinked polyamide product was found to give the best performance of the printed image in terms of printing quality, colour density and colour uniformity. Wet-rub resistance was found to improve with increasing concentration of the crosslinked polyamide product.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Onversadigde, lineêre, alifatiese poli-amied is berei vanaf die monomere 1,6- heksaandiamien en fumaarsuur deur middel van 'n fosforilasie-polikondensasie reaksie, waarna die produk suksesvol gekruisbind is tydens 'n inverse-suspensie polimerisasiereaksie. Twee vinielmonomere, naamlik 2-hidroksi-etiel-metakrilaat (HEMA) en 4- viniel-piridien, is gebruik. Die lineêre poli-amied is deur middel van kern magnetiese resonansie (KMR) en elektronsproei-massaspektrornetrie (ESMS) gekarakteriseer, en die kruisgebinde produk deur middel van ligverstrooing, skandeer-elektronrnikroskopie (SEM), en lae-temperatuur SEM. Daar is bevind dat die gemiddelde partikeldeursneë van die kruisgebinde produk tussen 100 en 300 nm was. Een van die bereide, kruisgebinde produkte (wat met HEMA kruisgebind is) is gebruik in bedekkingsformules op stysel-bedekte papier. Die papiermonsters is ge-evalueer en vergelyk ten opsigte van drukkwaliteit en die diepte en egaligheid van die kleur van 'n gedrukte beeld, asook die natskuurweerstand van die deklaag. Daar is bevind dat 'n formulering wat 0.1% van die kruisgebinde poli-amied produk bevat die beste vertoning lewer in terme van drukkwaliteit, kleur diepte en egaligheid van kleur. Daar is verder bevind dat die natskuurweerstand van die deklaag verbeter het wanneer die konsentrasie van die kruisgebinde poli-amied produk in die formulering verhoog is.
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Laitinen, O. (Ossi). "Utilisation of tube flow fractionation in fibre and particle analysis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514294495.

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Abstract The tube flow fractionation method used in this thesis is one of the field flow separation processes, which can be used to fractionate particles over the entire size range of pulp particles (1–5000 µm) with high selectivity. The classification of particles in different size categories enables the fractional analysis of samples. According to this thesis, particle length is the most significant individual shape factor in particle classification for different size categories using tube flow fractionation. The fractional approach investigated in this thesis offers an interesting tool for investigating different pulp types more thoroughly than many other conventional laboratory methods such as the Bauer-McNett classification of pulp or the hyperwashing of DIP samples. The tube flow fractionator can be used to replace the Bauer-McNett device to determine the mass percentages of pulp sample fractions. Furthermore, pulp fractionation can be done quickly with the tube flow fractionation method and the results achieved are also comparable to the Bauer-McNett classification. The utilisation of recycled raw material in paper production is likely to continue to increase in the near future. This fact leads to even more heterogeneous raw material becoming one of the major challenges in deinked pulp production. Changes in the quality of raw material such as age or paper type have a notable effect on the deinkability of pulp. This creates a need to develop new methods for measuring DIP properties; in particular, information about the ink-releasing rate and ink particle size would be useful in controlling the deinking process. If DIP is fractionated with tube flow fractionation, it is possible to study the ink size distribution and ink content inside each fraction, thus obtaining fractional information on the ink release rate and ink particle size. A comparison of different DIP raw materials and process solutions can be performed with the fractional analysis presented in this thesis. It was noticed that aging had a negative effect on the slushing rate of LWC and SC raw material, but not on ONP. The ink detachment of LWC and SC was poorer when furnishes aged. However, the aging of LWC and SC did not result in a significant fragmentation of ink particles. In contrast, strong ink fragmentation is typical of aged ONP furnishes. The fractional approach gives new insight into deinking mechanisms, and could be essential for finding optimal deinking process conditions, for example in a pulping process or flotation environment. The method would also enable enhanced control of different DIP process stages and would contribute to creating a more efficient process with better waste management and improved final product quality
Tiivistelmä Tässä työssä käytetyllä putkivirtausfraktioinnilla, joka on eräs kenttävirtausfraktioinnin sovellus, voidaan luokitella hyvin selektiivisesti erikokoisia (1–5000 µm) partikkeleita. Partikkeleiden luokittelu partikkelikooltaan erikokoisiin jakeisiin mahdollistaa näytteiden fraktionaalisen analyysin. Tässä työssä todettiin, että partikkelin pituus on tärkein yksittäinen muototekijä, joka vaikuttaa partikkelien fraktioitumiseen eri kokoluokkiin putkivirtausfraktioinnissa. Työssä tutkittu fraktionaalinen menetelmä mahdollistaa paljon syvällisemmän paperisulppujen analyysin kuin monet perinteiset laboratorioanalyysit, kuten Bauer McNett -luokittelu tai siistausmassojen hyperpesu. Putkivirtausfraktionaattorilla voidaan korvata Bauer McNett -luokittelu massasulppujen eri fraktioiden massaosuuksien määrityksessä. Lisäksi massojen fraktiointi putkivirtausfraktionaattorilla on nopea ja luotettava menetelmä, ja saadut tulokset ovat vertailukelpoisia Bauer McNett -luokittelulla saatujen tulosten kanssa. Kierrätyspaperiraaka-aineen kasvava hyödyntäminen paperin tuotannossa jatkunee lähivuosina. Tämä tarkoittaa, että siistausprosessissa hyödynnettävän raaka-aineen laatuvaihtelut aiheuttavat entistä suurempia haasteita. Muutokset raaka-aineen laadussa, kuten paperin ikä tai käytetty paperityyppi vaikuttavat huomattavasti massan siistattavuuteen. Näistä tekijöistä johtuen on tarvetta kehittää uusia mittausmenetelmiä määrittää siistausmassojen ominaisuuksia. Erityisesti musteen irtoaminen ja mustepartikkeleiden kokojen määritys voisi auttaa musteenpoistoprosessin ohjauksessa. Jos siistausmassa fraktioidaan putkivirtausfraktionaattorilla, on mahdollista tutkia mustekokojakaumia ja mustepitoisuuksia eri fraktioissa ja näin saadaan tietoa mustepartikkeleiden irtoamisesta ja mustepartikkelien koosta. Fraktionaalisella analyysilla on tässä työssä tutkittu eri siistausmassojen raaka-aineita ja prosessiratkaisuja. Työssä huomattiin, että LWC- ja SC-paperin ikääntymisellä on negatiivinen vaikutus paperin sulputtumisnopeuteen pulpperissa, mutta sanomalehtipaperilla vastaavaa ilmiötä ei huomattu. Musteen irtoaminen oli huonompaa LWC- ja SC-paperin ikääntyessä. Kuitenkaan ikääntyminen ei vaikuttanut LWC- ja SC-paperin mustepartikkeleiden pilkkoutumiseen merkittävästi. Sen sijaan sanomalehtipaperilla havaittiin voimakasta mustepartikkeleiden pilkkoutumista raaka-aineen ikääntyessä. Fraktionaalinen tutkiminen antaa uuden näkökulman musteenpoistomekanismeihin ja voisi olla hyödyllinen, kun etsitään optimaalisia musteenpoisto-olosuhteita esimerkiksi pulpperointiin tai flotaatioon. Menetelmä voisi mahdollistaa myös eri siistausprosessin osaprosessien säätämisen. Lisäsi menetelmän avulla voitaisiin saada tehostettua prosesseja ja parannettua laatua sekä saada prosesseista ympäristöystävällisempiä
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Gläser, Kerstin. "Ink Jet Printing auf Wasseroberflächen und dessen Verwendung zur Stabilisierung von Mikrosieben." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-216849.

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In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie Mikrosiebe über das Float Casting Verfahren hergestellt und durch Ink Jet Druck stabilisiert werden. Dazu wurde ein Verfahren entwickelt, das es erlaubt Mikrosiebe großflächig auf einem Langmuirtrog herzustellen und noch schwimmend auf der Wasseroberfläche zu bedrucken, so dass stabilisierte Mikrosiebe von der Wasseroberfläche abgehoben werden können. Zur Herstellung der Mikrosiebe wird das Prinzip der Partikel-assistierten Benetzung verwendet, bei dem eine Dispersion aus Silikapartikeln, Monomer und Initiator auf einer Wasseroberfläche gespreitet wird. Die Partikel ordnen sich dabei von selbst in einer hexagonal dichtesten Packung an und dienen sowohl als Spreithilfe als auch als Porenbildner. Nach dem Entfernen der Partikel entsteht ein poröses Mikrosieb mit einheitlichen, dicht gepackten Poren. Durch das Aufdrucken einer Wabenstruktur als Stützstruktur wird eine ausreichende Stabilisierung erreicht, so dass die Siebe in Filtrationsversuchen eingesetzt werden können. Das entstehende Gefüge, bestehend aus einem Mikrosieb mit einer Dicke im Nanometerbereich wird von einer Stützstruktur, welche eine Dicke im Mikrometerbereich besitzt, stabilisiert. Außerdem wird gezeigt, wie eine Wasseroberfläche Schritt für Schritt modifiziert wird, so dass es möglich ist grazile Strukturen auf eine Wasseroberfläche zu drucken. Diese Strukturen können anschließend von der Wasseroberfläche abgehoben werden und stehen nach dem Trocknen als freistehende Strukturen zur Verfügung.
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Gazzola, Daniele <1976&gt. "Control of the position of particles in open microfluidic systems." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/926/.

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Faenza, Andrea <1983&gt. "Microsystems for electronic positioning and monitoring of single cells and particles." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3629/.

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Grandi, Raffaele <1976&gt. "Coordination and Control of Autonomous Mobile Robots Swarms by using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Consensus Theory." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5904/.

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This thesis presents some different techniques designed to drive a swarm of robots in an a-priori unknown environment in order to move the group from a starting area to a final one avoiding obstacles. The presented techniques are based on two different theories used alone or in combination: Swarm Intelligence (SI) and Graph Theory. Both theories are based on the study of interactions between different entities (also called agents or units) in Multi- Agent Systems (MAS). The first one belongs to the Artificial Intelligence context and the second one to the Distributed Systems context. These theories, each one from its own point of view, exploit the emergent behaviour that comes from the interactive work of the entities, in order to achieve a common goal. The features of flexibility and adaptability of the swarm have been exploited with the aim to overcome and to minimize difficulties and problems that can affect one or more units of the group, having minimal impact to the whole group and to the common main target. Another aim of this work is to show the importance of the information shared between the units of the group, such as the communication topology, because it helps to maintain the environmental information, detected by each single agent, updated among the swarm. Swarm Intelligence has been applied to the presented technique, through the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO), taking advantage of its features as a navigation system. The Graph Theory has been applied by exploiting Consensus and the application of the agreement protocol with the aim to maintain the units in a desired and controlled formation. This approach has been followed in order to conserve the power of PSO and to control part of its random behaviour with a distributed control algorithm like Consensus.
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McKeague, Thomas Anderson. "Holographic particle image velocimetry of ink jet streams." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10997/.

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Ink jet technology is a rapidly growing and diverse field of research. Ink jets are used to deliver very precise and small (picolitre) volumes of fluid to a surface. Recent advances in ink jet technology demand a better understanding of the dynamics of the fluid during jetting. The aim of this project was to design a method capable of measuring the flow velocities inside ink jet streams. This objective has been achieved by the use of digital holographic particle image velocimetry. The difficulty with measuring flows inside tightly curved samples is that the refractive index change over the boundary leads to an optical distortion and therefore particles cannot be viewed or tracked reliably. Optical distortion is compensated for by taking advantage of the ability to replay a holographically recorded wave. The light scattered by particles is propagated numerically back through the sample’s surface, to form a three-dimensional image in which all refractions at the interface have been accounted for. Three dimensional particle fields are then analysed using custom particle detection and correlation code to extract the displacement of individual particles between exposures, which facilitates the construction of full flow profiles. Holograms were recorded with a simple off-axis holographic microscope, comprising two point sources of divergent light, formed from the same objective lens, acting as the source of illumination and reference light, respectively. Experiments were conducted on continuous ink jet streams of water issuing from a nozzle with 100 µm diameter. For a few millimetres after the nozzle exit, the jet is cylindrical, it then starts to form swells and necks; the swells continue to grow at the expense of the necks until the jet breaks up into a stream of droplets. Measurements of the stream wise component of velocity have been successful in the cylindrical parts of the jet, in swells and in necks greater than 20 µm in diameter. To my knowledge measurements of particle velocities on fluid jets at this scale have not been accomplished previously.
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Emerson, Zachery Ian. "Particle and bubble interactions in flotation systems." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Dissertations/EMERSON_ZACHERY_45.pdf.

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Infantino, Angelo <1985&gt. "Advanced aspects of radiation protection in the use of particle accelerators in the medical field." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6807/.

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In this work, the well-known MC code FLUKA was used to simulate the GE PETrace cyclotron (16.5 MeV) installed at “S. Orsola-Malpighi” University Hospital (Bologna, IT) and routinely used in the production of positron emitting radionuclides. Simulations yielded estimates of various quantities of interest, including: the effective dose distribution around the equipment; the effective number of neutron produced per incident proton and their spectral distribution; the activation of the structure of the cyclotron and the vault walls; the activation of the ambient air, in particular the production of 41Ar, the assessment of the saturation yield of radionuclides used in nuclear medicine. The simulations were validated against experimental measurements in terms of physical and transport parameters to be used at the energy range of interest in the medical field. The validated model was also extensively used in several practical applications uncluding the direct cyclotron production of non-standard radionuclides such as 99mTc, the production of medical radionuclides at TRIUMF (Vancouver, CA) TR13 cyclotron (13 MeV), the complete design of the new PET facility of “Sacro Cuore – Don Calabria” Hospital (Negrar, IT), including the ACSI TR19 (19 MeV) cyclotron, the dose field around the energy selection system (degrader) of a proton therapy cyclotron, the design of plug-doors for a new cyclotron facility, in which a 70 MeV cyclotron will be installed, and the partial decommissioning of a PET facility, including the replacement of a Scanditronix MC17 cyclotron with a new TR19 cyclotron.
In questo lavoro, il codice Monte Carlo (MC) FLUKA è stato utilizzato per simulare il ciclotrone GE PETtrace (16.5 MeV) installato presso l’azienda ospedaliera “S. Orsola-Malpighi” (Bologna, IT), quotidianamente utilizzato per la produzione di radiofarmaci PET. Le simulazioni sono state effettuate per valutare diversi fenomeni e quantità d’interesse radiologico tra cui l’equivalente di dose ambientale nell’intorno dell’acceleratore, il numero di neutroni emessi per protone incidente e la loro distribuzione spettrale, l’attivazione dei componenti del ciclotrone e delle pareti del bunker, l’attivazione dell’aria interna al bunker ed in particolare la produzione di 41Ar, la resa a saturazione di radionuclidi d’interesse in medicina nucleare. Le simulazioni sono state validate, in termini di parametri fisici e di trasporto da utilizzare nel range energetico caratteristico delle applicazioni mediche, con una serie di misure sperimentali. Il modello MC validato è stato quindi applicato ad altri casi pratici quali lo studio di fattibilità della produzione diretta in ciclotrone di 99mTc, la produzione di radionuclidi ad uso medico con il ciclotrone TR13 (13 MeV) installato presso il centro di ricerca TRIUMF (Vancouver, CA), la progettazione completa del nuovo centro PET dell’ospedale “Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria” di Negrar (Verona, IT), incluso il ciclotrone ACSI TR19 (19 MeV), lo studio del campo di dose nell’intorno di un sistema di selezione dell’energia (degrader) di un ciclotrone per terapia, la progettazione di specifiche “porte a tappo” per un sito di produzione di radionuclidi ad uso medico, in cui verrà installato un ciclotrone da 70 MeV e sei diverse beam line, e per il parziale decommissioning di un centro PET e la sostituzione di un ciclotrone Scanditronix MC17 (17 MeV), attualmente installato, con una nuova unità TR19.
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Previti, Alberto <1985&gt. "Fast and accurate numerical solutions in some problems of particle and radiation transport: synthetic acceleration for the method of short characteristics, Doppler-broadened scattering kernel, remote sensing of the cryosphere." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6599/.

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The aim of this work is to present various aspects of numerical simulation of particle and radiation transport for industrial and environmental protection applications, to enable the analysis of complex physical processes in a fast, reliable, and efficient way. In the first part we deal with speed-up of numerical simulation of neutron transport for nuclear reactor core analysis. The convergence properties of the source iteration scheme of the Method of Characteristics applied to be heterogeneous structured geometries has been enhanced by means of Boundary Projection Acceleration, enabling the study of 2D and 3D geometries with transport theory without spatial homogenization. The computational performances have been verified with the C5G7 2D and 3D benchmarks, showing a sensible reduction of iterations and CPU time. The second part is devoted to the study of temperature-dependent elastic scattering of neutrons for heavy isotopes near to the thermal zone. A numerical computation of the Doppler convolution of the elastic scattering kernel based on the gas model is presented, for a general energy dependent cross section and scattering law in the center of mass system. The range of integration has been optimized employing a numerical cutoff, allowing a faster numerical evaluation of the convolution integral. Legendre moments of the transfer kernel are subsequently obtained by direct quadrature and a numerical analysis of the convergence is presented. In the third part we focus our attention to remote sensing applications of radiative transfer employed to investigate the Earth's cryosphere. The photon transport equation is applied to simulate reflectivity of glaciers varying the age of the layer of snow or ice, its thickness, the presence or not other underlying layers, the degree of dust included in the snow, creating a framework able to decipher spectral signals collected by orbiting detectors.
Questo lavoro si propone di presentare diversi aspetti della simulazione numerica del trasporto di particelle e di radiazione per applicazioni industriali e di protezione ambientale, per consentire l'analisi di processi fisici complessi in modo veloce, affidabile ed efficiente. Nella prima parte è trattata la velocizzazione della simulazione numerica del trasporto di neutroni per l'analisi del nocciolo di un reattore nucleare. Le proprietà di convergenza della source iteration del Metodo delle Caratteristiche applicate a geometrie strutturate eterogenee sono state migliorate per mezzo della Boundary Projection Acceleration, consentendo lo studio di geometrie 2D e 3D con la teoria del trasporto senza omogeneizzazione spaziale. Le prestazioni computazionali sono state verificate tramite il benchmark C5G7 2D e 3D, mostrando una sensibile riduzione del numero di iterazioni e del tempo di calcolo. La seconda parte è dedicata allo studio dello scattering elastico dei neutroni con isotopi pesanti in funzione della temperatura vicino alla zona termica. È presentato il calcolo numerico della convoluzione Doppler del kernel di scattering elastico col modello gas per una generale sezione d'urto dipendente dall'energia e per una generica legge di scattering nel sistema del centro di massa. L'intervallo di integrazione è stata ottimizzato utilizzando un cutoff numerico, consentendo una valutazione numerica più veloce dell'integrale. I momenti di Legendre del kernel di trasferimento sono successivamente ottenuti per quadratura diretta e validati tramite un'analisi numerica della convergenza. La terza parte è focalizzata alle applicazioni di telerilevamento del trasferimento radiativo per indagini sulla criosfera terrestre. L'equazione del trasporto per fotoni è applicata per simulare la riflettività dei ghiacciai a diverse età dello strato di neve o ghiaccio, al suo spessore, alla presenza o meno di altri strati sottostanti, al grado di polvere inclusa nella neve, creando un sistema in grado di decifrare segnali spettrali raccolti dai rivelatori orbitanti.
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Books on the topic "Ink particles"

1

Fine Particle Society Symposium on Surface Phenomena and Fine Particles in Water-based Coatings and Printing Technology (1989 Boston, Mass.). Surface phenomena and fine particles in water-based coatings and printing technology. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

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Kinzoku nano ryūshi inku no haisen gijutsu: Inkujetto gijutsu o chūshin ni = Wiring technology of metallic nano particle ink : ink-jet technology. Tōkyō: Shī Emu Shī Shuppan, 2011.

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Giorgio, Giacomelli, Spurio Maurizio, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Particles and Fundamental Interactions: Supplements, Problems and Solutions: A Deeper Insight into Particle Physics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

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Drucker, Johanna. Events: Particle zoo. Charlottesville, Va: [Drucker], 2005.

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MacNeice, Peter. Particle-mesh techniques. Washington: Goddard Space Flight Center, 1995.

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Brown, J. C. Improving de-inking efficiency: An investigation into the effect pulping conditions have on ink particle size. Manchester: UMIST, 1994.

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Nembach, E. Particle strengthening of metals and alloys. New York: Wiley, 1997.

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Ristic, Branko. Particle Filters for Random Set Models. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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Kamada, Ray. Chaos metrics for testing Lagrangian particle models. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1993.

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NATO, Advanced Study Institute on Nonlinear Evolution (1987 Noto Italy). Nonlinear evolution and chaotic phenomena. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ink particles"

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Mulla, Mohmed A., Huai Nyin Yow, Huagui Zhang, Olivier J. Cayre, and Simon Biggs. "Colloid Particles in Ink Formulations." In Fundamentals of Inkjet Printing, 141–68. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527684724.ch6.

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Lei, Xinjie, Dawa Lamu, and Yi Fang. "Large-Scale Preparation of Nano-Copper Particles for Conductive Ink." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 688–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1864-5_94.

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Sonn, George. "Organic Pigments and their Relationships to Aqueous Ink." In Surface Phenomena and Fine Particles in Water-Based Coatings and Printing Technology, 325–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3812-7_24.

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Kern, George M., Fortunato J. Micale, Diego P. Valenzuela, and Jean S. Lavelle. "Hiding Power of Aluminum Pigments in Printed Ink Films." In Surface Phenomena and Fine Particles in Water-Based Coatings and Printing Technology, 59–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3812-7_5.

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Kim, J. H., Hyo Jin Oh, Nam Hee Lee, S. H. Shin, and Sun Jae Kim. "Preparation of Electronic Ink Using TiO2 Particles Dispersed in Low Dielectric Solvent." In Solid State Phenomena, 1211–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-30-2.1211.

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Otto, Thomas. "Risks and Hazards of Particle Accelerator Technologies." In Safety for Particle Accelerators, 5–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57031-6_2.

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AbstractIn this section, the motivation and operation of particle accelerators are briefly introduced. Then, safety aspects of the key building blocks are treated. Magnets provide the steering forces for accelerated particles. Cryogenics provides the low temperatures required for the operation of superconducting magnets; radiofrequency technologies impart energy to accelerated particles. A byproduct of their operation is Non-ionising radiation. Another type of NIR is represented by lasers which find increasing use in accelerator applications. Finally, collimators shape the particle beams and protect sensitive elements, while dumps absorb the particles at the end of their course.
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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Collimation." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 141–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_6.

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AbstractParticles at large betatron amplitudes or with a large momentum error constitute what is generally referred to as a beam halo. Such particles are undesirable since they produce a background in the particle-physics detector. The background arises either when the halo particles are lost at aperture restrictions in the vicinity of the detector, producing electro-magentic shower or muons, or when they emit synchrotron radiation that is not shielded and may hit sensitive detector components. In superconducting hadron storage rings, a further concern is localized particle loss near one of the superconducting magnets, which may result in the quench of the magnet, i.e., in its transition to the normalconducting state.
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Balogh, Kata, and Rainer Osswald. "A Frame-Based Analysis of Verbal Particles in Hungarian." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 219–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_11.

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AbstractThe verbal particle in Hungarian raises a number of intriguing issues for any theory of the syntax-semantics interface. In this article, we aim at a formal account of the semantic contribution of various verbal particles in Hungarian and we show how the semantic representation of the clause can be compositionally derived. We will concentrate on the four frequent particles meg-, le-, el- and fel-. Our approach makes use of a formalized version of Role and Reference Grammar and the framework of decompositional frame semantics. In particular, we give a formal representation of the boundary-setting function of the verbal particle in terms of decompositional frames which builds on a scalar change analysis. We furthermore analyze the interaction of the particle with resultative adjectives and provide a formal model of how their syntactic representations drive their frame-semantic composition.
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Wang, Rujing, and Xiaoming Zhang. "Particle Swarm Optimization with Opposite Particles." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 633–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11579427_64.

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Jahnke, T., V. Mergel, O. Jagutzki, A. Czasch, K. Ullmann, R. Ali, V. Frohne, et al. "High-Resolution Momentum Imaging—From Stern’s Molecular Beam Method to the COLTRIMS Reaction Microscope." In Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry, 375–441. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63963-1_18.

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AbstractMulti-particle momentum imaging experiments are now capable of providing detailed information on the properties and the dynamics of quantum systems in Atomic, Molecular and Photon (AMO) physics. Historically, Otto Stern can be considered the pioneer of high-resolution momentum measurements of particles moving in a vacuum and he was the first to obtain sub-atomic unit (a.u.) momentum resolution (Schmidt-Böcking et al. in The precision limits in a single-event quantum measurement of electron momentum and position, these proceedings [1]). A major contribution to modern experimental atomic and molecular physics was his so-called molecular beam method [2], which Stern developed and employed in his experiments. With this method he discovered several fundamental properties of atoms, molecules and nuclei [2, 3]. As corresponding particle detection techniques were lacking during his time, he was only able to observe the averaged footprints of large particle ensembles. Today it is routinely possible to measure the momenta of single particles, because of the tremendous progress in single particle detection and data acquisition electronics. A “state-of-the-art” COLTRIMS reaction microscope [4–11] can measure, for example, the momenta of several particles ejected in the same quantum process in coincidence with sub-a.u. momentum resolution. Such setups can be used to visualize the dynamics of quantum reactions and image the entangled motion of electrons inside atoms and molecules. This review will briefly summarize Stern’s work and then present in longer detail the historic steps of the development of the COLTRIMS reaction microscope. Furthermore, some benchmark results are shown which initially paved the way for a broad acceptance of the COLTRIMS approach. Finally, a small selection of milestone work is presented which has been performed during the last two decades.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ink particles"

1

Ikegawa, Masato, Eiji Ishii, Nobuhiro Harada, and Tsuneaki Takagishi. "Development of Ink-Particle Flight Simulation for Continuous Inkjet Printer." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63094.

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An ink-particle flight simulation method for industrial, continuous-type inkjet printers was developed to clarify the factors that influence the print distortion. Print distortion is produced by aerodynamic and electric interference between the ink-particles flying from the nozzle onto the print-target. The necessary functions to do this, such as the calculation of electrostatic force in the electric field between the electrodes, the Coulomb’s force from other charged ink-particles, and the drag force in the inkjet stream for many flying ink-particles were added to a Lagrangian method in the fluid dynamic analysis software that was used for the simulation. The trajectories of the ink-particles flying from this nozzle onto the print target and the air-flow caused by them were calculated simultaneously in the simulation. The simulation results for the velocities and trajectories of the flying ink-particles were compared with the experimental ones using a high-speed camera. These simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental ones, and this helps to clarify the factors that influence the print distortion.
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Zhu, Haixin, Nantian Nie, and Fuliang Wang. "Investigation on graphene/Ag nano-particles composite ink for flexible electronics." In 2016 17th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2016.7583208.

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He, Hu, Zhuo Chen, Fuliang Wang, and Wenhui Zhu. "Investigation on Graphene/Ag Nano-Particles composite ink for flexible electronics." In 2016 17th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2016.7583371.

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Fan, Xinming, Lixin Mo, Wenbo Li, Weiwei Li, Jun Ran, Jilan Fu, Xizhe Zhao, and Luhai Li. "Synthesis of nano-copper particles for conductive ink in gravure printing." In 2013 8th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2013.6559843.

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Hyo Sim Kang, Sun Wha Oh, Mi Na Park, Ju Chang Kim, and Young Soo Kang. "Synthesis and characterization of well dispersed electronic ink particles for electronic paper." In 2006 IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nmdc.2006.4388951.

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Matsuura, Toshihiko, Takamine Kato, Makoto Horii, Shohei Todo, Ken-ichi Minato, and Takashi Ueno. "Size Estimation of Biological Ink Particles Dispersed in Liquids Using Atomic Force Microscopy." In 20th International Colloquium on Scanning Probe Microscopy. Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjapcp.1.011003.

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Kim, Y., X. Ren, and H. Noh. "DIRECT PRINTING OF SILVER NANO-PARTICLES BASED INK ON POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE (PDMS) FOR MEMS DEVICES." In 2014 Solid-State, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop. San Diego: Transducer Research Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31438/trf.hh2014.52.

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Li, Jianping, Peng Mao, and Fuliang Wang. "High concentration Ag nano-particles ink preparation and related writing system for paper-based writing electronics." In 2015 16th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2015.7236744.

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Szczech, John B., Constantine M. Megaridis, Jie Zhang, and Daniel Gamota. "Ink Jet Processing of Metallic Nanoparticle Suspensions for Electronic Circuitry Fabrication." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1104.

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A novel approach in creating circuit electrodes with features as fine as 100 μm is demonstrated using a single 38 μm diameter orifice, piezoelectrically driven print head to deposit metallic nanoparticle suspensions. The suspensions consist of gold particles of ∼20 nm diameter suspended in toluene solvent. The amount of gold nanoparticles present in the suspension is 30% wt. Inductor and capacitor electrode patterns are deposited onto a glass substrate and thermally processed at 300°C for 15 minutes to drive off the solvent and allow the nanoparticles to sinter, thereby yielding a conductive path with a resistivity of O(10−7) Ω m.
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Yehia, Ahmed, Ayman A. El-Midani, Suzan S. Ibrahim, and Jan D. Miller. "Nano-Interfacial Chemistry of Waste Paper Deinking Processes Using Fatty Ethoxylates." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47005.

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The forces affecting the ink particles attachment to the paper substrates control the inking and deinking processes. In deinking process, the detachment of ink particles represents a big challenge due to the presence of nano-sized ink particles which can not be separated by conventional means, therefore, it needs special type of treatment to adapt the chemistry of the surrounding solution to control the interfacial forces to separate the ink particle and make their detachment easier. Although studies have been made to correlate chemical structure of fatty alcohol ethoxylates with the efficiency of ink removal, there is still a significant lack of fundamental knowledge regarding the influence of the ethoxylate alcohol on the interaction forces between particulates involved in the deinking process. In this research, fundamental study of the effect of nano-sized ethoxylated alcohol molecules, which exhibits high potential for application in wastepaper deinking, on the ink particle detachment due to changes in the interfacial forces will be studied. In addition, the ability of ethoxylated alcohol to produce nano-size bubbles will be tested in terms of their effect on the ink particle removal. Furthermore, relationship between molecular structure of ethoxylated fatty alcohols (length and ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts) and ink (toner) will be characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloidal probe technique.
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Reports on the topic "Ink particles"

1

Ley, M., Zane Lloyd, Shinhyu Kang, and Dan Cook. Concrete Pavement Mixtures with High Supplementary Cementitious Materials Content: Volume 3. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-032.

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Fly ash is a by-product of coal combustion, made up of particles that are collected through various methods. This by-product has been used successfully as a partial Portland cement replacement in concrete, but the performance predictions of fly ash in concrete have been difficult to predict, especially at high fly ash replacement rates. This study focuses on comparing the performance of concrete with a variety of fly ash mixtures as well as the particle distribution and chemical makeup of fly ash. The slump, unit weight, compressive strength, and isothermal calorimetry tests were used to measure the performance of concrete at 0%, 20%, and 40% fly ash replacement levels. The particle distribution of fly ash was measured with an automated scanning electron microscope. Additionally, the major and minor oxides from the chemical makeup of fly ash were measured for each mixture and inputted into a table. The particle distribution and chemical makeup of fly ash were compared to the performance of slump, unit weight, compressive strength, isothermal calorimetry, and surface electrical resistivity.
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Rahai, Hamid, and Jeremy Bonifacio. Numerical Investigations of Virus Transport Aboard a Commuter Bus. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2048.

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The authors performed unsteady numerical simulations of virus/particle transport released from a hypothetical passenger aboard a commuter bus. The bus model was sized according to a typical city bus used to transport passengers within the city of Long Beach in California. The simulations were performed for the bus in transit and when the bus was at a bus stop opening the middle doors for 30 seconds for passenger boarding and drop off. The infected passenger was sitting in an aisle seat in the middle of the bus, releasing 1267 particles (viruses)/min. The bus ventilation system released air from two linear slots in the ceiling at 2097 cubic feet per minute (CFM) and the air was exhausted at the back of the bus. Results indicated high exposure for passengers sitting behind the infectious during the bus transit. With air exchange outside during the bus stop, particles were spread to seats in front of the infectious passenger, thus increasing the risk of infection for the passengers sitting in front of the infectious person. With higher exposure time, the risk of infection is increased. One of the most important factors in assessing infection risk of respiratory diseases is the spatial distribution of the airborne pathogens. The deposition of the particles/viruses within the human respiratory system depends on the size, shape, and weight of the virus, the morphology of the respiratory tract, as well as the subject’s breathing pattern. For the current investigation, the viruses are modeled as solid particles of fixed size. While the results provide details of particles transport within a bus along with the probable risk of infection for a short duration, however, these results should be taken as preliminary as there are other significant factors such as the virus’s survival rate, the size distribution of the virus, and the space ventilation rate and mixing that contribute to the risk of infection and have not been taken into account in this investigation.
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Riley, Mark, and Akis Pipidis. The Mechanical Analogue of the "Backbending" Phenomenon in Nuclear-structure Physics. Florida State University, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu_physics-backbending.

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This short pedagogical movie illustrates an effect in nuclear physics called backbending which was first observed in the study of the rotational behavior of rapidly rotating rare-earth nuclei in Stockholm, Sweden in 1971. The video contains a mechanical analog utilizing rare-earth magnets and rotating gyroscopes on a turntable along with some historic spectra and papers associated with this landmark discovery together with its explanation in terms of the Coriolis induced uncoupling and rotational alignment of a specific pair of particles occupying high-j intruder orbitals. Thus backbending represents a crossing in energy of the groundstate, or vacuum, rotational band by another band which has two unpaired high-j nucleons (two quasi-particles) with their individual angular momenta aligned with the rotation axis of the rapidly rotating nucleus. Backbending was a major surprise which pushed the field of nuclear structure physics forward but which is now sufficiently well understood that it can be used as a precision spectroscopic tool providing useful insight for example, into nuclear pairing correlations and changes in the latter due to blocking effects and quasi-particle seniority, nuclear deformation, the excited configurations of particular rotational structures and the placement of proton and neutron intruder orbitals at the Fermi surface.
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Wilkins, Justin, Andrew McQueen, Joshua LeMonte, and Burton Suedel. Initial survey of microplastics in bottom sediments from United States waterways. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42021.

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Given the reported extent of microplastics in the aquatic environment, environmentally relevant exposure information for sediments dredged by the US Army Corps of Engineers will lend context to the risks posed by this contaminant during dredging. We measured the occurrence, abundance, and polymer composition of microplastics in sediments collected from nine dredged waterways and two non-dredged reference areas. The number of particles in sediment samples ranged from 162 to 6110 particles/kg dry wt., with a mean of 1636 particles/kg dry wt. Fragments were the most prevalent shape observed among the 11 study sites (100% frequency of occurrence), followed by fibers (81%), spheres (75%), foams (38%) and films (34%). Based on analyses of chemical composition of the particles using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, polyethylene:propylene was the most common polymer type observed. Consistent with results presented by other investigators microplastic concentrations and polymer types in bottom sediments in this study were also aligned with the most widely used plastics worldwide.
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Vas, Dragos, Steven Peckham, Carl Schmitt, Martin Stuefer, Ross Burgener, and Telayna Wong. Ice fog monitoring near Fairbanks, AK. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40019.

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Ice fog events, which occur during the Arctic winter, result in greatly decreased visibility and can lead to an increase of ice on roadways, aircraft, and airfields. The Fairbanks area is known for ice fog conditions, and previous studies have shown these events to be associated with moisture released from local power generation. Despite the identified originating mechanism of ice fog, there remains a need to quantify the environmental conditions controlling its origination, intensity, and spatial extent. This investigation focused on developing innovative methods of identifying and characterizing the environmental conditions that lead to ice fog formation near Fort Wainwright, Alaska. Preliminary data collected from December 2019 to March 2020 suggest that ice fog events occurred with temperatures below −34°C, up to 74% of the time ice fog emanated from the power generation facility, and at least 95% of ice particles during ice fog events were solid droxtals with diameters ranging from 7 to 50 μm. This report documents the need for frequent and detailed observations of the meteorological conditions in combination with photographic and ice particle observations. Datasets from these observations capture the environmental complexity and the impacts from energy generation in extremely cold weather conditions.
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Thurston, Alison, Zoe Courville, Lauren Farnsworth, Ross Lieblappen, Shelby Rosten, John Fegyveresi, Stacy Doherty, Robert Jones, and Robyn Barbato. Microscale dynamics between dust and microorganisms in alpine snowpack. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40079.

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Dust particles carry microbial and chemical signatures from source regions to deposition regions. Dust and its occupying microorganisms are incorporated into, and can alter, snowpack physical properties including snow structure and resultant radiative and mechanical properties that in turn affect larger-scale properties, including surrounding hydrology and maneuverability. Microorganisms attached to deposited dust maintain genetic evidence of source substrates and can be potentially used as bio-sensors. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of dust-associated microbial deposition on snowpack and microstructure. As part of this effort, we characterized the microbial communities deposited through dust transport, examined dust provenance, and identified the microscale location and fate of dust within a changing snow matrix. We found dust characteristics varied with deposition event and that dust particles were generally embedded in the snow grains, with a small fraction of the dust particles residing on the exterior of the snow matrix. Dust deposition appears to retard expected late season snow grain growth. Both bacteria and fungi were identified in the collected snow samples.
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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.
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Petersen, Mark, Collin Victor, Adam Larios, and Trenton Franz. Lagrangian Particles in Ocean Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1819120.

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Galic, H., F. Lehar, and P. R. Kettle. Current experiments in particle physics - particle data group. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/469140.

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Perl, M. The search for fractional charge elemental particles and very massive particles in bulk matter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/753254.

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