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Journal articles on the topic 'Inland delta of the Niger River'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Uzoegbu, M. U. "Evidence of terrestrial organic carbon inputs on Niger Delta Sea Shelf." Scientia Africana 19, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v19i3.7.

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The objective of this research is to determine the actual source of organic matter in the Niger Delta Sea Shelf (NDSS). Organic carbon (OC) and n-alkanes were investigated in the suspended matter (SM) and surfcial sediments of the Niger and Imo Rivers and the opposite Niger Delta Sea Shelf. Organic nitrogen and carbon isotope (δ13C) values were determined as additional parameters in the sediments. OC and n-alkane concentrations were highly variable. This variability was interpreted as the result of sources of materials from the inland basins and a complex sedimentation pattern involving the discharges of these two rivers. Using the constant ratio of high molecular weight odd n-alkanes to OC in both rivers, the estimated value of more than 70% of the OC preserved in shelf sediments were terrestrially-derived. This result was substantiated by the overall dominance of land-derived n-alkanes. A second approach using δ13C values and assuming binary dilution of riverine and marine OC led to the determined source of organic matter. Keywords: Organic carbon; δ13C; n-Alkanes; Niger River; Imo River; Niger Delta Sea Shelf.

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2

Kuper, M., C. Mullon, Y. Poncet, and E. Benga. "Integrated modelling of the ecosystem of the Niger river inland delta in Mali." Ecological Modelling 164, no. 1 (June 2003): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(03)00006-1.

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3

Gundlach, Erich R., Victor Ohioze Imevbore, Boykin Witherspoon, and Jimoh Ainodion. "Incorporating Biodiversity into Sensitivity Maps of the Niger River Delta." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-391.

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ABSTRACT Using the basis that communities having high biodiversity are inherently more valuable as an ecological resource, the authors have derived a preliminary system of classifying the tropical environments of the oil-producing delta regions of Nigeria based on a number of field-collected parameters that measure the degree of biodiversity as well as potential spill persistence and difficulty of cleanup. Physical parameters to be measured include type of substrate, presence of near-surface groundwater and inhibiting layer, and extent of surface debris. Biological parameters include tree density (stocking), coverage by grasses and shrubs in the under-story, plant condition, species richness and diversity (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds), important medicinal or endangered species, and special or unique biological features. Each factor is given assigned weighting values based on over 20 years of oil spill experience. The weighting given to spill persistence factors is 25%, while 75% is given to biological parameters. The sum of species richness and diversity is one-third of the entire valuation. Once all parameters are measured and tallied, sensitivity classification will be divided into five to ten categories. Initial data collection was undertaken during 1999. Additional fieldwork to collect and test each factor is planned for the year 2000. Sensitivity maps, including the classification of both coastal and inland habitats, will then be prepared in a GIS (Geographic Information System) format.

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4

Aweto, K. E. "A Preliminary Study of Groundwater Conditions in a Transitional Environment of Niger Delta using Direct – Current Soundings." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i3.44136.

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The study area Burutu lies within the transitional environment of the Niger delta. The area is sectioned by a compact network of rivers and creeks, which maintain a fragile but dynamic balance between saline, estuarine and freshwater surface bodies. Twenty direct current resistivity soundings were carried out to provide adequate information on the spatial lithological variation and groundwater conditions in Burutu. Resistivity contrasts and water analysis were used as a means of characterizing probable lithology and water type present within the pore spaces of aquiferous units. The results revealed spatial development of the aquifer architectural facies that follows a trend of mostly sand with little clay in the south to sand with abundant of clayey facies in the north near the Forcados River. The groundwater conditions indicated that salty/brackish water constituting about 4 % of water present was confined to the bank of the Forcados River and extend laterally landwards to about 120 m. Further away from the river bank, the water was mostly poor to good quality freshwater. The depth to the freshwater constituting about 96 % groundwater present varied from about 49.0 – 63.3 m near the Forcados River and became as shallow as 1.6 m in inland areas.

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5

Idomeh, Joyce E., Nnenna A. Isokpehi, Olufunke B. Shittu, and Kolapo A. Fasina. "Seasonal variations affect the physical and chemical parameters of inland waters: a case study of Warri River in Nigeria." International Journal of Halal Research 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijhr.1.1.1-7.2019.

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The Niger-Delta area in Nigeria is rich with rivers, swamps and creeks that are often subject to various forms of pollution. The effect of seasonal variations on the physical and chemical conditions of Warri River was studied in 2015. Temperature and pH values across all seasons fell within the optimum range formost aquatic organisms. Meanwhile, total dissolved solids exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit, especially during the dry season; indicating possible pollution from inorganic salts, organic matter and other dissolved materials in the water. The low dissolved oxygen value recorded was expected due to the high levels of dissolved solids recorded in the river. Lastly, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate concentrations recorded were below the WHO permissible limits. The chemical and biological parameters recorded indicate that the Warri River poses minimal threat to human and animal life.

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6

Halvorson, Sarah J., Ashley L. Williams, Sidy Ba, and Florence V. Dunkel. "Water quality and waterborne disease in the Niger River Inland Delta, Mali: A study of local knowledge and response." Health & Place 17, no. 2 (March 2011): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.10.002.

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7

Harts-Broekhuis, Annelet. "How to sustain a living? Urban households and poverty in the Sahelian town of Mopti." Africa 67, no. 1 (January 1997): 106–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161272.

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Increasingly, the poor are to be found in the urban areas of developing countries. Many urban households, not only the very poor, face economic insecurity and deprivation. Despite the steady growth of low-income groups in the urban areas of Africa, the mechanisms for coping with urban poverty were not studied to any great extent until the end of the 1980s. Most research into the strategies developed by households to cope with poverty had centred on the rural household. This article focuses on the inhabitants of the town of Mopti, situated in the Sahelian zone of Mali on the border of the inland delta of the river Niger. It deals with the subsistence strategies of different types of urban households and their adjustments to uncertain and deteriorating economic circumstances. In analysing these coping mechanisms account is taken of the various factors affecting households' ability to cope with reduced earnings or lack of income, such as their socio-economic position, migration status, composition and size, and ethnic background. A pertinent question in the analysis is whether urban households, in deteriorating circumstances, diversify their sources of income or specialise in one activity.

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8

Augustine A. Unimke, Abiye A. Ibiene, and Phillip O. Okerentugba. "Iko River estuary: Oil exploration and the microbial community shift." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.3.0509.

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The continuous input of petroleum-based and other industrial pollutants along with heightened navigational activities in the inland and coastal waters of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has contributed tremendously towards petroleum pollution of the aquatic environment. Standard analytical methods were employed in sample collection and analysis. The results showed the mean values of Total Heterotrophic Bacteria [THB] for tidal water 1.44±0.20 (x107), 1.42±0.62 (x107)and 1.82±0.61 (x107)for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively, while the mean values for CUB 1.06±0.12 (x106), 1.30±0.54 (x106) and 1.28±0.46 (x106) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. Similarly, the mean values for Total Fungi (TF) and Crude oil-Utilizing Fungi (CUF) were 1.08±0.12 (x106), 1.12±0.21 (x106), 1.18±0.20 (x106) and 8.2±0.78 (x104), 9.2±0.20 (x104), 8.8±0.26 (x104) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. For intertidal water, the mean values obtained for upstream, midstream and downstream were 1.24±0.82 (x107), 1.77±0.57 (x107) and 1.40±0.32 (x107) for THB, 1.08±0.92 (x106), 1.08±0.22 (x106) and1.13±0.21 (x106) for CUB, 1.00±0.60 (x107), 1.26±0.30 (x106) and 1.11±0.18 (x106) for Total fungi [TF] and 7.2±0.81 (x104), 9.6±0.4 (x104), 9.0±0.27 (x104) for CUF). While the values for benthic sediment were 1.55±0.38 (x108), 1.68±0.32 (x108), 2.24±0.34 (x108) for THB, 1.14±0.32 (x107), 1.24±0.88 (x107), 1.48±0.90 (x107) for CUB, 1.12±0.31 (x107), 1.20±0.52 (x107), 1.40±0.16 (x107) for TF and 8.2±0.12 (x105), 6.2±0.43 (x105), 1.01±0.12 (x106) for CUF. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the mean values of each physicochemical parameter across the different microhabitats and stations. This result revealed the massive impacts of anthropogenic gradients on the biology and physicochemistry of Iko River estuary.

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9

Juo, A. S. R., and L. P. Wilding. "Soils of the lowland forests of West and Central Africa." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 104 (1996): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006102.

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The forest zone of West and Central Africa comprises the coastal and adjacent inland regions bounded the semi-deciduous forests in the west and the equatorial forests in central Africa and the Congo basin. Sedimentary plains, developed mostly on weathered sandy materials, lie along the coastal stretches and cover vast areas of the Congo basin. Behind the coast the plain rises gradually to hills and plateaus of much lower elevation than those of the highlands of East Africa. Two great rivers, the Niger and the Congo, which discharge huge volumes of fresh water to the Atlantic Ocean, are major contributors to the hydrological cycles of the rain forests ecosystems of the Guinea–Congo Region. The Niger originates from the forested highlands of Guinea and discharges its waters into the Bight of Benin by way of a large delta in southern Nigeria. The Congo basin occupies an immense area of 750 000 km2, surrounded by Pre-Cambrian uplands. The alluvial floor of the saucer-shaped basin is flat, and marshes and swamps comprise a large proportion of the total area. The highlands and plateaus along the rim are low to the west and north and higher to the south. To the east, they merge with the mountains of the Great Rift Valley of East Africa (Gann & Duignan 1972; Hance 1975; Grove 1978; Hamilton 1989).

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10

Uguru, Joy Oluchi. "Ika Igbo." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45, no. 2 (July 20, 2015): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100315000067.

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Ika is a dialect of the Igbo language spoken in Ika South and Ika North East Local Government Areas of Delta State and the Igbanke area of Edo State in Nigeria. It belongs to the Niger Igbo cluster of dialects (Ikekeonwu 1986) spoken in areas bordering the west of the River Niger; Nwaozuzu (2008) refers to these dialects as West Niger Group of Dialects. A word list of Ika, written by Williamson (1968), was one of the earliest works on Ika and she points out in that work that Ika (and Ukwuani), though regarded as dialects of Igbo, are treated as separate on purely linguistic grounds. Ika phonology differs from that of Standard Igbo and other Igbo dialects and this is why the study of Ika has been of major interest to Igbo linguists in recent years. There have been moves to grant Ika a language status, as seen in the assignment of a unique reference code to Ika: the ISO language code for Ika is ISO 639–3 ikk while that for Igbo is ISO 639–3 ibo. Standard Igbo has the same consonants as Ika though the latter has two consonants, /ʃ/and/ʒ/, which do not exist in the Standard dialect. However, the vocalic system of Ika is largely different from that of Standard and some Igbo dialects which have eight vowels. Ika has a nine-vowel system which includes the schwa, which is a variant of some vowels. Furthermore, it has nine nasal vowels; Standard Igbo and other dialects of Igbo have no nasal vowels. Ika manifests intonation in addition to lexical tone. Standard Igbo and other Igbo dialects do not manifest intonation in the same way as Ika does; that is, they do not express attitudes and emotions through intonation. They manifest only lexical tone. In an earlier study of Northern Igbo dialects, Ikekeonwu (1986) could only discover the existence of upstep in Abakaliki dialect. Okorji (1991) and Egbeji (1999) have studied the intonation of Umuchu, an inland West dialect of Igbo. Their findings, particularly Egbeji’s, show that a declarative sentence can be changed to an interrogative one (repetitive question) by use of intonation. This is a syntactic function which can also be likened to what happens in Standard and most other Igbo dialects where the tone of the pronominal subject changes from high to low in the indication of interrogation. At present, therefore, there appears to be no evidence that attitudes and emotions can be expressed through intonation in Umuchu and other Igbo dialects as is observed in Ika.

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11

Thom, Derrick J., and John C. Wells. "Farming Systems in the Niger Inland Delta, Mali." Geographical Review 77, no. 3 (July 1987): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214124.

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12

Bedaux, Rogier, Kevin MacDonald, Alain Person, Jean Polet, Kléna Sanogo, Annette Schmidt, and Samuel Sidibé. "The Dia archaeological project: rescuing cultural heritage in the Inland Niger Delta (Mali)." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (December 2001): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089419.

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Mali is a country with a rich history and diverse cultures. Its cultural heritage is, however, threatened by both the pillage of archaeological sites and illicit trade (ICOM 1995; Bedaux & Rowlands, this volunle). Looting has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in the Inland Delta of the Niger, and has obliged Malian authorities to take measures to counteract this destruction. Within the framework of a long-term Malian-Dutch cultural heritage programme, the Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde at Leiden recently initiated large-scale excavations in the Inland Niger Delta at Dia, in close cooperation with the Université du Mali, the Institut des Sciences Humaines and the Musée National du Mali in Bamako, the Mission Culturelle in Djenné, the Universities of Paris I and VI, the C.N.R.S., University College London and Leiden University. This excavation, financed principally by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, started in 1998 and will continue until 2004. It is a continuation of previous international programmes of site survey and documentation in the Inland Niger Delta, which the Institut des Sciences Humaines in Bamako has co-ordinated over the past two decades (e.g. Raimbault & Sanogo 1991; Dembele et al. 1993; Togola 1996). An initial season of prospection was carried out in 1998 in the Inland Delta, following which the vicinity of Dia was chosen as the principal research zone for the project.

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13

Orisakwe, O. E., R. Asomugha Not Available, E. Obi, O. J. Afonne, C. E. Dioka, D. Akumka, and N. A. Ilondu. "Ecotoxicological Study of the Niger-Delta Area of the River Niger." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-001-0042-x.

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14

Nwaka, S. U., I. A. Isangedighi, and N. L. Isemin. "Inland fisheries: Status, management and related conflicts in the niger delta, Nigeria." Journal of Aquatic Sciences 34, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jas.v34i1.8.

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The importance of inland fisheries sector cannot be over-emphasized and its significance in providing food security and generating local income is not in doubt. Production from inland open water capture fisheries is declining due to over-exploitation and habitat degradation. The rapidly declining catch from fish landing is a possible indication that the fish yields of most Nigerian inland waters are generally low for causes that may range from inadequate management of fisheries to degradation of water bodies. Artisanal fishing in the Niger Delta is faced with myriads of obstacles emanating from human activities; one of these problems being the menace of the commercial fishing trawlers and activities of the oil companies in the area. The local supply of fish and fishery products consists of production from the artisanal (85%), industrial (14%) and Aquaculture (1%) subsectors. The high activity level in the Niger Delta has exposed the area to the dangers of pollution of water, land and air as well as oil spills which have endangered aquatic life as well as the entire ecosystem, topography and surface vegetation leading to loss of biodiversity and conflicts. The contribution of fisheries to the nation economy is very significant in terms of employment, income generation, poverty alleviation, foreign exchange earnings and provision of raw materials for the animal feed industry. In order for biodiversity conservation to be effective, management measures must be broad based. Keywords: Inland Fisheries, Aquaculture, Over-exploitation, Sustainable, and Pollution.

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15

Gårdestedt, Caroline, Mama Plea, Gertrud Nilsson, Birgitta Jacks, and Gunnar Jacks. "Zinc in Soils, Crops, and Meals in the Niger Inland Delta, Mali." AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 38, no. 6 (September 2009): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/08-r-485.1.

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16

Sall, M., B. Jacks, and G. Jacks. "Breastfeeding and weaning in a village in the Niger Inland Delta, Mali." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 5, no. 1 (January 2011): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2011.5.1.9.

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17

Abam, T. K. S., and W. O. Omuso. "On river cross-sectional change in the Niger Delta." Geomorphology 34, no. 1-2 (August 2000): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(99)00129-4.

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18

Seiyaboh, EI, TCN Angaye, and WE Alagha. "Sedimentary Assessment of Basic River in the Niger Delta: A Case Study of Orashi River in the Eastern Niger Delta of Nigeria." Greener Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences 4, no. 3 (December 20, 2016): 051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjges.2014.1.1205131014.

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Seiyaboh, EI, TCN Angaye, and WE Alagha. "Sedimentary Assessment of Basic River in the Niger Delta: A Case Study of Orashi River in the Eastern Niger Delta of Nigeria." Greener Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences 4, no. 3 (December 20, 2016): 051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjges.2016.3.122116218.

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20

Grunne, Bernard De. "An Art Historical Approach to the Terracotta Figures of the Inland Niger Delta." African Arts 28, no. 4 (1995): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337297.

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21

de Grunne, Bernard. "Ancient Sculpture of the Inland Niger Delta and Its Influence on Dogon Art." African Arts 21, no. 4 (August 1988): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336745.

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22

Akana, Tombra, and Olubunmi Adeigbe. "Channel characteristics and planform dynamics of the lower Niger River, Niger Delta Basin (1985–2015)." Geology, Geophysics and Environment 45, no. 4 (January 25, 2020): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2019.45.4.291.

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This study used repeat satellite imagery and Geographic Information System analysis to assess the plan-form dynamics along the length of the lower Niger River Valley from Onitsha city to the coast between 1985 and 2015. The aim is to understand the altered dynamics and its plausible causes in this data-poor region. Analyses revealed that the Niger River has undergone change corresponding to enhanced instability in terms of an increased rate of erosion. In the study area, a change was observed from 3.7% of deposition in the first 10 years (1985–1995) to 3.9% of erosion in the next 10 years (1995–2005) and 4.7% of erosion in the last 10 years (2005–2015). Total erosion over the 30-year period (1985–2015) in the delta was calculated on 4.8%. The river channel has migrated toward the east in the upper and lower reaches while the mid-section of the channel is migrating towards the west. The east river bank is observed to be more unstable compared to west bank line through the study period. The maximum shifts identified were 3.35 km of deposition in 10 years (1985–1995), 3.31 km of erosion in the next 10 years (1995–2005), and another substantial erosional shift of 3.35 km in the next 10 years (2005–2015). Avulsion rates gradually moved from −42.1 m ∙ year−1 (1985–2005, segment F) to 100.2 m ∙ year−1 (1985–1995, segment D), large deposition in the first 10 years. Total avulsion rates of the delta in the last 30 years (1985–2015) has pointed on erosion (−2.2 m ∙ year−1). The altered dynamics observed would likely threaten the future of the frag-ile lower river system environment and raise concerns for operators with infrastructure within the Niger Delta.

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23

You, Cheng, Jimmy Chi-Hung Fung, and Wai Po Tse. "Response of the Sea Breeze to Urbanization in the Pearl River Delta Region." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 7 (July 2019): 1449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0081.1.

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AbstractThe Pearl River delta (PRD) region has undergone rapid urbanization since the 1980s, which has had significant effects on the sea-breeze circulation in this region. Because the sea breeze plays an important role in pollutant transportation and convective initiation in the PRD region, it is meaningful to study the effects of urbanization on the sea breeze. In this study, three numerical experiments were conducted from 2 June to 31 August 2010 with land-use data from 1988, 1999, and 2010. For each simulation, characteristics of the sea breeze such as the start time, end time, intensity, height, pumping ability, and inland penetration distance were quantified. By comparing the characteristics of the sea breeze in these simulations, its response to urbanization was quantified. The results show that urbanization enhances the duration, height, and intensity of the sea breeze but blocks its inland penetration. One physical mechanism is proposed to dynamically elucidate the response of the sea breeze to urbanization. Because the urban area in the PRD region is concentrated near the coast, urbanization imposes a positive heating gradient on the coastal region and a negative heating gradient on the region farther inland. The positive heating gradient may intensify the sea breeze, and the negative heating gradient may prevent the sea breeze from propagating farther inland.

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Kravtsova, V. I., V. N. Mikhailov, and A. S. Kozyukhina. "Hydrological-morphological and landscape features of the Niger River delta." Water Resources 35, no. 2 (March 2008): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0097807808020012.

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DiBlasi, Michael, and Susan Keech McIntosh. "Excavations at Jenne-Jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali), the 1981 Season." Journal of Field Archaeology 25, no. 1 (1998): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530462.

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Kingdom, Tonbarapagha, and Aduabobo Ibitoruh Hart. "Population dynamics of Niger River prawn (Macrobrachium felicinum) in Lower Taylor Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria." Zoology and Ecology 22, no. 3-4 (December 2012): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2012.704187.

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27

Musa, Z. N., I. Popescu, and A. Mynett. "Niger's Delta vulnerability to river floods due to sea level rise." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 8 (August 15, 2014): 5213–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-5213-2014.

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Abstract. An evaluation of vulnerability to sea level rise is undertaken for the Niger delta based on 17 physical, social and human influence indicators of exposure, susceptibility and resilience. The assessment used GIS techniques to evaluate and analyse the indicators and the index of coastal vulnerability to floods, if sea level rise conditions are occurring. Each indicator value is based on data extracted from various sources including remote sensing, measured historical data series and literature search. Further indicators are ranked on a scale from 1 to 5 representing "very low" to "very high" vulnerability, based on their values. These ranks are used to determine a similar rank for the defined coastal vulnerability index (CVSLRI). Results indicate that 42.2% of the Niger delta is highly vulnerable to sea level rise; such areas been characterized by low slopes, low topography, high mean wave heights, and unconfined aquifers. Moreover the analysis of social and human influences on the environment indicate high vulnerability to sea level rise due to its ranking for type of aquifer, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, population growth, sediment supply and groundwater consumption. Such results may help decision makers during planning, to take proper adaptive measures for reducing Niger Delta's vulnerability, as well as increasing the resilience to potential future floods.

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Toyin Olabisi, Odutola, and Amobi Chukwuka. "Experimental Investigation of Pipeline Corrosion in a Polluted Niger Delta River." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering 8, no. 1 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20200801.13.

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29

CHINDAH, ALEX CHUKS, and ANWAINI OSUAMKPE. "The fish assemblage of the lower Bonny river, Niger Delta, Nigeria." African Journal of Ecology 32, no. 1 (March 1994): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1994.tb00555.x.

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30

Okpara, D. A., and M. B. Offiong. "Morphodynamics of river and coastal transport of sediments in mega delta basin, Niger Delta Nigeria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 424 (January 27, 2020): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/424/1/012010.

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31

Yang, Chun. "Relocating labour-intensive manufacturing firms from China to Southeast Asia: a preliminary investigation." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-016-0031-4.

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China’s rise as a “world factory” since the late 1970s has been attributed to the strategic coupling of local assets in the coastal regions, viz. Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in the global production networks (GPNs) driven by transnational corporations (TNCs). Since 2000, these export-led regions have encountered unprecedented challenges, particularly the rising cost of labour, which have engendered spatial relocation of labour-intensive manufacturing firms from coastal China to lowercost locations such as inland China and neighbouring Southeast Asian countries. A rich body of literature has examined the internal relocation of TNCs from coastal to inland China, relatively little has been conducted on cross-border industrial relocation out of China to Southeast Asian countries. Drawing upon the global production networks (GPNs) perspective, this study attempts to examine the relocation of TNCs from China’s coastal regions, e.g. the Pearl River Delta (PRD) to Southeast Asian countries, e.g. Indonesia, Vietnam and Cambodia. Particular attention is paid to the rise of Global South and its subsequent implications for the restructuring of global manufacturing in the increasingly globalizing economy.

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32

Dada, Olusegun A., Guangxue Li, Lulu Qiao, Yinusa Ayodele Asiwaju-Bello, and Adeleye Yekini Biodun Anifowose. "Recent Niger Delta shoreline response to Niger River hydrology: Conflict between forces of Nature and Humans." Journal of African Earth Sciences 139 (March 2018): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.12.023.

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33

Schmidt, Annette M. "The Pre- and ProtohistoricToguéof the Niger Alluvial Plain, Mali." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 76 (2010): 319–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000542.

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The Inland Niger Delta in Mali is scattered with thousands of tell-like dwelling mounds that testify to the rich archaeological heritage of this attractive occupation area. The results of archaeological research suggest an occupation history of more than two millennia in which large urban settlements such as Djenné-Djeno and Dia play a central role. Regional surveys have revealed primary information on the vast rural hinterland of these extensive cities, but little is known about the structure and evolution of this considerable settlement system. The aim of the re-examination of 128 sites in the southern part of the Niger alluvial plain was to obtain an understanding of intersite relations based on sites' chronological, functional, socio-economic, and hierarchical differentiation and their participation in different trade networks. For the research it was crucial to find a method to date the last occupation period of the sites using surface remains. The results of the study emphasise the former occupants' preference for the most elevated landscape units close to fertile pastures, good cultivation grounds, and extensive fishing potential for their settlement sites. The occupants' ability to distribute and exchange agricultural surplus for luxury goods – imported via regional, inter-regional and trans-Saharan trade networks – is impressive, showing that they were able to compete with occupants of the large urban centres. Although the rural sites were much smaller than Djenné-Djeno and Dia, they were well connected. The rural hinterland apparently played an important role in most of the great West African empires. Population densities of the Inland Niger Delta were high for a long time, until the trade routes changed in the 15th century AD and the region became socio-politically unstable. This led to the abandonment of settlements, first around the urban settlements, and later also in the rural hinterland. The present-day occupation of the region is only a poor reflection of its impressive past.

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Enemugwem, John H., and Darlington K. Okere. "The Role of N.C. Ejituwu in the Development of Niger Delta Historiography." History in Africa 35 (January 2008): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.0.0016.

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The history of history-writing in the Niger Delta was first developed by E.J. Alagoa. However, his work, which covers the periods from 1508 to 1988, does not go into the twenty-first century. This is the case as well for N.C. Ejituwu, who extended the Delta historiography to 1999 but without including his own innovations. For this reason, this paper discusses the innovations brought by Ejituwu's role in the development of Niger Delta historiography. These are his contributions to the training of historians, the introduction of feminist history, biographical writing, and history concourse. Others include his reconstruction of the settlement histories of many Eastern and Central Niger Delta groups. Its impact on the development of the Delta historiography, analyzed here, furthered historical research in the region. Although largely a study of the work of N.C.Ejituwu, this paper is also intended as an overview of Niger Delta regional history of history writing.According to Ake, development concerns human creativity, socially or economically. N.C. Ejituwu has demonstrated his creativity in historical writing on aspects of the Niger Delta, a region of some 75,000 square kilometers stretching from the Mahin estuary in the west to the Cross River estuary in the east. This most southerly region of Nigeria has about fifty linguistic groups located on its islands and peninsulas. Historical writing in the Delta concerns these fifty clans of the Ijo ethnic nationality. Their settlement histories have been documented by Alagoa, Cookey, and Ejituwu.

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Fagbami, A. A., E. J. Udo, and C. T. I. Odu. "Vegetation damage in an oil field in the Niger Delta of Nigeria." Journal of Tropical Ecology 4, no. 1 (February 1988): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002510.

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ABSTRACTAn investigation into the causes of massive destruction of the vegetation around Tsekelewu Oil Field in the Niger Delta was carried out. The 200 km2 area suffering varying degrees of damage was mapped and the damage quantified by photo interpretation of black and white aerial photographs. Soil, surface and ground water samples were taken from the various zones for chemical analyses which included the determination of pH, electrical conductivity and soluble salt analysis.The results showed that salt accumulation decreased from the sea inland-wards, with some upsurge in the saline-fresh water transitional zone where the greatest damage occurred. The electrical conductivity of the ground water varied from 45 dS m−1 in the area of greatest damage to less than 4 dS m−1 in the fresh water zone where there was no apparent damage. The salt-tolerant species along the coast were not affected, but in the transitional saline-fresh water zone in which the electrical conductivity of ground water was greater than 30 dS m−1, all the vegetation including the relatively salt-tolerant white mangrove (Avicennia africana) were killed. This destruction is attributed to high salinity caused by salt water incursion from the sea.

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Ilechukwu, Ifenna, Nkoli M. Mgbemena, Patience O. Inagbor, and Gloria I. Ndukwe. "Assessment of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of new Calabar River, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 29, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2018-0005.

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Abstract The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment samples from the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria were determined. Grab sediment samples were collected from five stations in the river and analyzed for individual PCB congeners using gas chromatography - mass spectrometer. The Σ8PCB (sum of eight congeners) identified in the samples ranged from 0.21 to 2.16 mg/kg. Congener 105 and 194 were the most and least abundant with 34.65 % and 2.46 % respectively. The lower chlorinated congeners (below PCB 101) were prominent with 54.68 % of the total PCBs concentration in the sediments. The results of this study should make PCBs contaminants of grave concern in the Niger Delta Region.

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Ologhadien, Itolima. "Developments in river bank protection schemes in the lower Niger delta basin." MOJ Civil Engineering 5, no. 2 (2019): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojce.2019.05.00150.

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Wang, Ping, Aroloye O. Numbere, and Gerardo R. Camilo. "Long-Term Changes in Mangrove Landscape of the Niger River Delta, Nigeria." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2016.248.259.

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Akinbobola, Olusola I., and Bernard E. Njor. "Environmental Worry of River State Residents in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria." Psychology 05, no. 01 (2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.51007.

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Nwoko, Desmond, Ify Nwaogazie, and Charles Dike. "Modelling Velocity Distribution in 3-D for Nun River, Niger Delta Nigeria." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 20, no. 6 (January 10, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/33352.

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Iwegbue, Chukwujindu M. A., Eferhire Aganbi, Grace Obi, Stephen A. Osakwe, Peter M. Eguvbe, Jude E. Ogala, and Bice S. Martincigh. "Aliphatic hydrocarbon profiles in sediments of the Forcados River, Niger Delta, Nigeria." Environmental Forensics 17, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2016.1163620.

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Ihunwo, Owhonda. "Effect of Urban Effluent on River Water Quality in the Niger Delta." Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology 4, no. 4 (2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180404.13.

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Abam, T. K. S. "Factors affecting distribution of instability of river banks in the Niger delta." Engineering Geology 35, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(93)90074-m.

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Abam, T. K. S. "Aspects of alluvial river bank recession: some examples from the Niger delta." Environmental Geology 31, no. 3-4 (June 16, 1997): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050182.

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Nwilo, P. C., and O. T. Badejo. "OIL SPILL PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-567.

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ABSTRACT The coastal area of the Niger Delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in Nigeria. Oil spill incidents are common along the Nigeria. The main sources of oil spill on the Niger Delta are: vandalisation of the oil pipelines by the local inhabitants; ageing of the pipelines; oil blow outs from the flow stations; cleaning of oil tankers on the high sea and disposal of used oil into the drains by the road side mechanics. By far the most serious source of oil spill is through the vandalisation of pipelines either as a result of civil disaffection with the political process or as a criminal activity. To reduce the rate of oil incidents along the Nigerian Coast particularly as a result of vandalisation, the Federal Government through an act of the National Assembly created the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC). Part of the responsibilities of the commission is to develop a master plan for the development of the Niger Delta, provide infrastructure and create an enabling environment for industrialisation and employment. There are also several other laws dealing with issues related to oil pollution in the environment. Also, standards for the development of the environmental sensitivity index maps for the coast of Nigeria have been developed by the Environmental Systems Research institute (ESRI). These standards are to be used by all the oil companies to prepare ESI maps for their areas of operations in Nigeria. Furthermore, apart from the mechanical and chemical oil spill cleaning methods that have been used in managing oil spill problems, oil spill models have on several occasions being used to manage oil spills on the Nigerian Coast. A number of Federal and state agencies deal with the problems of oil spill in Nigeria. The agencies include: the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), the Federal Ministry of Environment, the State Ministries of Environment and the National Maritime Authority. There is also the “Clean Nigeria Associates” which is an umbrella through which the Oil companies tackle major oil spills. There is a need to create serious awareness among the populace on the implications of oil spill incidents on the environment. Governments must assist the rural communities in claiming their rights on oil spills and ensure that digital ESI maps are readily available for managing oil spill maps. Government should have strict rules for local oil tankers that would ply our coastal and inland waters as a result of the new cabotage law that is just being passed into law in the country.

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Njoku, Chukwudi Gbadebo, Joel Efiong, and Nse-Abasi Ndiyo Ayara. "A Geospatial Expose of Flood-Risk and Vulnerable Areas in Nigeria." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 11, no. 3 (July 2020): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.20200701.oa1.

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Flooding is recurrent in Nigeria, occurring yearly at different scales. This geared the need for a study to reveal local government areas (LGAs) that are at risk and vulnerable to flooding. The multi-criteria approach was adopted, using geospatial techniques and data. Factors considered were elevation, slope, rainfall intensity, and distance to river. The factors were classified, reclassified, rated, and weighed in a systematic process. Nineteen states and 114 LGAs face high risks, especially communities in the Niger Delta, around the lagoons of Lagos, along River Niger, Benue, and the Cross-River. Also, 125 LGAs in 18 states face medium flood-risk vulnerability. Consideration the population density of communities, Lagos State is the most vulnerable because of LGAs with high population densities within high flood-risk zones. Other states with communities exposed to high flood-risk vulnerability include Rivers, Kogi, Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, and Delta. The study provides information key to proactive policy formulation, mitigation, and adaptation to flood risk in Nigeria.

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Ezemonye, Lawrence, Thomas Ikpesu, and Isioma Tongo. "Distribution of Lindane in Water, Sediment, and Fish from the Warri River of the Niger Delta, Nigeria." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-59-2008-1906.

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Distribution of Lindane in Water, Sediment, and Fish from the Warri River of the Niger Delta, NigeriaThis paper is the first attempt to quantify the levels and the distribution pattern of lindane in the surface water, sediment and fish (Chrysichthys furcatus and Tilapia zilli). The samples were collected from three stations (Ovwian, Ekakpamre, and Ovu) of the Warri River in the western Niger Delta of Nigeria in 2006: during the dry (January-April) and wet seasons (May-August). The analysis included a total of 96 samples made up of 24 samples each for water, sediment, and fish. The pesticide levels were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography to elucidate its distribution in various environmental compartments. Residue levels in the matrices ranged from below the detection limit (BDL) to 1.37μg L-1 in water, BDL to 12.66 μg g-1 dry weight (dw) in sediment, BDL to 16.67 μg g-1dw in Chrysichthys furcatus, and BDL to 0.15 μg g-1dw in Tilapia zilli. The observed values were above the ecological benchmarks (0.01 μg L-1) recommended by the Nigerian Environmental Protection Agency and European Union. They were also relatively higher than in previous studies on the Nigerian environment, which calls for regular monitoring of the Niger Delta water bodies.

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Gourcy, Laurence. "Le delta central du fleuve Niger agit-il comme un piège à éléments dissous et particulaires ? / Is the Niger inland delta a trap for dissolved and suspended matter ?" Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 49, no. 1 (1996): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1996.1935.

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Musa, Z. N., I. Popescu, and A. Mynett. "The Niger Delta's vulnerability to river floods due to sea level rise." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 12 (December 19, 2014): 3317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-3317-2014.

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Abstract. An evaluation of vulnerability to sea level rise is undertaken for the Niger Delta based on 17 physical, social and human influence indicators of exposure, susceptibility and resilience. The assessment used geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to evaluate and analyse the indicators and the index of coastal vulnerability to floods, if sea level rise conditions are occurring. Each indicator value is based on data extracted from various sources, including remote sensing, measured historical data series and a literature search. Further on, indicators are ranked on a scale from 1 to 5 representing "very low" to "very high" vulnerability, based on their values. These ranks are used to determine a similar rank for the defined coastal vulnerability index (CVSLRI). Results indicate that 42.6% of the Niger Delta is highly vulnerable to sea level rise, such areas being characterised by low slopes, low topography, high mean wave heights, and unconfined aquifers. Moreover, the analysis of social and human influences on the environment indicate high vulnerability to sea level rise due to its ranking for type of aquifer, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, population growth, sediment supply and groundwater consumption. Such results may help decision makers during planning to take proper adaptive measures for reducing the Niger Delta's vulnerability, as well as increasing the resilience to potential future floods.

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Havinga, Hendrik. "Towards Sustainable River Management of the Dutch Rhine River." Water 12, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061827.

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Two thousand years of human interventions has heavily modified the Dutch Rhine river. Situated in a densely populated and developed delta, the river and its infrastructure fulfil important societal functions: safety against flooding, inland waterways, nature, freshwater supply, and agriculture. Programs to improve individual functions increasingly lead to conflicts with other functions and therefore call for an integrated approach. This paper reviews the history of the Dutch Rhine and documents the sectoral improvement programs in recent decades, explaining adverse effects such as the large-scale bed degradation at rates of up to 4 cm per year. The lessons from the past are used to propose avenues for future integrated and sustainable river training and river management, arguing that mitigating adverse effects while maintaining societal functions requires a combination of recurrent sediment management measures and extensive structural measures that may change the layout of the river system.

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