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Børke, Martin Andreas. "Simulation of Innovation in Mobile Communication Markets." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8717.
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Mobile communication markets are known for frequent innovations with potentially high network effects. The conceptual work in economics and innovation studies show how the growth pattern for innovations in such markets could vary depending on the competition and market characteristics. However, the empirical research within this field is limited. This thesis introduces a computer simulation model for analyzing the development, adoption and diffusion of innovations in a mobile market. The model is based on Agent-Based Computational Economics (ACE), and makes use of behavioral theory of firms, economics, and sociology, to leverage the theoretical understating of the diffusion of innovations. The results of the simulation runs on the developed simulation software show that the topologies of social networks have strong effects on diffusion. However, it is also found that in situations where several competing companies launch their innovations sequentially, a winner-takes-all outcome is the most likely when the actors are completely rational. Further, when the information in the market is imperfect, the topology of social networks can create equilibria where the market is shared between several providers. Finally, the variance in consumer characteristics affects both the rate and the outcome of innovation diffusion. The thesis reaffirms that computer simulation is an effective way to combine the sociological and economic theories of innovation diffusion. The results show that there is still a need for more research on the field to better understand why some innovations fail, while other succeed and becomes accepted in the market. The outcome of an innovation launch is shown to be affected by several factors, including timing, network structure, market noise, and consumer characteristics. By using the simulation model to study the influence of such factors in a specific market, service providers may improve their competitive power.
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Harsh, Timothy. "Algorithmic simulation in system design and innovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70802.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63).
This thesis explores the use of genetic programming as a tool in the system design and innovation process. Digital circuits are used as a proxy for complex technological designs. Circuit construction is simulated through a computer algorithm which assembles circuit designs in an attempt to reach specified design goals. Complex designs can be obtained by repeatedly combining simpler components, often called building blocks, which were created earlier in the algorithm's progression. This process is arguably a reflection of the traditional development path of systems engineering and technological innovation. The choice of algorithm used to guide this process is crucial. This thesis considers two general types of algorithms-a blind random search method, and a genetic programming search method-with variations applied to each. The research focused on comparing these algorithms in regard to: 1) the successful creation of multiple complex designs; 2) resources utilized in achieving a design of a given complexity; and 3) the inferred time dependence of technological improvement resulting from the process. Also of interest was whether these algorithms would exhibit exponential rates of improvement of the virtual technologies being created, as is seen in real-world innovation. The starting point was the hypothesis that the genetic programming approach might be superior to the random search method. The results found however that the genetic programming algorithm did not outperform the blind random search algorithm, and in fact failed to produce the desired circuit design goals. This unexpected outcome is believed to result from the structure of the circuit design process, and from certain shortcomings in the genetic programming algorithm used. This work also examines the relationship of issues and considerations (such as cost, complexity, performance, and efficiency) faced in these virtual design realms to managerial strategy and how insights from these experiments might be applied to real-world engineering and design challenges. Algorithmic simulation approaches, including genetic programming, are found to be powerful tools, having demonstrated impressive performance in bounded domains. However, their utility to systems engineering processes remains unproven. Therefore, use of these algorithmic tools and their integration into the human creative process is discussed as a challenge and an area needing further research.
by Timothy Harsh.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Giudice, Sebastiano D. "Sound quality evaluations using interactive simulation : innovation report." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36740/.
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Sound Quality engineering (SQE) is a discipline that should be embedded within Noise Vibration and Harshness (NVH) engineering. Its purpose is to tailor and enhance a vehicle’s sound in order for it to meet and / or exceed the customers’ expectations of the car and of the brand. NVH engineers need to use the opinions of customers, key decision makers in the organisation and those of their colleagues to set objective NVH targets for new vehicles. Their opinions are captured through jury evaluations. Interactive simulation is a new approach to presenting sounds to a jury. It enables assessors to evaluate existing and concept cars generated in real time and before the manufacture of physical prototypes. This document summarises the research carried out for the EngD research programme. Its aim was to develop methodological approaches for setting up evaluations using interactive simulation, optimise its data capture and analysis capabilities and provide insight, to NVH engineers, into how assessors evaluate sound quality. The first stage of the research involved benchmarking how the interactive simulation tool was being used by its developers, and how NVH targets are set within an OEM. This provided the foundation upon which to build the new methodology. The benchmark was compared against methodological approaches used in experimental psychology and in other sensory perception practices. This identified that principles for the design of evaluations had not been considered and appropriate statistical analysis techniques were not being implemented. Therefore it was not possible to ensure if the differences observed in the results were significant or not. It also became apparent that as each assessor was free to drive vehicles however they wished, the NVH engineers would not be able to link the assessor’s subjective impressions with the acoustical stimuli used to form an opinion. This was due to the lack of observational methods that could be applied. In addition, the use of this form of interactivity was novel compared to the approaches available before the introduction of the simulation. Therefore it was not yet understood how it could influence the outcome of the evaluations. An iterative approach was adopted to develop both tools and methods. Following the benchmarking stages, experimental design principles were implemented and a structured briefing method was formulated for the first time. These contributed to the overall methodologies and were also used to ensure the studies conducted as part of this research programme were free from experimental biases. This stage was followed by identifying a statistical analysis framework which can be used to study the assessors’ subjective impressions. These contributions enable the NVH engineer to understand if the differences observed between sounds are significant or not. The next phase was to understand how to best capture subjective opinions. Recommendations for this were based on the purpose of the evaluation. For the benchmarking stages of the NVH target setting process, many cars are often evaluated and therefore the duration of the evaluation can be a concern. However, the desired level of accuracy of the results is not as high as it is for the validations stages, upon which key engineering decisions are based, and also fewer cars are evaluated. Taken together it was possible to recommend the use of scaled interfaces for the benchmarking stages and the paired comparison method for the validation stages. The former takes less time to complete than the latter, which is however more accurate. The data capture capabilities were further enhanced through the development of a driver observation module; this enabled the assessor’s assessment strategies to be recorded. The data collected provided insight into how assessors drove with the aid of new visualisation and analysis techniques developed. Given the availability of these new methods and tools it was then possible to use the simulator to observe the influence of interactivity on the outcome of the evaluation. This demonstrated that assessment strategies can vary depending on the question asked to the assessor. The study indicated that assessors associated the refinement character of a car with driving conditions other than those presented to them in traditional evaluations. Through the research and developments of this EngD programme, NVH engineers can now observe with confidence if differences between sounds are significant and they can see and hear how the assessor made decisions. Therefore they can now link subjective impressions formed with the stimuli evaluated by the assessor, hence an effective way of using the simulator has been proposed.
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Ny, Henrik. "Strategic Life-Cycle Modeling and Simulation for Sustainable Product Innovation." Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00441.
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Many specific methods and tools have been developed to deal with sustainability problems. However, without a unifying theory it is unclear how these relate to each other and how they can be used strategically. A Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) is being developed to cover this need for clarity and structure. It includes backcasting from a principled definition of sustainability as a key feature. The aim of this thesis is to study how this framework can guide the use and improvement of detailed methods and tools, in particular to support sustainable product innovation (SPI). First, a new strategic life-cycle management approach is presented, in which the selection of aspects to be considered are not based on typical down-stream impact categories, but on identified major violations of sustainability principles. Ideas of how this approach can inform various specific methods and tools are also presented, as a basis for an integrated “toolbox” for SPI. As part of such, a new “template” approach for sustainable product development (TSPD) is developed through a sustainability assessment case study of TVs. That study indicates that this approach can create a quick and strategically relevant overview of critical sustainability aspects of a product, as well as facilitate communication between top management, product developers and external stakeholders. Based on such an assessment, it is sometimes necessary to go deeper into details, including the use of specific engineering methods and tools. To facilitate a coordinated assessment of sustainability aspects and technical aspects, an introductory procedure for sustainability-driven design optimization is suggested trough a water jet cutting case study. Equally important, to get a breakthrough for SPI, it is essential to integrate sustainability aspects into the overall decision-making process at different levels in companies. An approach to assessing sustainability integration in strategic decision systems is therefore also developed through a case study involving several companies. Finally, the integration between the FSSD and general systems modeling and simulation (SMS) is discussed and tested in another water jet cutting case study. It is shown feasible to start with the FSSD to create lists of critical flows and practices, ideas of long term solutions and visions, and a first rough idea about prioritized early investments. After that, SMS can be applied to study the interrelationships between the listed items, in order to create more robust and refined analyses of the problems at hand, possible solutions and investment paths, while constantly coupling back to the sustainability principles and guidelines of the FSSD. This research shows that the combination of the FSSD with detailed methods and tools cohesively provides decision-makers with both a robust overview and, when needed, a more coordinated and effective detailed support. To utilize its full potential, this approach should now be integrated into decision processes, software and manuals for SPI.
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Marrison, Claire. "The simulation of emergency escape behaviour : an innovation in methodology." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292307.
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Rainville, Thomas A. "Simulation innovation in Naval Special Warfare by utilizing small working groups." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA387750.
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Jederström, Kathrina, and Sebastian Andersson. "Process Innovation Challenges : - how to reduce Uncertainty through Discrete Event Simulation." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35731.
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In today’s competitive market, a company will not succeed unless they stand out in other ways than pure benefits with its products. This can be reached by in some way altering the process currently in place. One way, is by introducing process innovation. Advantages related to the adoption of process innovation has been found in literature, for example by increase competitiveness, increase productivity, and increase plant visibility. However, process innovation evokes uncertainty. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) models has in previous research been suggested as a tool to reduce uncertainty at manufacturing companies when they are undergoing changes. However, the study of change in process innovation setting has been largely ignored. By acknowledging this gap in current research, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the use of DES models are able to reduce uncertainties in process innovation. The study is guided by three research questions: 1. What are the characteristics of process innovation introduction in a production process context? 2. How is the production process at manufacturing companies affected by process innovation related uncertainties? 3. How can the usage of DES contribute to reduction of uncertainties during the introduction of process innovation at manufacturing companies? In order to answer these questions, a research methodology consisting of a literature review and a case study including the usage of DES were applied. In this thesis the case study is conducted at a manufacturing company, presented with the goal of making a modification in the production. This is done in an attempt to make it more environmental friendly while also establish a competitive edge over the rivals. To reach this, an implementation of a process innovation technology is under planning, but introducing something new creates numerous uncertainties. To be able to implement this process innovation, uncertainty reduction is crucial. By identify literature within the field, and compare with findings from interviews and workshops at the studied company, process innovation characteristics and how process innovation evokes uncertainties were identified. From the usage DES in this thesis, uncertainties were reduced, partly reduced and identified while some uncertainties remain unresolved. Moreover, the findings point to the creation of the simulation model working as a visualisation of the current production and the possible future, which generates a discussion platform for all stakeholders involved.I den nuvarande konkurrenskraftiga marknaden har ett företag många utmaningar ifall de vill lyckas. Det räcker nämligen inte längre med att ha bra produkter utan de måste också förbättras på andra sätt. Ett sätt att uppnå detta på, är att genomföra förändringar i den nuvarande produktionen, en metod för detta är introducera en processinnovation på företaget. Under detta arbete har fördelarna relaterade till processinnovation upptäckts i befintlig litteratur, till exempel genom att ökad konkurrentskraftighet, produktivitet och synlighet för fabriken. Dessvärre framkallar implementeringen av en processinnovation osäkerheter. Diskret händelse simulering (DES) modeller har i tidigare forskning föreslagits som ett verktyg för at minska osäkerheter i tillverkningsföretag, medan de planerar att genomgår en förändring. Forskning om hur simulering hanterar fabriker som genomgår en processinnovation har i hög grad ignorerats. De här studien har för avsikt att undersöka just det området där nuvarande forskning brister, nämligen om ifall DES modeller kan minska osäkerheter i processinnovationer. Tre forskningsfrågor har tagits fram för att styra arbetet: 1. Vilka kännetecken har introduktionen av processinnovation i en produktionsprocess kontext? 2. Hur påverkas produktionsprocess hos tillverkande företag av de osäkerheter som processinnovation medför? 3. Hur kan DES användas för att bidra till minskandet av osäkerheter i tillverkande företag som introducerar processinnovation? För att besvara dessa frågor genomfördes an litteraturstudie och en fallstudie som innehöll simulering. Fallstudien som utfördes på ett tillverkningsföretag som är i planeringsstadiet för att införa en processinnovation. Innovationen har för avsikt att göra produktionen mer miljövänlig och samtidigt skapa en fördel över konkurrenterna. Nuvarande planering är fylld av osäkerheter eftersom tillägget av någonting nytt alltid gör det. Därför är reduceringen av osäkerheter avgörande för att en implementering ska kunna genomföras Genom att identifiera forskning inom området, och jämföra den med resultat från företagsrelaterade intervjuer och workshops, identifierade kännetecken på processinnovation och hur processinnovation skapar osäkerheter. Genom att använda DES i examensarbetet, minskades antalet osäkerheter, till fullo och delvis, och nya osäkerheter identifierades. Dessutom visar resultat på studien att simulering kan användas som ett visualiseringsverktyg för att skapa en diskussionsplattform angående framtida förändringar i produktionen.
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Saunders, Daniel M. "Developing student-centred learning within higher education through simulation gaming and innovation." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284892.
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Carnegie, Craig Robert. "Simulation of high strain rate deformation in structural polymeric foam : innovation report." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98790/.
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Passenger safety within vehicles is a priority for automotive companies in order to meet both the regulations and customer expectations. The safety critical materials, those used for absorbing energy during a crash, are simulated with FEA in order to design and improve components and to reduce the requirement for physical testing, which in turn saves on development time and cost. The simulation capabilities of Jaguar Land Rover were identified as lacking in accuracy for energy absorbing materials. Quasi-static and dynamic testing of expanded polypropylene as coupon samples and vehicle components was carried out to assess their stress-strain responses, energy absorption capabilities and strain rate effects. Using the properties within FEA the mechanical behaviour of the material was predicted and validated against the physical testing. Updated material models were implemented back into Jaguar Land Rover that fully incorporate strain rate effects and contain reliable, traceable input data. The material models require stress-strain curves, density, material modulus and un-loading characteristics. A test methodology has been implemented into Jaguar Land Rover for characterising energy absorbing materials, something that was previously unavailable. This includes the use of three machines, a low strain rate Instron 5800R, a high strain rate Drop Tower and a Very High Strain rate (VHS) testing rig; each used to understand the effect of compression testing at a range of strain rates and under decelerating/constant velocity impact conditions. Energy absorbing materials were sourced from two foam manufacturers. It was shown that different manufacturer’s material performed differently, even when supplied to the same requirement and manufactured from the same precursor. Computed tomography under synchrotron radiation was utilised to inspect material differences, identifying possible causes for stress-strain changes under compression. From the images a 3D mesostructural model was created to predict the material performance during deformation. As a result Jaguar Land Rover procedures were changed, increasing FEA capabilities and increasing the utilisation of foam within the vehicle. New test procedures were implemented for characterising future energy absorbing materials. The simulation and computed tomography work will help towards the understanding of foam compression mechanisms.
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Carandente, Mario. "FE simulation of the SPR process to predict joint characteristics : innovation report." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/94058/.
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Self-pierce riveting (SPR) is the core joining technology used by Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) to join aluminium & mixed material body in white (BIW). Currently, the application of this process has a serious constraint to the business due to the high investment and intensive labour required by physically testing joint feasibility. This is a critical issue especially where different stacks need to be joined by one SPR gun. In this case, the selection of a common rivet/die combination which suits different material stacks requires labour intensive work that in some cases can create long delays during a vehicle development and commissioning. In this context, the development of a simulation technique, based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA), could allow virtual assessment of the manufacturing feasibility of a joint. This will enable significant business benefits including: saving time, costs and materials requirement for the experimental trials. Three major challenges need to be addressed: short CPU time, accuracy and robustness in order for its application in a manufacturing environment. To achieve these objectives, detailed numerical methods capable of reproducing the key factors affecting the experimental process like tooling, boundary conditions and material plastic deformation are developed. For the first time, a thermo-mechanical finite element model for simulation of the SPR process has been proposed. This allowed consideration of the increase in temperature due to friction and plastic deformation generated during the rivet insertion. The effect of thermal softening and strain hardening were characterized for the development of the substrate material model and their influence on the numerical simulation was assessed. This study has been validated via production line data and a significantly high level of correlation between simulation and experimental data for over 1000 joints representative of a vehicle platform has been achieved. The application of the developed simulation technique will enable several business benefits such as significant reduction of engineering time and costs in contrast to the experimental procedure. These advantages allow a smooth implementation of the SPR process in a JLR production line by providing engineering recommendations rapidly and consistently. All these features, combined with accuracy and robustness have enabled the application of the developed tool into JLR business.
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Moore, Brenda Washington. "The Innovation of Simulation Laboratories and the Novice Nurses in the Clinical Setting." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/66.
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The push to generate professional nurses has raised questions about the competency level of the novice nurses that are entering the workforce. Utilization of simulation laboratories is being viewed as an option for bridging the gap for the shortage of nurses, nurse educators, and clinical sites. The theory of goal attainment was used to guide this project, which aimed to develop and validate an ER simulation scenario that mimics a clinical setting as a tool for measuring nursing skills. An additional purpose, to be accomplished after graduation, will be to implement a pilot project to determine the impact of the validated simulation scenario within the nursing skills laboratories on the quality of care provided by novice nurses to patients. The validation of the ER simulation scenario was completed by having 10 local experts review the developed ER simulation scenario. The experts then completed a 5-question Likert-type scale survey. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the results of the survey and validate the simulation scenario tool. Results revealed that all experts strongly agreed that the ER scenario was visually appealing and had enough subject content. Most experts strongly agreed that it was easy to read and follow. Post-graduation and with the assistance of the education organization, the second part of this proposal will occur with a pilot study implementation. The significance of this project to the nursing practice is to utilize simulation as a bridge to real life practice settings. This project may contribute to the American Nurses Association Standards of best practice which works to improve patient safety as well as quality nursing care.
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Castillo, Arablooian Jeanette, and Marina Jaksic. "Formalizing innovation-stimulating interventions for computer-based simulation within the DRIVE-AB project." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322552.
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Hardenacke, Jens. "Die Etablierung neuer Technologien auf Netzeffektmärkten : eine objektorientierte Simulation mit Hilfe genetischer Algorithmen /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2005. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2098-8.htm.
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Collins, Matt. "The emotional side of breakthrough innovation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9696.
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Breakthrough innovations are vital for the global economy and even our survival as a species. They appear as creative leaps and insights without obvious connection to existing knowledge and are extremely valuable to organisations, giving them significant competitive advantage. Historiometric and psychopathological evidence shows that breakthrough innovations are often associated with individuals and affective dysfunction; yet innovation today is widely held to be an organisational phenomenon operationalised though a model of creativity based on positive affective experiences and group activities which may be particularly unsuited to innovative thinkers. Research upon which the current paradigm for creativity and innovation are based is detached from real world outcomes and has been challenged as to its validity. Little data exists outside of experiments or indirect observation of naturally occurring affective experiences and the mood-creativity-innovation link has yet to be proven; we still know very little about how breakthrough innovations occur. This unique study addresses this significant gap in innovation research with a two-year longitudinal case study of a breakthrough innovation being developed for a multi-national Fast-Moving Consumer Goods company. It followed the journey of a lone innovator and attempts to answer the research question: “Can a fear of failure lead to breakthrough innovation?” The innovation space was investigated from three perspectives: technology, organisation and innovator, to build a picture of the highly immersive and emotionally charged experience of innovating. Many new insights were gained, and with extensive support from literature, new tools for the management of technology and the interface between innovators and organisations were developed, along with ground-breaking research into the mood-creativity innovation link. These are delivered through a series of four journal papers. The key finding from this research has been the discovery of the innovation-wave, a phenomenon which for the first time provides evidence for the mood-creativity-innovation link; intimately connecting real-world creative efficacy with emotion and specifically a ‘fear of failure’. From this finding a new theory and psycho-cognitive model for a distinct form of creativity called innovative thinking, driven by negative affect (mood) and specifically suited to achieving a breakthrough innovation through overcoming apparently insoluble problems, was posited and a hypothesis proposed and tested using a sophisticated innovation simulation developed especially for this purpose. Evidence from the case study and later experiment provide support for the research question and the lone innovator. This study makes a unique contribution to our understanding of creativity and innovation which could have a significant impact on how both are researched, taught and managed in the future. Being able to understand and possibly manipulate the innovation-wave, if proven correct, could be vitally important for maximising the potential for creating breakthrough innovations to the benefit of us all.
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Camacho, Camacho Veronica. "Les images de synthèse tridimensionnelles animées : entre tradition et innovation artistique." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082397.
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La synthèse d’images tridimensionnelles animées est une technique complexe et ambiguë recourant à d’innombrables modèles de simulation numérique. De par leur vocation technique ces images sont capables de simuler la quasi-totalité des techniques artistiques traditionnelles, tout en les améliorant, et beaucoup de réalisateurs les ont utilisés dans ce sens. Mais ces mêmes techniques de simulation sont aussi, en même temps, susceptibles de proposer aux artistes des moyens nouveaux capables de changer les conditions de la création artistique et de favoriser l’innovation. L’hypothèse de cette recherche repose sur l’idée que la simulation numérique, tout particulièrement dans le domaine de la synthèse d’images tridimensionnelles animées, est à la fois capable d’enrichir les pratiques artistiques déjà existantes et d’en révéler de nouvelles. Cette thèse mixte propose donc de démontrer la manière dont ces techniques imitent et innovent en même temps. La méthode employée repose sur l’observation et l’analyse d’un corpus historique d’images de synthèses tridimensionnelles animéesThe three-dimensional computer animation is a complex and ambiguous technique resorting to innumerable models of digital simulation. From their technical vocation these images are able to simulate the near total of the traditional artistic techniques, while improving them, and much of directors used them in this direction. But these same techniques of simulation are also, at the same time, likely to propose to the artists new means able to change the conditions of artistic creation and to support the innovation. The assumption of this research rests on the idea that the digital simulation, particularly in the field of the three-dimensional computer animation, is at the same time able to enrich the already existing artistic practices and to reveal news of them. This mixed PhD thesis thus proposes to show the way in which these techniques imitate and innovate at the same time. The method employed rests on the observation and analyzes of a historical corpus of three-dimensional computer animated films
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Karlsson-Holm, Robin, and Linus Linder. "Entreprenörskap genom brädspel." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24831.
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Sammanfattning ”Entreprenörskap genom brädspel” Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Innovation - 15 HP Institution: Akademin för Innovation, Teknik och Design (IDT) Författare: Linus Linder & Robin Karlsson-Holm Titel: Entreprenörskap genom brädspel Handledare: Erik Lindhult Nyckelord: Entreprenörskap, Entreprenöriellt lärande, Spel, Simulation och Innovation Forskningsfrågor: Hur kan utformning av ett entreprenörskapsspel för gymnasieelever som ska driva UF-företag se ut? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utveckla ett entreprenörskapsspel som genererar kunskaper i entreprenörskap. Metod: Författarna har genomfört en kvalitativ studie som har haft parallella metoder för insamling av förstahandskällor. Dels i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med informanter och sedan i en mer experimentell metod, aktionsforskning. Genom att använda kvalitativ metod och semi-strukturerade intervjuer skapar författarna en bättre helhetsbild av studien. Slutsats: Efter arbetets gång har författarna utvecklat ett entreprenörskapsspel för gymnasieelever som ska driva UF-företag. Spelet har anpassats efter Ung företagsamhets processmodell för att ge elever kunskaper och erfarenheter som dem kommer ha användning för vid UF-företagande. I Unga Entreprenörer får eleverna starta ett företag och sedan driva det, på samma sätt som dem kommer driva sina framtida UF-företag. I uppstartsfasen fattar eleverna beslut samt bekantar sig med begrepp som affärsplan, marknadsanalys, marknadsetablering och budgetering. I den drivande fasen får eleverna i grupp fatta många beslut samt att dem bekantar sig med begrepp som marknadsföring, konkurrensfördelar, kundrelationer, resultaträkning samt balansräkning
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Sosa, Medina Ricardo. "Computational Explorations of Creativity and Innovation in Design." University of Sydney. College of Sciences and Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/614.
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This thesis addresses creativity in design as a property of systems rather than an attribute of isolated individuals. It focuses on the dynamics between generative and evaluative or ascriptive processes. This is in distinction to conventional approaches to the study of creativity which tend to concentrate on the isolated characteristics of person, process and product. Whilst previous research has advanced insights on potentially creative behaviour and on the general dynamics of innovation in groups, little is known about their interaction. A systems view of creativity in design is adopted in our work to broaden the focus of inquiry to incorporate the link between individual and collective change. The work presented in this thesis investigates the relation between creativity and innovation in computational models of design as a social construct. The aim is to define and implement in computer simulations the different actors and components of a system and the rules that may determine their behaviour and interaction. This allows the systematic study of their likely characteristics and effects when the system is run over simulated time. By manipulating the experimental variables of the system at initial time the experimenter is able to extract patterns from the observed results over time and build an understanding of the different types of determinants of creative design. The experiments and findings presented in this thesis relate to artificial societies composed by software agents and the social structures that emerge from their interaction. Inasmuch as these systems aim to capture some aspects of design activity, understanding them is likely to contribute to the understanding of the target system. The first part of this thesis formulates a series of initial computational explorations on cellular automata of social influence and change agency. This simple modelling framework illustrates a number of factors that facilitate change. The potential for a designer to trigger cycles of collective change is demonstrated to depend on the combination of individual and external or situational characteristics. A more comprehensive simulation framework is then introduced to explore the link between designers and their societies based on a systems model of creativity that includes social and epistemological components. In this framework a number of independent variables are set for experimentation including characteristics of individuals, fields, and domains. The effects of these individual and situational parameters are observed in experimental settings. Aspects of relevance in the definition of creativity included in these studies comprise the role of opinion leaders as gatekeepers of the domain, the effects of social organisation, the consequences of public and private access to domain knowledge by designers, and the relation between imitative behaviour and innovation. A number of factors in a social system are identified that contribute to the emergence of phenomena that are normally associated to creativity and innovation in design. At the individual level the role of differences of abilities, persistence, opportunities, imitative behaviour, peer influence, and design strategies are discussed. At the field level determinants under inspection include group structure, social mobility and organisation, emergence of opinion leaders, established rules and norms, and distribution of adoption and quality assessments. Lastly, domain aspects that influence the interaction between designers and their social groups include the generation and access to knowledge, activities of gatekeeping, domain size and distribution, and artefact structure and representation. These insights are discussed in view of current findings and relevant modelling approaches in the literature. Whilst a number of assumptions and results are validated, others contribute to ongoing debates and suggest specific mechanisms and parameters for future experimentation. The thesis concludes by characterising this approach to the study of creativity in design as an alternative �in silico� method of inquiry that enables simulation with phenomena not amenable to direct manipulation. Lines of development for future work are advanced which promise to contribute to the experimental study of the social dimensions of design.
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Steiner, Alexis. "Élaboration et mise en oeuvre d'un modèle organisationnel favorisant l'open innovation : contribution à l'innovation collaborative." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0148/document.
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L’avènement du concept d’Open Innovation a été perçu par les industriels comme une formidable opportunité pour améliorer leur processus d’innovation et augmenter leur marge. En effet, ce concept prônant la large distribution des connaissances, suggère que les entreprises doivent solliciter leur environnement pour acquérir de nouvelles technologies par le biais de collaborations et que la valorisation des technologies internes à l’entreprise peut se faire de divers manières, comme le licensing. Alors les frontières de l’entreprise deviennent poreuses pour permettre une forte interaction avec des partenaires externes. Malgré toutes les promesses de ce concept, celui-ci a apporté un certain nombre de problématiques allant de la propriété intellectuelle à la culture d’entreprise en passant par les freins cognitifs. En accord avec le partenaire industriel de cette thèse, notre observation terrain et les constats bibliographiques, nous nous sommes concentrés sur les aspects organisationnels à mettre en œuvre pour mener une politique d’Open Innovation. Ainsi, cette thèse propose un premier modèle conceptuel pour ancrer une organisation dans son environnement et prendre pleinement en compte le paradigme d’Open Innovation. Ce modèle se base sur l’hypothèse que l’environnement est composé de facteurs d’influence qui ont un impact sur les projets de l’entreprise et que ceux-ci doivent posséder un capital compétence adéquate pour maitriser ces facteurs et atteindre les objectifs. Fort de ce cadre conceptuel, nous avons modélisé mathématiquement une organisation avec une approche coût/bénéfice pour comprendre le fonctionnement d’une organisation en mode « open ». Cela nous a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle de la structure organisationnelle et de la stratégie pour une politique d’Open Innovation. Enfin, en accord avec notre posture épistémologique d’action-recherche, nous avons développé un outil d’aide à l’orientation de l’action, RO²I (Relevant Organization for Open Innovation). L’objectif de cet outil est de proposé aux porteurs de projets, à t=0 du projet, une aide pour prendre en compte les aspects collaboratifs afin de mener leurs projets à bien et de choisir le bon modèle organisationnel pour inclure les compétences des partenaires. Nous avons pu tester la pertinence de notre proposition sur plusieurs projets passés d’une équipe d’innovation de rupture. Une fois validé, nous avons souhaité vérifier que notre outil était utilisable par les porteurs de projet, eux-mêmes, donc nous avons effectué une expérimentation sur deux projets en phase de démarrage dans les services supports de Solvay. Ce travail conclue sur la nécessité de posséder une organisation adaptée aux activités de collaboration et sur la nécessité d’un outil permettant de prendre en compte l’Open Innovation. Nous proposons, en perspective, d’utiliser cet outil pour mesurer la capacité à Open Innover d’une entrepriseCompanies showed the arising of the Open Innovation concept as an amazing opportunity to improve their innovation process and increase profitability. Indeed, Open Innovation proposes to solicit external environment to acquire new technologies thanks to collaborations and, also, to add value to internal technologies by different path, like licensing-out, for instance. Then, firm boundaries become porous to allow strong interactions with external stakeholders. Despite to promises of this concept, it brings a lot of specific issues as intellectual property, firm culture or cognitive brakes. According to our industrial partner, our field observation and our state of art, we focused this work on organizational issues to perform an Open Innovation policy. To solve these issues, first, this these proposes a conceptual model to anchor an organization into it environment and to fully encompass the Open Innovation paradigm. We base our model on the next assumption: environment is composed by influence factors which impact projects of organization and these projects have to own an appropriate capital competence to master the factors and reach the purposes. Thanks to this conceptual framework, we modeled an organization with a mathematic cost/benefits approach to understand the functioning of an organization with « open » policy. Then, we highlighted the role of organizational structure and strategy to perform Open Innovation. Finally, we developed a decision-making tool, RO²I (Relevant Organization for Open Innovation). The objective of this tool is to help project manager to take into account the collaborations to lead his project at t=0 and to choose a suitable organization to anchor his project and acquire external competences. We tested our proposal on past project in an innovation team. After the validation, we verified the usability of our tool in industrial context. We experiment our tool on two projects into shared services of Solvay. We conclude this work on the necessity to anchor a project into a suitable organization for collaboration and on the necessity of a decision-making tool to take into account Open Innovation. For further researches based of our work, we propose to use RO²I to measure the capacity to Open Innovate of a firm
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Daudé, Eric. "Modélisation de la diffusion d'innovations par la simulation multi-agents : l'exemple d'une innovation en milieu rural." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440100.
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La diffusion dans l'espace géographique est l'expression d'une grande variété de logiques en interactions : logiques spatiales, logiques sociales et logiques économiques. Celles-ci coexistent et s'exercent à partir d'individus qui interagissent de manière répétitive. La simulation multi-agents permet la modélisation de ces processus dynamiques et offre alors la possibilité d'explorer de manière déductive les conséquences de nos théories et de tester la validité de nos hypothèses. L'intérêt d'une telle approche pour l'explication en géographie est argumenté d'un point de vue théorique, par l'exposé du corpus théorique de ces nouvelles méthodes et des bénéfices de leur transfert en sciences humaines et sociales, et d'un point de vue empirique, par l'étude de la diffusion des subventions à l'herbage en Suède du sud.
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Haines, Gareth. "A vehicle-to-home simulation tool for the analysis of novel energy storage applications : innovation report." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58743/.
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Vehicle-to-grid uses vehicles with on-board electricity storage as an energy storage system for the electricity grid. Vehicles not only take power from the grid when charging, but can supply power back to the grid. This storage mechanism can then be used in various applications, for example, providing balancing services and helping the introduction of renewable energy sources. Research into vehicle-to-grid suggests that it is feasible in certain applications. Indeed, the component technology required for vehicle-to-grid has been successfully demonstrated. Gaps in the analysis of vehicle-to-grid feasibility remain. Notably, the behaviour of individuals in a vehicle-to-home context is not well understood. A vehicle-to-home simulation tool was developed to address these gaps. The tool incorporates a use case methodology and a Matlab Simulink model. Application of the use case methodology identifies the inputs and constraints determined by users in a vehicle-to-home system. Feeding these inputs into the model facilitates the sensitivity analysis of vehicle-to-home operation to these user dependent variables. The use of the simulation tool is demonstrated in two case studies: Using an electric vehicle as back-up power supply; and using an electric vehicle to support small-scale distributed generation. The operation of a vehicle-to-home system in these case studies is presented, along with the sensitivity of operation to input parameters including: battery storage capacity, vehicle usage and vehicle charging. Both case studies demonstrated that, given the correct conditions|notably cooperation of the vehicle user|vehicle-to-home can operate successfully in storage applications. It was shown that an electric vehicle could provide back-up storage to households for a useful amount of time|between 20 hours and several days. It was shown that an electric vehicle can be used to store energy from a small-scale wind turbine such that the generation is better utilised than if no storage is available. The developed simulation tool enables analysis of novel vehicle-to-home applications not possible with previous models of vehicle-to-grid. The use of the tool highlighted the importance of including individual variation in behaviour when studying vehicle-to-home systems.
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Janssen, Arthur. "Modeling the market penetration of passenger cars with new drive-train technologies." [Zürich], 2005. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/ecol-pool/diss/abstracts/p15855.pdf.
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Heise, Bettina. "Prognose des Absatzpotentials innovativer Produkte unter Anwendung virtual-reality-basierter Produktvisualisierungen /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996716351/04.
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Schwarz, Nina. "Umweltinnovationen und Lebensstile : eine raumbezogene, empirisch fundierte Multi-Agenten-Simulation /." Marburg : Metropolis-Verl, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/543323331.pdf.
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Ahmadi, Mansour. "The application of system dynamics and discrete event simulation in supply chain management of Swedish manufacturing industries." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-16150.
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Increasing competition from traditional and emerging channels has placed new emphasis on rapid innovation and continuous differentiation in every aspect of supply chain, from earliest production stage to the final distribution steps. To bridge the gap between brilliant ideas and successful business initiatives, leading companies implement engineering simulation particularly in logistics and supply chain management (LSCM). Discrete event simulation (DES) and system dynamics (SD) are two modeling approaches widely used in this field. However there are not much done researches about the applications of these simulation approaches in supply chain context of Swedish Manufacturing Industries (SMI). This study explores the application of DES and SD in LSCM of SMI by looking at the nature and level of issues modeled. Journal papers and master theses that use these modeling approaches to study supply chains, published between 1990 and 2012 are reviewed. A total of 39 articles are analyzed to identify the frequency with which the two simulation approaches are used as modeling tools in LSCM of SMI. Our findings suggest that DES has been used more frequently to model supply chains in SMI. The results also show that not all the LSCM issues have been addressed evenly and generally tactical/operational issues have been modeled more frequently. The results of this study inform the existing literature about the use of DES and SD in LSCM of SMI.
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Chitescu, Liliana Cristina. "Simulation en ergonomie : facteur d'innovation dans la conception de produits : application à la conception de systèmes de travail." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CHITESCU_L_C.pdf.
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Positionnée dans le domaine du Génie des Systèmes Industriels, notre recherche s’intéresse à l’intégration du facteur humain dans le processus de conception de produits et des systèmes de travail associés. A l’appui des connaissances, des méthodes et des outils spécifiques issues des disciplines Sciences pour l’Ingénieur et Sciences Humaines et Sociales, notre travail propose ainsi une méthodologie de conception centrée sur l’Homme favorisant l'articulation "Ergonomie – Conception", dès le début et tout au long du processus. Au cœur de cette méthodologie se situe une méthode de simulation numérique des Activités Gestuelles et Posturales Humaines à l’aide des mannequins numériques, véritables modèles 3D de l’Humain. Ainsi, à travers cette méthode et par le biais de l’outil associé, MANERCOS – Module d’ANalyse pour l’ERgonomie et la COnception des Systèmes, nous proposons une nouvelle manière de concevoir ou re-concevoir de produits/systèmes de travail qui favorise l’innovation par une meilleure prise en compte des caractéristiques de l’Humain : anthropométriques, biomécaniques,… Par une application à la conception de systèmes de travail, nous montrons en particulier comment la méthodologie proposée permet de dépister et d’évaluer certains facteurs de risques de Troubles Musculo-Squelettiques (TMS), dus notamment au travail, à la conception des outils, des postes de travail, etc. , et de contribuer ainsi à la prévention de ces maladies professionnelles en constante augmentation depuis plusieurs années. Plus précisément, la démarche proposée est à même de définir, tester, évaluer et valider, avec l'ensemble des acteurs métiers du processus de conception, des maquettes numériques de futurs systèmes de travail afin de pouvoir mieux les adapter aux futurs opérateurs, en termes de santé, sécurité, confort et efficacité au travail. Nous révélons ainsi les capacités et la richesse de l’outil MANERCOS, mais également la manière dont il doit évoluer pour encore mieux favoriser la coopération "ergonome – concepteur " au sein de la conception. En particulier, les nouvelles fonctionnalités apportées à ce mannequin numérique, couplées à une centrale de mesure de mouvements et d'efforts (Centrale CAPTIV) et en perspective à une plate-forme de réalité virtuelle vont permettre, par la prise en compte des Activités Gestuelles et Posturales, une meilleure évaluation et prédiction des risques d’apparition de Troubles Musculo-Squelettiques (TMS)This research is positioned in the Industrial Engineering field and it is dealing with the human factor integration in the design process of products and associated work systems. Using the knowledge, methods and specific tools of two disciplines (Engineering Science and Social and Human Science), the research proposes a human-centered design methodology that is allowing a better “Ergonomics Analyse – Products Design” articulation, from the very beginning to last stage of process. At the heart of this methodology there is a numerical simulation method of Gestural and Posturales Activities of Human that is possible with the support of the numerical mannequins which are the 3D human models. So, this method and the MANERCOS associated tool permit us to propose a new way to design and re-design the products/work systems which allows the innovation by a better consideration of the human characteristics: anthropometrical, biomechanical etc… By the application to the work systems design, we show particularly how the proposed methodology allows to detect and to estimate some of the risk factors of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD) resulting from the working conditions, the tools and workplaces design etc. , and how to contribute in this case to the prevention of the professional diseases in constant increase for several years. More specific, the proposed methodology bring together all the actors of design process to define, to test, to estimate and to validate the numerical mock-ups of future work systems, adapted to the future operators, in terms of health, safety, comfort and efficiency at work. So we reveal capacities and the effectiveness of the MANERCOS tool, but we also show the way to evolve it in order to make better the "ergonomist - designer" cooperation within the design process. Particularly, the new features brought to this numerical mannequin, coupled at a measure tool of movements and efforts (CAPTIV tool) and associated in prospect at a virtual reality platform, will permit a better evaluation and prediction of the risks of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD), by taking into account the Gestural and Posturales Activities
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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Seismic Shift." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2662.
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Alves, Dinara Grasiela. "Modelagem e caracterização hidráulica de microtubos com múltiplas saídas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-12082014-104423/.
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A busca por estratégias para otimizar a eficiência de aplicação de água tem sido objeto de estudo de vários pesquisadores. Neste sentido, destaca-se a utilização de sistemas de microirrigação com microtubos devido ao seu baixo custo e elevada uniformidade de aplicação de água, sendo uma boa alternativa para pequenos agricultores. O emissor utilizado neste trabalho foi denominado \"microtubo com múltiplas saídas\" (MMS) o qual, por se tratar de uma configuração inovadora, é um tipo de gotejador inexistente no mercado. Este sistema é caracterizado por possuir menor custo em comparação com os sistemas atuais, que utilizam microtubos, tendo em vista a menor quantidade de material necessário à sua implantação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar, determinar as características hidráulicas do microtubo com múltiplas saídas e sua sensibilidade à obstrução por agentes físicos. A condução desta pesquisa dividiu-se em duas etapas. A primeira consistiu na determinação do diâmetro interno dos microtubos, em ensaios preliminares de verificação do modelo de dimensionamento dos MMS e na determinação do coeficiente de variação de fabricação, os quais foram realizados no Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas da Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\"/USP, em Piracicaba - SP. A segunda consistiu na determinação das características hidráulicas, na modelagem do escoamento d\'água no interior do microtubo com múltiplas saídas e na avaliação da sensibilidade dos microtubos à obstrução por agentes físicos, as quais foram realizadas no Laboratoire d\'essais et de recherche des matériels d\'irrigation pertencente ao Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l\'environnement et l\'agriculture (LERMI/IRSTEA, Aix en Provence, Montpellier, França). A configuração do emissor proposto consiste em um microtubo regulador de pressão (MRP) ligado a um conector com disposição radial de onde derivam seis microtubos emissores (ME). Realizou-se simulações hidráulicas do escoamento nos MMS, utilizando o programa computacional ANSYS Fluent. Determinou-se a sensibilidade à obstrução do MMS e dos microtubos com diâmetro interno de 0,888 e 1,074 mm. O microtubo com múltiplas saídas foi menos sensível à obstrução que os outros microtubos testados, entretanto, o mesmo apresenta áreas críticas quanto à ocorrência de obstrução no interior do conector, principalmente em áreas onde a velocidade da água é próxima ou igual à zero. As diferenças máxima e mínima entre a pressão simulada e a pressão observada experimentalmente foram 13% e 0,2% respectivamente. Desse modo, a simulação não apresentou resultados totalmente satisfatórios em termos de previsão da perda de carga, entretanto, é uma importante ferramenta para identificação de pontos críticos quanto à dissipação da perda de carga e que favorecem a ocorrência de obstrução. Para microtubos, as equações utilizadas no cálculo do fator de atrito da equação de Darcy-Weisbach não apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, contradizendo às recomendações da literatura para tubos convencionais. Uma possível causa dessa discordância é que a definição da faixa do regime de escoamento para microtubos seja diferente dos tubos convencionais, sendo necessária a realização de estudos complementares para se obter resultados mais conclusivos.The search for strategies to optimize the efficiency of water application has been studied by several researchers. In this sense, we highlight the use of microirrigation systems with microtubes due to its low cost and high uniformity of water application, being a good alternative for small farmers. The emitter used in this work was named \"microtube with multiple outlets\" (MMO) which is a kind of dripper non-existent in the market, because it is an innovative configuration. This system is characterized by having lower cost compared to existing systems that use microtubes, in view of the smaller amount of material required for its implementation. The objective of this work was to model, to determine the hydraulic characteristics of the microtube with multiple outlets and their sensitivity to clogging due physical agents. This research was divided into two stages. The first stage was determining the internal diameter of the microtubes, the lengths of the microtubes and the manufacturing coefficient of variation was conducted in the Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Engineering, School of Agriculture \"Luiz de Queiroz\" (ESALQ/USP) in Piracicaba - SP. The second stage was determining the hydraulic characteristics of the microtubes with multiple outlets, to model the flow of water within the microtube with multiple outlets and to evaluate a susceptibility of microtubes to physical agents. This tests were performed at the Laboratoire d\'essais et de recherche des matériels d\'irrigation belonging to the Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l\'environnement et l\'agriculture (LERMI/IRSTEA, Aix en Provence, Montpellier, France). The configuration of the proposed system consists of a supply microtube (SM) and six emitter microtubes (EM) that are connected to the supply microtube through a connector. The hydraulic simulations of flow in microtubes with multiple outlets was carried out using the software ANSYS Fluent. It was determined the MMO sensitivity to clogging and of microtubes with internal diameter of 0.888 and 1.074 mm. The microtube with multiple outlets was less sensitive to clogging than other tested microtubes, however, the MMO presents critical areas to occurrence of clogging within the connector, especially in areas where the water velocity is close or equal to zero. The maximum and minimum difference between the simulated pressure and experimentally observed pressure was 13% and 0.2 % respectively. The simulation did not provide fully satisfactory results in terms of predicting the head loss, however, it is an important tool to identify critical points of head loss and of critical points that favors the occurrence of clogging. For microtubes, the equations used to calculate the Darcy- Weisbach equation friction factor showed no satisfactory results, contradicting the recommendations from the literature for conventional tubes. One possible cause of this discrepancy is that the definition of the flow regime for microtubes is different from conventional tubes. More studies must be conducted to obtain more conclusive results are required.
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Leclerc, Bruno. "Modélisation systémique du développement de produits comme levier d'engagement de ses acteurs dans une démarche d'innovation." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11086.
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Une entreprise innove pour affronter un marché en constante évolution, augmenter ses marges de profitabilité et assurer sa pérennité. Créer une organisation innovante est donc un objectif tout à fait justifier. Or, la création d’une telle organisation constitue un projet ambitieux et de grande envergure. Par où et par quoi commencer? Pour envisager la création d’une organisation innovante, l’approche par essaimage représenterait une avenue intéressante. C’est un principe par lequel une petite unité innovante est créée dans une entreprise et qui, par propagation, convertit peu à peu les autres unités. Ainsi, dans les entreprises œuvrant en développement de produits (DP), il est suggéré de s’attaquer d’abord au système de DP, lequel transforme essentiellement les besoins du client en produits finaux. En outre, le système de DP renferme le système de développement de concepts (DC), regroupant les activités en amont du DP, transformant les besoins du client en concept de produit. Le concept de produit constitue l’initiateur des phases en aval du DP menant à la création du produit final. Or, le système de DC représenterait un levier d’amplification du système de DP et il renfermerait un potentiel énorme d’amélioration. Agir positivement sur la performance en DC conduirait à des répercussions positives sur la performance globale du DP. À cet égard, plusieurs scientifiques ont développé différents outils de conception afin d’aider les acteurs du DP à mieux performer en DC, considéré somme toute comme un élément difficile du DP. Mais ces acteurs du DP sont-ils vraiment enclins à utiliser lesdits outils? La présente recherche offre une meilleure compréhension des obstacles associés au DC et propose une méthodologie utilisant un modèle systémique du DP comme artéfact de réification du DC, dans une séance encourageant la participation des acteurs du DP de manière à élever le niveau de sens qu’ils accordent au DC. Plus ce niveau de sens est élevé, plus l’engagement des acteurs envers le DC s’accentuerait. Un engagement plus grand des acteurs du DP à performer en DC laisse présager une plus grande ouverture à s’approprier les outils de conception, une augmentation de la propension à innover et une meilleure performance globale en DP étant donné les liens qui unissent le DC au DP et au final, à l’organisation.
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Michelson, Kristen E., and Kristen E. Michelson. "Mediating Pedagogies for Teaching and Learning Language and Culture as Discourse: A Multiliteracies-Based Global Simulation in Intermediate French." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560942.
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Contemporary notions of literacy understand communication as a culturally, historically, and socially situated practice of using and interpreting a variety of linguistic and semiotic resources as they combine within oral and written textual genres to fulfill particular social goals within a given cultural context (Gee, 1998, 2012; Cope & Kalantzis, 2000; Kern, 2000; Kramsch, 1993, 1995; New London Group, 1996). These more recent views of literacy have important implications for foreign language (FL) teaching, and call for pedagogies which promote language learning as a socially and culturally situated practice. Despite this, lower level FL teaching in the US continues to feature instructional practices that promote decontextualized, transactional language usage with attention skewed toward oral communication (Byrnes, Maxim, & Norris, 2010; Kern & Schultz, 2005; Schulz, 2006) through materials that locate conversations in students' own contexts rather than in target language discourse contexts (Liddicoat, 2000; Magnan, 2008b). Further, foreign language (FL) departments contain bifurcated curricula where lower-level (LL) courses rooted in instrumental views of language focus on skills of communication, and upper-level (UL) courses primarily center around the study of canonical literature. In 2007 an Ad Hoc Committee of the Modern Language Association (MLA) problematized these divisions, calling upon departments to transform traditional structures toward a more coherent curriculum where language, culture, and discourse are taught holistically (MLA, 2007).This dissertation responds to this call with a curricular design project for intermediate collegiate-level French through a Global Simulation (GS) carried out through a genre-based approach and a Pedagogy of Multiliteracies (New London Group, 1996). For the duration of the course, students adopted character roles through which they enacted contextually- and identity-bound discourse styles within a culturally-grounded fictitious world. Informed by sociocultural theory, this research took a socio-constructivist qualitative approach to analysis of data from learner artifacts, participant written reflections, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires to explore learners' responses to this fusion of pedagogies from three perspectives: 1) how prior experiences combined with goals and beliefs about language shaped learners' engagement and learning outcomes, 2) how the characters, context, tasks, and textual genres worked in combination to evoke situated language use, and 3) how character-adoption and reflective engagement with LC2 textual meanings invited cross-cultural perspective-taking in the discussion of contemporary social issues. Findings from these three inquiries demonstrate that despite the prevalence of traditional beliefs about language, culture, and FL study, learners are indeed inclined to adapt to new instructional contexts. Further, the combination of pedagogical activities - character, texts, tasks, and critical reflection - can foster second language learners' abilities to recognize culture, context, and identity in communication, and to appropriate language and other symbolic forms selectively for communication of particular meanings across different discourse contexts. These findings point to both the viability and the need to continue ongoing efforts to shape FL curricula and materials in ways which recognize the integral links between language, culture and discourse.
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Eugénio, António Luís Beja. "The information systems and technology innovation process: a study using an agent-based approach." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/636.
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Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de InformaçãoUm modelo abstracto baseado em agentes é utilizado para estudar a inovação em Sistemas de Informação e em Tecnologia de Informação, no plano organizacional, utilizando uma aproximação sócio-cognitiva. A conclusão do estudo indica que o poder dos profissionais conhecedores de tecnologias de informação na decisão de adopção de uma determinada inovação varia com o nível de concordância de ideias entre eles e os decisores, ao mesmo tempo que depende da taxa de depreciação das transacções, conduzindo a uma forte flutuação de poder quando o ambiente é instável.
An abstract Agent Based Model is used to study Information Systems and Information Technology innovation on an organizational realm, using a socio-cognitive approach. Conclusion is drawn that the power of the knowledge workers in the decision to adopt an IS/IT innovation within an organization varies with the matching level of ideas between them and the top management, while being dependant of the transactions’ depreciation rate, leading to a strong fluctuation of power when the environment is unstable.
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Le, Bail Chloé. "La dimension idéologique en conception collaborative : anticiper un système sociotechnique citoyen innovant pour une gestion durable et partagée des ressources." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0031/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de l’Innovation Sociale pour le développement durable et porte sur l’anticipation d’un système sociotechnique citoyen innovant favorable à une gestion écologique et partagée des ressources. Ce type d’innovation implique les idéologies individuelles et collectives (les idées et les valeurs propres à un individu ou à un groupe et qui orientent les actions / discours de cet individu / ce groupe). La recherche s’intéresse spécifiquement à la mobilisation de la dimension idéologique en conception collaborative de ce type d’innovation. La thèse défendue est la suivante : à travers la discussion et le débat sur les solutions de conception, sont co-construites des connaissances « sociotechniques » relatives à l’objet même à concevoir, ainsi que des connaissances « idéologiques » relatives aux valeurs que doit véhiculer cet objet. L’acceptabilité collective du futur système repose sur l’articulation de ces deux dimensions épistémiques, et cette articulation est soutenue par des interactions argumentatives constructives. Nous avons adopté la démarche méthodologique de l’ergonomie prospective et proposons un cycle de conception en trois étapes : 1) L’analyse d’un système sociotechnique de référence, 2) La création de systèmes sociotechniques probables, 3) La simulation d’un système sociotechnique imaginé. Les trois étapes sont des situations de conception collaborative. Elles ont été menées avec des usagers de la société civile. Les résultats constituent un socle pour le développement de méthodes et d’outils réflexifs visant à soutenir la conception collaborative de systèmes sociotechniques qui impliquent fortement la dimension idéologiqueThis thesis concerns the context of Social Innovation for sustainable development. The thesis relates to the anticipation of an innovative and citizen sociotechnical system that encourages ecological and shared uses of resources. This type of innovation involves individual and collective ideologies. The notion of ideology is understood here as a system of ideas and values, specific to an individual or a group, and which guide action and/or appear in discourse. Our research focuses on the mobilization of the ideological dimension during the collaborative design of this type of innovation. The defended thesis is: through discourse and debate about design solutions, "sociotechnical" knowledge is co-elaborated (related to the object that is designed) as well as "ideological" knowledge (in relation to the values that have to be conveyed by the object). The common acceptability of the future system is based on the articulation of these two epistemic dimensions; and this articulation is supported by constructive argumentative interactions. We have adopted the methodological approach of the prospective ergonomics and we propose a three-step design cycle: 1) The analysis of an inspiring socio-technical system, 2) The construction of hypothetical socio-technical systems, 3) The simulation of a hypothetical sociotechnical system. All of the three steps are collaborative design situations. They were implemented with citizens. The results of our research are useful for the development of reflexive methods and tools that support the collaborative design of sociotechnical systems that strongly imply an ideological dimension
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San, Jose Rhoda Lynn Atienza. "Educating Nurses on Workflow Changes from Electronic Health Record Adoption." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3321.
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Workflow issues related to adoption of the electronic health record (EHR) has led to unsafe workarounds, decreased productivity, inefficient clinical documentation and slow rates of EHR adoption. The problem addressed in this quality improvement project was nurses' lack of knowledge about workflow changes due to EHR adoption. The purpose of this project was to identify changes in workflow and to develop an educational module to communicate the changes. This project was guided by both the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) and the diffusion of innovations theory. Five stages were involved: process mapping, cognitive walkthrough, eLearning module development, pilot study, and evaluation. The process maps and cognitive walkthrough revealed significant workflow changes particularly in clinical practice guidelines, emergency department treatment plan, and the interdisciplinary care plan. The eLearning module was developed to describe workflow changes using gamification, scenario-based learning, and EHR simulation. The 14-item course evaluation included a 6-point Likert scale and closed- and open-ended questions. A purposive sample of nurses (N = 30) from the emergency department and inpatient care areas were invited to complete the eLearning module and course evaluation. Data were collected until saturation was achieved (n = 15). Descriptive statistics revealed the participants' positive learning experience. This quality improvement project is expected to contribute to positive social change by facilitating the effective use of the new EHR which can improve the quality of patient care, promote patient safety, reduce healthcare costs, and improve patient outcomes.
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Ziegenfuss, Katharina. "Bewertung innovativer Geschäftsmodelle: Entwicklung eines Simulationsmodells und Anwendung auf die bedarfsabhängige Funktionserweiterung im vernetzten Fahrzeug: Development of a simulation model and application to the ‘Function on Demand’ concept of the connected car." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73123.
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Die Bedeutung innovativer Geschäftsmodelle als Bestimmungsfaktor für den Unternehmenserfolg steht weitestgehend außer Frage. Aufgrund der hohen Komplexität von Geschäftsmodellen hat sich jedoch bislang kein praktisch anwendbares Bewertungskonzept etablieren können, welches Geschäftsmodellinnovationen in Hinblick auf deren Erfolgsentwicklung untersucht. Zur Adressierung dieser Problemstellung wird unter Anwendung des systemdynamischen Ansatzes ein Simulationsmodell entwickelt, welches den Wertbeitrag einer Geschäftsmodellinnovation ausweist. Neben dem Kapitalwert als finanzielle Wertgröße des Geschäftsmodells werden ferner der Kundenwert sowie der Wert der unternehmerischen Fähigkeiten als wichtige Wertgrößen explizit gemacht, da sie die zukünftige Leistungs- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Geschäftsmodells determinieren. Damit liefert das Bewertungsmodell einen Ansatz zur ganzheitlichen Geschäftsmodellbewertung, die die Anwendung finanzieller Standardkalkulationen mit der Messbarmachung nicht-finanzieller Erfolgsgrößen kombiniert.:1 Einführung
2 Geschäftsmodelle und Geschäftsmodellbewertung
3 Entwicklungsprozess des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen
4 Aufbau des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen
5 Simulation des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen
6 SchlussbetrachtungBusiness model innovations provide powerful levers for creating sustainable competitive advantage and thus have a positive impact on the value of an enterprise. However, due to the complexity of business models, no practically applicable framework, evaluating an innovative business model with regard to its effect on a company’s success, has been established. Hence, a simulation model assessing the value contribution of a business model innovation is developed. Using the mathematical modeling technique ‘System Dynamics’ to frame the value drivers of a business allows for simulation experiments that reveal the effect of the business model’s design on its profitability, therewith guiding policymakers towards better decisions. As a result, the simulation model reports the net present value of a business model. In addition, the success indicators customer lifetime value and the value of the enterprises’ capabilities are identified as important assets that have to be monitored closely as they determine the company’s prospective performance. In combining financial standard calculations with the operationalization of non-financial measures, the simulation model represents a comprehensive approach for business model evaluation.:1 Einführung 2 Geschäftsmodelle und Geschäftsmodellbewertung 3 Entwicklungsprozess des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 4 Aufbau des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 5 Simulation des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 6 Schlussbetrachtung
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LAURETTA, ELIANA. "POLICY PROPOSAL ON THE FINANCE AND GROWTH RELATIONSHIP: UNDERSTANDING THE SWITCH FROM "VIRTUOUS" TO "BAD" CYCLES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3955.
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Studi condotti sulla crisi finanziaria del 2007-09 e la recessione economica hanno evidenziato l’inadeguatezza delle teorie predominanti e la loro inefficacia nel proporre adeguate soluzioni di policy. La presenza di moneta bancaria nell’economia e di un sistema finanziario caratterizzato da innovazione finanziaria e speculazione modificano profondamente la natura stessa del processo di credit creation. Una nuova prospettiva sulla relazione tra finanza e crescita economica necessita essere sviluppata cercando di colmare le lacune esistenti tra New Growth Theory e Evolutionary Theory, come J.A. Schumpeter (1934) e altri studiosi hanno evidenziato. I fattori strutturali sono alla base della persistente instabilita` finanziaria nell’economia. Questo studio tenta di spiegare l’ipotesi che sta alla base dell’intera analisi circa il passaggio avutosi nell'impianto strutturale dell'economia da un virtuous cycle ad un bad cycle, e dimostrare l’esistenza di cio` che definiamo wealth trap, la quale e` ipotizzata essere conseguenza di un sistema finanziario tecnologicamente avanzato, ma non socialmente avanzato. Un modello non lineare ad Agenti (AMB) chiamato BFSE (Based-line Financial System Economy) mostra , tramite la sperimentazione sul modello ICEACE(Erlingsson et al., 2011), evidenze sulla centralita` del sistema finanziario e dell’esistenza del bad cycle. Una discussione sulle macroprudential policies e le politiche strutturali e` introdotta.Studies of the 2007-09 credit crisis and the resulting recession have revealed the inadequacy of the predominant theoretical frameworks and their failure to propose adequate policy solutions. The presence in the economy of bank money and a financial system characterized by financial innovation and speculation changes the nature of credit creation. As J.A. Schumpeter (1934) and others scholars have recognized, a new perspective on the financial-growth relationship needs to be developed by filling the gaps in New Growth Theory and Evolutionary Theory - two Sons of Schumpeter - and in some way combining them. Structural factors are at the bottom of the persistence of the financial instability in the economy. The goal of this research is to explain the main hypothesis of the historical passage of the economy from a virtuous to a bad cycle and to show the existence of the wealth trap, which is a consequence of a high-technologically advanced financial system within the economic system. A non-linear ABM (Agent Based Model) called BFSE provides, through experimentation using ICEACE model (Erlingsson et al., 2011), interesting evidences of the centrality of the financial system and the bad cycle. Macroprudential and structural policies are introduced.
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Etges, Ana Paula Beck da Silva. "Análise do impacto corporativo de riscos a partir de um modelo de gestão de riscos orientado a ambientes inovadores." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127879.
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Empresas orientadas à inovação são submetidas a inúmeras incertezas e riscos. Porém, modelos de Gestão de Riscos que mensurem resultados econômicos e financeiros em ambientes inovadores ainda são escassos na literatura e no âmbito prático. Influenciada por esse contexto, esta dissertação propõe, testa e valida um modelo de Gestão de Riscos em processos de inovação que permite mensurar indicadores econômicos de impacto de riscos. A partir destes, discute-se o efeito dos riscos identificados a partir do processo de inovação na gestão corporativa da empresa. Para isso, estruturou-se a pesquisa em três etapas: (i) identificação dos principais eventos de risco inerentes ao ambiente inovativo, através de uma Revisão Sistemática da literatura, seguida de uma pesquisa empírica com empresas de Parques Tecnológicos brasileiros; (ii) proposição de modelo protótipo de Gestão de Riscos orientado a processos inovadores elaborado a partir das principais técnicas de análise e identificação de risco utilizadas em processos de inovação, identificadas através de Revisão Sistemática da literatura; e (iii) teste e validação do modelo protótipo em um ambiente real através da realização de um Estudo de Caso em uma empresa com estratégia inovadora instalada em um Parque Tecnológico brasileiro, permitindo a discussão do impacto corporativo dos riscos analisados a partir do processo de inovação. Entre as ferramentas que embasam o modelo, destaca-se o uso da análise probabilística de riscos, através da Simulação de Monte Carlo, relacionada ao custo do processo de inovação, calculado a partir do método ABC de custeio. Entre as principais contribuições acadêmicas deste trabalho tem-se: a sugestão de um indicador econômico, traduzido através do Value at Risk, para o processo de inovação em uma empresa, o que ainda é escasso na literatura; e a consolidação dos principais eventos de risco inerentes ao ambiente inovativo. No que diz respeito à contribuição ao meio prático, o modelo proposto indica ferramentas modulares e sequenciais para que empresários possam replicá-lo em diferentes situações.Companies with innovation-oriented strategy are subject to uncertainties and risks, which lack the management practices for the use of quantitative indicators and especially in currency format. In this sense, risk management models that measure economic and financial results in innovative environments are still scarce in the literature and the practical field. Influenced by this context, this work proposes, tests and validates a risk management model oriented to innovation processes that allows us to measure economic indicators of risk impact. From these, is discussed the effect that the risks identified from the innovation process refer to the corporate management of the company. To achieve this result, structured the analysis in three steps: (i) identification of major risk events that are tangent innovative environment through a systematic literature review, followed by a survey of Brazilian Technology Parks companies; (ii) search for the main techniques of analysis and identification of risk used in innovation processes, from a systematic literature review and prototype model proposition risk management oriented innovative processes; and (iii) testing and validation of the prototype model in a real environment with innovative strategy -company installed in a Brazilian-Technology Park, by conducting a Case Study, allowing discussion of the business impact that the risks analyzed from the process innovation refer. Among the tools that support the model, there is the use of probabilistic risk analysis through Monte Carlo simulation related to the cost of the innovation process, calculated from the implementation of Activity-based Costing method. Contributes academically by the suggestion of an economic indicator, translated through the Value at Risk, to the process of innovation in a company, which is still scarce in the literature. With regard to the contribution to the practical environment, the model indicates sequential modules and tools for businesses it can replicate in different environments.
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Attai, Leanne Maria. "Simulation to access exterior enclosure innovations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10106.
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Fiorentini, Davide. "Design of a Cartesian Robot for Agro-Food Applications." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Nella tesi si affronta il problema della progettazione di un sistema meccatronico fortemente automatizzato per applicazioni agricole. In particolare il progetto è rivolto alla costruzione di una macchina per l’attività di raccolta automatizzata di teste di broccoli disposte in filari presenti in campo coltivato.
Il fine dello studio, tramite l’applicazione su un vegetale specifico, è l’introduzione di tecnologie di uso ormai comune nel campo industriale in un settore tradizionalmente poco sensibile all’innovazione come quello agricolo. La progettazione deve quindi tenere conto di diverse problematiche di natura differente a quelle tipicamente industriali ed adoperare opportuni accorgimenti.
L’ideazione di un sistema essenzialmente completo e funzionale, con relativa simulazione di un tipico ciclo di lavoro, si presta successivamente ad ulteriori valutazioni non esclusivamente tecniche ma anche di tipo economico.
Dopo un’analisi generale dello scenario, si è trovato idoneo l’utilizzo di un robot cartesiano montato sopra una macchina agricola guidata da un operatore. Viene concretizzato il disegno ed il dimensionamento delle varie componenti meccaniche, compreso il manipolatore.
In seguito è creato un modello matematico del sistema fisico utile a simulare il funzionamento della macchina. Particolare attenzione è data al controllo del robot in quanto risultante essere la parte più critica del sistema. E’ inoltre fornito il controllo temporizzato delle varie azioni.
Infine si è effettuata una simulazione al calcolatore di un tipico ciclo di raccolta su una singola testa broccolo. Il vegetale, riconosciuto dalla macchina, viene raccolto secondo una sequenza di azioni sincronizzate tra loro e depositato in un punto specifico nel raggio di azione del robot. Sono inoltre forniti elementi sugli aspetti simulativi e sull’integrazione tra varie componenti del sistema complesso.
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Caliskan, Fethullah. "The Impact of Organizations' Collaboration Strategies and Alliance Network Positions on Invention Performance." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4874.
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This research investigates the impact of organizations' collaboration strategies and network positional variables on invention performance. Organizations, particularly those pursuing a differentiation strategy, are motivated to introduce novel products and services in order to remain competitive. Thus, two questions of interest to such organizations regarding the network dynamics of the invention process are: 1) What kind of strategies allow them to attain superior invention results? 2) What is the most advantageous structural positioning in a collaborative network of innovators? Three independent studies attempt to find answers to these questions by using three complementary study approaches.
In the first study, in order to examine invention performance of organizations with different collaboration strategies, a simulation model is constructed and run at various levels of technological dynamism and with various types of invention tasks. The cognitive cooperation strategy, which pursues technological knowledge integration as a priority, is found to be the most effective strategy in most experiments. Success-driven cooperators, whose priority is to collaborate with the most effective performers in the network, provided the most consistent invention performance. Moreover, different strategies are shown to perform best at certain points of the industry environment space spanned by technological dynamism and invention type.
The second study investigates the impact of positional metrics in a collaboration network on the inventive performance of organizations (as measured by the number of patents issued) by using survey data. Twenty-eight high-tech companies and universities located in Florida are surveyed to reveal their collaborative networking map. Network structural measures are obtained in order to test the hypotheses that high values in centrality metrics correspond with higher inventive performance. The regression analyses imply that degree and closeness centralities are predictive indicators of high inventive performance but the data does not support the significance of impact of local clustering.
The third study analyzes the impact of positional metrics on inventive performance by using a national database for the announced research and production joint ventures. From the most inventive organizations (in terms of patent counts) 63 of them are selected for analysis. 371 research and production joint ventures are analyzed to identify their relationship network every year from 1994 to 2012. The results indicate that the number of joint venture partners, being close to other members of the network through network connections and strong local connectivity (except for their interaction effect) is associated with higher invention performance.
All three studies bring new methodological contributions to the area of invention network research. The simulation study offers a new model in the area of collaborative invention networks. Furthermore, the ideas and practices developed during the construction of the agent based simulation model for the invention network can be adapted to similar areas of application. The survey study offers a holistic approach for the definition of connections in the development of invention network map and empirically tests it. The database study longitudinally analyzes the evolution of a highly accurate joint venture network over 19-year period while testing the impact of positional metrics with un-weighted and weighted calculation methods.
Solutions to our health problems, communication or transportation needs etc. are not usually found due to some series of fortunate events. They are the product of an effective recombination process of technological knowledge. Moreover, effective invention performance is not only important for organizations individually, it is crucial for governments that are concerned with the problems of its citizens. Effective ways of facilitating the recombination of technological knowledge are addressed and presented to inform both companies and policy makers. Better understanding of the dynamics of the invention process will bring more solutions to existing problems.
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Ansah, Yaw Boamah. "Enhancing Profitability of Pond Aquaculture in Ghana through Resource Management and Environmental Best Management Practices." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51122.
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The accelerating pace of growth of aquaculture in sub-Saharan Africa has received much positive appraisal because of the potential of the industry to contribute to economic development and food security by providing jobs and animal protein. Adoption of best management practices (BMPs) holds the potential to ameliorate the related environmental impacts of aquaculture, such as in the amounts of nutrients and sediment that will enter natural water bodies from earthen pond effluents. The goals of this study were to characterize adoption of aquaculture BMPs on small-scale, pond-based farms in Ghana, and to assess selected economic, social, and environmental outcomes of BMP adoption. Two BMPs: 1) water reuse, and 2) commercial floating feeds, were investigated for adoption by pond-based fish farmers in Ghana. I conducted my study in Ghana using on-farm experiments involving intensive monitoring of water quality and growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) over two production cycles. Additionally, I administered a baseline survey to 393 (and a follow-up survey to 160) fish farmers. I determined the best model for modelling farmed Nile tilapia growth with multi-model inference based on Akaike information criterion (AIC), the profitability of adopting BMPs with stochastic enterprise budgets and, social welfare impact with the Economic-Surplus model. I used a Markov model to predict the equilibrium rate of adoption of the two BMPs and determined the impact of BMP adoption on the reduction of pollutant loading with the Minimum-Data method of the Tradeoffs Analysis (TOA-MD).
My results showed that the logistic model is a better alternative to the von Bertalanffy model for modelling the growth of Oreochromis niloticus under pond aquaculture conditions. There were no significant differences in fish weight between the water re-use BMP and the use of new water. Adoption of the commercial floating feed BMP resulted in a 100% increase in fish final weight and yield, and in higher profitability, compared to the sinking feed type. Probability of making a profit was highest (72%) in the scenario with commercial feed and self-financing. Net present values (NPV) of about US$ 11 million and US$ 375 million could be obtained from the adoption of commercial floating feed and Genetically-Improved Farm Tilapia (GIFT) strain, respectively, in Ghana. Hence, any innovation that has a significant impact on fish yield also will have a significant impact on mean NPV and social welfare. However, I identified a number of potential negative ecological and genetic impacts exist from introducing the GIFT strain into Africa from Asia. Although considered low-intensity production systems, nutrients and solids in study ponds were found to be higher than levels expected in intensive culture ponds by wide margins. Pond water quality was significantly higher with commercial floating feed. The water-reuse BMP also prevented pollutants from leaving ponds altogether for the number of cycles for which pond water was reused, especially if associated BMPs such as rainfall capture and avoidance of water exchange are observed. Significant reductions in the loading of all water quality variables (nitrogen, phosphorus, solids, and BOD5) could be achieved with the adoption of the recommended feed type in Ghana. Adoption of the water reuse BMP has the potential to cause pollution reductions of 200% - 3,200% above that from the floating feed BMP. The strongest influence on the combined adoption of these BMPs were from : farmer's awareness of the feed BMP, perceived necessity and relative profitability of the water reuse BMP, and farmer's years of experience. A combination of central media (workshops), demonstrations, and lateral diffusion was found to be the most effective channel for disseminating these BMPs. Maximum adoption rate of the feed BMPs was estimated to be 38% - 58%. Also, US$ 6,000/year and US$12,000/year need to be paid per 0.6 ha pond surface area to push adoption of the feed BMP to 50% and 70%, respectively.
Hence, to ensure the successful adoption of aquaculture BMPs, I recommend that regular well-planned workshops be organized to create awareness and a conducive atmosphere to target farmers at multiple stages of the innovation decision process. Incentives and effective dissemination will encourage the adoption of these and other environmental BMPs. Feed costs need to be lowered in order to encourage the adoption of commercial floating feed in Ghana. Future analyses could quantify the differences in production costs between using the two water types, to reveal the possible higher relative profitability of pond water reuse over draining ponds after each production cycle. Also, African governments are advised to commission rigorous baseline and ecological risk analyses before adoption of the GIFT strain. Improvements in management practices and infrastructure could increase the yield and profitability of the local strains even if genetically-improved strains are not introduced.Ph. D.
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Panarotto, Massimo. "Capturing Value in Conceptual PSS Design : Perspectives from the Automotive Supply Chain." Licentiate thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00563.
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Manufacturing companies have traditionally focused their design and development activities on realizing technical and engineered aspects of physical artifacts based on performance requirements. The ever-changing business climate, with its increased pace during the past decades, has forced industries to continuously innovate their approach toward the development of new products. Pressured also by global competition, manufacturing companies need to reconsider the traditional concept of realizing value via goods production, and shift towards realizing value through product-service combinations. Companies have begun to recognize that gaining competitive advantage and expanding market shares is not achievable purely through continuous technical improvements. Rather, it is necessary to develop a closer relationship to the customer to gain a deeper understanding of expectations, needs, and perceived value. From a development perspective, the overarching problem within complex systems such as those in which cars, aircraft, and excavators are manufactured, or healthcare is provided, is that the focus on customer value is likely to become blurred since it is difficult to understand the impact a change in any single component in the overall system has on value, and to determine a new function’s impact on future scenarios. The main goals of this thesis are to provide an understanding of key challenges when considering the value different design alternatives provide in the conceptual phases of product development taking the automotive industry as case study, and to explore how to support a multi-disciplinary design team in making value-conscious decisions when dealing with new product-service offerings. The research approach has involved data collection through participation in, and facilitation of, product-service design workshops in the automotive industry. Also, it has involved follow-up meetings and interviews, as well as a review of literature on state-of-the-art methods in early conceptual design phases, which describes the advantages and disadvantages of the different frameworks. The primary finding of the study is that determination of the impact of different PSS design options on customer value becomes more challenging since new elements are introduced (e.g., new business models and services). The design team requires more holistic competences in order to more fully understand changing contexts; and new methods and tools are needed in order to establish a base to define, discuss and assess what “uncontested customer value” is, and link it to the different product-service elements of the system. Secondly, this thesis proposes a conceptual approach for value simulation and assessment of different design options, where the iterative use of personas and scenario generation is combined with value modeling and computer-based simulation techniques, enabling a quick “what-if” analysis of the various options, facilitating the identification of promising combinations of product and service elements that provide higher customer value.
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Murray, John William 1972. "Simulation to assess plumbing and fire protection innovations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79988.
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Gentry, Retha D., Lisa Ousley, and Candice Short. "Innovative Dermatology Tools for Use in Simulation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8373.
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Carr, Michael Nicholas 1973. "Simulation to assess cast-in-place concrete construction innovations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50451.
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Liu, Zhen. "Multiphysics Simulation and Innovative Characterization of Freezing Soils." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1350331910.
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Nightingale, Paul. "Knowledge and technical change : computer simulations and the changing innovation process." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388970.
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Jourdana, Clément. "Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of innovative electronic nanostructures." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30200.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation et la simulation de dispositifs nanoélectroniques innovants. Premièrement, nous dérivons formellement un modèle avec masse effective pour décrire le transport quantique des électrons dans des nanostructures très fortement confinées. Des simulations numériques illustrent l'intérêt du modèle obtenu pour un dispositif simplifié mais déjà significatif. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude du transport non ballistique dans ces mêmes structures confinées. Nous analysons rigoureusement un modèle de drift-diffusion et puis nous décrivons et implémentons une approche de couplage spatial classique-quantique. Enfin, nous modélisons et simulons un nanodispositif de spintronique. Plus précisement, nous étudions le renversement d'aimantation dans un matériau ferromagnétique multi-couches sous l'effet d'un courant de spinIn this PhD thesis, we are interested in the modeling and the simulation of innovative electronic nanodevices. First, we formally derive an effective mass model describing the quantum motion of electrons in ultra-scaled confined nanostructures. Numerical simulations aim at testing the relevance of the obtained model for a simplified (but already significant) device. The second part is devoted to non-ballistic transport in these confined nanostructures. We rigorously analyse a drift-diffusion model and afterwards we describe and implement a classical-quantum spatial coupling approach. In the last part, we model and simulate a spintronic nanodevice. More precisely, we study the magnetization switching of a ferromagnetic material driven by a spin-current
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Motawa, Ibrahim Ahmed. "Simulating the implementation of technological innovations in construction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33623.
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Introducing new technologies or innovative processes can enhance construction efficiency and enable organisations to achieve objectives of lowering costs, continuous improvement and competitive advantage. New ideas have to show significant benefits before they are accepted. Despite of the differences between the construction and manufacturing industries, opportunities are still available to leam from manufacturing approaches to innovation. A fundamental challenge facing construction innovation is the way that construction organisations plan and control the implementation of innovation where many projects do not fulfil their time and cost objectives. Management should not only improve techniques for planning and scheduling but also allow managers to assess and simulate the anticipated performance resulting from innovation. According to this assessment, managers would be more able and perhaps more ready to accept new processes/products or iterate the implementation process until a satisfactory level of performance has been achieved. Intangible benefits offered by advanced construction technologies are hard to quantify using traditional economic analysis techniques. This could result in the rejection of a potentially profitable idea. Benefits to be gained from improvements in operational efficiency are measured by cost and time-savings and increasing productivity. These benefits, in addition to intangible benefits, need to be measured and quantified. Simulating the implementation process of innovation has not been addressed, although many models have been developed to describe the innovation process in construction which considered implementation as a sequential process incorporating iterations.
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Leay, Laura. "Innovative gas separations for carbon capture : a molecular simulation study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/innovative-gas-separations-for-carbon-capture-a-molecular-simulation-study(c6a10ed1-136c-4d2d-a3fd-6a1284b98dda).html.
Full textAbstract:
Adverse changes in the Earth's climate are thought to be due to the output of carbon dioxide from power stations. This has led to the development of many new materials to remove CO2 from these gas streams. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are a novel class of polymers that are rigid with sites of contortion. These properties result in inefficient packing and so lead to large pore volumes and high surface areas. The inclusion of Tröger’s base, a contortion site made up of two nitrogen atoms, is thought to lead to increased uptake of CO2. The combination of electrostatic interactions with strong van der Waals forces should interact favourable with the quadrupole moment of CO2.Here a molecular simulation study of a selection of these polymers is presented. The study begins by developing a quick screening method on single polymer chains. This shows that the high surface area and adsorption affinity are a result of the contorted nature of PIMs along with the inclusion of groups such as Tröger’s base.The creation of atomistic models that reproduce the space packing ability of these polymers is also explored. Methods developed for PIMs in literature are investigated along with a new method developed during this study. GCMC simulations are then used to investigate the adsorption of CO2. In this study it is seen that that these polymers possess a well percolated network of both ultramicropores and supermicropores with a significant fraction of these pores being close to the kinetic diameter of CO 2. It is posited that these pores may be the result of the inclusion of Tröger’s base. It is also shown that this produces a particularly favourable site for adsorption. The phenomenon of swelling as a result of CO2 adsorption is also investigated using a variety of methods that make use of the output from the GCMC simulations. It was found that swelling is negligible for pressures of up to 1 bar. This result is important as swelling in the polymer can lead to a reduction in selectivity and an increase in permeability, which can affect the overall material’s performance.
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Zhang, Yu. "Finite element simulation of innovative manufacturing processes for tube fittings." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27613.
Full textAbstract:
Tube fittings are widely used in the pressure vessel industry. Current research on tube fittings serves to determine means of decreasing the cost and increasing the efficiency of their manufacture. With this motivation, several new tube forming processes have been proposed in recent years. The current study focuses on the finite element simulation of two new manufacturing processes for tube fittings; i.e. hydroforming and tube push-bending.
For tube hydroforming, used to produce T and Y joints, there is a working range defined by the combination of internal pressure and axial load. To ensure that a satisfactory product is obtained, it is essential that the loading path be inside the working range. The working range for several tube hydroforming models are predicted, and the results are validated with existing theoretical and experimental values.
The new tube push bending process has the advantage that tube bends with a small bending radius can be produced. In this study, finite element simulations are carried out to demonstrate this advantage. The spring-back and material waste factors are determined through simulation, as well as the maximum axial load. The results obtained are validated against existing theoretical and experimental values.
The study ends with some conclusions about the suitability of finite element simulations in tube forming processes, and with some suggestions for further research.
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Kunzelmann, Matthias. "Zwischen Limit und market orders : innovative Ordertypen im elektronischen Wertpapierhandel /." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2006/165/.
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