Journal articles: 'Innere Variationen'

1

Tomaschek-Habrina, Lisa. "Variationen des inneren Dialogs." Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie 18, no. 1 (April 2019): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11620-019-00473-9.

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Lythgoe, K. H., A. Deuss, J. F. Rudge, and J. A. Neufeld. "Earthʼs inner core: Innermost inner core or hemispherical variations?" Earth and Planetary Science Letters 385 (January 2014): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.049.

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Bordon, Yvonne. "Mapping innate variation." Nature Reviews Immunology 18, no. 12 (November 5, 2018): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41577-018-0086-3.

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Yang, Zhuming, Martin Smith, Paul Henderson, Michael J. LeBas, Kejie Tao, and Peishan Zhang. "Compositional variation of aeschynite-group minerals in the Bayan Obo Nb-REE-Fe ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, China." European Journal of Mineralogy 13, no. 6 (November 26, 2001): 1207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2001/0013-1207.

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Iwaniec, Tadeusz, Leonid V. Kovalev, and Jani Onninen. "Lipschitz regularity for inner-variational equations." Duke Mathematical Journal 162, no. 4 (March 2013): 643–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00127094-2079791.

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Edgar Bachor, Yookyung K. Selig, Kl. "Vascular Variations of the Inner Ear." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 121, no. 1 (January 2001): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000164801300006245.

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Benitez, Julius V., and Recson G. Canton. "Inner variation and the SLi-functions." International Journal of Mathematical Analysis 9 (2015): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ijma.2015.411343.

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Wang, Yonghui, Xiaxia Niu, Liqing Zhao, Cunzhu Liang, Bailing Miao, Qing Zhang, Jinghui Zhang, Bernhard Schmid, and Wenhong Ma. "Biotic stability mechanisms in Inner Mongolian grassland." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (June 3, 2020): 20200675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0675.

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Biotic mechanisms associated with species diversity are expected to stabilize communities in theoretical and experimental studies but may be difficult to detect in natural communities exposed to large environmental variation. We investigated biotic stability mechanisms in a multi-site study across Inner Mongolian grassland characterized by large spatial variations in species richness and composition and temporal fluctuations in precipitation. We used a new additive-partitioning method to separate species synchrony and population dynamics within communities into different species-abundance groups. Community stability was independent of species richness but was regulated by species synchrony and population dynamics, especially of abundant species. Precipitation fluctuations synchronized population dynamics within communities, reducing their stability. Our results indicate generality of biotic stability mechanisms in natural ecosystems and suggest that for accurate predictions of community stability in changing environments uneven species composition should be considered by partitioning stabilizing mechanisms into different species-abundance groups.

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Orlando, Luis, Ines Pereyra, Laura Paesch, and Walter Norbis. "Size and sex composition of two species of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) caught by the bottom trawl fisheries operating on the Uruguayan continental shelf (southwestern Atlantic Ocean)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 59, no. 4 (December 2011): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592011000400006.

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In this work we analyzed the spatial and seasonal variation of length distribution, sexual proportion and mature dominance for Atlantoraja cyclophora and A. castelnaui, at the Uruguayan continental shelf. There were significant differences in total length (TL) composition between sexes, being females bigger than males for both species. Atlantoraja cyclophora showed a relatively uniform length distribution between inner and outer shelf. There were no major variations in the sex compositions and in the mature dominance between seasons, suggesting no temporal variation. Atlantoraja castelnaui showed a significant variation in its spatial and seasonal distribution. Individuals were smaller in inner shelf, pointing out the existence of juvenile zone in areas up to 50 m depth. A tendency to capture smaller individuals towards the end of the year was observed. In all seasons over 50% of females were caught below the estimated size at maturity, suggesting that this species is highly susceptible to exploitation.

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Li, L., Z. Han, and F. Zhang. "The Later Evolution of the Contact Binaries AP Leo, AK Her, AB And and AM Leo." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 187 (2002): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100001573.

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AbstractA detailed study of the periods and light curves of binaries AK Her, AP Leo, AB And and AM Leo is presented. Based on the study of the O – C curves, we find that the period variation of each system contains several components with different frequencies, and we suggest that the periodical variations in the periods are likely influenced by different mechanisms. Based on the study of the light curve changes, we find that the light curves exhibit two kinds of variations: rapid variations and long-term variations. We investigate the physical mechanisms which may underlie the variations of the period and the light curve of each system and obtain some new conclusions. According to the characteristics of the rapid light variation in these systems, we suggest that the rapid change in the light curve is probably caused by pulsation of the common envelope, and that the mechanism(s) causing the pulsation may be mass transfer through the inner Lagrangian point L1 or its variation. Finally, the evolutionary trends of these systems are discussed, and we suggest that these systems may be progenitors of cataclysmic variables.

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Tadokoro, H., F. Tsuchiya, Y. Miyoshi, Y. Katoh, A. Morioka, and H. Misawa. "Storm-time electron flux precipitation in the inner radiation belt caused by wave-particle interactions." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 4 (April 7, 2009): 1669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1669-2009.

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Abstract. It has been believed that electrons in the inner belt do not show the dynamical variation during magnetic storms except for great magnetic storms. However, Tadokoro et al. (2007) recently disclosed that low-altitude electrons in the inner belt frequently show flux variations during storms (Storm Time inner belt Electron Enhancement at the Low altitude (STEEL)). This paper investigates a possible mechanism explaining STEEL during small and moderate storms, and shows that it is caused not by radial transport processes but by pitch angle scattering through wave-particle interactions. The waves related to wave-particle interactions are attributed to be banded whistler mode waves around 30 kHz observed in the inner magnetosphere by the Akebono satellite. The estimated pitch angle distribution based on a numerical calculation is roughly consistent with the observed results.

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REDDY, P. VENKATA, G. S. V. L. NARASIMHAM, S. V. RAGHURAMA RAO, T. JOHNY, and K. V. KASIVISWANATHAN. "CFD ANALYSIS OF CONJUGATE NATURAL CONVECTION IN A VERTICAL ANNULUS." International Journal of Computational Methods 05, no. 01 (March 2008): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021987620800139x.

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Conjugate natural convection in a vertical annulus with a centrally located vertical heat generating rod is studied numerically. The governing equations are discretized on a staggered mesh and are solved using a pressure-correction algorithm. A parametric study is performed by varying the Grashof number, aspect ratio, and the solid-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio over wide ranges with the Prandtl number fixed at 0.7. Results are presented for the variation of several quantities of interest such as the local Nusselt numbers on the inner and outer boundaries, the axial variation of the centerline and interface temperatures, maximum solid, average solid and average interface temperature variations with Grashof number, and the average Nusselt number variation for the inner and outer boundaries with Grashof number. The average Nusselt number from the conjugate analysis is found to be between the Nusselt numbers of the isothermal and the isoflux cases. The average Nusselt numbers on the inner and outer boundaries show an increasing trend with the Grashof number. Correlations are presented for the Nusselt number and the dimensionless temperatures of interest in terms of the parameters of the problem.

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Fathi, Hedayat, and Seyed Alireza Hosseinioun. "Variational Inequalities on 2-Inner Product Spaces." Mathematical Analysis and Convex Optimization 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/maco.1.2.7.

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Fathi, Hedayat, and Seyed Alireza Hosseinioun. "Variational Inequalities on 2-Inner Product Spaces." Mathematical Analysis and Convex Optimization 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/maco.1.2.7.

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15

Duman, Şuayip Burak, Mehmet Seyrek, Yasin Yaşa, İsmail Gümüşsoy, Numan Dedeoğlu, and İbrahim Şevki Bayrakdar. "Morphologic Evaluations of Hypoglossal Canal using Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 1467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-25.

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Hypoglossal canal (HC) which begins from very slightly above the inner part of the anterolateral portion of the foramen magnum and is located above the occipital condyle of the occipital bone. The aim of this study is to examine HC morphology and variations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The morphology and types of HC were investigated with 303 CBCT images (606 side). Type 1 variation in 606 HC examined becomes the most commonly observed type (57.3%) while type 5 variation was the least common type of variation (0.8%). Type 1 HC was statistically higher in males (p=0.004). Because of HC, which is an anthropologically important point and enters the field of images in CBCT scan, it is recommended that dental radiologists should be aware of their variations and be wary of the pathologies that may occur in this region.

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Sumaruk, T. P., and P. V. Sumaruk. "Dependence of the velocity changes of secular variations on the position of observatory and time." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 43, no. 3 (July 28, 2021): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i3.236388.

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According to the data of world observatories net secular variations of geomagnetic fields from internal and outer sources have been studied. Averaged 3-year data have been used for this purpose. Procedure of calculations of secular variations from internal and outer sources according to observatories data has been submitted. 1979 has been chosen as a zero level for accounting secular variations from outer sources because the sign of the large-scale magnetic field has changed this year. It has been shown that the value of secular variations from outer sources is different for different regions and increases with the growth of the latitude of magnetic observatory. Maximal values of secular variations are observed in the northern polar cap as well as at the longitudes of the eastern focus of secular variation. It has been shown that at the DIK, CSS, TIK observatories secular variations have maximal values. Groups of observatories have been segregated with symmetric and asymmetric changes of secular variation comparing to 1979. Symmetric changes of secular variation during two Hail’s cycles are observed at the observatories in circumpolar area (ALE, NAL, BJN), in auroral and middle latitudes. Maximal asymmetry of secular variation is observed at the observatories GDH, BLC, FCC, as well as at certain subauroral observatories and the regions with raised seismic activity. Secular variation from outer sources depends on the value of the large scale magnetic field of the Sun. The value of secular variation from the inner sources has been modulated by the outer sources and depends on special features of underlying surfaces of the observatories, induction currents in particular.

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17

Creager, Kenneth C. "Large-scale variations in inner core anisotropy." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 104, B10 (October 10, 1999): 23127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900162.

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Eckhard, Susanna, Manfred Fries, and Ulrich Teipel. "Variation der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Sprühgranulaten über die innere Struktur." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 86, no. 3 (February 6, 2014): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201300122.

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Chew Tuan Seng. "On Henstock's Inner Variation and Strong Derivatives." Real Analysis Exchange 27, no. 2 (2002): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/realanalexch.27.2.0725.

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20

Chen, Shiping, Yongfei Bai, Guanghui Lin, Jianhui Huang, and Xingguo Han. "Variations in δ13C values among major plant community types in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 1 (2007): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06053.

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The δ13C values of 51 plant species selected from eight plant communities along a moisture gradient were measured. Our results showed that all the community types that we investigated are dominated by C3 species in the Xilin River Basin. Large variations in the average 13C natural abundance of different communities were detected, and the magnitude of δ13C values showed the following trend: typical steppe (–23.0‰) > degraded steppe (–23.5‰) > sand dune (–25.0‰) > restoring degraded steppe (–25.8‰) > meadow steppe (–26.4‰) ≥ saline meadow (–26.5‰) > swamp meadow (–28.2‰). The major determinants of the biomass-weighted δ13C values in a given community were the presence or absence of C4 plants, the intrinsic variation among species and the variation of the same species growing in different habitats with different soil-moisture regimes and disturbance history. These results suggested that different habitats support dominant species with different water-use efficiencies and a trend in the community-level δ13C values was observed, as ascribed by the contribution of C4 plants and/or the variations among species or the response of water-use efficiency of the same species to different soil moisture conditions.

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Guo, Linghui, Liyuan Zuo, Jiangbo Gao, Yuan Jiang, Yongling Zhang, Shouchen Ma, Youfeng Zou, and Shaohong Wu. "Revealing the Fingerprint of Climate Change in Interannual NDVI Variability among Biomes in Inner Mongolia, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081332.

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An understanding of the response of interannual vegetation variations to climate change is critical for the future projection of ecosystem processes and developing effective coping strategies. In this study, the spatial pattern of interannual variability in the growing season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for different biomes and its relationships with climate variables were investigated in Inner Mongolia during 1982–2015 by jointly using linear regression, geographical detector, and geographically weighted regression methodologies. The result showed that the greatest variability of the growing season NDVI occurred in typical steppe and desert steppe, with forest and desert most stable. The interannual variability of NDVI differed monthly among biomes, showing a time gradient of the largest variation from northeast to southwest. NDVI interannual variability was significantly related to that of the corresponding temperature and precipitation for each biome, characterized by an obvious spatial heterogeneity and time lag effect marked in the later period of the growing season. Additionally, the large slope of NDVI variation to temperature for desert implied that desert tended to amplify temperature variations, whereas other biomes displayed a capacity to buffer climate fluctuations. These findings highlight the relationships between vegetation variability and climate variability, which could be used to support the adaptive management of vegetation resources in the context of climate change.

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Traboulsi, Raghida, Georges Poumarat, Jean Chazal, Paul Avan, Thierry Mom, Isabelle Ronchan-Cole, and Salam Traboulsi. "The Estimation of the Time Constant of the Human Inner Ear Pressure Change by Noninvasive Technique." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/570124.

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We propose a noninvasive method to estimate the time constant. The calculation of this factor permits us to understand the pressure variations of the inner ear and also predict the behavior of the flow resistance of the cochlear aqueduct. A set of mathematical relationships incorporating the intralabyrinthine pressure, the intracranial pressure, and the time constant was applied. The modeling process describes the hydrodynamic effects of the cerebrospinal fluid in the intralabyrinthine fluid space, where the input and output of the created model are, respectively, the sinusoidal variation of the respiration signal and the distortion product of otoacoustic emissions. The obtained results were compared with those obtained by different invasive techniques. A long time constant was detected each time when the intracranial pressure increased; this phenomenon is related to the role of the cochlear aqueduct described elsewhere. The interpretation of this model has revealed the ability of these predictions to provide a greater precision for hydrodynamic variation of the inner ear, consequently the variation of the dynamic process of the cerebrospinal fluid.

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NOOR, MUHAMMAD ASLAM. "ON VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES IN SEMI-INNER PRODUCT SPACES." Tamkang Journal of Mathematics 24, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5556/j.tkjm.24.1993.4478.

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In this paper, we consider and study the variational inequalities in the setting of semi-inner product spaces. Using the auxiliary principle, we propose and analyze an innovative and novel iterative al- gorithm for finding the approximate solution of variational inequalities. We also discuss the convergence criteria.

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Wang, Pengcheng, Zhongjie He, Keith R. Thompson, and Jinyu Sheng. "Modulation of Near-Inertial Oscillations by Low-Frequency Current Variations on the Inner Scotian Shelf." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 2 (February 2019): 329–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0047.1.

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AbstractNear-inertial oscillations (NIOs) on the inner Scotian shelf are studied using observations, a simple slab model, and two operational shelf circulation models. High-frequency radar and ADCP observations from December 2015 to February 2016 show that individual NIO events forced by time-varying wind stress typically lasted for three to four inertial periods. NIOs with speeds exceeding 0.25 m s−1 were observed in the offshore part of the study region, but their amplitudes decreased shoreward within ~40 km of the coast. The NIOs had spatial scales of ~80 and ~40 km in the alongshore and cross-shore directions, respectively. The NIO phases varied moving from west to east, consistent with the typical movement of winter storms across the study region. Evolving rotary spectral analysis reveals that the peak frequency fp of the NIOs varied with time by ~7% of the local inertial frequency. The variation in fp can be explained in part by local wind forcing as demonstrated by the slab model. The remaining variation in fp can be explained in part by variations in the background vorticity associated with changes in the strength and position of the Nova Scotia Current, an unstable baroclinic boundary current that runs along the coast to the southwest. Two operational shelf circulation models are used to examine the abovementioned features in the high-frequency-radar and ADCP observations. The models reproduce the spatial structure of the NIOs and, in a qualitative sense, the temporal variations of fp.

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Ferrandiz, J. M., Yu V. Barkin, and J. Getino. "Tidal variations of the inner mantle potential coefficients." Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions 19, no. 6 (March 2001): 845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10556790108244096.

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Midhun Krishnan, P., Sanil Hari, E. Jayakumar, T. P. D. Rajan, and K. Narayan Prabhu. "Centrifugal Casting and Characterisation of Primary Silicon and Mg₂Si Dispersed Aluminium Functionally Graded Materials." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.11.

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Aluminium based FGM rings, reinforced by in-situ primary Si and primary Si/ Mg2Si hybrid reinforcement were successfully fabricated by centrifugal casting and micro structural, chemical, hardness and corrosion characteristics were evaluated. It was observed that in Al-20Si ring the primary Si particles were present mostly in inner region and few in outer region where as in Al-20Si-3Mg ring both the primary silicon and Mg2Si were completely found in the inner region only resulting in a graded FGM structure. The hardness values were measured along radial direction of samples and variations corresponding to micro structural variation were analysed. Optical Emission spectroscopic studies have revealed the remarkable compositional changes along radial direction. Corrosion characteristics were also evaluated both in particle rich and depleted regions.

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Eisikovits, Edina. "Variation in the perfective in Inner‐Sydney English." Australian Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 1 (June 1989): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268608908599409.

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Tsai, Y. T., and K. H. Lin. "Dynamic Analysis and Reliability Evaluation for an Eccentric Speed Reducer Based on Fem." Journal of Mechanics 36, no. 3 (January 17, 2020): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2019.52.

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ABSTRACTThis paper reported the designed approaches of cycloidal mechanisms, studied its dynamic forces and failure characteristics using finite element methods (FEM). A simplified cycloidal mechanism (CM) is constructed to fulfill dynamic analysis and reliability evaluation. The studied results show that the loads of the mechanism are shared mainly by a half of the outer rollers and the inner pins. The possible failures of the mechanism will occur at the inner pins caused by the bending stress, and at the cycloid disc induced by the contacting stress. The failure of the inner pins will dominate the damage of the mechanism. A method of evaluating stress variation is proposed for fulfilling reliability design. The stress variations are derived according to the data in dynamic analysis by regression analysis. The methods of design modification are reported for improve the reliabilities. The allowable loads of the CM can be decided accordingly based on the analyzed information.

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Garand, Mathieu, Bing Cai, and Tobias R. Kollmann. "Environment impacts innate immune ontogeny." Innate Immunity 23, no. 1 (October 3, 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425916671018.

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Susceptibility to infection and response to vaccination differ between populations and as a function of age. The underlying mechanisms for this age- and population-dependent variation are not known. Specifically, it is unclear if these variations are due to differences in genetically encoded host programs or driven by environmental influences or a combination of both. To address the relationship between gene and environment regarding immune ontogeny, we determined the innate cytokine responses following PRR stimulation of blood mononuclear cells at birth, 1, and 2 yr of age in infants from Caucasian vs . Asian parents and were raised in the same city. At birth, we found that innate cytokine responses were significantly elevated in Asian compared with Caucasian infants. However, these differences waned and responses became more similar over the course of 1–2 yr of living in a similar environment. Our observations that innate response differences present at birth subsequently equalized rather than diverged suggest a key role for environmental effects common to both racial groups in shaping the innate immune responses early in life. Delineating the underlying environmental factors that modulate innate immune responses early in life could provide avenues for targeted beneficial immune modulation.

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Anh, Pham Ngoc, and Le Thi Hoai An. "Outer-Inner Approximation Projection Methods for Multivalued Variational Inequalities." Acta Mathematica Vietnamica 42, no. 1 (January 5, 2016): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40306-015-0165-5.

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Dorofeeva, I. D., A. A. Sergienko, and A. A. Sobachkin. "Solution of the inner variational problem of gas dynamics." Computational Mathematics and Modeling 2, no. 1 (1991): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01128366.

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Zhang, Guang, and Yingying Ma. "Clear-Sky Surface Solar Radiation and the Radiative Effect of Aerosol and Water Vapor Based on Simulations and Satellite Observations over Northern China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12121931.

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The distribution and trend of clear-sky surface solar radiation (SSR) and the quantitative effects of aerosol and water vapor are investigated in northern China during 2001–2015 using radiation simulations and satellite observations. Clear-sky SSR in northern China is high in summer and low in winter, which is dominated by astronomical factors and strongly modulated by the seasonal variations of radiative effects of aerosol (ARE) and water vapor (WVRE). The larger variation of WVRE than ARE indicates that water vapor plays a more important role in moderating the seasonal variation of clear-sky SSR. Clear-sky SSR shows an overall decreasing trend of –0.12 W/m2 per year, with decrease more strongly than –0.60 W/m2 per year in west-central Shandong and increase (about 0.40 W/m2) in south-central Inner Mongolia. The consistency of spatial distribution and high correlation between clear-sky SSR and ARE trend indicate that the clear-sky SSR trend is mainly determined by aerosol variation. Dust mass concentration decreases about 16% in south-central Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2015, resulting in the increase in clear-sky SSR. In contrast, sulfate aerosol increases about 92% in west-central Shandong, leading to the decreasing trend of clear-sky SSR.

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Lawless, A. S., and N. K. Nichols. "Inner-Loop Stopping Criteria for Incremental Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3242.1.

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Abstract Incremental four-dimensional variational data assimilation is a method that solves the assimilation problem by minimizing a sequence of approximate “inner-loop” functions. In any implementation of such a scheme a decision must be made as to how accurately to solve each of the inner minimization problems. In this paper recently developed theory is applied to derive a new stopping criterion for the inner-loop minimizations, which guarantees convergence of the outer loops. This new criterion is shown to give improved convergence compared with other commonly used inner-loop stopping criteria.

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Van Strien, Joeri, Sergio Guerrero-Castillo, Iliana A. Chatzispyrou, Riekelt H. Houtkooper, Ulrich Brandt, and Martijn A. Huynen. "COmplexome Profiling ALignment (COPAL) reveals remodeling of mitochondrial protein complexes in Barth syndrome." Bioinformatics 35, no. 17 (January 14, 2019): 3083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz025.

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Abstract Motivation Complexome profiling combines native gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to obtain the inventory, composition and abundance of multiprotein assemblies in an organelle. Applying complexome profiling to determine the effect of a mutation on protein complexes requires separating technical and biological variations from the variations caused by that mutation. Results We have developed the COmplexome Profiling ALignment (COPAL) tool that aligns multiple complexome profiles with each other. It includes the abundance profiles of all proteins on two gels, using a multi-dimensional implementation of the dynamic time warping algorithm to align the gels. Subsequent progressive alignment allows us to align multiple profiles with each other. We tested COPAL on complexome profiles from control mitochondria and from Barth syndrome (BTHS) mitochondria, which have a mutation in tafazzin gene that is involved in remodeling the inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid cardiolipin. By comparing the variation between BTHS mitochondria and controls with the variation among either, we assessed the effects of BTHS on the abundance profiles of individual proteins. Combining those profiles with gene set enrichment analysis allows detecting significantly affected protein complexes. Most of the significantly affected protein complexes are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system, prohibitins), or are attached to it (the large ribosomal subunit). Availability and implementation COPAL is written in python and is available from http://github.com/cmbi/copal. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Zhou, Hao, Yong Mei, Jinru Lv, Wei Li, Gang Zhang, Deliang Hu, Jinsong Zhang, and Xufeng Chen. "Ultrasound-Measured Femoral Arterial/Venous Parameters for Guiding Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Catheterization." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 2253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3772.

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The femoral artery/vein are commonly used for vascular access in clinical practice. The position, adjoining relationship, and anatomic variation of the femoral artery/vein may affect the success rate of catheterization. Clinically, we found a proportion of anatomic variations in the common position of the femoral artery catheterization. We intended to determine the positioning data of the femoral artery/vein to provide a partial clinical basis for catheterization by ultrasound. At the common femoral artery catheterization site, we used ultrasound to collect data on the femoral artery/vein of 208 samples. We found that the distance from the midpoint of the pubic symphysis to the surface position of the femoral artery, the distance between the central points of the femoral artery/vein, and the inner diameter of the femoral artery were significantly correlated with height, weight, and gender, and were not correlated with age, shock, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. If branching of the femoral artery was higher than the inguinal ligament, the inner diameter of the femoral artery at the catheterization site was significantly reduced. We believe that height, weight, gender, and anatomic variation are important factors influencing the adjoining relationship and the inner diameter of the femoral artery. During extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) catheterization, if an arterial branch is found at the femoral artery catheterization site, it is recommended to adjust the catheterization protocol.

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Biggin, A. J., E. J. Piispa, L. J. Pesonen, R. Holme, G. A. Paterson, T. Veikkolainen, and L. Tauxe. "Palaeomagnetic field intensity variations suggest Mesoproterozoic inner-core nucleation." Nature 526, no. 7572 (October 2015): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature15523.

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Brett, Henry, and Arwen Deuss. "Inner core anisotropy measured using new ultra-polar PKIKP paths." Geophysical Journal International 223, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 1230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa348.

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SUMMARY We measure the seismic anisotropy of the inner core using PKPbc-PKPdf and PKPab-PKPdf differential traveltimes, as a function of the angle ζ between the Earth’s rotation axis and the ray path in the inner core. Previous research relied heavily on body waves originating in the South Sandwich Islands (SSI) and travelling to seismic stations in Alaska to sample inner core velocities with low ζ (polar paths). These SSI polar paths are problematic because they have anomalous travel time anomalies, there are no ultra-polar SSI paths with ζ < 20° and they only cover a small part of the inner core. Here we improve constraints on inner core anisotropy using recently installed seismic stations at high latitudes, especially in the Antarctic, allowing us to measure ultra-polar paths with ζ ranging from 20°–5°. Our new data show that the SSI’s polar events are fast but still within the range of velocities measured from ray paths originating elsewhere. We further investigate the effect of mantle structure on our data set finding that the SSI data are particularly affected by fast velocities underneath the SSI originating from the subducted South Georgia slab, which is currently located just above the core mantle boundary. This fast velocity region results in mantle structure being misinterpreted as inner core structure and we correct for this using a P-wave tomographic model. We also analyse the effect of velocity changes on the ray paths within the inner core and find that faster velocities significantly change the ray path resulting in the ray travelling deeper into the inner core and spending more time in the inner core. To remove this effect, we propose a simple but effective method to correct each event-station pair for the velocity-dependent ray path changes in the inner core, producing a more reliable fractional traveltime measurement. Combining the new ultra-polar data with mantle and ray path corrections results in a more reliable inner core anisotropy measurement and an overall measured anisotropy of 1.9–2.3 per cent for the whole inner core. This is lower than previous body wave studies (3 per cent anisotropy) and in better agreement with the value of inner core anisotropy measured by normal modes (2 per cent anisotropy). We also identify regional variation of anisotropic structure in the top 500 km of the inner core, which appears to be more complex than simple hemispherical variations. These regional variations are independent of the SSI data and are still present when these data are excluded. We also find a potential innermost inner core with a radius of 690 km and stronger anisotropy.

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Eggert, R. J. "Design Variation Simulation of Thick-walled Cylinders." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 2A (June 1, 1995): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826126.

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Thick-walled cylinders exposed to high, static internal pressures may experience both elastic and plastic deformation. Primary design considerations include loads, geometry and material properties. However, variations in geometry and material properties due to conventional manufacturing processes, and variations of internal pressure due to actual usage patterns, propagate through the system resulting in off-design stresses and strains which may cause failure. These variations can be evaluated using probabilistic methods which are discussed in this paper. Von Mises-distortion energy yield theory is presented to predict elastic, plastic and residual stresses in thick-walled cylinders. The design variation simulation method using Monte Carlo simulation and available statistical information is used to design a pressure vessel for servo-hydraulic experiments. The use of autofrettage to induce favorable compressive stresses at the inner bore, thereby improving the margin of safety and overall reliability, is also presented.

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Gao, Z., D. H. Lenschow, Z. He, and M. Zhou. "Seasonal and diurnal variations in moisture, heat and CO2 fluxes over a typical steppe prairie in Inner Mongolia, China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 7 (July 7, 2009): 987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-987-2009.

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Abstract. In order to examine energy partitioning and CO2 exchange over a steppe prairie in Inner Mongolia, China, fluxes of moisture, heat and CO2 in the surface layer from June 2007 through June 2008 were calculated using the eddy covariance method. The study site was homogenous and approximately 1500 m×1500 m in size. Seasonal and diurnal variations in radiation components, energy components and CO2 fluxes are examined. Results show that all four radiation components changed seasonally, resulting in a seasonal variation in net radiation. The radiation components also changed diurnally. Winter surface albedo was higher than summer surface albedo because during winter the snow-covered surface increased the surface albedo. The seasonal variations in both sensible heat and CO2 fluxes were stronger than those of latent heat and soil heat fluxes. Sensible heat flux was the main consumer of available energy for the entire experimental period. The energy imbalance problem was encountered and the causes are analyzed.

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Eisikovits, Edina. "Variation in the lexical verb in inner‐Sydney English." Australian Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 1 (June 1987): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268608708599371.

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Koshida, Shintaro, Yuzuru Yoshii, Yukiyasu Kobayashi, Takeo Minezaki, Yu Sakata, Shota Sugawara, Keigo Enya, et al. "VARIATION OF INNER RADIUS OF DUST TORUS IN NGC4151." Astrophysical Journal 700, no. 2 (July 10, 2009): L109—L113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/l109.

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Hajra, Rajkumar. "Variation of the Interplanetary Shocks in the Inner Heliosphere." Astrophysical Journal 917, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac0897.

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Frade-Proud’Hon-Clerc, Sara, Thomas Smol, Frédéric Frenois, Olivier Sand, Emmanuel Vaillant, Véronique Dhennin, Amélie Bonnefond, et al. "A Novel Rare Missense Variation of the NOD2 Gene: Evidencesof Implication in Crohn’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040835.

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The NOD2 gene, involved in innate immune responses to bacterial peptidoglycan, has been found to be closely associated with Crohn’s Disease (CD), with an Odds Ratio ranging from 3–36. Families with three or more CD-affected members were related to a high frequency of NOD2 gene variations, such as R702W, G908R, and 1007fs, and were reported in the EPIMAD Registry. However, some rare CD multiplex families were described without identification of common NOD2 linked-to-disease variations. In order to identify new genetic variation(s) closely linked with CD, whole exome sequencing was performed on available subjects, comprising four patients in two generations affected with Crohn’s disease without R702W and G908R variation and three unaffected related subjects. A rare and, not yet, reported missense variation of the NOD2 gene, N1010K, was detected and co-segregated across affected patients. In silico evaluation and modelling highlighted evidence for an adverse effect of the N1010K variation with regard to CD. Moreover, cumulative characterization of N1010K and 1007fs as a compound heterozygous state in two, more severe CD family members strongly suggests that N1010K could well be a new risk factor involved in Crohn’s disease genetic susceptibility.

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Cui, Bu-Li, and Xiao-Yan Li. "The impact of climate changes on water level of Qinghai Lake in China over the past 50 years." Hydrology Research 47, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2015.237.

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Understanding the variation regularity of lake level and the potential driver factors can provide insights into lake conservation and management. In this study, inter- and inner-annual variations of lake level in Qinghai Lake during the period 1961–2012 were analyzed to determine whether climatic factor or runoff factor were responsible for the variations. The results showed that lake level decreased significantly during the period 1961–2004 at a rate of −7.6 cm/yr, while increasing significantly during the period 2004–2012 at a rate of 14 cm/yr, and all were significant at a p value of <0.01. Lake level was most sensitive to climate and river runoff. Precipitation and river runoff had directly positive effects on lake level, but inverse evaporation and wind speed played a significantly negative role on lake level. The relative contributions of influencing factors in the Southeast Asian monsoon (SEAM) and the westerly circulation periods on annual lake level variations were approximately 49.8% and 27.8%, respectively. The relative contributions of temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and wind speed on lake level variation were approximately 13.8%, 36.3%, 27.1%, and 18.4%, respectively. In general, the annual lake level was primarily influenced by precipitation and evaporation of the SEAM period.

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Gao, Yundong. "Continuous variation supports accommodating Lilium habaense and L. xanthellum within L. stewartianum (Liliaceae)." Phytotaxa 226, no. 2 (September 11, 2015): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.2.10.

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Continuous variation among Lilium stewartianum I.B.Balfour & W.W.Smith (1922: 127) and its close allies, L. habaense (1986: 51) and L. xanthellum F.T.Wang et Tang (1980: 283) have been observed by the author. In particular, L. habaense is distinguished from L. stewartianum on the basis of stamen having slightly shorter filaments (Wang et al. 1986). Lilium xanthellum is distinguished from the other two species by means of papillose nectaries that form two ridges along the bases of the inner tepals (Fig. 1) (Liang 1980). I have observed in the field that the variations in anthers length and nectary morphology are extensive, largely continuous, and dependent upon the phase of flowering. Therefore, on the basis of continuous variation I propose to accommodate L. habaense and L. xanthellum within L. stewartianum.

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Miller, Virginia M., Gregory D. Jenkins, Joanna M. Biernacka, John A. Heit, Gordon S. Huggins, Howard N. Hodis, Matthew J. Budoff, et al. "Pharmacogenomics of estrogens on changes in carotid artery intima-medial thickness and coronary arterial calcification: Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study." Physiological Genomics 48, no. 1 (January 2016): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00029.2015.

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Prior to the initiation of menopausal hormone treatment (MHT), genetic variations in the innate immunity pathway were found to be associated with carotid artery intima-medial thickness (CIMT) and coronary arterial calcification (CAC) in women ( n = 606) enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS). Whether MHT might affect these associations is unknown. The association of treatment outcomes with variation in the same 764 candidate genes was evaluated in the same KEEPS participants 4 yr after randomization to either oral conjugated equine estrogens (0.45 mg/day), transdermal 17β-estradiol (50 μg/day), each with progesterone (200 mg/day) for 12 days each month, or placebo pills and patch. Twenty SNPs within the innate immunity pathway most related with CIMT after 4 yr were not among those associated with CIMT prior to MHT. In 403 women who completed the study in their assigned treatment group, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the innate immunity pathway were found to alter the treatment effect on 4 yr change in CIMT (i.e., significant interaction between treatment and genetic variation in the innate immunity pathway; P < 0.001). No SNPs by treatment effects were observed with changes of CAC >5 Agatston units after 4 yr. Results of this study suggest that hormonal status may interact with genetic variants to influence cardiovascular phenotypes, specifically, the pharmacogenomic effects within the innate immunity pathway for CIMT.

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Sanchez-Adams, Johannah, Vincent P. Willard, and Kyriacos A. Athanasiou. "Regional variation in the mechanical role of knee meniscus glycosaminoglycans." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 6 (December 2011): 1590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00848.2011.

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High compressive properties of cartilaginous tissues are commonly attributed to the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) fraction of the extracellular matrix (ECM), but this relationship has not been directly measured in the knee meniscus, which shows regional variation in GAG content. In this study, biopsies from each meniscus region (outer, middle, and inner) were either subjected to chondroitinase ABC (CABC) to remove all sulfated GAGs or not. Compressive testing revealed that GAG depletion in the inner and middle meniscus regions caused a significant decrease in modulus of relaxation (58% and 41% decreases, respectively, at 20% strain), and all regions exhibited a significant decrease in viscosity (outer: 29%; middle: 58%; inner: 62% decrease). Tensile properties following CABC treatment were unaffected for outer and middle meniscus specimens, but the inner meniscus displayed significant increases in Young's modulus (41% increase) and ultimate tensile stress (40% increase) following GAG depletion. These findings suggest that, in the outer meniscus, GAGs contribute to increasing tissue viscosity, whereas in the middle and inner meniscus, where GAGs are most abundant, these molecules also enhance the tissue's ability to withstand compressive loads. GAGs in the inner meniscus also contribute to reducing the circumferential tensile properties of the tissue, perhaps due to the pre-stress on the collagen network from increased hydration of the ECM. Understanding the mechanical role of GAGs in each region of the knee meniscus is important for understanding meniscus structure-function relationships and creating design criteria for functional meniscus tissue engineering efforts.

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Leahy, Denis. "Analysis of spectrum variations in Hercules X-1." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S346 (August 2018): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131800772x.

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Abstract. Hercules X-1 (Her X-1) was observed extensively by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) over its 17 year lifetime. Here, the archival RXTE/PCA observations of Her X-1 are analyzed with emphasis on the 35-day cycle dependence. Spectral fits are carried out and the 35-day phase dependences are characterized. The regular behaviours of the changes are interpreted in terms of the precessing accretion disk. We find that the most important variation is caused by the changing illumination of the inner edge of the disk, but other variations with different causes are also seen.

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Lentz, Steven J. "Seasonal Variations in the Circulation over the Middle Atlantic Bight Continental Shelf." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 1486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3767.1.

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Abstract Fits of an annual harmonic to depth-average along-shelf current time series longer than 200 days from 27 sites over the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) continental shelf have amplitudes of a few centimeters per second. These seasonal variations are forced by seasonal variations in the wind stress and the cross-shelf density gradient. The component of wind stress that drives the along-shelf flow over most of the MAB mid- and outer shelf is oriented northeast–southwest, perpendicular to the major axis of the seasonal variation in the wind stress. Consequently, there is not a significant seasonal variation in the wind-driven along-shelf flow, except over the southern MAB shelf and the inner shelf of New England where the wind stress components forcing the along-shelf flow are north–south and east–west, respectively. The seasonal variation in the residual along-shelf flow, after removing the wind-driven component, has an amplitude of a few centimeters per second with maximum southwestward flow in spring onshore of the 60-m isobath and autumn offshore of the 60-m isobath. The spring maximum onshore of the 60-m isobath is consistent with the maximum river discharges in spring enhancing cross-shelf salinity gradients. The autumn maximum offshore of the 60-m isobath and a steady phase increase with water depth offshore of Cape Cod are both consistent with the seasonal variation in the cross-shelf temperature gradient associated with the development and destruction of a near-bottom pool of cold water over the mid and outer shelf (“cold pool”) due to seasonal variations in surface heat flux and wind stress.

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Wang, Zhen, Qing Zhang, Xiaoping Xin, Yong Ding, Xiangyang Hou, Sarula, Xiliang Li, et al. "Response of the annual biomass production of a typical steppe plant community to precipitation fluctuations." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 6 (2014): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14065.

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Understanding the relationship between the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and annual precipitation in arid and semiarid grasslands is crucial for assessing the effects of climate change on grassland ecosystems. The temporal pattern of ANPP, based on long-term data on a semiarid ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, was investigated. The biomass of perennial grasses, perennial forbs and Stipa grandis P. Smirn., showed a positive relationship with annual precipitation. The amount of annual precipitation also changed the annual biomass of 13 other dominant species and consequently the ANPP. The coefficient of variation of the ANPP of the plant community was lower than the coefficient of variation of annual precipitation. Irrespective of the strong inter-annual variation in annual precipitation, the positive relationship found between ANPP and annual precipitation suggests the dependence of ANPP upon hydrological variations in typical steppe. Our findings highlight the importance of dominant perennial species and functional groups in mediating the responses of ANPP to annual precipitation in the typical steppe in northern China.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Innere Variationen'

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