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1
Milbers, Zoja. "Eigenvalue Problem for the 1-Laplace Operator." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1238150433158-43544.
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We consider the eigenvalue problem associated to the 1-Laplace operator. We define higher eigensolutions by means of weak slope and establish existence of a sequence of eigensolutions by using nonsmooth critical point theory. In addition, we deduce a new necessary condition for the first eigenvalue of the 1-Laplace operator by means of inner variationsWir betrachten das zum 1-Laplace-Operator gehörige Eigenwertproblem. Wir definieren höhere Eigenlösungen mittels weak slope und weisen die Existenz einer Folge von Eigenlösungen nach, indem wir die nichtglatte Theorie kritischer Punkte anwenden. Zusätzlich leiten wir eine neue notwendige Bedingung für den ersten Eigenwert des 1-Laplace-Operators mittels innerer Variationen her
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Wahid, Ridwan Languages & Linguistics Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "The use of articles in inner and outer circle varieties of English: a comparative corpus-based study." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Languages & Linguistics, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44525.
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Articles continue to be one of the most puzzling aspects of English grammar. This thesis investigates article use variation in two groups of English varieties: Inner Circle and Outer Circle. The first group, comprising British English, American English, Australian English and New Zealand English, represents English varieties in their traditional contexts. The second group, consisting of Singapore English, Indian English, Philippine English and Kenyan English, represents varieties which are deeply entrenched in their communities due to colonial roots. The study is premised on the naturalness of corpus data. Three corpus-based analyses were conducted to investigate articles and their frequency, collocation and usage types. The frequency analysis revealed that articles are idiosyncratically used by the varieties with no clear divide between the two groups. Text types, on the other hand, emerged as a more powerful determinant of the observed frequencies. It was found that fewer articles were used in spoken language. In the collocational analysis, the varieties were found to favour different complementation patterns for two-word and multiple-world clusters. The Inner Circle varieties, however, shared more complementation patterns among them, demonstrating greater stability in terms of variation. Finally the analysis of usage types discovered marked or untypical patterns of use in the Outer Circle groups structural and situational definites. A number of untypical usages of first-mention/quantitative 'a/an' were also found in this group. In the same analysis, a case study of house uncovered a few marked uses of ??, which signalled the null form but not the zero article. Although the collective findings in this study indicate that article use in both groups of varieties has more similarities than differences, the latter leave more impression on observers. These differences can be attributed to such diverse factors as text types, socio-cultural content of collocates, specificity, recategorisation of countness, indiscriminate rule application and ungrammaticality. Theoretically, however, the variation can be captured by the application of Chestermans three composite meanings of definiteness locatability, inclusiveness and extensivity and their permutations. As an instance of nativisation, article use in the Outer Circle is limited in its diffusion. The observed innovations rarely creep into more formal registers.
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Ismail, Hanadi. "Suburbia and the inner-city : patterns of linguistic variation and change in Damascus." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446042.
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Melanson, Jeff A. "Seasonal and Tidal Variations of Sediment Transport Patterns in the Saint John Inner Harbour." Thesis, Fredericton: University of New Brunswick, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/44601.
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The Saint John Harbour is located along the Bay of Fundy in southern New Brunswick
and serves as the primary outlet for the Saint John River. Sediment movement
within the Saint John Harbour is a concern from both an ecological and operational
perspective. Seasonal measurements of current velocity and suspended sediment
concentration (SSC) have been obtained by deploying two acoustic Doppler current
profilers (ADCPs) in the inner harbour. ADCP observations spanned several months
and were nearly continuous, thus allowing for an in-depth analysis of meteorological
and tidal influences on observed hydrodynamics. A comparative assessment was
conducted for spring and neap tides, storm surges, and changes in fluvial input. It
was observed at both deployment locations that the intruding salt wedge frequently
contained high SSC. The salt wedge is believed to be a major contributor of sediment
accretion in the inner harbour, particularly during winter storm surges when river
discharge is reduced. The Courtenay Bay Channel was observed to be more sensitive
to river level, with only winter storms resulting in a landward average sediment flux.
Observations made near Courtenay Bay Channel also suggested the presence of a
cross channel flow pattern from an adjacent inter-tidal mudflat. This cross channel
flow was only observed during spring freshet conditions and contained high SSC.
Hydrodynamic observations from the study were compared with published estuarine
theory. Results of the study will help to further define hydrodynamic processes in
the Saint John Harbour.
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Roberts, Amy Louise. "Genetic variation of innate immune receptor genes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/genetic-variation-of-innate-immune-receptor-genes-in-systemic-lupus-erythematosus(9f2194d8-f4d5-4fe8-abda-b6712e34404a).html.
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Genetic variations within loci encoding cell surface receptors of the innate immune system, such as Complement Receptor 3 (CR3) and Fc gamma Receptors (FcγRs), are strongly associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Such genetic associations implicate the functional importance of these receptors in disease pathogenesis. CR3 (also known as CD18/CD11b) is an integrin receptor found on multiple immune cell types, including monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and Natural Killer (NK) cells. CR3 is a promiscuous receptor with many natural ligands, including complement fraction iC3b, ICAM-1, and β-glucan, and functions as a phagocytic receptor, leukocyte adhesion molecule, and immune regulator. ITGAM encodes the α-chain (CD11b) of CR3, and a common polymorphism (rs1143679) within ITGAM, which results in a non-synonymous amino acid substitution (R77H) in CD11b, is robustly associated with SLE (OR=1.76). In this thesis I demonstrate that the SLE-associated R77H common polymorphism does not affect the cell surface expression of CR3 on ex vivo monocytes and neutrophils in a healthy cohort of European ancestry. Additionally, a collaborative resequencing project identified two case-specific non-synonymous coding variants in ITGAM, which I demonstrate result in the under-functioning of CR3-mediated phagocytosis using an in vitro model. Finally, using a CR3-specific small molecule drug, which has therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease, I observed a CR3-dependent significant reduction in STAT5 phosphorylation following NK cell activation with cytokines. There are two genetic variants found within the FCGR locus on chromosome 1 which are robustly associated with SLE; homozygosity of the I232T (rs1050501) polymorphism within FcγRIIb (FCGR2B), and decreased gene copy number of FCGR3B. Recent work demonstrated that a consequence of a deletion at the FCGR locus, spanning the entire FCGR3B gene and parts of the upstream FCGR2C and downstream FCGR2B genes, results in ectopic expression of FcγRIIb on NK cells. In this thesis I explored the possibility of a genetic interaction between the two – copy number variation (FCGR3B) and rs1050501 (FCGR2B) - SLE-associated variants, but failed to detect such an effect within the European cohort used.
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Berry, Adrian K. "Characteristics, Evolution, and Lateral Variation of Lower Cretaceous Supradetachment Basins in the Daqing Shan, Inner Mongolia, China." DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6725.
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Lower Cretaceous basins associated with the Hohhot detachment in the Daqing Shan of Inner Mongolia, China, allow us to better understand the tectonic evolution of extensional basins formed in association with detachment faulting and metamorphic core complex formation. The six basins, informally named N1, N2, S1, S2, S3, and S4, are located in different structural settings, or depozones, throughout the detachment-metamorphic core complex setting, and although all basins are consistent with previously proposed models for supradetachment basin sedimentation, second-order variability in sedimentary style is exerted by these distinct structural settings. The basins are composed of coarse, predominantly footwall derived, conglomerate deposited by masswasting and alluvial fan processes. Paleocurrent direction is generally southerly, indicating transverse transport away from the bounding detachment fault.
Two of the basins, N2 and S3, provide us with an understanding of the temporal evolution of supradetachment basins in the upper plate of a metamorphic core complex. These basins were joined in their early stages, but were later separated as extensional unroofing exhumed the lower plate of the core complex and folded the master detachment fault, causing it to propagate a new splay to the surface. Continued extension was accommodated on this new splay, allowing for continued deposition of Lower Cretaceous strata above the detachment fault on the southern flank of the Daqing Shan antiform. Another basin, S2, displays the same stratigraphy and records a similar evolution, but we speculate that it formed separately in a primary corrugation of the master detachment fault. The only unit exposed in basin S4, located near the eastern end of the detachment, is the uppermost unit. Paleocurrent and provenance data are similar to other basins. Thus, it strongly resembles the other basins in spite of the magnitude of extension. Basin S1 is located in an intra-hanging wall setting and resembles the other basins with the exception of a centrally located fine-grained interval. Basin N1 was filled by similar depositional processes, but the proportions of fill that these processes are responsible for is variable in comparison to the other Lower Cretaceous basins in the Daqing Shan. This study establishes that the basins described are all of similar geometry and depositional style, and that supradetachment basins of this style may occur in various positions within a detachment-metamorphic core complex setting, regardless of proximity to the exhumed metamorphic core and magnitude of extension.
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Landrum, Carla. "MAPPING AND DECOMPOSING SCALE-DEPENDENT SOIL MOISTURE VARIABILITY WITHIN AN INNER BLUEGRASS LANDSCAPE." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/34.
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There is a shared desire among public and private sectors to make more reliable predictions, accurate mapping, and appropriate scaling of soil moisture and associated parameters across landscapes. A discrepancy often exists between the scale at which soil hydrologic properties are measured and the scale at which they are modeled for management purposes. Moreover, little is known about the relative importance of hydrologic modeling parameters as soil moisture fluctuates with time. More research is needed to establish which observation scales in space and time are optimal for managing soil moisture variation over large spatial extents and how these scales are affected by fluctuations in soil moisture content with time. This research fuses high resolution geoelectric and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) as auxiliary measures to support sparse direct soil sampling over a 40 hectare inner BluegrassKentucky (USA) landscape. A Veris 3100 was used to measure shallow and deep apparent electrical conductivity (aEC) in tandem with soil moisture sampling on three separate dates with ascending soil moisture contents ranging from plant wilting point to near field capacity. Terrain attributes were produced from 2010 LiDAR ground returns collected at ≤1 m nominal pulse spacing. Exploratory statistics revealed several variables best associate with soil moisture, including terrain features (slope, profile curvature, and elevation), soil physical and chemical properties (calcium, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, clay and sand) and aEC for each date. Multivariate geostatistics, time stability analyses, and spatial regression were performed to characterize scale-dependent soil moisture patterns in space with time to determine which soil-terrain parameters influence soil moisture distribution. Results showed that soil moisture variation was time stable across the landscape and primarily associated with long-range (~250 m) soil physicochemical properties. When the soils approached field capacity, however, there was a shift in relative importance from long-range soil physicochemical properties to short-range (~70 m) terrain attributes, albeit this shift did not cause time instability. Results obtained suggest soil moisture’s interaction with soil-terrain parameters is time dependent and this dependence influences which observation scale is optimal to sample and manage soil moisture variation.
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Korkmaz, Filiz. "An Analysis of Between-Cow Variation in Innate Immunity in Relation to Mastitis Severity." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/856.
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Bovine mastitis remains one of the costliest diseases affecting the dairy industry. Individual susceptibility to mastitis and severity of infection varies between animals and can only be partially explained by genetics. As such, understanding how genetic predisposition coordinately interacts with epigenetic modifications and environmental exposures is necessary to bridge the gap in missing heritability. The role of DNA methylation in regulating the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was first determined by performing reduced representation bisulfite sequencing on fibroblasts isolated from heifers at 5- and 16-months of age that exhibit an age-dependent up-regulation in LPS-responsiveness. More than 14,000 differentially methylated sites were identified between the two sets of cultures with a trend towards decreased methylation with age. Young cultures were also hyper-methylated in gene promoters regulated by NF-κB and exhibited lower expression in genes that regulate the innate immune response, suggesting that methylation contributes to gene regulation in fibroblast innate response.
Previously, TLR4 expression was shown to differ in the age-dependent fibroblast model, however, it was not known if variation in TLR4 expression would affect mastitis severity. Therefore, fibroblasts were isolated from sixty lactating, adult Holstein cows and their expression of TLR4, along with LPS-induced production of IL-8 and IL-6, was used to rank the animals from high to low. Six high responders and six low responders were then experimentally infected in one mammary gland with E. coli. Overall, severity of mastitis was quite variable, with a few notable differences between high and low responders. High responding animals had an earlier increase in somatic cell count and febrile response that coincided with more efficient bacterial clearance. However, tissue damage and milk production did not differ between the two groups, indicating that while rapid up-regulation of the innate response addresses bacterial clearance, subsequent down-regulation is required to alleviate damage within the mammary gland.
Finally, one-week old bull calves were subjected to treatment with either saline or LPS to determine if neonatal exposure to endotoxin would make calves less responsive to a second LPS challenge at 32-days of age. The initial treatment showed a large effect of LPS as measured by higher plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in calves treated with LPS over saline. Subsequent treatment of all 10 calves with LPS showed a very similar response between the two treatment groups and significant inter-animal variability in clinical response. Fibroblasts and monocyte-derived-macrophages (MDMs) were also isolated following initial treatment to determine if any changes occurred at the cellular level as a result of LPS exposure. Fibroblasts isolated from calves at 20-days of age had a very low response to LPS that did not differ between the early life treatments. MDMs isolated from calves at 28-days of age were more responsive to LPS, but again no differences were detected between the early life treatments. In summary, our results suggest that DNA methylation likely plays a role in the cellular response to LPS and may partially contribute to differences between animals in severity of E. coli mastitis, however, the appropriate in vitro phenotype to detect susceptible animals still needs to be characterized before epigenetic biomarkers can be identified, and perhaps modified by environmental interventions.
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Villain, Nicolas. "Rôle de la plasticité comportementale dans l'adaptation aux variations nutritionnelles chez un primate malgache." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0006/document.
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Afin de se maintenir au sein d'un environnement changeant, les individus doivent mettre en place une réponse adéquate. Il est connu que les animaux ont la capacité d'ajuster leur comportement à leur environnement. Cette plasticité comportementale, permet une réponse adaptée et relativement rapide aux variations de l'environnement, maximisant ainsi les chances de survie et de transmission des gènes. Elle met en jeu des processus cérébraux couteux en énergie rendant ces adaptations particulièrement sensibles à des changements alimentaires. Le but de cette thèse a été de mieux comprendre les facteurs qui contraignent ces réponses chez une espèce à laquelle s'applique une forte pression de sélection. Pour ce faire, nous avons étudié les réponses comportementales d'un primate malgache, le microcèbe gris (Microcebus murinus) soumis à des changements dans la quantité ou la qualité des ressources alimentaires disponibles. La première partie de ce travail s'est intéressée aux effets à court terme d'une restriction alimentaire sans malnutrition. Cette partie comprenait deux études. La première s'intéressant aux effets d'une restriction alimentaire à 60% sans malnutrition sur la plasticité comportementale innée via l’étude de l'horloge biologique. Les résultats de cette étude montrent une diminution de la capacité à se resynchroniser après un décalage horaire en lien avec la perte de poids. Ainsi, les individus perdant le plus de poids sont le moins à même de se resynchroniser sur les cycles lumineux après un décalage horaire de 6 heures. La seconde s'intéressait aux effets d'une restriction alimentaire de 40% sans malnutrition sur la plasticité comportementale acquise et montre une diminution de la capacité d'apprentissage des individus restreints après 19 jours de traitement alimentaire sans influence sur la mémoire à long terme. La moindre capacité d’apprentissage chez les individus en restriction calorique est corrélée à la perte de poids, les individus perdant le plus de poids étant les moins performants. Dans une seconde partie j’ai étudié l'effet de modifications qualitatives de l'alimentation à travers une supplémentation à long terme des individus en acides gras polyinsaturés n-3. Cette partie m’a permis de mettre en évidence une amélioration des performances d'apprentissage chez les individus supplémentés après 18 mois de traitement alimentaire accompagnée d'une diminution de l'anxiété et d'une augmentation de la neurogenèse adulte dans trois zones cérébrales.Ces travaux démontrent que les variations nutritionnelles, qu’elles soient quantitatives ou qualitatives sont capables d’influencer les différentes formes de plasticités comportementales et donc les grandes fonctions cérébrales et constituent ainsi un paramètre clé dans l’adaptation et la survie des individusIn order to survive in a changing environment, individuals have to express an appropriate response. It is known that animals have the ability to adjust their behaviour to their environment. This behavioural plasticity allows a quick and adapted response to environmental variations, maximizing the individual'ssurvival and gene transmission. This plasticity relies on costly brain processes making these adaptations particularly dependent of food availability and maybe quality.This thesis project aimed at better understanding the constraints of these responses in a species under a strong selection pressure. To investigate this problematic, we studied the behavioural responses of a small Malagasy primate, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), to both quantitative and qualitative changes in food resources. The first part of this work investigated the effect of a short-term caloric restriction without malnutrition over two studies. In the first one, we studied the effects of a 60% caloric restriction without malnutrition on innate behavioural plasticity via the study of the biological clock. The results show a decrease in the ability to resynchronize on a light/dark cycle following a time-shift. This difficulty to resynchronize was linked to body mass loss, the individuals loosing the more weight being the one unable to resynchronize after the 6-hours time shift. In the second study, we investigated the effect of a 40% caloric restriction without malnutrition on acquired behavioural plasticity. This study show a decrease in learning abilities of the restricted individuals after 19 days of dietary treatment and no influence on long term memory. This decrease in learning abilities was also linked with body mass loss, with the individuals loosing the more weight being the one with the worst success rate during this task. The second part focused on the effects of a qualitative variation in food supply via a long-term supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This part allowed us to show an increase in learning abilities associated with increased neurogenesis in three brain zones for supplemented animals after 18 month of treatment as well as a decrease of their anxiety level.This thesis work show that both quantitative and qualitative nutritional variations are able to influence different forms of behavioural plasticity and their cerebral basis and are of particular importance in the adaptation and survival of individuals
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Prince, Christopher R. (Christopher Robin) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Plasma corticosterone variations associated with stressor controllability, prior aversive stimulation and innate defensive response styles." Ottawa, 1990.
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Gilroy, Danielle. "Evolutionary forces shaping innate immune gene variation in a bottlenecked population of the Seychelles warbler." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/58552/.
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In this thesis, I investigated different evolutionary forces in shaping genetic variation within a bottlenecked population of an island species, the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis). I specifically explore pathogen-mediated selection within this system by using avian beta-defensins and toll-like receptor genes to examine functional variation. First, I characterise variation within both gene groups in this population and show that this species’ demographic history has had an overriding effect on selection and random drift is the predominant evolutionary force. I characterise variation within these gene groups across several other Acrocephalus species, in addition to looking at a specific locus in a prebottlenecked population in order to directly compare genetic variation pre- and postbottleneck. I use population genetic statistical methods to detect selection at several polymorphic genes and evaluate the robustness of these methods when applied to singlelocus sequence data, which may be lacking in power and not meet the demographic assumptions that come with these tests. To overcome this, I designed forward-in-time simulations based on microsatellite markers used in pre- and post-bottleneck populations of the Seychelles warbler. I am able to delineate the evolutionary effects of selection from drift and show that some toll-like receptor genes are indeed under positive balancing selection in spite of the recent bottleneck. I further explore how this variation is maintained by conducting association analyses investigating innate immune gene variation and its relationship with individual survival and malarial susceptibility / resistance. Environmental factors are also considered. By investigating the consequences of functional variation in a bottlenecked species we are able to assess its long-term viability and adaptive potential, whilst elucidating the evolutionary importance of maintaining genetic variation in natural populations.
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Benjamin, Aimee. "Characterization of inter-animal variation in the innate immune response of the bovine and its relation to S. aureus mastitis." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/599.
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Mastitis represents one of the major economical and animal welfare concerns within the dairy industry. Animals affected with this disease can experience a range of clinical symptoms from mild discomfort and swelling of the udder to a severe systemic inflammatory response that could result in the death of the animal. This range of responses is due to differences in pathogen, environment, and inter-animal differences in their innate immune response. A dermal fibroblast model was used to predict the magnitude of an animal's innate immune response towards an intra-mammary S. aureus challenge. Animals whose fibroblasts exhibited a low response phenotype, characterized by lower levels of IL-8 following in vitro immune stimulation, suffered less mammary tissue damage and a less severe reduction in milk quality following the in vivo S. aureus challenge as compared to animals classified as high responders. Furthermore, the heightened inflammatory response of the high responders offered no advantage in bacterial clearance. For a S. aureus infection, the lower response phenotype is preferred.
To further explore inter-animal variation in the innate immune response, fibroblast cultures were established and challenged with LPS from two breeds of cattle, Holsteins, a dairy breed and Angus, a beef breed. Cultures from Holstein animals exhibited a higher responding phenotype than cultures from Angus animals. As these two breeds undergo selection for different traits and are reared differently as calves, whole transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq) and DNA methylation analysis (Methylated CpG Island Recovery Assay; MIRA-Seq) of their fibroblasts was completed to examine the genetic and epigenetic basis for the contrasting responses. RNA-Seq revealed several immune associated genes that were expressed at higher levels in Holstein cultures compared to Angus cultures, including TLR4, IL-8, CCL5, and TNF-α, both basally and following LPS exposure. Although MIRA-Seq analysis revealed 49 regions with differential methylation between the Holstein and Angus cultures, overall, the methylation of the fibroblast genome was similar between these breeds. A combination of genetic and epigenetic factors seems to contribute to the breed-dependent differences observed between Holstein and Angus fibroblasts.
Early life exposure to bacterial compounds or inflammatory mediators can have long-term effects on the magnitude of an animal's innate immune response, and may contribute to inter-animal variation in this response. To determine if an early life exposure to LPS would modify the response to a subsequent LPS challenge in dairy animals, neonatal Holstein calves were treated with LPS or saline at 7 days of age and subsequently challenged with LPS 25 days later. Calves that received LPS at 7 days of age had greatly elevated levels of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α compared to calves that received saline, indicating a substantial inflammatory response. However, following the subsequent LPS challenge completed on all calves, there were no differences in plasma IL-6 and TNF-α between the LPS- and saline- treated calves. Alternative exposure strategies in calves may generate the long-term effects observed in other model systems.
There is a wide range in the responses observed in the innate immune response of the bovine. Animals with a lower innate immune response effectively clear the infection, but avoid the collateral tissue damage from excessive inflammation. Therefore, it seems that a reduced innate immune response would be more beneficial to the dairy cow.
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Green, Benjamin. "An Investigation of Epigenetic Contributions to Inter-animal and Age Dependent Variation in the Bovine Innate Immune Response." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/251.
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Mastitis represents a major issue within the dairy industry responsible for economic loss via decreased animal productivity and associated veterinary costs. Currently, there is a push to identify a phenotypic innate immune response that will yield dairy cows with an enhanced resistance to mastitis. Bovine dermal fibroblasts were used as a cell model to measure the response of individuals to Gram-negative bacterial stimuli through the TLR4 signaling pathway. Fibroblast cultures were isolated from 15 dairy heifers at 5, 11, and 16 months of age in order to determine the variability in responsiveness to LPS as well as to monitor the development of the innate immune response in calves. These individuals displayed a large range in response to LPS as measured by IL-8 production. In addition, response within individuals increased dramatically with age.
To determine the cause behind this, DNA methylation was investigated as a potential player in the variation in response described both within an individual over time as well as across individuals. Fibroblast exposure to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, increased the cellular response to LPS, but more so in cultures that had previously displayed low responding phenotypes. This suggested that DNA methylation acted as an inhibitor of the innate immune response, and may be responsible for some degree of the variation seen in the LPS response. To determine the effect of epigenetic factors on this response, microarray analysis was conducted on RNA isolated from cells either having been epigenetically modified (DNA demethylation and histone hyperacetylation) or without undergoing any epigenetic treatment. This analysis identified 1,758 genes with altered expression due to epigenetic modification.
To focus on DNA methylation's role, methylated CpG island recovery assay (MIRA-Seq) libraries were created from fibroblasts to investigate differential methylation from a group of the same individuals sampled at 5 and 16 months of age. In addition, transcriptomic data were generated by RNA-Seq from fibroblasts collected from the young and older samples and exposed to LPS for 0, 2, and 8 hours to characterize age-associated changes in the innate immune response. Cultures from older animals were much more responsive to LPS as indicated by greater expression of IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL20 at various times in response to LPS. TLR4 and CD14 were more highly expressed in older cultures, suggesting these fibroblasts are more able to detect the presence of LPS. Analysis of the bovine fibroblast methylome revealed methylation with remarkable stability except for 20 regions along the genome undergoing major shifts due to age. Similar data were collected from fibroblasts isolated from different individuals displaying either a low or high responding phenotype resulting in 843 regions with differential methylation between groups. This suggests that DNA methylation may be playing a role in both the age-dependent and between animal differential responses to LPS, and also gives the first in depth look at the bovine fibroblast methylome and its stability over time.
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Barbosa, Fernandes Barreiro Luis. "Impacts de la sélection naturelle sur le génome humain : le cas de l'immunité innée." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077036.
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La détection de l'action de la sélection naturelle sur le génome humain représente un outil puissant pour identifier des régions génomiques ayant joué un rôle biologique majeur dans la survie de notre espèce et qui peuvent également être associées à la susceptibilité aux maladies. Étant donné que les maladies infectieuses ont été un facteur de sélection majeur dans l'évolution de l'homme, l'identification de loci impliqués dans la réponse immunitaire qui ont été ciblés par la sélection naturelle peut d'une part apporter de nouvelles connaissances sur les mécanismes de défense immunologique et d'autre part identifier des voies de signalisation immunologiques jouant un rôle important dans la résistance aux pathogènes. Nous avons étudié dans quelle mesure la sélection naturelle a modulé les profils de diversité génétique des récepteurs de l'immunité innée DC-S/G/V, L-S/GA/, MBL2 et la famille des récepteurs Toll-like (TLRs) humains. Nous avons montré que les différents acteurs de la réponse immunitaire ont suivi des processus évolutifs entièrement différents. À l'échelle du génome entier, à travers des analyses du degré de différentiation des populations pour ~22. 8 million SNPs (Consortium HapMap), nous avons montré que la sélection positive a ciblé des régions géniques, principalement au niveau des variants soit non-synonymes soit localisés dans des régions régulatrices en 5'. Dans leur ensemble, nos différentes études ont montré que la sélection naturelle a significativement influencé l'évolution récente de notre espèce, et que les pressions de sélection exercées par les agents infectieux ont été particulièrement importantes dans le façonnement de la diversité du génome humainInferences concerning the action of natural selection in the human genome provide a powerful tool for predicting regions of the genome potentially associated with disease. As infectious diseases have exerted, and exert, a strong selective pressure in the human genome, the identification of selected loci or variants of immunity-related genes may provide insight into immunological defence mechanisms and highlight host pathways playing an important role in pathogen résistance. Here, we have characterized the evolutionary forces shaping the current patterns of genetic diversity of the innate immune receptors DC-S/G/V, L-S/GA/, MBL2 and the ten members of the human Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. We have shown that these different players of the innate immune System have gone through completely different evolutionary processes. At the genome-wide level, through the analyses of the degree of population differentiation of the HapMap SNP data (~2. 8 million SNPs), we have shown that positive selection has ensured the regional adaptation of human populations by increasing population differentiation in gene regions, primarily at non-synonymous and 5'-UTR variants. These genome-wide analyses have identified a fraction of loci that have contributed, and probably still contribute, to the morphological and disease-related phenotypic diversity of modem human populations. Taken together, our different studies have shown that natural selection has been a significant driving force on the recent evolution of our species and that selective pressures imposed by infectious disease have been particularly important in driving human genome diversity
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Thies, Felix [Verfasser], Ramón José Luis [Gutachter] García, and Daniel [Gutachter] Petit. "Innere Variation bei Daukša. Untersuchungen zu Orthographie und Syntax des altlitauischen Katechismus (1595) und der Postille (1599) von Mikalojus Daukša / Felix Thies ; Gutachter: José Luis García Ramón, Daniel Petit." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1195705468/34.
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Beaudet, Amélie. "Caractérisation des structures crânio-dentaires internes des cercopithécoïdes et étude diachronique de leurs variations morphologiques dans la séquence Plio-Pléistocène sud-africaine." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30297/document.
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Les cadres temporel, géographique et environnemental associés à l'émergence et l'évolution des premiers homininés en Afrique du Sud pendant le Plio-Pléistocène constituent des éléments clés dans la compréhension de l'histoire de la lignée humaine. Les cercopithécoïdes, relativement abondants dans les dépôts fossilifères du Néogène africain et quasi systématiquement associés aux restes d'homininés, représentent des marqueurs biochronologiques et des indicateurs écologiques sensibles. Toutefois, en se basant seulement sur les critères morphologiques traditionnels, la systématique du registre cercopithécoïde fossile reste encore incertaine. Afin de mieux caractériser leur paléobiodiversité, nous avons détaillé par des techniques d'imagerie à haute résolution les restes crânio-dentaires de 91 spécimens cercopithécoïdes provenant des sites de Makapansgat, Taung, Sterkfontein, Kromdraai et Swartkrans. En particulier, nous avons mesuré et comparé les variations dans l'organisation endostructurale dentaire, la conformation du labyrinthe osseux et l'architecture endocrânienne à travers l'application de méthodes statistiques et de modélisation virtuelle (e.g., morphométrie géométrique, modèles déformables). À titre comparatif, nous avons également intégré dans nos analyses un échantillon de 80 spécimens cercopithécoïdes actuels. En plus de l'identification de caractères nouveaux et pertinents pour la diagnose des taxons fossiles, nos résultats mettent en évidence des biomarqueurs utiles pour la reconstruction des contextes paléoenvironnementaux et biochronologiques, notamment en ce qui concerne la morphologie de la jonction émail-dentine et l'architecture néocorticale. L'estimation de la paléobiodiversité révèle un certain degré d'homogénéité morphologique pour quelques taxons papionines qui plaide en faveur d'une réduction du nombre d'espèces effectivement présentes dans les gisements fossilifères sud-africainsThe temporal, geographical and environmental frameworks of the early hominin emergence and evolution in South Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene are key elements for the understanding of the human lineage history. The cercopithecoids, relatively abundant in the African Neogene fossiliferous deposits and almost invariably associated with hominin remains, represent sensitive biochronological markers and ecological indicators. However, based on traditional morphological criteria only, the systematics of the cercopithecoid fossil record remains uncertain. In order to better characterize their paleobiodiversity, by means of high-resolution imaging techniques we have detailed 91 South African cercopithecoid craniodental specimens from the sites of Makapansgat, Taung, Sterkfontein, Kromdraai and Swartkrans. More specifically, we measured and compared the variation in dental endostructural organization, bony labyrinth conformation and endocranial architecture through the application of statistical and virtual modeling methods (e.g., geometric morphometrics, deformation-based models). For comparative purposes, we also integrated in our analyses a sample consisting of 80 extant cercopithecoid specimens. Besides the identification of some new characters suitable for the diagnosis of fossil taxa, our results reveal biomarkers useful for the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental and biochronological contexts, notably based on the enamel-dentine junction morphology and the neocortical architecture. The paleobiodiversity assessment highlights a certain degree of morphological homogeneity for some of the papionin taxa and suggests a reduction of the number of species actually present in the South African fossiliferous deposits
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Morra, Erica, and Lisa Zenker. "Chapter 1: In Search of Innate Leadership : Discovering, Evaluating and Understanding Innateness." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34622.
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Every individual is born with different natural competencies that can be honed by both voluntary and involuntary environmental stimuli. The response our genotype decides to make, if any, towards those stimuli, determines how well our competencies develop. Each person’s coding and variations of genes will result in unique qualities in their phenotype, or physical structure. As a result, a person has various traits that are displayed through their behavior. DNA is genetically shown to express itself through traits by up to 75%. This leaves a sort of buffer of around 25%. This region is available for us to adapt to our environmental stimuli. Your innate qualities will not reach their full potential without stimulation from the environment, in a leadership case, with education and training and therefore it can be argued that environmental exposure is necessary to fully expose the potentials and capabilities of an individual, rather than instill a new skill or develop a talent that was not existent before. Innate leadership is not a permanent state, on the contrary, it is a continuously adaptive situation demanding contextual evolutionary changes or resignation from the subject occupying the role. When the needs and demands of a society or era outweigh the relevance of the innate leaders' traits and competencies, an evolution of leadership is needed to maintain a positive relationship between all parties involved. As a result, the innate leader will begin to lose their innateness in their role and unless they evolve and adapt (because the two actions are not the same) to new contextual needs, their tenure as leader will begin to be detrimental and counter-functional. What we want to put forward is a real, universal and constructive understanding of what makes a human happy, motivated and productive and how an innate person in context is a much better solution in the short and long run, for those around them when put to a task.
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Cerio, Donald Greene. "The Visual Apparatus of Avian Dinosaurs and Other Diapsids: Anatomical Correlates of Behavior and Evolution." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1565617073174635.
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Olsson, Hanna, and Kristina Persson. "“Genom att det bara ramlar ner en pinne från trädet kan det bli hur stort lärande som helst, inne ramlar det inte direkt ner pinnar från något träd” : En kvalitativ studie om sex förskollärares syn på barns lärande i utomhusmiljö." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-40075.
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Förskollärares syn på utomhusmiljön kan påverkas av flera aspekter. Tidigare forskning inom området samt vårt egna intresse har gett oss motiv till att skapa förståelse för hur förskollärare uppfattar barns lärande i utomhusmiljön. Syftet med denna studie var att genom det utvecklingspedagogiska perspektivet undersöka förskollärares syn på utomhusmiljön och dess betydelse för barns lärande. Utifrån vår metod och det teoretiska perspektiv som denna studie baserats på klassas detta som en kvalitativ studie. I genomförandet av vår studien deltog sex stycken förskollärare från kommunala förskolor i norra Sverige. I vårt resultat framkommer det att förskollärarna anser att utomhusmiljön har betydelse för barns lärande. Förskollärarna anser att deras roll för att främja barns lärande innefattar att inta en aktiv roll som innebär att stötta, vara lyhörd samt medforskande tillsammans med barnen. Diskussionen lyfter de väsentliga delarna ur resultatet som innebär att synen på utomhusmiljön kan vara avgörande för hur förskollärare väljer att använda den. Om utomhusmiljön ses som ett komplement till inomhusmiljön kan förutsättningarna för barns lärande vidgas. De slutsatser som har framkommit är att förskolans utomhusmiljö kan vara komplex, eftersom att det är många olika faktorer som förskollärarna bör ta hänsyn till vilket påverkar hur förskollärare ser på lärandet i utomhusmiljön.2019-12-20
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Alenezi, Saleh. "Micropalaeontology, palaeoenvironments and sequence stratigraphy of the Sulaiy Formation of eastern Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9330.
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The Sulaiy Formation, which is the oldest unit in the Lower Cretaceous succession, is conformably overlain by the Yamama Formation and it is a challenge to identify the precise age of the two formations using foraminifera and other microfossil assemblages. In the eastern side of Saudi Arabia, the Sulaiy Formation and the base of Yamama Formation are poorly studied. The main objectives of this study is to enhance the understanding of the Sulaiy Formation sequence stratigraphical correlation, regional lateral variations and palaeoenvironmental investigation. Lithological and semi-quantitative micropalaeontological analysis of 1277 thin sections taken from core samples from nine cored wells providing a geographically representative distribution from the Saudi Arabian Gulf. These cores intersected the base of the Yamama Formation and the Sulaiy Formation in the total thickness of cored wells of 843.23 meters (2766.5 feet). On the evidence provided by the foraminifera, the Sulaiy Formation is considered to represent the Berriasian to the lowermost Valanginian. The investigation of the micropalaeontology has provided considerable insights into the biocomponents of Sulaiy and the base of Yamama formations in order to identify their biofacies. These microfossils include rotalid foraminifera, miliolid foraminifera, agglutinated foraminifera, calcareous algae, calcispheres, stromatoporoids, sponge spicules, problematica (e.g. Lithocodium aggregatum), molluscs, corals, echinoderms and ostracods. Systematics of planktic and benthic foraminifera is accomplished using the foraminiferal classification by Loeblich and Tappan (1988) as the main source. The assemblage contains foraminifera that recorded for the first time in the Sulaiy Formation. Other microfossils were identified and recorded to help in the identification of the sedimentary environments. The investigation of the micropalaeontology and the lithofacies analysis have provided evidence the identification of the various lithofacies. About twenty four microfacies were identified on the basis of their bio−component and non-skeletal grains. The lithofacies and the bio−component results have provided the evidence of the sedimentary palaeoenvironmental model namely the Arabian Rimmed Carbonate Platform. This palaeoenvironmental depositional model is characterised by two different platform regimes. They are the Platform Interior and the Platform Exterior each of which have unique sedimentary lithofacies zones that produce different types of lithofacies. Each lithofacies is characterised by special depositional conditions and palaeobathymetry that interact with sea level changes and the accommodation space. The important palaeoenvironments are intertidal, restricted lagoon (subtidal), open marine, deeper open marine, inner shoal, shoal and platform margin. Generating, and testing, a depositional model as a part of formulating a sequence stratigraphical interpretation of a region is a key to understanding its geological development and – ultimately – reservoir potential. The micropalaeontology and sedimentology of the Sulaiy Formation in the subsurface have indicated a succession of clearly defined shallowing−upwards depositional cycles. These typically commence with a deep marine biofacies with wackestones and packstones, capped with a mudstone-wackestone maximum flooding zone and an upper unit of packstone to grainstones containing shallow marine biofacies. The upper part of the Sulaiy Formation is highstand-dominated with common grainstones that host the Lower Ratawi reservoir which is capped by karst that defines the sequence boundary. This karst is identified by its abundant moldic porosity that enhanced the the reservoir quality by increasing its porosities into greater values. Integration of the sedimentology and micropalaeontology has yielded a succession of shoaling−upwards depositional cycles, considered to be 4th order sequences, that are superimposed on a large scale 3rd order system tract shallowing−upwards, highstand-associated sequence of the Sulaiy Formation. The Lower Ratawi Reservoir is located within the latest high-stand portion of a third-order Sulaiy Formation sequence. The reservoir consists of a succession of several sequences, each of which is sub-divided into a lower transgressive systems tract separated from the upper highstand systems tract by a maximum flooding surface (MFS/Z). The last of these depositional cycles terminates in beds of porous and permeable ooid, or ooidal-peloidal, grainstone. The reservoir is sealed by the finer-grained sediments of the Yamama Formation.
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Lu, Chia Wen, and 呂佳雯. "The Variation of Inner and Outer Body － Artistic Discourse by Chia Wen Lu." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8y9bgd.
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碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
雕塑學系
104
The reason why people always choose human body as the presentation of their art work is not only the presentation of strength and beauty but also it’s the reflection of the emotions of the artists. Author uses human body as the topic and wood as the material to show how she sees human body. Also from the visual experiences to human body, she can make people have more imagination to human body. This thesis is composed of three parts— 1. the motivation, 2. the theories, 3. the presentation of art works. By analyzing human body and studying some related thesis, arrange and summarize the form and the context of the works and wish to know the connection between art work and human body under the construction of theories. And then the readers can know more about the development of the body image— what the Author mainly cares about。 This thesis starts from the motivation. In Chapter 1, the Author discusses about her art works in her college years, and this tells her motivation and the later development of her art work. From imagination to real human body, she tried to portrait how the inside and outside part of human body work together by combining the skeleton and the skin. In Chapter 2, the author started from development of Anatomy to analyze the relation of her art work and human body. In order to be the form and the context of verifying Consciousness. In Chapter 3, the author analyzed the performance and the skills of the art work. She divided her art work into three parts—convey of the body image, analyze the body shape, and transfer of its outside and inside parts. And she discussed how the human body turned into her art work. The final part is the conclusion to her ideas and art works and what she can make efforts on in the future.
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Ekdale, Eric Gregory. "Variation within the bony labyrinth of mammals." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7862.
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The morphological diversity of the external and internal surfaces of the petrosal bone, which contains the structures of the inner ear, across a broad range of therian mammals is documented, and patterns of variation across taxa are identified. One pattern of variation is the result of ontogenetic changes in the ear region, as described for the external surface morphology of a sample of isolated petrosal bones referred to Proboscidea from Pleistocene deposits in central Texas. The morphology of the
aquaeductus Fallopii for passage of the greater petrosal branch of the facial nerve supports an ontogenetic explanation for some variation within the proboscidean sample, and a sequence of ossification surrounding the aquaeductus Fallopii is hypothesized. Further ontogenetic patterns are investigated using digital endocasts of the bony labyrinth (preserved on the internal surfaces of the petrosal) constructed from CT data across a growth series of the opossum Monodelphis domestica. Strong correlation between skull length and age is found, but from 27 days after birth onward, there is no correlation with age among most dimensions of the inner ear. Adult dimensions of several of the inner ear structures are achieved before the inner ear is functional in M. domestica. Morphological variation within the inner ear of several eutherian mammals from the Cretaceous of Asia, including zhelestids from the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan, is described. The variation within the fossil sample is compared to that observed within extant species of placental mammals, and it is determined that the amount of variation within the Bissekty zhelestid population is within the range of that measured for extant species. Additional evolutionary and physiological patterns preserved within the walls of the bony labyrinth are identified through a high level anatomical comparison of the inner ear cavities across Placentalia as a whole. In particular, features of the inner ear support monophyly of Cetacea, Carnivora, Primatomorpha, and caviomorph Rodentia. The volumetric percentage of the vestibular apparatus (vestibule plus semicircular canals) of aquatic mammals is smaller than that calculated for terrestrial relatives of comparable body size. Thus, aspects of the bony labyrinth are both phylogenetically and physiologically informative.text
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Gonzales, Lauren Ann. "Intra and Interspecific Variation in Semicircular Canal Morphology in Primates and Implications for Locomotor Behavior Reconstruction Models." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11324.
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The semicircular canals of the vestibular system detect angular head rotations and play a fundamental role in guiding motor reflexes during locomotor behaviors. While extensive research has documented the relationship between the semicircular canal shape (i.e. radius of curvature and canal length) and locomotor behaviors, levels of intraspecific variation in primates are relatively unknown. Predictive models using these metrics to reconstruct locomotion in extinct animals are generally based on one individual per species. Furthermore, the influence of body size and to a lesser degree brain size heavily influences overall canal morphology.
This study documents intraspecific variation in the size, shape and orientation of the semicircular canals in relation to changes in function, brain size, and body size via analysis of high resolution CT scans of large samples of extant primate species. I test the hypothesis that the extent of intraspecific variation differs across a sample of primates, reflecting the intensity of selective pressure on canal shape in species that require agility during locomotion. I also examine whether spatial constraints resulting from the size of the skull (reflected by the size of the brain) affect canal radii of curvature and canal orthogonality more strongly than observed agility during locomotion.
To this end, data was gathered from high-resolution CT images of museum specimens. For the comparative analysis, 14-matched pairs of adult extant primate species were selected that contrast in agility and brain size in closely related genera. CT images of these specimens were used to measure functional measures of canal sensitivity (e.g., canal radii of curvature, orthogonality). This data was used to test hypotheses concerning intraspecific and interspecific variation in semicircular canal functional morphology. This data was then combined with a larger mammalian dataset culled from the literature, to further test hypotheses relating to body-size and brain size dependent variation in individual canal metrics.
Evaluation of levels of intraspecific variation support the hypothesis put forth by Billet et al. (2012), that selection on canal morphology is relaxed in animals with slow locomotor behaviors, who are observed to have higher levels of intraspecific variation. Analyses of interspecific variation provides tentative support for the use of canal orthogonality in reconstructive models, most especially in canal angles that seem least effected by other constraints—brain size, etc. However, locomotor signals are complex and brain/skull interactions can potentially produce misleading results when reconstructing locomotor behaviors. This work highlights the importance of critically assessing comparative groups used for inferring behaviors in both extinct and extant animals.
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Cuda, Cristina Caterina. "Genetic Variation in Innate Immunity, Diet and Biomarkers of the Metabolic Syndrome." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24551.
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Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and may contribute to its development. A diet high in saturated fat (SFA) has been associated with increased inflammation and development of the MetS. SFAs have been shown to elicit pro-inflammatory signaling through proteins of innate immunity, TLR4 and Nods 1 and 2. We determined whether common polymorphisms in the genes of these proteins could modify the association between fat intake and biomarkers of the MetS. Fat intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire and genotyping was completed using real-time PCR. The TLR4 Asp299Gly (rs4986790) polymorphism was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity while an intronic polymorphism (rs5030728) modified the association between dietary SFA and HDL-cholesterol. The Nod1 Glu266Lys polymorphism modified the association between dietary SFA and HOMA-IR. These results suggest a role for innate immunity in mediating some of the effects of dietary SFAs on factors associated with the MetS.
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Yang, Hao [Verfasser]. "Water-use, discrimination and temporal variation of C4 plants in the Inner Mongolia grassland / Hao Yang." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1009702289/34.
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Stächele, Julia. "Analyse von Interleukin-10-Genvariationen bei diffus großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-882F-6.
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Liu, Ya-Chi, and 劉雅琦. "GRACE detection of mass variations due to sedimentation on the East China Sea inner shelf and Kuroshio transport change." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n7aypn.
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博士國立交通大學
土木工程系所
105
This study aims to detect the mass variations associated with sedimentation in the East China Sea (ECS) and transport change of the Kuroshio Current (KC) around Taiwan using temporal gravity fields, in the form of monthly spheirical harmonic coefficients (SHCs), from the latest GRACE Release-05, provided by Center for Space Research at University of Texas (CSR), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ). The ECS is a region with wide and shallow continental shelf, where the interaction of seasonal northward-flowing Taiwan Warm Current and southward-flowing China Coastal Current allow sediments from the Yangtze River to deposit on its inner shelf. The KC is a subtropical western boundary current in the North Pacific, and it originates from the north branch of the North Equatorial Current and flows northward along the east coasts of Luzon and Taiwan. The KC intrudes into the northern South China Sea through the Luzon Strait. Since our targeted area is adjacent to land-ocean boundary, the atmospheric and oceanic effects are restored to GSM (GRACE Satellite-only Model) gravity field to avoid model contaminations on gravity signals associated with sediment and Kuroshio masses. The destriping and Gaussian smoothing filters are applied in order to improve the gravity signals from GRACE. Soil moistures from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) are used to reduce land leakage effect. The gravity variations can be expressed as GRACE-derived equivalent water height (EWH). The sediment mass accumulation rates (MARs) and variabilities on the ECS inner shelf are evaluated. The mean GRACE-derived MAR on the inner ECS shelf is 6.25 ± 0.54 mm/year from April 2002 to March 2015, which is consistent with in situ measurements. A wavelet analysis is used to detect the oscillations at the semi-annual to interannual time scales. We examine whether GRACE can be used to detect MAR signals in six major estuaries. i.e., Amazon, Congo, Indus, Mississippi, Pear and Rhine River. To evaluate the mass change of Kuroshio around Taiwan, the monthly EWHs and their linear rates are derived from GRACE from April 2002 to August 2016. The EWH linear rate in sea area off northeastern Taiwan is 1.59 ± 0.43 mm/yr (2003-2012), while the EWH linear rate in the northern South China Sea is -1.77 ± 0.40 mm/yr (2003-2012). As the Kuroshio main current strengthens along the east coasts of Luzon and Taiwan, the inertia of Kuroshio’s flow is enhanced to weaken the intrusion of the Kuroshio into the northern South China Sea. This weakening is detected by GRACE and is validated by SODA-derived oceanic mass per unit area variations. Westward-propagating oceanic eddies around Taiwan in the region of Subtropical Countercurrent interact with the Kuroshio east of Taiwan. Two superconducting gravimeters have been installed in Taiwan: SG-T048 was installed at the National Gravity Datum Service (NGDS) laboratory in 2006 and SG-T049 was installed at the Mt. Yangming satellite tracking station in 2012. Since the elevation of the SG-T049 station is 759.6 m, making it possible to detect oceanic mass variations around Taiwan. Since gravity changes induced by Kuroshio and eddies are small, raw gravity records of SG-T049 must be corrected for environmental gravity effects to obtain the residual gravity containing gravity signals from the two sources. A wavelet analysis is used to detect such signals from the SG-T049 residual gravity over January 2013 to June 2016. Eddy-induced Newtonian and elastic gravity effects at SG-T048 and SG-T049 stations simulated induced by of various dimensions are simulated and the simulations show that, such gravity changes can be up to several hundreds of ngal. How well the Kuroshio and eddy-induce gravity changes can be separated depends on the long-term stability of SG records and the sophistication of the models of the environmental gravity effects.
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Wittmer, Maximilian H. O. M. [Verfasser]. "Carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of Inner Mongolia grassland : spatio-temporal variations at multiple scales / Maximilian H. O. M. Wittmer." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004956851/34.
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Tastet, Olivier. "Contrôle génétique de l’épissage alternatif dans le contexte de la réponse immunitaire innée." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22276.
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Männel, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Spatio temporal variation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition along environmental gradients in Inner Mongolia and Alpine grasslands : analyses of vegetation, grazer hair, feces and soil [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Tobias T. Männel." 2007. http://d-nb.info/988098652/34.
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Rathnam, Anbananthan. "Whole Teachers: A Holistic Education Perspective on Krishnamurti‘s Educational Philosophy." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35936.
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The purpose of this qualitative research study, which utilizes a phenomenological inquiry method, is to inquire into the awareness of what it means to be a whole teacher from the perspective of the philosophy of Jiddu Krishnamurti, a philosopher/spiritual teacher.
Four participants (teachers) were interviewed from the Oak Grove School, an alternative, holistic school founded by Krishnamurti in 1974. This inquiry probed into teachers’ thinking, teachers’ lives, teachers’ inner lives, teachers’ contemplative practices, teachers’ calling/vocation and teachers’ pedagogy. The findings of this inquiry reveal the awareness that exists among the participants with regards to their understanding of Krishnamurti’s educational philosophy and the way in which this philosophy has shaped their lives and the lives of their students (both implicit- ly and explicitly) The findings from this research further show that Krishnamurti’s philosophy has certainly had an impact on the participants’ wholeness. Krishnamurti was never interested in imposing his philosophy on the teachers to think in a narrow groove. Rather, he challenged them to arrive at wholeness or a holistic approach towards living by their own volition, by putting aside all philosophy, including his own.
This research points towards the possible ways in which wholeness can be developed using: Innate wisdom (teachers’ inner life, teachers’ calling); wisdom gained through experiencing life (teachers’ life, teachers’ thinking); wisdom gained through their teaching experience (teachers’ pedagogy) and wisdom gained through practices that bring harmony to the mind, body and spirit (teachers’ contemplative approaches).
An experiential model titled, The Flower Model: An Experiential Metaphor – which integrates the three stages of awareness – was developed using Krishnamurti’s approach towards wholeness. This model can be used to guide teachers with their respective psychological conditionings that reside or exist in their thinking, lives, inner lives, contemplative practices, vocation and pedagogy/curriculum design.