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Journal articles on the topic 'Innervation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Wang, Yu, and Li Ye. "The Afferent Function of Adipose Innervation." Diabetes 73, no. 3 (2024): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dbi23-0002.

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Adipose tissue innervation is critical for regulating metabolic and energy homeostasis. While the sympathetic efferent innervation of fat is well characterized, the role of sensory or afferent innervation remains less explored. This article reviews previous work on adipose innervation and recent advances in the study of sensory innervation of adipose tissues. We discuss key open questions, including the physiological implications of adipose afferents in homeostasis as well as potential cross talk with sympathetic neurons, the immune system, and hormonal pathways. We also outline the general te

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Tubbs, R. Shane, Mohammadali M. Shoja, Marios Loukas, et al. "Study of the cervical plexus innervation of the trapezius muscle." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14, no. 5 (2011): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.1.spine10717.

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Object There is conflicting and often anecdotal evidence regarding the potential motor innervation of the trapezius muscle by cervical nerves, with most authors attributing such fibers to proprioception. As knowledge of such potential motor innervations may prove useful to the neurosurgeon, the present study aimed to elucidate this anatomy further. Methods Fifteen adult cadavers (30 sides) underwent dissection of the posterior triangle of the neck and harvesting of cervical nerve fibers found to enter the trapezius muscle. Random fibers were evaluated histologically to determine fiber type (th

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Chaware, Prashant, John Santoshi, Manmohan Patel, Mohtashim Ahmad, and Bertha Rathinam. "Surgical Implications of Innervation Pattern of the Triceps Muscle: A Cadaveric Study." Journal of Hand and Microsurgery 10, no. 03 (2018): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660771.

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AbstractThe innervation pattern of triceps is complex and not fully comprehended. Anomalous innervations of triceps have been described by various authors. We have attempted to delineate the nerve supply of the triceps and documented the anomalous innervations of its different heads. The brachial plexus and its major branches (in the region of the axilla and arm) and triceps were dissected in 36 embalmed cadaver upper limbs. Long head received one branch from radial nerve in 31 (86%) specimens. Four (11%) specimens received two branches including one that had dual innervation from the radial a

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Si, Xiaohong, Mridha Md Zakir, and J. David Dickman. "Afferent Innervation of the Utricular Macula in Pigeons." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 3 (2003): 1660–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00690.2002.

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Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was used to retrogradely label afferents innervating the utricular macula in adult pigeons. The pigeon utriclar macula consists of a large rectangular-shaped neuroepithelium with a dorsally curved anterior edge and an extended medioposterior tail. The macula could be demarcated into several regions based on cytoarchitectural differences. The striola occupied 30% of the macula and contained a large density of type I hair cells with fewer type II hair cells. Medial and lateral extrastriola zones were located outside the striola and contained only type II hair cel

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Mattson, Erin E., and Christopher D. Marshall. "Follicle Microstructure and Innervation Vary between Pinniped Micro- and Macrovibrissae." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 88, no. 1 (2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447551.

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Histological data from terrestrial, semiaquatic, and fully aquatic mammal vibrissa (whisker) studies indicate that follicle microstructure and innervation vary across the mystacial vibrissal array (i.e. medial microvibrissae to lateral macrovibrissae). However, comparative data are lacking, and current histological studies on pinniped vibrissae only focus on the largest ventrolateral vibrissae. Consequently, we investigated the microstructure, medial-to-lateral innervation, and morphometric trends in harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) vibrissal follicle-sinus complexes (F-SCs). The F-SCs wer

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Hwang, Jiyeon, Junichi Okada, Li Liu, Jeffrey E. Pessin, Gary J. Schwartz, and Young-Hwan Jo. "The development of hepatic steatosis depends on the presence of liver-innervating parasympathetic cholinergic neurons in mice fed a high-fat diet." PLOS Biology 22, no. 10 (2024): e3002865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002865.

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Hepatic lipid metabolism is regulated by the autonomic nervous system of the liver, with the sympathetic innervation being extensively studied, while the parasympathetic efferent innervation is less understood despite its potential importance. In this study, we investigate the consequences of disrupted brain–liver communication on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice exposed to obesogenic conditions. We found that a subset of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes are innervated by parasympathetic nerve terminals originating from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The elimination of the brain–liver ax

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Leibovich, Hodaya, Nahum Buzaglo, Shlomo Tsuriel, et al. "Abnormal Reinnervation of Denervated Areas Following Nerve Injury Facilitates Neuropathic Pain." Cells 9, no. 4 (2020): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9041007.

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An injury to peripheral nerves leads to skin denervation, which often is followed by increased pain sensitivity of the denervated areas and the development of neuropathic pain. Changes in innervation patterns during the reinnervation process of the denervated skin could contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. Here, we examined the changes in the innervation pattern during reinnervation and correlated them with the symptoms of neuropathic pain. Using a multispectral labeling technique—PainBow, which we developed, we characterized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating distinc

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8

Barajas, Luciano, Li Liu, and Kenneth Powers. "Anatomy of the renal innervation: intrarenal aspects and ganglia of origin." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 5 (1992): 735–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-098.

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The intrinsic innervation of the kidney is described based on studies using ultrastructural, fluorescent, immunocytochemical, and autoradiographic techniques. The efferent sympathetic innervation reaches all the segments of the renal vasculature and to a much lesser extent the tubular nephron. The afferent renal nerves are localized predominantly in the pelvic region, the major vessels, and the corticomedulary connective tissue. The pathways of the renal innervation to the corresponding ganglia, as reported from observations resulting from the combination of axonal transport labeling and immun

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Shi, Haifei, C. Kay Song, Antonio Giordano, Saverio Cinti, and Timothy J. Bartness. "Sensory or sympathetic white adipose tissue denervation differentially affects depot growth and cellularity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 4 (2005): R1028—R1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00648.2004.

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Functional and histological evidence for the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) exists for several species; however, its sensory innervation has only been shown in laboratory rats, and its function is unclear. We tested the effects of sensory and SNS innervation of Siberian hamster epididymal and inguinal WAT (EWAT and IWAT) by assessing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity (ir), respectively. Next, we tested the role of the sensory innervation of WAT on growth and cellularity because WAT surgical denervation

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Giordano, Antonio, C. Kay Song, Robert R. Bowers, et al. "White adipose tissue lacks significant vagal innervation and immunohistochemical evidence of parasympathetic innervation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 5 (2006): R1243—R1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00679.2005.

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Converging evidence indicates that white adipose tissue (WAT) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) based on immunohistochemical labeling of a SNS marker (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH]), tract tracing of WAT sympathetic postganglionic innervation, pseudorabies virus (PRV) transneuronal labeling of WAT SNS outflow neurons, and functional evidence from denervation studies. Recently, WAT para-SNS (PSNS) innervation was suggested because local surgical WAT sympathectomy (sparing hypothesized parasympathetic innervation) followed by PRV injection yielded infected cells in the vagal dors

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Marko, Stephen B., and Deborah H. Damon. "VEGF promotes vascular sympathetic innervation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 6 (2008): H2646—H2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00291.2008.

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The sympathetic nervous system, via postganglionic innervation of blood vessels and the heart, is an important determinant of cardiovascular function. The mechanisms underlying sympathetic innervation of targets are not fully understood. This study tests the hypothesis that target-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes sympathetic innervation of blood vessels. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses indicate that VEGF is produced by vascular cells in arteries and that VEGF receptors are expressed on sympathetic nerve fibers innervating arteries. In vitro, exogenously

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Byun, Kyung-Hee, Sun-Young Ko, Jae-Woo Kim, and Bong-Hee Lee. "CNS innervation to the heart after skeletal muscle transplantation in the rat." Journal of Medicine and Life Science 2, no. 2 (2004): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22730/jmls.2004.2.2.71.

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The congestive heart failure is known as one of the most popular cause of human death. The purpose of this study were to identify the CNS pathway innervating heart after reconstruction using latissimus dorsi muscle by using the pseudorabies virus injection into the hippocampus after entorhinal cortex lesions.The pseudorabies virus labelled neurons were distributed at several different nuclei including paraventricular nucleus. No significant morphological changes were observed in the CNS heart innervation after reconstruction. These data suggested that the CNS innervation showed no morphologica

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Ning, Shujie, Yalin Wang, Xuejun Yuan, Shuying Wang, and Libo Huang. "Effect of autonomic nerves on Dickkopf-3 expression in the uterus during early pregnancy of rats." Animal Biology 65, no. 3-4 (2015): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002474.

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To explore how uterine innervations affect expression of Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3) during peri-implantation, we first examined the consequence of uterine neurectomy on embryo implantation events. We observed that amputation of autonomic nerves innervating the uterus led to the failure of on-time implantation in rats. We then analyzed the effect of neurectomy on expression of DKK-3 further using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We observed that disconnection of autonomic nerve innervation significantly increased DKK-3 expression in the en

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Roberts, Shannon L., Alison Stout, and Paul Dreyfuss. "Review of Knee Joint Innervation: Implications for Diagnostic Blocks and Radiofrequency Ablation." Pain Medicine 21, no. 5 (2019): 922–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz189.

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Abstract Objective To determine if commonly used knee radiofrequency ablation (RFA) techniques would be able to completely denervate the knee joint. Methods A comprehensive search of the literature on knee joint innervation was conducted using the databases Medline, Embase, and PubMed from inception through February 1, 2019. Google Scholar was also searched. Data on the origin, number of articular branches, course, distribution, and frequency of each nerve innervating the knee joint were extracted from the included studies and compared in order to identify variations. Results Twelve studies of

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Schimmang, T., L. Minichiello, E. Vazquez, et al. "Developing inner ear sensory neurons require TrkB and TrkC receptors for innervation of their peripheral targets." Development 121, no. 10 (1995): 3381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.10.3381.

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The trkB and trkC genes are expressed during the formation of the vestibular and auditory system. To elucidate the function of trkB and trkC during this process, we have analysed mice carrying a germline mutation in the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of these genes. Neuroanatomical analysis of homozygous mutant mice revealed neuronal deficiencies in the vestibular and cochlear ganglia. In trkB (−/−) animals vestibular neurons and a subset of cochlear neurons responsible for the innervation of outer hair cells were drastically reduced. The peripheral targets of the respective neurons showed s

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Herdmann, J., K. Bielefeldt, and P. Enck. "Quantification of motor pathways to the pelvic floor in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 260, no. 5 (1991): G720—G723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.260.5.g720.

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The motor innervation of the pelvic floor plays a major role in defecation disorders such as fecal incontinence. It consists of central motor pathways and peripheral nerve fibers. Transcranial magnetoelectric stimulation of the brain and magnetoelectric stimulation of the lumbosacral motor roots were performed in 10 healthy volunteers. Motor evoked potentials were recorded from the external anal sphincter. This procedure allowed differentiation between a predominantly central and a solely peripheral component of the motor innervation of the external and sphincter. To compare these recordings w

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Tsukanov, A. I., and V. F. Baitinger. "Peculiarities of uretral pacemaker zones innervation." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 8, no. 3 (2009): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2009-3-69-73.

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Peculiarities of extra-intraorgan innervation of uretral pacemaker zones (upper and lower urethral narrowings) were investigated. Anatomic-histological investigation results showed that upper (the I order pacemaker) and middle (the II order pacemaker) pacemaker zones of the ureter are innervated by single nerve stems from lower aortic-renal ganglion of plexus nervosus. Presence of microganglia in their intramuscular plexus nervosus is the peculiarity of intraorgan innervations of uretral pacemaker zones. The data obtained contribute to cystoid-peristaltic theory of uretral motility organizatio

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Borbas, Paul, Karim Eid, Eugene T. Ek, and Georg Feigl. "Innervation of the acromioclavicular joint by the suprascapular nerve." Shoulder & Elbow 12, no. 3 (2019): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573219851005.

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Background The suprascapular nerve is largely responsible for the majority of the sensory innervation of the acromioclavicular joint. In this anatomical study, we describe, in detail, the anatomy of the sensory innervation of the acromioclavicular joint by the branches of the suprascapular nerve. Methods Twenty-seven shoulders from 17 cadaveric specimens were carefully dissected to identify the course of the suprascapular nerve, with the main focus being on the sensory innervation of the acromioclavicular joint. Nine specific measurements of the acromioclavicular joint sensory nerves were made

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Møller, Morten, Pansiri Phansuwan-Pujito, and Corin Badiu. "Neuropeptide Y in the Adult and Fetal Human Pineal Gland." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/868567.

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Neuropeptide Y was isolated from the porcine brain in 1982 and shown to be colocalized with noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve terminals. The peptide has been demonstrated to be present in sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland in many mammalian species. In this investigation, we show by use of immunohistochemistry that neuropeptide Y is present in nerve fibers of the adult human pineal gland. The fibers are classical neuropeptidergic fibers endowed with largeboutons en passageand primarily located in a perifollicular position with some fibers entering the pineal parenchyma insi

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20

Shi, Glenn G., Meredith A. Williams, Joseph L. Whalen, Benjamin K. Wilke, and Jonathan C. Kraus. "An Anatomic and Clinical Study of the Innervation of the Dorsal Midfoot Capsule." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 10 (2019): 1209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719858143.

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Background: Dorsal pain from osteoarthritic midfoot joints is thought to be relayed by branches of the medial and lateral plantar, sural, saphenous, and deep peroneal nerves (DPN). However, there is no consensus on the actual number or pathways of the nervous branches for midfoot joint capsular innervation. This study examined the DPN’s terminal branches at the midfoot joint capsules through anatomic dissection and confirmation of their significance in a clinical case series of patients with midfoot pain relief after DPN block. Methods: Eleven cadaveric lower leg specimens, 6 left and 5 right,

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Abdelmotalab, Mohammed. "Absence of the Musculocutaneous Nerve; Two Case Reports and Literature Review." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 20, no. 1 (2024): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/2zj9sm98.

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The musculocutaneous nerve is important in the upper extremity because it provides motor innervation to the musculature of the anterior arm region and sensory innervation to the skin on the lateral side of the forearm region. During the dissection of approximately 74 aged male cadaver for the 2021-2022 academic year at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Africa, Sudan. Considerable variation was present; the musculocutaneous nerve was observed to be absent in both upper extremities. The median nerve replaces the musculocutaneous nerve innervation’s role

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Dorofeeva, A. A., S. S. Panteleev, L. A. Markova, et al. "STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF NEURONS OF SPINAL SACRAL GANGLIA INNERVATING THE COLON." Morphology 130, no. 6 (2006): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/morph.402455.

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The localization and morphological features of viscerosensory neurons of sacral spinal ganglia (SSG), innervating the colon, were investigated. In urethane anaesthetized cats, the solution of horseradish peroxidase was injected under the serosa of ascending and descending parts of the colon as well as of the rectum. After 48 hours animals were repeatedly anesthetized and trans-cardially perfused. Sections of SSG were stained according to Mezulam protocol (1978). All the regions of the colon studied were shown to receive afferent innervation from neurons of SSG SI, SII and SIII. Maximum number

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Scott, T. M., and G. Galway. "The relationship between altered blood vessel structure, hypertension, and the sympathetic nervous system." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 63, no. 4 (1985): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y85-069.

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The relationship between sympathetic innervation and arterial medial development has been examined in normotensive, hypertensive, and diabetic rats. Using the jejunal artery as a model, the number of nerve fibres innervating the artery as determined from fluorescent preparations, and the medial thickness and lumen diameter as measured from resin embedded specimens were correlated from animals prepared in various ways. The rats used were normal Sprague–Dawley (SD), SD with induced hypertension, SD with diabetes induced with streptozotocin, SD sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine, spontaneous

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Harper, S., and A. M. Davies. "NGF mRNA expression in developing cutaneous epithelium related to innervation density." Development 110, no. 2 (1990): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.110.2.515.

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To determine if the initial level of NGF mRNA in developing cutaneous epithelium is correlated with its final innervation density, we measured the concentration of NGF mRNA in the epithelia of the maxillary, mandibular and ophthalmic territories of trigeminal ganglion in the embryonic mouse. At the onset of neuronal death in the ganglion there were marked differences in the concentration of NGF mRNA in these epithelia: the level was highest in the epithelium of the densely innervated maxillary territory, it was lower in the epithelium of the moderately innervated mandibular territory and was l

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Czaja, Krzysztof, Robert Kraeling, Magdalena Klimczuk, Amelia Franke-Radowiecka, Waldemar Sienkiewicz, and Mirosław Lakomy. "Distribution of ganglionic sympathetic neurons supplying the subcutaneous, perirenal and mesentery fat tissue depots in the pig." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 62, no. 4 (2002): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2002-1439.

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Previous morphological studies revealed that the adipose tissue is innervated by adrenergic nerve fibers. Furthermore, physiological studies showed that the metabolism of adipose tissue is controlled by the adrenergic component of the nervous system. However, nothing is known on the sources of innervation of different fat tissue depots. Therefore, we decided to study the distribution of ganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating adipose tissue in the pig by means of a retrograde tracing method. We used 9 male and 9 female pigs of approximately 50 kg body weight. The retrograde tracer, Fast Blu

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Mackie, G. O. "Giant axons and control of jetting in the squid Loligo and the jellyfish Aglantha." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 4 (1990): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-115.

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Both Loligo and Aglantha have sets of giant axons arranged in a cascading series, which transmit impulses at high velocity and with short synaptic delays to the swimming muscles. The layout of the axons is such as to guarantee symmetrical, near-simultaneous contractions of all parts of the swimming muscles, necessary for effective jetting. The giant axons in both animals are multinucleate, syncytial structures. In both animals, the first-order giants receive a rich afferent innervation. Despite these similarities in the layout and properties of their giant axon systems, Loligo and Aglantha con

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Häkli, Martta, Satu Jäntti, Tiina Joki, et al. "Human Neurons Form Axon-Mediated Functional Connections with Human Cardiomyocytes in Compartmentalized Microfluidic Chip." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (2022): 3148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063148.

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The cardiac autonomic nervous system (cANS) regulates cardiac function by innervating cardiac tissue with axons, and cardiomyocytes (CMs) and neurons undergo comaturation during the heart innervation in embryogenesis. As cANS is essential for cardiac function, its dysfunctions might be fatal; therefore, cardiac innervation models for studying embryogenesis, cardiac diseases, and drug screening are needed. However, previously reported neuron-cardiomyocyte (CM) coculture chips lack studies of functional neuron–CM interactions with completely human-based cell models. Here, we present a novel comp

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Astruc, Audrey, Léa Roux, Fabien Robin, et al. "Advanced Insights into Human Uterine Innervation: Implications for Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 5 (2024): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051433.

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(1) Background: Understanding uterine innervation, an essential aspect of female reproductive biology, has often been overlooked. Nevertheless, the complex architecture of uterine innervation plays a significant role in conditions such as endometriosis. Recently, advances in histological techniques have provided unprecedented details about uterine innervation, highlighting its intricate structure, distribution, and density. The intricate nature of uterine innervation and its influence on pathologies such as endometriosis has garnered increasing attention. (2) Objectives: This review aims to co

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Braham, J. "Sternocleidomastoid innervation." Neurology 40, no. 5 (1990): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.40.5.867.

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McHale, Noel G. "Lymphatic Innervation." Journal of Vascular Research 27, no. 2-5 (1990): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000158803.

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Misery, L. "Innervation cutanée." EMC - Cosmétologie et dermatologie esthétique 1, no. 1 (2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1283-0143(06)41904-x.

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FANTINI, F. "Cutaneous innervation." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (September 1998): S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(98)94828-0.

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Misery, L. "Innervation cutanée." EMC - Kinésithérapie - Médecine physique - Réadaptation 3, no. 2 (2007): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1283-0887(07)49203-9.

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Daube, Jasper R. "Muscle innervation." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section 89, no. 6 (1993): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-5597(93)90121-5.

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McVary, Kevin T., Kevin E. McKenna, and Chung Lee. "Prostate innervation." Prostate 36, S8 (1998): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(1998)8+<2::aid-pros2>3.0.co;2-u.

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Sundin, Lena, and Stefan Nilsson. "Branchial innervation." Journal of Experimental Zoology 293, no. 3 (2002): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.10130.

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Talagas, M., and L. Misery. "Innervation cutanée." EMC - Dermatologie 23, no. 2 (2021): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0246-0319(21)42967-5.

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Talagas, M., and L. Misery. "Innervation cutanée." EMC - Kinésithérapie - Médecine physique - Réadaptation 28, no. 2 (2015): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1283-0887(15)65781-4.

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Misery, L. "Innervation cutanée." EMC - Dermatologie 16, no. 1 (2014): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0246-0319(13)65145-6.

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Corniani, Giulia, and Hannes P. Saal. "Tactile innervation densities across the whole body." Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 4 (2020): 1229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00313.2020.

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The skin is our largest sensory organ and innervated by afferent fibers carrying tactile information to the spinal cord and onto the brain. The density with which different classes of tactile afferents innervate the skin is not constant but varies considerably across different body regions. However, precise estimates of innervation density are only available for some body parts, such as the hands, and estimates of the total number of tactile afferent fibers are inconsistent and incomplete. Here we reconcile different estimates and provide plausible ranges and best estimates for the number of d

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Corniani, Giulia, and Hannes P. Saal. "Tactile innervation densities across the whole body." Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 4 (2020): 1229–40. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00313.2020.

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The skin is our largest sensory organ and innervated by afferent fibers carrying tactile information to the spinal cord and onto the brain. The density with which different classes of tactile afferents innervate the skin is not constant but varies considerably across different body regions. However, precise estimates of innervation density are only available for some body parts, such as the hands, and estimates of the total number of tactile afferent fibers are inconsistent and incomplete. Here we reconcile different estimates and provide plausible ranges and best estimates for the number of d

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Govind, c. K., Philip J. Stephens, and Judith S. Eisen. "Polyneuronal innervation of an adult and embryonic lobster muscle." Development 87, no. 1 (1985): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.87.1.13.

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Motor innervation of the deep extensor muscle in the abdomen of lobsters (Homarus americanus) was compared in adults and embryos using electrophysiological techniques. There is widespread innervation of the adult muscle by the common excitor and inhibitor axons and regionally restricted or private innervation by three more excitor axons. In the embryo the earliest sign of functional innervation revealed a single inhibitory and two to three excitatory axons thus denoting simultaneous innervation by the full complement of axons. In corroboration, serial-section electron microscopy revealed sever

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Tao, Chen. "Autonomic Innervation from the Aortic Root Ventricular Ganglionated Plexi to the Pulmonary Vein: A Novel Pathway." Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiology 2, no. 2 (2015): 021–25. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-2976.000018.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Autonomic nerve innervation pathway from the ventricular GP to the pulmonary veins (PV) remains unclear. <strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigates the autonomic innervations from aortic root ventricular GP to the PVs. Nissl’s staining and fluorescent dual label staining were performed to determine the neuron structure in the aortic root GP in five dogs. Avidin Biotin Complex (ABC) staining were performed to study the efferent autonomic pathway from the aortic root GP to the PVs.

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Liu, Hao, René N. Caballero-Florán, Ty Hergenreder, et al. "DSCAM gene triplication causes excessive GABAergic synapses in the neocortex in Down syndrome mouse models." PLOS Biology 21, no. 4 (2023): e3002078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002078.

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Down syndrome (DS) is caused by the trisomy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). A major challenge in DS research is to identify the HSA21 genes that cause specific symptoms. Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) is encoded by a HSA21 gene. Previous studies have shown that the protein level of the Drosophila homolog of DSCAM determines the size of presynaptic terminals. However, whether the triplication of DSCAM contributes to presynaptic development in DS remains unknown. Here, we show that DSCAM levels regulate GABAergic synapses formed on neocortical pyramidal neurons (PyNs). In the Ts65D

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Barajas, L., and K. V. Powers. "Innervation of the thick ascending limb of Henle." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 255, no. 2 (1988): F340—F348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1988.255.2.f340.

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The overlap of accumulations of autoradiographic grains (AAGs) on profiles of the thick ascending limb of Henle (TALH) was measured in autoradiograms of sections from rat kidneys with monoaminergic nerves labeled by means of tritiated norepinephrine. The amount of AAG overlap was used as an indirect means of quantifying innervation along the TALHs of superficial, mid-cortical, and juxtamedullary nephrons. The density of innervation along the TALH showed nephron heterogeneity; the juxtamedullary nephrons with a high pre- and postjuxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) TALH density of innervation and th

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Sun, L. S., P. C. Ursell, and R. B. Robinson. "Chronic exposure to neuropeptide Y determines cardiac alpha 1-adrenergic responsiveness." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 261, no. 3 (1991): H969—H973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.3.h969.

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The onset of sympathetic innervation induces a developmental change in the cardiac alpha 1-adrenergic chronotropic response from an increase to a decrease in rate. The mechanism by which innervation induces this alteration is unknown. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is found abundantly in cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals, was considered as a possible mediator for this effect. Chronic conditioning by NPY in noninnervated myocyte cultures stimulated the effect of sympathetic innervation in inducing the alpha 1-inhibitory chronotropic response. Chronic conditioning by the NPY antagonist PYX-2 bloc

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Caetano, Edie Benedito, Yuri da Cunha Nakamichi, Renato Alves de Andrade, et al. "Flexor Pollicis Brevis Muscle. Anatomical Study and Clinical Implications." Open Orthopaedics Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 1321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001711011321.

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Introduction: This paper reports anatomical study of nature, incidence, innervation and clinical implications of Flexor Pollicis Brevis muscle (FPB). Material and Methods: The anatomical dissection of 60 limbs from 30 cadavers were performed in the Department of Anatomy of Medical School of Catholic University of São Paulo. Results: The superficial head of FPB has been innervated by the median nerve in 70% and in 30% it had double innervation. The deep head of FPB were absent in 14%, in 65%, occurred a double innervation. In 17.5% by deep branch of ulnar nerve and in 3.6% by recurrent branch o

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Bartness, Timothy J., and Maryam Bamshad. "Innervation of mammalian white adipose tissue: implications for the regulation of total body fat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 275, no. 5 (1998): R1399—R1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.5.r1399.

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We review the extensive physiological and neuroanatomical evidence for the innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) as well as what is known about the sensory innervation of this tissue. The SNS innervation of WAT appears to be a part of the general SNS outflow from the central nervous system, consisting of structures and connections throughout the neural axis. The innervation of WAT by the SNS could play a role in the regulation of total body fat in general, most likely plays an important role in regional differences in lipid mobilization specifically,

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Zubareva, T. V., and S. V. Gyulnazarova. "Research of innervation and function of shoulder joint stabilizer muscles and parts of deltoid muscles in patients with old fractures of proximal humerus." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 1 (2018): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12202.

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Neurophysiological study of rotator cuff functions (m. biceps brachii, m. triceps, m. deltoideus dex. et sin.) and its innervation in patients with monolateral old fractures and fracture-dislocations of the proximal humerus are presented. Period after trauma was an average of one year. Significant neuritis of n. axillars and n. musculocutaneus were revealed on the traumatic side. Lowering of M-answers in comparison with individual norm was at 48,5% for n. axillaris, 59% - for n. musculocutaneus, 68% - for n. radialis. Strong degree of n. axillaris damage (M-answer 30% below normal) was observe

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Lath, Nikesh R., Csaba Galambos, Alejandro Best Rocha, Marcus Malek, George K. Gittes, and Douglas A. Potoka. "Defective pulmonary innervation and autonomic imbalance in congenital diaphragmatic hernia." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 302, no. 4 (2012): L390—L398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00275.2011.

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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with significant mortality due to lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. The role of embryonic pulmonary innervation in normal lung development and lung maldevelopment in CDH has not been defined. We hypothesize that developmental defects of intrapulmonary innervation, in particular autonomic innervation, occur in CDH. This abnormal embryonic pulmonary innervation may contribute to lung developmental defects and postnatal physiological derangement in CDH. To define patterns of pulmonary innervation in CDH, human CDH and control lung auto

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