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Journal articles on the topic 'Inner forces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Juhás, Pavol, and Ingrid Juhásová Šenitková. "The Inner Forces Redistribution of Continuous Beams." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 960 (December 10, 2020): 042086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/960/4/042086.

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2

Nguyen, Yann, Guillaume Kazmitcheff, Daniele De Seta, Mathieu Miroir, Evelyne Ferrary, and Olivier Sterkers. "Definition of Metrics to Evaluate Cochlear Array Insertion Forces Performed with Forceps, Insertion Tool, or Motorized Tool in Temporal Bone Specimens." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/532570.

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Introduction. In order to achieve a minimal trauma to the inner ear structures during array insertion, it would be suitable to control insertion forces. The aim of this work was to compare the insertion forces of an array insertion into anatomical specimens with three different insertion techniques: with forceps, with a commercial tool, and with a motorized tool.Materials and Methods. Temporal bones have been mounted on a 6-axis force sensor to record insertion forces. Each temporal bone has been inserted, with a lateral wall electrode array, in random order, with each of the 3 techniques.Resu

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3

Blech, J. J. "Annular Compressible Squeeze Films." Journal of Tribology 107, no. 4 (1985): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261126.

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The exact solution for annular isothermal squeeze films in either parallel or tilting simple harmonic motion of small amplitude is derived. Pressure distributions, forces and moments are given for any inner to outer radius ratio. Comparison of cutoff frequencies with approximate values of previous works indicates that for low inter to outer radius, there exist deviations between the approximate frequencies to the present values. Damping forces correlate well with Green and Etsion’s work for low squeeze numbers and moderately large inner to outer radius ratios.

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4

Zhou, Yannan, Jixia Huang, Mingxiang Huang, and Yicheng Lin. "The Driving Forces of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emissions Have Spatial Spillover Effects in Inner Mongolia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (2019): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101735.

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To spatially analyze the effects of the major drivers on carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) emissions in Inner Mongolia, a typical area with high CO2eq emissions in China, this paper quantitatively investigates the factors that affect county-level CO2eq emissions and the corresponding spatial mechanisms. Based on a spatial panel econometric model with related energy and economic data from 101 counties in Inner Mongolia between 2007 and 2012, four main results are obtained: (a) The CO2eq emissions in Inner Mongolia rapidly increased at an average annual growth rate of 7.27% from 2007 to 2012, in

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5

Buffett, Bruce A., and Jeremy Bloxham. "Deformation of Earth's inner core by electromagnetic forces." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 24 (2000): 4001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011790.

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6

Pho, Nguyen Van, and Nguyen Xuan Chinh. "A method for evaluation reliability of system." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 18, no. 4 (1996): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/10115.

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In this paper, the authors have presented a method for evaluation reliability of system. The method includes three steps: - Deterministic calculation by finite element method to find inner forces of structure. In which aloes of design parameters and loads are chosen as their expectations. - To find reliability of every element according to statistic data's of design parameters and sternal loads. In which inner forces of structure are external force of element. - To evaluate reliability of system by to determine lower and upper bounds. For illustration, evaluation of reliability of multi-story

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Anuwongnukroh, Niwat, Nittaya Jiraanankul, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Pornkiat Churnjitapirom, and Peerapong Tua-Ngam. "Comparison of Dimensions and Residual Forces of Various Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.315.

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Objective: The study aimed to compare dimensions and residual forces of various commercial type orthodontic elastomeric ligatures available in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The study compared 5 types of elastomeric ligatures: MU-MTEC, UnitekTM, MorelliTM, WelovehealthTM and DentsplyTM. A digital caliper was used to measure dimensions: the inner and outer diameters and cross-sectional thickness. Then the initial extension force and residual force on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14 and 28 were measured according to ISO 21606: 2007. The data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman

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8

Sudlow, Brian. "Inner Screens and Cybernetic Battlefields." Cultural Politics 11, no. 2 (2015): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-2895795.

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José Padilha’s new RoboCop (2014) film can be read in the light of Paul Virilio’s theoretical work, notably Desert Screen. RoboCop serves as the city’s warrior but also as a munition in the hands of global media forces. Still, even if the film presents the fallibility of robotic technology, its true failure is in sustaining the progressivist myth of technology perfectly under human control.

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Yaeger, Kurt, Annabelle Iserson, Paul Singh, et al. "A technical comparison of thrombectomy vacuum aspiration systems." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 12, no. 1 (2019): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-014929.

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IntroductionImproved functional outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy for emergent large vessel occlusion depend on expedient reperfusion after clinical presentation. Device technology has improved substantially over the years, and several commercial options exist for both large-bore aspiration catheters and suction pump systems.ObjectiveTo compare various vacuum pumps and examine the aspiration forces they generate as well as the force of catheter tip detachment from an artificial thrombus.MethodsUsing an artificial thrombus made from polyvinyl alcohol gel, we tested various mechanical chara

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10

Chugunov, A. I., and N. N. Shchechilin. "Crucial role of neutron diffusion in the crust of accreting neutron stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 495, no. 1 (2020): L32—L36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa055.

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ABSTRACT Observed temperatures of transiently accreting neutron stars in the quiescent state are generally believed to be supported by deep crustal heating, associated with non-equilibrium exothermic reactions in the crust. Traditionally, these reactions are studied by considering nuclear evolution governed by compression of the accreted matter. Here, we show that this approach has a basic weakness; that is, in some regions of the inner crust the conservative forces, applied for matter components (nuclei and neutrons), are not in mechanical equilibrium. In principle, the force balance can be r

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11

Klous, Miriam, Erich Müller, and Hermann Schwameder. "Three-Dimensional Knee Joint Loading in Alpine Skiing: A Comparison Between a Carved and a Skidded Turn." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 6 (2012): 655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.6.655.

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Limited data exists on knee biomechanics in alpine ski turns despite the high rate of injuries associated with this maneuver. The purpose of the current study was to compare knee joint loading between a carved and a skidded ski turn and between the inner and outer leg. Kinetic data were collected using Kistler mobile force plates. Kinematic data were collected with five synchronized, panning, tilting, and zooming cameras. Inertial properties of the segments were calculated using an extended version of the Yeadon model. Knee joint forces and moments were calculated using inverse dynamics analys

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12

Gao, Changhong, Dacheng Cong, Xiaochu Liu, Zhidong Yang, and Han Tao. "Hybrid position/force control of 6-dof hydraulic parallel manipulator using force and vision." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 3 (2016): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-10-2015-0192.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a hybrid position/force control scheme using force and vision for docking task of a six degrees of freedom (6-dof) hydraulic parallel manipulator (HPM). Design/methodology/approach The vision system consisted of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, and a laser distance sensor is used to provide globe relative position information. Also, a force plate is used to measure local contact forces. The proposed controller has an inner/outer loop structure. The inner loop takes charge of tracking command pose signals from outer loop as accurate as possib

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Muguruma, Takeshi, Masahiro Iijima, Toshihiro Yuasa, Kyotaro Kawaguchi, and Itaru Mizoguchi. "Characterization of the coatings covering esthetic orthodontic archwires and their influence on the bending and frictional properties." Angle Orthodontist 87, no. 4 (2017): 610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/022416-161.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the coatings covering esthetic orthodontic wires and the influence of such coatings on bending and frictional properties. Materials and Methods: Four commercially available, coated esthetic archwires were evaluated for their cross-sectional dimensions, surface roughness (Ra), nanomechanical properties (nanohardness, nanoelastic modulus), three-point bending, and static frictional force. Matched, noncoated control wires were also assessed. Results: One of the coated wires had a similar inner core dimension and elasticity compared to the noncoated control wire, and

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14

Zhou, Xiao Yong, Na Li, and Bing Shuang Xu. "Effective Algorithm for Inner Forces Influence Surface of Hexahedral Elements Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1459.

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Based on reciprocal theorem of work, and the physical geometry equations of finite element, the paper presented a new method to calculate influence surface of inner forces for hexahedral element finite models; it can be used to calculate directly in the solid element finite model. It possesses the characteristics of clarification and simplicity. Compared with the static method and mobile method, it can improve computing precision, and also reduce the amount of the calculation.

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15

Gatti, Carlo. "Looking at local classical and quantum forces in stable crystals using multipole-model refined electron densities and orbital-free DFT approximations." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 76, no. 5 (2020): 724–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520620012895.

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Two distinct approaches, that of energy and that of force, are adopted in quantum mechanics to get insights on chemical processes. In the second one, the net forces acting on the electrons and nuclei in a system (Ehrnefest and Hellmann–Feynman forces, respectively) are determined and a local version of the approach, in terms of force density fields rather than forces, has also been proposed for electrons. This is the path followed by Tsirelson & Stash (2020) in this issue of Acta Crystallographica Section B, to study for the first time the spatial distribution of the electronic forces of d

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16

Bohiniková, Alžbeta, Iveta Jančigová, and Ivan Cimrák. "Modeling Red Blood Cell Viscosity Contrast Using Inner Soft Particle Suspension." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080974.

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The inner viscosity of a biological red blood cell is about five times larger than the viscosity of the blood plasma. In this work, we use dissipative particles to enable the proper viscosity contrast in a mesh-based red blood cell model. Each soft particle represents a coarse-grained virtual cluster of hemoglobin proteins contained in the cytosol of the red blood cell. The particle interactions are governed by conservative and dissipative forces. The conservative forces have purely repulsive character, whereas the dissipative forces depend on the relative velocity between the particles. We de

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17

Zhou, Wei. "Inner Force Analysis of Two Typical Frames with Vertical Displacement." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.341.

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Finite element method is often used to obtain exact solution in the course of internal force calculation of some complex frames which contain nodal vertical displacement such as frames with transferring layer and mega-frames with sub-structure. In the phase of scheme comparison and schematic design, methods which can quickly produce calculation results of the above said frameworks are necessary. Based on the basic principle of displacement method, this paper proposes a simple analytical method for frameworks that contain nodal vertical displacement. According to the proposal, the basic structu

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18

Bae, Sungryong, Jun-Ho Choi, and Hong Sun Ryou. "Modification of Interaction Forces between Smoke and Evacuees." Energies 13, no. 16 (2020): 4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164177.

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The most used fire effect models on evacuees are only focused on the physical capacity of the evacuees. However, some of the evacuees in a fire situation continuously move through the familiar route, although the familiar route is smoke-filled and they know that they are moving towards the fire source. Thus, the additional evacuation models are required for considering the behavioral changes due to the psychological pressure when the evacuees are moving through the smoke or towards the fire source. In this study, the inner smoke region force is modified to improve the accuracy and practicality

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19

Bohn, D., G. H. Dibelius, E. Deuker, and R. Emunds. "Flow Pattern and Heat Transfer in a Closed Rotating Annulus." Journal of Turbomachinery 116, no. 3 (1994): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929443.

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The prediction of the temperature distribution in a gas turbine rotor containing gasfilled closed cavities, for example between two disks, has to account for the heat transfer conditions encountered inside these cavities. In an entirely closed annulus no forced convection is present, but a strong natural convection flow occurs induced by a nonuniform density distribution in the centrifugal force field. A computer code has been developed and applied to a rotating annulus with square cross section as a base case. The co-axial heat flux from one side wall to the other was modeled assuming constan

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20

Xu, W., T. G. Frank, and A. Cuschieri. "Development of a shape memory alloy multiple-point injector for chemotherapy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 219, no. 3 (2005): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441105x9354.

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A medical needle is described that allows injection to take place at multiple sites through a single stab wound. This is achieved by extruding multiple, thin, and curved internal needles from a larger, straight, outer needle. The development and finite element modelling of the shape memory alloy (SMA) inner needles is presented in this paper. A non-linear elastic element model was used in this process to allow for the non-linear properties of the alloy and the large deformations that occur. The model provided maximum strain values and penetration forces for the inner needles. The deformation f

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21

Podryabinkin, E. V., and V. Ya Rudyak. "Moment and forces exerted on the inner cylinder in eccentric annular flow." Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 20, no. 3 (2011): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1810232811030106.

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22

Yan, Xiaoxiao, Jing Li, Yang Shao, et al. "Driving forces of grassland vegetation changes in Chen Barag Banner, Inner Mongolia." GIScience & Remote Sensing 57, no. 6 (2020): 753–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2020.1794395.

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23

Castro, Carlos, Nicolae Cîndea, and Arnaud Münch. "Controllability of the Linear One-dimensional Wave Equation with Inner Moving Forces." SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 52, no. 6 (2014): 4027–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/140956129.

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24

Ye, Yifu, Tongxiang Fan, Yuxia Shang, and Zongmin Chen. "Difference factor between inner- and interlayer bond forces in M3C pattern carbides." Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences 40, no. 4 (1997): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02919429.

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25

Tu, Chun Juan, Xu Hong Guo, Wei Wang, and Chi Hong Wang. "Comparison Research on the Machinability of Hardened Steel when Dry Turning with Ceramic and CBN Cutting Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.573.

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Researching on dry turning hardened steel was to replace the grinding with turning, which would improve efficiency and reduce cost. The contrast experiments of turning hardened steel with ceramic and CBN cutting tools were carried out. The cutting forces of two tools with different cutting parameters were measured by Kistler cutting force acquisition system. The difference with two chips was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The experimental equations of cutting forces were built up by the linear regression analysis method. The results indicated that the variation trend of cutting

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Cubel, Francisco, Juan Roldan, Jose Vercher, and Enrique Gil. "Study of the Mechanical Behavior against Horizontal Forces of Self-Supporting Facades." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.27.

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The brick façades are one of the most used façades in the current architecture. This typology is used during centuries, but still relevant today. The conventional way to build a brick façade is supporting the outer sheet on the slabs of the building. In buildings with these conventional façades have appeared stability, insulation and sealing problems.The self-supporting façade appears to solve these problems easily. This type of façade can solve more easily thermal bridges in buildings, which is an optimization of energy consumption. To resist horizontal forces façades need anchors between the

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27

SPRINGER, A. D., and A. E. HENDRICKSON. "Development of the primate area of high acuity, 3: Temporal relationships between pit formation, retinal elongation and cone packing." Visual Neuroscience 22, no. 2 (2005): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252380522206x.

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By establishing an avascular, highly elastic, region within the fetal area of high acuity (AHA), the developing primate eye has created a unique substrate on which the mechanical forces of intraocular pressure (IOP) and growth-induced retinal stretch (stretch) can act. We proposed (Springer & Hendrickson, 2004b) that these forces generate both the pit and high cone density found in the adult AHA. In this paper, we use quantitative measures to determine the temporal relationships between nasal and temporal retinal elongation, changes in pit depth, cone packing, and cone morphology over M. n

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Ashmore, D. R., E. J. Williams, and S. McWilliam. "Hydrodynamic support and dynamic response for an inner-piloted bearing cage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 217, no. 1 (2003): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441003763031806.

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Although many attempts have been made to model rolling-element bearings with inner-piloted cages, they all simplify the hydrodynamic cage-support mechanism. This can mean that some cage behaviour is inadequately explained, such as cage lap. This paper presents the development of a new three-dimensional analysis of the hydrodynamic support for an inner-piloted cage for a rolling-element bearing incorporating starved-film conditions. The solution of the generalized Reynolds equation along with a continuity equation leads to analytical expressions for the hydrodynamic forces. The equations of mot

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29

Ebrahimi, M., and S. A. Jazayeri. "A Theoretical Study of the Internal Forces in a Hydraulic Vane Pump with Hypertrochoid Curve in the Inner Surface of its Stator." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.301.

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In the latest our works, Performance of a fixed displacement- hydraulic balance vane pump, theoretically and practically was studied by application of the basic hypertrochoid curve in the inner surface of its stator. Also the effect of the inertia force of the vanes on the performance of the pump with this curve was studied. This study presents a theoretical analysis of the internal pressure distribution in the pump, and of the resulting forces and torques applied to its components. This analysis is essential to the study of the pump dynamics and control, the pump design, and selection of the

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30

Zhang, Jia Fan. "Analytical Solution and Engineering Application of the Inclined Rectangle Plate under Longitudinal and Lateral Load." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.696.

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To the inclined rectangle plate subjected to forces acting longitudinally and laterally, the analytical solution of deflection, stress and inner force, considering the influence of inner force in central surface on the bending of the plate, were given by using the theory of plate and energy method. In accordance with the characteristics of structural form of rock layers in horizontal section top coal sublevel caving for the mining steep seam, deflected deformation rules of the roof and evolution path along influencing factors were discussed, the critical technical parameter of horizontal secti

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Iswahyudi, Sigit, and Wandi Arnandi. "Thrust Force of Three Circular Windings of Conductor in Magnetic Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 836 (June 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.836.20.

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An initial study of manipulated electric motor design to produce one axis thrust force without rotation was conducted. A cylindrical electromagnetic propulsion system has a diameter of 75 mm and a height of 90 mm made of ST 60 steel was tested. The system has a coil as conductor carrying current to produce thrust force and a coil to produce magnetic flux in its inner part. There were three windings of coils producing forces have effective diameter of 32 mm that were varied in their loops distance. The coil producing magnetic flux has 148 windings of 1 mm isolated cable on ferrite core. The thr

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32

Smith, Alexander, Plinio Maroni, Michal Borkovec, and Gregor Trefalt. "Measuring Inner Layer Capacitance with the Colloidal Probe Technique." Colloids and Interfaces 2, no. 4 (2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids2040065.

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The colloidal probe technique was used to measure the inner layer capacitance of an electrical double layer. In particular, the forces were measured between silica surfaces and sulfate latex surfaces in solutions of monovalent salts of different alkali metals. The force profiles were interpreted with Poisson-Boltzmann theory with charge regulation, whereby the diffuse layer potential and the regulation properties of the interface were obtained. While the diffuse layer potential was measured in this fashion in the past, we are able to extract the regulation properties of the inner layer, in par

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Li, Zhi Miao, Ju Bao Liu, Min Luo, and Qiang Zhang. "Dynamic Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Study of Rotating Column in Cylinder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.453.

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Rotary slender column in cylinder is a special structure in oil engineering. It contacts with outer cylinder and interacts with its inner pipe fluid and outer annular fluid. A partitioned coupling model was founded by dispersing slender column into beam element, dividing fluid domain into some sections, dispersing fluid section into hexahedron unit and transfer method of the information of coupling interface was described. Dynamics experimental device of column-liquid interaction was built to do column rotating test with considering the displacement and force boundary conditions of rotating co

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34

Sadhal, S. S., and H. N. Oguz. "Stokes flow past compound multiphase drops: the case of completely engulfed drops/bubbles." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 160 (November 1985): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112085003585.

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In this paper the translatory motion of a compound drop is examined in detail for low-Reynolds-number flow. The compound drop, consisting of a liquid drop or a gas bubble completely coated by another liquid, moves in a third immiscible fluid. An exact solution for the flow field is found in the limit of small capillary numbers by approximating the two interfaces to be spherical. The solution is found for the general case of eccentric configuration with motion of the inner sphere relative to the outer together with the motion of the system in the continuous phase. The results show that the visc

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35

Sayın, Erdem, and Canan Eronat. "The dynamics of İzmir Bay under the effects of wind and thermohaline forces." Ocean Science 14, no. 2 (2018): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-14-285-2018.

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Abstract. The dominant circulation pattern of İzmir Bay on the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey is studied taking into consideration the influence of wind and thermohaline forces. İzmir Bay is discussed by subdividing the bay into outer, middle and inner areas. Wind is the most important driving force in the İzmir coastal area. There are also thermohaline forces due to the existence of water types of different physical properties in the bay. In contrast to the two-layer stratification during summer, a homogeneous water column exists in winter. The free surface version of the Princeton model (Killwor

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Tärno, Ülo A. "Internal Forces and Cracks in Medium Length Shells." International Journal of Space Structures 4, no. 3 (1989): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635118900400302.

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The paper deals with the results of theoretical and experimental studies of cylindrical and quasicylindrical shells with various types of cracks and line hinges. For the analysis of inner forces of a quasicylindrical shell the modified method of approximation of shear flow has been used taking into account the direction change of the membrane longitudinal forces. The method tries to take into account, as much as possible, the peculiarities of reinforced concrete. The paper deals with the main types of cracks in quasicylindrical and cylindrical shells with various geometrical and loading condit

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Waaijman, Kees. "inner dimensions of contemplation." STJ | Stellenbosch Theological Journal 6, no. 2 (2021): 433–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17570/stj.2020.v6n2.a20.

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This contribution investigates the inner dimensions of contemplation and the dynamics of the spiritual process. It focusses on six paradigms taken from the Christian tradition: It firstly discusses the contemplative reader that is characterized by the interpretation of signs, read in a protected space, seeking understanding, but at the end leading to the “other” reading, brought about by the divine-human dialogue. The second type of contemplation refers to “the contemplative warrior” which is about contemplative transformation that provides a spiritual defence mechanism against destructive dem

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Le Guennec, Maeva, Nikolai Klena, Davide Gambarotto, et al. "A helical inner scaffold provides a structural basis for centriole cohesion." Science Advances 6, no. 7 (2020): eaaz4137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz4137.

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The ninefold radial arrangement of microtubule triplets (MTTs) is the hallmark of the centriole, a conserved organelle crucial for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Although strong cohesion between MTTs is critical to resist forces applied by ciliary beating and the mitotic spindle, how the centriole maintains its structural integrity is not known. Using cryo–electron tomography and subtomogram averaging of centrioles from four evolutionarily distant species, we found that MTTs are bound together by a helical inner scaffold covering ~70% of the centriole length that maintains MTTs cohesi

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Read, Tyson J. G., Paolo S. Segre, Kevin M. Middleton, and Douglas L. Altshuler. "Hummingbirds control turning velocity using body orientation and turning radius using asymmetrical wingbeat kinematics." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 116 (2016): 20160110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0110.

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Turning in flight requires reorientation of force, which birds, bats and insects accomplish either by shifting body position and total force in concert or by using left–right asymmetries in wingbeat kinematics. Although both mechanisms have been observed in multiple species, it is currently unknown how each is used to control changes in trajectory. We addressed this problem by measuring body and wingbeat kinematics as hummingbirds tracked a revolving feeder, and estimating aerodynamic forces using a quasi-steady model. During arcing turns, hummingbirds symmetrically banked the stroke plane of

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Dong, Zhenhua, Jiquan Zhang, Alu Si, Zhijun Tong, and Li Na. "Multidimensional Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Variations in Ecological, Production and Living Spaces of Inner Mongolia and an Identification of Driving Forces." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 7964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197964.

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There is increasing focus on the difficult challenge of realizing coordinated development of production, living and ecological spaces within the regional development process. An ecological–production–living space evaluation index system was established in this study based on the concept of ecological, production and living spaces (EPLSs), the relationship between land use function and land use type and the national standard of land use classification. The aim of this study was to reveal the driving forces and patterns of variation in EPLSs in Inner Mongolia from 1990 to 2015. The results indic

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Faraci, Carla, and Yong Liu. "ANALYSIS OF WAVE FORCES ACTING ON COMBINED CAISSONS WITH INNER SLOPE RUBBLE MOUND." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 34 (2014): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v34.structures.51.

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KOGA, Shohei, and Shinji HOKAMOTO. "1016 On Orbital Transfer Technique for a Rigid Satellite by Using Inner Forces." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.5 (2006): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.5.0_325.

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Sun, C., Guo Xing Lu, and K. Liu. "Dynamic Torsional Buckling of an Embedded Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.745.

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An elastic double-shell model based on continuum mechanics is presented to study the dynamic torsional buckling of an embedded double-walled carbon nanotube (EDWCNT). Based on the model, a condition is derived to predict the buckling load of the EDWCNT. It is shown that the buckling load of the EDWCNT for dynamic torsional buckling is no less than that for the static torsional buckling. Further, the effect of the van der Waals forces is discussed when an inner nanotube is inserted into an embedded outer one. In particular, the paper shows that, in the absence of the initial van der Waals force

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Parahnenko, Inna L. "Impact of lubrication on the safety of cargo traffi c." Innotrans, no. 1 (2020): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2020-1-43-45.

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The wear hardness of the wheel in the gauge when passing curved sections of the track is a primary factor for traffic safety. This parameter is determined by the ratio of the transverse force that increases when the crew passes the curved section to the dynamic vertical load from the rolling stock on the rail. Using mathematical modeling in the software package «Universal mechanism», it is proved that the use of lubrication on the tracks of both track rails reduces the longitudinal forces by up to 60% in curves of small radius and up to 30% at radius up to 1000 m. It is possible to reduce the

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Zhu, Yi-Li, and Zhong-Qiao Zheng. "The use of double-decker catcher bearing with face-to-face installed inner layer bearings." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (2017): 1740012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400127.

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In active magnetic bearing (AMB) system, the catcher bearings (CB) are indispensable to temporarily support the rotor from directly impacting the stators. In most cases, traditional CB cannot bear the ultra-high speed, vibrations and impacts after a rotor drop event. To address the shortcomings, a double-decker ball bearing (DDBB) with inner two face-to-face angular contact ball bearings are proposed to be used as CB in an AMB system, and the dynamic response of the rotor after a rotor drop event is experimentally analyzed. The results indicate that using a DDBB as a CB helps to reduce the fol

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Adachi, M., and A. Matsumoto. "Improvement of curving performance by expansion of gauge widening and additional measures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 226, no. 2 (2011): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409711408974.

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Lateral forces between wheels and rails must be reduced in order that rolling stock runs safely and smoothly on curved tracks. The excessive lateral force will cause not only derailment of rolling stock but also destruction of tracks, rail corrugation, track irregularity, squeal noise and wear. It is important to reduce lateral force of wheels in curves, so new wheel-tread profiles and steerable bogie structures have been developed up to now, however, they cannot solve various problems in curving perfectly. In this article, the authors propose three methods for improvement of running performan

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Cole, M. O. T., P. S. Keogh, and C. R. Burrows. "The Dynamic Behavior of a Rolling Element Auxiliary Bearing Following Rotor Impact." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 2 (2001): 406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1430673.

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The dynamic behavior of a rolling element bearing under auxiliary operation in rotor/magnetic bearing systems is analyzed. When contact with the rotor occurs, the inner race experiences high impact forces and rapid angular acceleration. A finite element model is used to account for flexibility of the inner race in series with non-linear ball stiffnesses arising from the ball-race contact zones. The dynamic conditions during rotor/inner race contact, including ball/race creep, are deduced from a non-linear matrix equation. The influences of bearing parameters are considered together with implic

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DasGupta, A. "Non-linear dynamics of a thin rotating disc with aerial forces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 11 (2005): 1169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x32138.

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This article presents a non-linear model of a thin rotating disc with aerial interaction. The disc, having an annular geometry, is modelled as a von Karman plate with perfectly clamped inner boundary and free outer boundary. The aerial force in the transverse direction is assumed to be produced by two effects: first, the resistance to transverse motion of the disc, and second, the viscous drag of the fluid. Non-linear dynamic analysis without and with external forces has been carried out. Using perturbation analysis, the frequency-amplitude relation is first determined, and the wave mode insta

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Patra, Pravajyoti, V. Huzur Saran, and Suraj P. Harsha. "Chaotic dynamics of cylindrical roller bearing supported by unbalanced rotor due to localized defects." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 21-22 (2020): 1898–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320912109.

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This article presents a nonlinear vibration signature study of high-speed defective cylindrical roller bearings under unbalance rotor conditions. Qualitative analysis is conducted considering a spall defect of a specific size on major elements such as outer race, inner race, and rollers. A spring-mass model with nonlinear stiffness and damping is formulated to study the dynamic behavior of the rotor-bearing model. The set of nonlinear differential equations are solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method to predict the characteristics of the discrete spectra and analyze the stability of t

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Diao, Yijue, and Rosa M. Espinosa-Marzal. "Molecular insight into the nanoconfined calcite–solution interface." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 43 (2016): 12047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605920113.

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Little is known about the influence of nanoconfinement on calcium carbonate mineralization. Here, colloidal probe atomic force microscopy is used to confine the calcite–solution interface with a silica microsphere and to measure Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) and non-DLVO forces as a function of the calcium concentration, also after charge reversal of both surfaces occurs. Through the statistical analysis of the oscillatory component of a strong hydration force, the subnanometer interfacial structure of the confined atomically flat calcite is resolved in aqueous solution. By applying

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