Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Innovations institutionnelles et politiques'
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Nakara, Walid. "Gouvernance et innovation : le rôle des acteurs et des mécanismes de gouvernance dans les politiques d'investissement en R&D." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10010.
Full textThe overwhelming complexity of systems of production and distribution, the increasing uncertainty and market dynamics lead firms to innovate in order to maintain and develop their competitive advantage. Meanwhile, national and international thinking on corporate governance now force an imperative of good conduct on economic actors (managers, investors, banks. . . ) through mechanisms of coordination and control. In this prospect, our thesis examines the links between innovation strategy (measured primarily through investment in R&D) and corporate governance. Specifically, it involves examining how governance structures affect the level of investment in R&D, in the case of large French listed companies. The results show significant associations between the intensity of investment in R&D and certain characteristics of CEOs and board of directors. We provide answers and lessons beneficial to both theory and pratice of corporate governance and R&D policy
Erhel, Christine. "Les politiques de l'emploi en Europe : recherches institutionnelles et comparatives." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00272030.
Full textUne première section concerne les méthodologies d'évaluation des politiques de l'emploi micro et macroéconomiques, et rappelle leurs principales limites.
Une deuxième partie propose une analyse des modèles nationaux et de leur dynamique, dans une perspective institutionnaliste, à partir de la notion de régime d'emploi et de politique de l'emploi. Celle-ci fait l'objet d'applications empiriques aux cas de la France et de la Suède, de la France et du Royaume-Uni, du temps de travail, et enfin des politiques de l'emploi ciblées sur les seniors. La troisième section analyse la relation entre l'évolution des politiques de l'emploi et l'histoire des théories du chômage depuis Keynes. La quatrième section s'intéresse à la coordination européenne des politiques de l'emploi, et plus particulièrement à la mise en œuvre de la stratégie européenne pour l'emploi et des méthodes ouvertes de coordination.
Mouketou, Jean Aimé. "Politiques institutionnelles et organisation des territoires productifs du cacao et du café : essai /." Paris : Mare & Martin, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41002341h.
Full textBrouksy, Lahcen. "Essai sur l'aménagement du territoire au Maroc et ses implications institutionnelles et politiques." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO33003.
Full textThis thesis involves a technical and institutional approach to the problematic national and regional development in morocco, in taking the region as the basis and setting, as the privileged place in the economic programme planning and in the participation of men in making their destiny. After analysing the path of national and regional development in morocco, this thesis laid down the problems involved in the fitting of structures to the geo-human organization of the national area, and proposed new options focussed on the national and regional objectives
Mouketou, Jean-Aimé. "Politiques institutionnelles et organisation des territoires productifs : cas du cacao et du café." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070057.
Full textThis work of thesis shows how the cocoa and the coffee, two perennial plants of exotic origin in Africa, became an essentiel stake of the international trade because of importance of the world request. These plants are the base of an economy which mobilizes not only the infrastructures and the farming communities of the producing States, but also of many powerful multinationals, the research centers of very high level, and, more and more with the universalization of the economy and the globalisation of the exchanges, the Economy and Financial organizations international as well as the professional organizations which intervene at various levels in the production and marketing. This thesis also makes it possible to fill a lack. It plans to studv for the first time the specifie case of a Gabonese institution, the Case of Stabilization and Equalization in charge of the management of the die cocoa and coffee. Its activity had up to now been presented only under the prism of the poticy, through reports/ratios of the Gabonese government by the ministries of supervision of this institution : the ministry for Agriculture, the Breeding and the Rural Development, the ministrv for Finances, the Economy and rivatizations, the ministrv for the Planning and the Regional planning. My approach in this research is different : it aims at showing which role plays today and can play in the future, the Case of Stabilisation and Equaiization of the cocoa and the coffee in the context of the upheavals brought to the production and the trade of the matters agricultural first by the international politics of liberalization related to the phenomenon of universalization
Edouard, Serge. "Progrès technologique et changement institutionnel : de l'institutionnalisation de l'innovation technologique à la co-évolution techno-institutionnelle." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100001.
Full textOltra, Vanessa. "Politiques technologiques et dynamique industrielle." Strasbourg 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR1EC08.
Full textThis thesis presents a contribution to the economics of innovation and technology policy. The purpose is to propose a dynamic and differentiated analysis of technology policy in an evolutionary framework. The main argument is that the fundamental function of technology policy is to increase the dynamic efficiency of industrial structures, while minimizing the static inefficiencies which are created by the innovation process. The appropriate intervention mechanisms to reach this objective depend on the properties of technology and industry. The concept of schumpeterian technological regime is used in order to differentiate between industrial sectors according to the characteristics of knowledge base and innovation. A micro-simulation model is set out so as to study the industrial dynamics of each technological regime. The originality of this model is to propose a comprehensive description of schumpeterian technological regimes and a representation of technological change which is based on a function of knowledge accumulation. Finally, technology policies are introduced into the model. I propose an original way of modelling patents, r&d subsidy and technology transfer policy. The impact on industrial dynamics of each technology policy is depicted by means of simulations
Ville, Isabelle. "LE HANDICAP COMME " EPREUVE DE SOI ". POLITIQUES SOCIALES, PRATIQUES INSTITUTIONNELLES ET EXPERIENCE." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485504.
Full textLayer, Fabrice. "Les critères budgétaires de convergence : facteurs d'évolutions politiques et institutionnelles de l'Union européenne ?" Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3004.
Full textMarcato, Riccardo. "L'insertion des jeunes en France et en Italie : politiques d'activation, stratégies institutionnelles et dynamiques professionnelles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV090/document.
Full textIn Europe the subsidiarisation process of social policies and employment strategy impacts the local networks of actors linked to the development of new active policies. Its consequences are managed daily by professionals working with citizens. They explain to users fractures of a welfare state in transition - from a socialization of collective risks to an individual responsibility of protection- and they give meaning to the institutional boundaries , geographical and social , built between active political devices.The research question of this thesis is to show how the European model of active employment policy structure practices and operations of new premises of welfare systems. To answer it discusses the strategies of actors face the contradictions caused by the rhetorical dimension of the new active welfare and the practical dimension of the crisis of funding. It is therefore addressing the issue of flexibilities of street level bureaucrats to deal with change and make sense of often remote European directives intervention courses and characteristics of target audiences.At the theoretical level, the objective of this research is to propose a conceptual framework to explaining the process of subsidiarisation and activation of the welfare state from its effects. Our working hypothesis leads us to explore a correlation between active employment policies and : 1. the territorial fragmentation of institutions and stakeholder networks ; 2. the specialization of public employment services; 3. the new instruments of contracts ; 4. professionalization and casualization of stakeholders.Using a comparative research in France and Italy, we offer an analysis of professional strategies involved in social integration policies for young people. About youth policy, they show the components of the local systems of welfare (Loncle, 2011) and draw welfare conditions for the new generations. In addition, since the implementation of the European Employment Strategy in 1997 and the European Youth Pact in 2005, they indicate the transition arrangements to adulthood and define the criteria of employability in the market European employment. We prefer the specific method thumbnails (Barter and Renold, 2000; Finch, 1987; Hughes and Huby, 2002) to show the scenes and actors strategies in the activation process. We complet these survey materials with semi-structured interviews and participant observation to examine different levels of actors, institutions and professionals related to the restructuring of the local welfare
Mévellec, Anne. "La construction politique des agglomérations : logiques politiques et dynamiques institutionnelles : une comparaison franco-québécoise." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1G007.
Full textThis research deal with the political creation of urban areas. Based on Quebec's experiences of forced municipal mergers generated by the Harel reform and on the French urban communities created by the Chevènement law, the author examines the way local political systems adopt transformation processes set off at a national level. Theses cases of form-fitting an urban territory in a formal legal setting are achieved though the notion of agglomeration. Two objectives are pursued : understanding how urban systems, already in function, react to the constraint of these imposed structures. Secondly, the process of institutional transformation reveals the bonds that tie politics, public action and territory together. The author favoured three perspectives in studying these periods of institutional change : the institutionalisation of the agglomeration's teritory, the role of elected officials and the different forms of justification of the new institution
Chacon-Avila, Luis. "Analyse d'innovations pédagogiques et institutionnelles pour adolescents en difficulté scolaire." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081243.
Full textOur problematical concerns youths in scholastic difficulty. In this senses, we have been interested in initiatives of struggle against the scholastic failure plugs by teachers them same. For this reason, we have wanted to know causes and proposed institutional remedies and in order that a detour by the history of the education was necessary. Furthermore, we have wondered the functioning of school and scholastic inequality causes. All along our research, our questioning has carried especially on differences of success of the various group social. Our objective was to seek in the historical evolution explanatory elements of phenomena that lives today school : the failure, the selection, the exclusion. These questions are linked to our problematical and our research shows that despite the different measure plugs all along the evolution of school having as goal the democratic functioning of the system, the exclusion is always present. Many research on the scholastic failure have been realized by taking into account a certain number of factors to majority of external sociological type to the scholastic establishment. Our work places inside the system to show that among factors of failure concerning these the affect have a particular importance for some youths in scholastic rupture. The plug in account of affective factors in the struggle against the failure allows, some disturbed youths, to have envy to learn, to recuperate the capacity to learn and to appropriate their apprenticeship. An other aspect of our work shows that difficulties to put in place a pedagogical innovation, such that the "module specifique de formation au second cycle", are linked to ideological position plugs of actors. We put in obviousness first the sum of difficulties to conquer to lead to well an innovation. Even if all actors of the educative act are agreement to participate in the struggle against difficulties, even if their declarations concerning the scholastic failure allow to imagine a realization of the magnitude of the problem, it results some that all proposal from action, mainly those concerning the affect, has to conquer enormously resistance, emanating, paradoxically, those and these that declare concerned by the problem
Feutry, David. "Plumes de fer et robes de papier. Logiques institutionnelles et pratiques politiques du parlement de Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040192.
Full textThe fight between the crown and the Parlement of Paris has been seen as the origins of the French Revolution. The Parlement was guilty of trying to usurp the power of the King. In fact, the comprehension of the XVIIIth Century is more problematic because the Parlement of Paris had never been the executioner of the monarchy. The judges had tried to help the King in the making of the laws. The institutional study of the mechanisms of the Parlement, the analysis of the fees of the judges and of the theoretical justifications of the Parlement show the real place of the court in the evolution of the century
Buclet, Nicolas. "Politiques d'environnement, trajectoires institutionnelles et contraintes de coordination internationale : la gestion des déchets d'emballages ménagers en europe." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070109.
Full textThe building of a common policy of packaging waste management has to take into account the existence of present irreductible uncertainties. These uncertainties hinder a precise vision of advantages and disadvantages of possible solutions. An efficient management system cannot be settled by determining an optimal technical and organisational solution. The question becomes more convincing through a search of efficiency by coordination. What is important is the set of mechanisms allowing actors to coordinate themselves throughout time. The process which leads to the building of explicit or implicit rules, is essential. We show that the efficiency, in order to concile with the viability of a management system throughout time, requires a coordination framework endowed with stability. A stable system has the characteristic to evolve throughout time while the framework of reference for the actors is not disturbed by the introduction of new elements. The actors can continue to act whit a bettview of what will imply their own action, in particular concerning the other actors with whom they try to coordinate and who are going to give interpretation to their action. Even if it does not allow to reduce radical uncertainties, every actor acts in situation of reduced uncertainty regarding the actions in conformity with a coordination framework and follows the efficiency within it. We elabor an explaining model on the conditions which allow a regulator to elaborate a system of rules endowed with stability. This model helps us to show, through the example of the "packaging" european directive , the limits of regulation process within the eu. The upholding of a logic close to international negotiations, limits the possibilities that a regulator settles a system of rules coherent with the announced objectives. A first track is launched on the introduction of founding principles of a european "regime" which would allow the actors, by being in a logic of respect of national institutional trajectories - important condition for the stability of a system - to tackle the question of organisational and technical choices from stable references
Herrera, Ríos William. "S'emparer des "absents" : la construction du Secrétariat national du migrant de l’Equateur (2007-2013) entre compétitions politiques, concurrences bureaucratiques et fragilités d’une innovation institutionnelle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D082.
Full textThis PhD dissertation explores the gestation and the fate of the National Secretariat for Migrants of Ecuador (Senami) – a state institution designed to manage emigration and to promote the ties between the Ecuadorian State and its nationals abroad. Particular attention will be given to the activities such institution conducts towards these ends. When President Rafael Correa creates the Senami in March 2007, the aim was to build a "transnational" institution that would be capable of reaching out to the expatriates or the "the forgotten ones of the homeland" -in the words of the actors involved, and that would be able to bring them "back home" and integrate them into the political project of the Citizens' Revolution (or Revolución Ciudadana) led by Correa. Yet, only six years after its creation, the Senami disappears: a new decree is issued in June 2013 by one of its main advocates: Rafael Correa. This dissertation explores the Senami institutional construction process and the efforts to install it sustainably within the state apparatus. We will thus pay close attention to the political struggles in Ecuador around the issue of establishing ties with those abroad as well as the bureaucratic rivalries in which the definition of the stakes at play in the emigration phenomenon and the elaboration of an adequate policy are negotiated, and in which the fate of the new-born institution designed for the expatriates is decided
Bolivar, Espinoza Augusto. "Un instrument d'analyse des réformes de l'Etat : les politiques institutionnelles de contrôle : l'exemple mexicain (1982-1997)." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010268.
Full textFerrer, Gutierro Maria Isabel. "La problématique du conseil en management aux PME : une approche européenne des pratiques d'intervention et des politiques institutionnelles." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1A014.
Full textMijiyawa, Abdoul' Ganiou. "Institutions et développement : analyse des effets macroéconomiques des institutions et de réformes institutionnelles dans les pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/48/49/05/PDF/These_Abdoul_MIJIYAWA.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation is a contribution to the economic analysis of institutions. In the recent years, many studies have showed that weak institutions in developing countries are one of the deep causes of their poor economic performances. While the need of institutional reforms in developing countries seems to raise consensus, the literature rarely takes into account the costs related to the improvement in the quality of institutions. In addition, improving the quality of institutions may induce costs in the short run whereas benefits will show themselves in the long run. The lag between the costs and benefits of better institutional quality may thus reduce developing countries’ incentives to reform their institutions. Moreover, the literature tackles few, the question of factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. This dissertation attempts to provide clarifications on these points and has two main objectives. The first bjective is to analyse the rationale of the choice of a strategy of economic development based on institutional reform in developing countries. In other words, in spite of the delay in the positive effect of institutional quality improvement, the dissertation seeks to know whether it is economically justified to reform institutions in developing countries. The second objective is to analyse factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. The main results of empirical analyses using data covering the period 1960-2005 confirm that, it is better for developing countries to choose a strategy of economic development based on the reform of their institutions. Likewise, this dissertation shows that an effective combination of internal factors -the existence in developing countries of effective institutions of constraints on the executive- and external factors -FDI inflows in developing countries- are likely to facilitate the reform of private property rights institutions in developing countries. Indeed, our empirical analyses show that: (1) An improvement in the quality of democratic institutions, property rights institutions and regulatory institutions in particular, are favourable to economic growth sustainability in developing countries. (2) The improvement in the quality of institutions induces costs in the short run and benefits in the long run, however, the long run benefits might outweigh the short run costs. We highlight this result through a comparison of the short and the long run effects of democratic institutions on economic growth in developing countries. (3) The probability of reforming private property rights institutions increases with FDI inflows in developing countries endowed with effective institutions of constraints on the executive
Charest, Jean. "Restructuration économique, transformations des relations industrielles et innovations institutionnelles, configuration, émergence et impacts des initiatives sectorielles dans les contextes canadien et québécois." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0028/NQ36248.pdf.
Full textRicatto, Bruno. "Dimensions institutionnelles de la documentation pedagogique : communication et interactions dans le systeme educatif." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE2017.
Full textMontigny, Eric. "Contraintes institutionnelles, leadership et sélection des objectifs partisans au sein des partis politiques: les cas du parti Québécois et du labour britannique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26898/26898.pdf.
Full textMontigny, Éric. "Contraintes institutionnelles, leadership et sélection des objectifs partisans au sein des partis politiques : les cas du Parti québécois et du Labour britannique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22318.
Full textLee, Chong Wha. "Politiques industrielles et commerciales en concurrence imparfaite et leurs implications pour la croissance à long terme." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010019.
Full textNew international trade theories often suggest that protection is better than free trade. This suggestion is valid only if their trade partners do not react at all, which is hardly true in the real world. In this respect, we analyse interactions of trade policies within the framework of international technology transfer following the influential work of rivera-batiz and romer (1991). We have found the following analytical results : a) long run growth rate for a nation is correlated negatively with trade partner's protection ; b) it does positively with the factor dotation of trade partner; c) export subsidies boost up the growth rate ; d) in the case trade war, big country is more likely to win ; e)on the contrary, when it comes to bilateral tariff reduction, small country gains much more in terms of the growth rate
Timera, Aly Sada. "Les politiques urbaines face à l’habitat précaire à Dakar : Géohistoire des mobilités résidentielles, normes institutionnelles et pratiques populaires de l’espace." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC157.
Full textThe configuration and functioning of Dakar area are marked by a permanent confrontation between the "institutional norms" and the popular modes of production and consumption of the urban space.The main objective of this work is to analyze the way in which the urban space of Dakar is being developed and built, and more especially the modes of production of residential spaces and how they are shaped by contradictory logics and differentiated actors strategies. The geo-history of urban construction in Dakar, which has served us as a framework, shows that the construction of the Senegalese capital is part of a constant struggle between actors for the appropriation of spatio-territorial resources. These latter are marked by the rejection and the progressive exclusion of social groups that have economically been fragile and whose residential ascendancies, which have often been violently liberated, have been reallocated to social actors with higher incomes.In front of this segregationist policy, a rigorous resistance of the popular social groups is developed and has finally imposed its forms and modalities of spatial consumption becoming dominant so as to produce an urbanity characteristic of a city-specific physiognomic identity.The state has developed, a politico - administrative recovery strategy has been expressed on political plan through the deepening of decentralization with the creation of borough communes covering the era of irregular zones, institutionalized in full - Act III of decentralization.The redeployment of the State is also reflected in the dynamics of making new-territories that it generates with the operations of Restructuring and land Regularization in particular. It is a technical-urbanistic control company which aims a physical and socio-economic integration of the irregular districts to the "legal city".Indeed, the imperative of politico-administrative control (decentralization / devolution) and the technical-urbanist harmonization (land restructuring / regularization) of the city are part of a wider field which aims at expanding the market and consolidating it.It thus appears that by claiming to fight against the territorial exclusions and inequalities, the RRF projects reproduce them in a renewed form, as a field of preparation for the expansion of the market in the informality territories
Diompy, Abraham Hervé. "Le paradoxe de l'internationalisation du droit constitutionnel en Afrique : réflexions sur les interactions normatives, institutionnelles et politiques dans l'espace CEDEAO." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0003/document.
Full textIt is difficult to deny that something has happened to constitutional lawunder the combined effect of the internationalization of law and the construction of thecommunity. Indeed, constitutional law is internationalized, regionalized in an exponentialmovement. Africa in general and the ECOWAS area in particular do not escape the globaldynamics of modern constitutionalism. Thus, it has been observed that theinternationalization of constitutional law on the African continent, which takes the form of aprocess of impact, influence or sometimes constraints, leads both to a horizontalreconfiguration of constitutional and a vertical redistribution of power within the state. Onthe other hand, at the supranational level, this dynamic and intense process, which marks anopening up of legal systems and promotes communication between legal orders, is reflectedin a phenomenon of integration and progressive harmonization of the state's constitutionalsystems around democratic standards The ECOWAS Protocol on Democracy and GoodGovernance of 2001. The dialectic is, in the end, paradoxical in that the internationalizationof constitutional law in Africa and more particularly in the ECOWAS area proves to be aphenomenon Disrupting the constitutional legal systems of the state and the community,and at the same time an instrument of material (fundamental) and structural (democraticpolitical rule, rule of law) convergence of these orders through standards which constitutethe common constitutional heritage
Younes, Bouacida Rédha. "Politiques scientifiques et techniques et aides à l'innovation des PME algériennes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32042.
Full textThe literature which carries on the problematic of innovation and the competitivity is no much present in the developping economies, so even it’s admitted today that the rise in power of the scientific and technical systems in some emerged economies such as south corea and Taiwan, has allowed to put in place technological capacities, and pass from under-development to development. Algeria presents an interesting example, at the same time near and not wellknown. This thesis proposes to explore the working of the scientific and technical system in Algeria, the relations between the scientific and technical activities and the economical performances, and present an analysis of relations between technological activities, innovtion and growth in the algerian SME. The thesis is structured on two parts of theorical and empirical range. In the first part, we have examined the place of the SME in the production and the technical change. We could first discover the sector of small and medium enterprise, after this, the role of these enterprises in the economical growth in Algeria. We will see that the algerian SME don’t play yet their role in the creation of jobs and in the activity. Then, we have done an analysis on the SME and the activities of innovation mostly on the factors which favour these activities, such as the network of innovation, the near and funding. In the second part, we will do an analysis of the growth and innovation in the algerian SME. We will discover the modernisation of the SME and its impact on the growth. This demonstration is leaded mostly to show the action of the algerian authorities in the domain of science, technology, and innovation. We have noticed that the difficulties of Algeria to develop the scientific and technical activities, and encourage the activities of research and innovation in enterprises. Then, we will present the results of an empirical study of innovation in the algerian SME. This survey is based on an a sample of 100 enterprises, using EVIEWS software. The economical results have in particular shown that the algerian SME are caracterized by a weak capacities of innovation and the absence of a system of support for innovation. In short, this research shows the necessity for Algeria to make more efforts in R-D, and gives aids in addition to incite the SME to innovate
Guillaumet, Anne. "La place de la nature dans la société tunisienne post-révolution entre politiques de protection et exploitation touristique : Représentations, approches institutionnelles et pratiques sociales." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG1196.
Full textIn Tunisia, in the aftermath of the 2011 Revolution, many protected natural areas such as national and urban parks were severely degraded and vandalized. In parallel, in 2014, nature became a constitutional right and at the same time in the tourism sector, touristic offers more attuned to natural areas emerged. What do these contradictory behaviours tell us about Mankind/Nature relations in post-revolution Tunisian society? Our research focuses on the analysis of the social representations of nature, in particular "iconic" images, old and new, of nature (Part 1), the ambitions of public policies in terms of environmental protection that have followed one another since Independence, the environmental themes promoted by the actors of the post- revolution public debate (political, associative, media) (Part 2), as well as recent trends in Tunisian tourism and the new outdoor activities of the Tunisian people (Part 3)
En Túnez, después de la Révolution de 2011, muchas áreas de naturaleza protegida como los parques nacionales y los parques urbanos enfrentan graves degradaciones y actos de vandalismo. En paralelo, en 2014, la naturaleza se vuelve un derecho constitucional, y al mismo tiempo, en el sector del turismo, se nota la aparición de una oferta turística más cerca de los espacios naturales. ¿ Que nos enseñan estos comportamientos tan contradictorios de las relaciones entre humano/naturaleza en la sociedad tunecina post-revolución ? Es a través del estudio de las representaciones sociales que nuestra investigación se centra, prestando más interés, a las imágenes « icónicas », antiguas y recientes, de la naturaleza (parte 1), a las ambiciones de las políticas públicas en el sector de la protección del medio ambiente que se produjeron desde la independencia, a las temáticas ambientales apoyadas por los actores del debate público post-revolución (político, asociativo, prensa) (parte 2), así como las recientes tendencias del turismo tunecino y las nuevas prácticas en plena naturaleza de los tunecinos (parte 3)
Mattei, Catherine. "Politiques de lutte contre l’exclusion et construction de l’employabilité : évaluation des personnes et offres institutionnelles : Le cas du RMI dans les Bouches du Rhône." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3052/document.
Full textThis thesis seeks to understand one of France's major social welfare programmes by observing and analysing the professional practices and the way in which the players conceive and reconstruct their tools for their daily work. This study looks at the implementation of laws about the RMI benefit (minimum integration income), primarily focusing on the issue of employability. Increasing unemployment and a growing political desire to rigorously manage public finances has utterly transformed the social welfare; social welfare is increasingly organised on the basis of supply and demand, resembling a market-driven operation. The desire to improve the employability of those receiving RMI is proof of these profound changes. The relationship between users and the benefit-giving institution is symbolised by a reintegration contract. This approach aims at fostering “demand” in the form of an individual plan that should be matched by the “supply” of a service offer. The unbalanced relationship between users and the support system that has not only a market-driven approach, but also an industrialised set-up in terms of accountancy and bureaucratic requirements, is expressed by an explicit aim of standardising the demand to match the supply of services. In order to implement its new responsibilities and its policies of combating exclusion, the Bouches du Rhône Council relies on a circle of organisations: its own services, voluntary sector bodies, and local government organisations. The decentralisation of government action has generated a “local centralisation of powers”, creating top-down practices that run contrary to the independent and bottom-up practices it was supposed to promote
Borsenberger, Claire. "Les politiques publiques d'incitation à l'innovation : évaluation de leurs impacts dans des cadres d'analyse statiques et dynamiques." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10070.
Full textInnovations and technical progress have a great impact on economic growth. This explains the regulator's interest to induce private firms to innovate. Moreover, the innovation process has some features that can reduce the profitability to invest in R&D and justify public intervention. The goal of my thesis is to study the public policies that induce private firms to invest in R&D (patent law, R&D subsidies, cooperation agreement). The first chapter is a survey of economic literature on these subjects. The second one studies the social utility of a patent system when innovations can be kept secret. In the last one, I compare the impact of the different tools when they can be used simultaneously
Matt, Mireille. "Politiques technologiques et accords de coopération en R&D : théorie et application a des programmes européens." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC09.
Full textThis dissertation uses two theoretical frameworks giving complementary arguments to justify the implementation of a technology policy that subsidies R&D agreements. In the neoclassical framework, we introduced asymmetric spillovers in the d'Aspremont-Jacquemin (1988) model. The introduction of diversity in the features of agents allows us to underline the existence of non marginal situations where agents don't cooperate when for welfare reasons they should collaborate. The technology policy is relevant and efficient in these situations (these situations don't exist when agents are similar). In the evolutionary framework, we argue that a policy that stimulates R&D agreements is relevant because : (i) it induces knowledge diffusion by coordination in an appropriate way the existent diversity of the economic system and, (ii) it allows a better selection of technological options and induces firms to get locked-out of non efficient technological trajectories. Finally, we uses empirical results from economic evaluation studies of the european Brite-Euram programmes to validate some theoretical results concerning mainly the coordination of diversity
Guyet, Rachel. "Innovations et limites des politiques de l'emploi dans les nouveaux lander 1990-1999 : le cas de Leipzig." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21049.
Full textHouzibé, Ousmane Koudangbé. "L'impasse du processus démocratique en Afrique noire francophone : le cas du Tchad : les dimensions juridiques, politiques et institutionnelles de la démocratisation en Afrique subsaharienne." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED002.
Full textFrom universal principles and Francophone African examples where democracy is on (Benin, Senegal), this thesis aims to show that the democratic process in Chad has stalled because of political authoritarianism and bad governance. Authoritarianism has resulted in the demolition of democratic gains erected early in the process of constitutional and institutional mechanism load limit abuses of power to cause political change. On the electoral level, the organization and the outcome of the elections showed the limits of the weaknesses of the electoral commission and the Constitutional Council in the management of contentious elections and the proclamation of the true results from the polls. Constitutionally, the modification in June 2005 led the democratic process in stalemate due to the deconstruction of the standard for limiting the number of presidential terms now renewable for life. At the institutional and political level, dysfunction reigns supreme and the separation of powers is only simply because of presidential influence and institutions of functional autonomy deficit (legislative and judiciary). Furthermore, this thesis denounces the lack of democratic change through the rise of hyper-presidentialism Chadian and offers Executive reform to boost the dynamics of democratic consolidation in Chad
Schorung, Matthieu. "Le transport ferroviaire de passagers aux Etats-Unis entre conflictualités institutionnelles, processus de territorialisation et ancrage métropolitain." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2016/document.
Full textThe subject of this research is intercity passenger rail transportation in the United States, approached from two perspectives: Amtrak’s traditional rail services and high-speed rail projects. The aim is to understand the workings of public rail transportation policies, what they contain, and how they are developed and pursued by the different actors. The originality of the research lies in its multiscale approach, with a constant back-and-forth between the different scales of analysis, and in its use of several case studies to analyze the territorialization of intercity rail transportation policies. The analysis demonstrates the emergence of a bottom-up approach to projects, notably apparent in the Californian HSR project and in the modernization of the Cascades corridor. This process has even gone to the extreme with the proliferation of private rail projects that stress their independence from government, be it in decision-making, governance, or funding. This seems definitively to preclude any attempt to establish a national framework for high-speed rail, like those found elsewhere in the world, regardless of party-political considerations, i.e. the traditionally greater enthusiasm of the Democratic Party for large-scale federal investment. Two conclusions emerge: first, the development of uniform arguments and recommendations to encourage new rail policies, emphasizing the structuring effects and economic role of high-speed rail, congestion reduction, modal shift; second, a tangible though uneven pro-rail position among public actors at all levels. Priority is placed on improving and modernizing existing corridors for the launch of higher-speed services, and then on hybrid networks that combine different types of infrastructures. There are no publicly backed projects for new lines exclusively dedicated to high-speed rail. Most of the high-speed corridors are in fact “higher-speed” corridors, some of which are intended to become high-speed at some time in the future, such as the Northeast corridor. The territorialization of rail projects entails the design and construction of transportation networks that are more integrated – at least in terms of service provision and physical connection – and genuinely interconnected. After analyzing projects for the upgrading of higher-speed corridors and the construction of new infrastructures, we note the importance of stations and the emphasis on the need for better coordination between transportation and urbanism through support for station districts. Indeed, a rail corridor project – situated at the intersection of political, economic, technical, and territorial interests – is the nucleus of a process of territorialization that materially embeds the infrastructure within urban spaces, and of a process of politicization through the involvement of local actors. Rail projects seem to be an instrument that leads to the implantation of metropolitan scale facilities (stations, intermodal hubs) and to the shaping or reshaping of the urban fabric (station districts, larger-scale district regeneration projects)
Russo, Paola Sabina. "Territoires, institutions et politiques publiques en matière de biotechnologies agricoles : les OGM en grandes cultures : étude comparée France (Moyenne-Garonne) - Italie (Emilie-Romagne)." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083597.
Full textResearch on the propagation of agronomic GMOs in Europe has thus far focused on issues of political, economic and social regulation of this technological innovation, with emphasis on either a macroeconomic, sectoral or territorial type of approach, but has rarely attempted to combine the three. This thesis proposes a comprehensive approach to the governance issues posed by the propagation of this agronomic innovation, in terms of various spatial patterns and time scales, across extensive farming systems producing cereals (maize) and oilseeds (soybean, colza). Whether to replace chemical pesticides or to modify their conditions of use, seeds that have been genetically modified to tolerate specific herbicides and/or resist specific pests offer farmers new means for crop protection. How do the host environments react to the constraints imposed by the innovation? How do those environments reconcile the associated risks and benefits? In what ways are agrarian, social and mental structures likely to resist or on the contrary facilitate technical change? These were the questions that led us to undertake this work, joining the current of research on the dissemination of innovations in agriculture. We adopted a multi-scalar approach in order to gain an understanding of the stakes involved in the propagation of agronomic GMOs, not only at the global and European levels – and more specifically in two Member States, France and Italy – but also on an infra-national scale, in the regions of Emilia-Romagna and Moyenne-Garonne
La ricerca sulla diffusione degli OGM agronomici in Europa ha finora affrontato i problemi di regolazione politica, economica et sociale dell'innovazione da un punto di vista macroeconomico, settoriale o territoriale ma raramente essa a tentato una sintesi dei tre approcci. Questa tesi propone un approccio comprensivo ai problemi di "governanza" posti di la diffusione, a differenti scale spaziali et temporali, di una innovazione agronomica destinata al comparto delle grandi culture, più specificamente, al settore maidicolo e a quello delle oleaginose. Ora sostituendosi ai pesticidi chimici, ore modificandone le condizioni d'uso, le sementi modificate geneticamente per resistere agli attacchi di alcuni insetti o/e per tollerare certi erbicidi offrono agli agricoltori uno strumento supplementare per la protezione delle colture. Come viene valuto il rapporto rischi/benefici ? Di che natura sono la resistenze o le facilità che le strutture agrarie, sociali e mentali possono opporre o offrire al cambiamento ? Come regiscono i territori ai vincoli giuridici, normativi et tecnici impostidalle instituzioni ed dal mercato nonché dalla natura stessa dell'innovazione ? Tali sono i quesiti che ci hanno spinto ad intraprendere questo lavoro di ricerca che si inserisce nel vasto ambito degli studi sulla diffusione delle innovazioni in agricoltora. L'obiettivo che ci proponiamo é di far luce su alcune delle problematiche sollevate dalla diffusione degli OGM agronomici non solo a livello mondiale et europeo, et più specificamente in due Stati membri - l'Italia et la Francia - ma anche a livello infranazionale, in Emilia Romagna e in Moyenne-Garonne. Il nostro approccio é dunque multiscalare
Aïvo, Frédéric Joël. "Le président de la République en Afrique noire francophone : essai sur la sociologie et les évolutions institutionnelles de la fonction au Bénin, au Cameroun, au Gabon et au Togo." Lyon 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO33026.
Full textDromard, Michaël. "Les doctrines institutionnelles des Responsables Politiques Français vis à vis de la notion de Cohabitation au cours de la 5ème République : 1958-2017." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020080/document.
Full textThe thesis recalls the many positions of the French political officials with respect to the concept of cohabitation during years 1958-2017 and highlights their institutional contradictions which appear according to situations and political circumstances given. It thus emphasizes the many institutional divergences of the right-hand side on the subject : the cohabitationnist refusal of the Gaullist and Pompidolian regims, the Giscardian assent of 1978, the division within the right during Mitterrand years between 1981 and 1995, the union in the denunciation during the first mandate of Jacques Chirac between 1995 and 2002 and finally a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis also records certain institutional divergences on the side of the socialist left : a cohabitationnist will during years 1958-1981, a serious reserve during years 1981-1986 then 1988-1993, a cohabitationnist satisfaction during years 1997-2002 and also a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis shows so the way in which the political leaders have evolved their institutional doctrines according to situations and political circumstances given and also tries to explain their numerous personal strategies and their institutional reflections with respect to the cohabitation
Petit, Guillaume. "Pouvoir et vouloir participer en démocratie : sociologie de l'engagement participatif : la production et la réception des offres institutionnelles de participation à l’échelle municipale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D094/document.
Full textThis thesis studies political participation at local level and its implications for citizen engagement in public policy. Local elected representatives want to engage citizens in governance, citizens want to be heard and to influence policy making. Thus participatory democracy and deliberative imperative are considered as an ideal for government and a best practice in public action. This thesis focuses on "offers of participation" - opportunities for participation created by authorities for citizen - in French municipalities since 1990. I argue that these "offers" swing between thwart institutionalising and continuous experimenting. Empirical data are derived from the study of policies for implementing participatory democracy in three cities of 20 000 inhabitants. I discuss the social-historical anchorage of these political-administrative constructions, the effects of their various design and the social conditions of their differentiate appropriations by citizens. I suggest a grounded theory of citizen engagement based on an inductive and multi-method approach. The analytical framework is based on the concepts of social dispositions and situations, in order to determine social conditions of patterns of participation and non-participation, as both faces of a similar phenomenon. The opportunity for an effective intermittent participation can only be understood in relation with a distanced, impeached, prevented or avoided participation. "Offers of participation" are a way to mobilise citizens on a common local interest. Though, their impact is narrowed by the fact that participation is imbedded in the system of political representation
Salmona, Michèle. "Les cultures techniques et le travail des paysans français face aux politiques publiques de vulgarisation et d'incitation économique." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070033.
Full textThe thesis presents, in its first part, the technical cultures, work, and professions of stock-breeder and market-gardener. This analysis is characterized by an access to the affective, cognitive, imaginary dimensions of work and to the natural and living supports of that work. Referring to french books and oral african traditions, an historical approach introduces an enrichment of the study of the work through a comparison with important stock-breeding and market-gardening societies. The second part deals with the affects of cultural pauperization and with the emerging pathologies bound to methods of popularization and to paradoxes conveyed by national politics of economical incitement. Interdisciplinary methods are required to value those politics in order to approximate the psychical costs as well as the tactics of resistance among groups, to the denial of technical cultures
Yokessa, Maïmouna. "Politiques environnementales et alimentation : que nous apprennent les préférences des consommateurs ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA023.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation focuses on consumers’ behavior towards the environment through food choices, to determine the most appropriate policies to limit the impact of the food system on the environment. This dissertation consists of four articles that study the monetary valuation of environmental characteristics by consumers, and the choices of public policy instruments related to these valuations.The first article, through a review of the literature, shows that the proliferation of eco-labels and the complexity of environmental information impede the ability of these eco-labels to influence consumers’ behaviors.In this context, the tax and subsidy mechanisms appear as an alternative solution which is studied in this dissertation by integrating experimental results. The rest of this dissertation examines the experimental results concerning the revelation of environmental messages and the monetary valuation of different dairy products. These experimental results related to dairy products are used to calculate taxes and subsidies that maximize consumers’ welfare.The second article studies how environmental messages influence consumer preferences, using an online choice experiment and a lab experiment. These two experiences show relative stability of preferences, especially when it comes to the significant decrease in the willingness to pay for the basic product, following the disclosure of information on the environmental consequences of the products.The third article focuses on two laboratory experiments when the number of offered products varies. The second experiment incorporates new products guaranteeing an equitable price sharing in the dairy production chain. It is shown that the monetary valuations for environmental criteria are dominated by higher valuation for health or for social criteria regarding the fair sharing of the value in the production chain.The fourth article uses the preferences revealed in one of the previous experiments around dairy products to calculate taxes and subsidies that maximize the consumers’ welfare. The levels of taxation estimated with our work are significantly higher than those that could be estimated by using the carbon prices advised by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).These four articles help to quantify public policy options applied to a specific type of product, and by taking into account market mechanisms
Riou, Stéphane. "Les politiques régionales européennes entre cohésion, élargissement et croissance : une analyse d'économie géographique." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STETT082.
Full textThe convergence process of some european cohesion contries seems to hide more regional inequalities within each of them (Spain and Portugal). Their groxth rate would benefit from more agglomeration of economic activities. Such fact illustrates a possible dilemma between cohesion and national growth. Then, two questions may be put. First, what are the economic mechanisms at the origin of such dilemma ? Is public support able to make disppear this dilemma, seeking both less regional inequalities and more macroeconomic efficiency ? This, thesis shows that the recent literature using both economic geography and endogenous growth frameworks gives some interesting theoretical answers to these questions. Precisely, this literature shows how less concentrated technological interactions may be important to promote more balanced regional development. This conclusion should be more taken into account in the public policy choices
Didierlaurent, Sylvie. "L'influence des politiques de ressources humaines et de la structure organisationnelle sur l'activite innovatrice des industries de moyenne dimension." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS1005.
Full textSarmis, Dilek. "La pensée de Bergson dans la genèse de la Turquie moderne : un prisme des transitions lexicales, institutionnelles et politiques de la fin de I'Empire ottoman à la Turquie républicaine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0077.
Full textSince the 1910s, the reception of the French philosopher Henri Bergson among the mostly Francophone literary elite of the Ottoman Empire established his thought as a tool of the spiritualist reaction to the dominant positivist and materialist paradigm. While one of the first Ottoman readings of his work associated Bergsonian intuitionism with Sufi spiritualism, epistemological and disciplinary dynamics of the late imperial period created the conditions for its evolvement into a new psycho-philosophy. The War of Independence led by the future Ataturk in response to the collapse of the Empire during the First World War found expression in the review Dergah (1921-1923), which erected Bergsonism to the rank of a salvational philosophy. Alternative and spiritualist rationality, mobilization by the elan vital, and intuitionisn as a means of access to knowledge: the registers mobilized by Bergsonians constituted a psycho-philosophical epistemology seductive in times of crisis, which found its institutional counterpart in the Ottoman Darulfunun and during Republican times Istanbul University. After 1923, translations of Bergson accompanied a transposition of his philosophemes into the socio political field: nourishing a spiritualist yet secularized interpretation of the religious, they contributed to an alternative expression, described as conservative, of Kemalist republicanism and the political notion of time. This work questions, by means of the historicization of Bergsonian concepts, the modes in which the philosophical is envisaged as a discourse order that is actualized through epistemological, linguistic, institutional, religious or political shapings
Behaghel, Luc. "Le rôle de la demande de travail dans le faible emploi des travailleurs âgés en France : politiques publiques et pratiques des entreprises." Marne-la-Vallée, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01263886.
Full textLe, Mouël Pierre. "L’Évaluation Macroéconomique des Politiques de R&I de l’UE : l’Art et la Manière." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0008.
Full textThis PhD thesis describes the R&I mechanisms that the macroeconomic models QUEST III, NEMESIS and RHOMOLO incorporate, and how these models are used to evaluate the R&I policies that are introduced and monitored by the General Directorate for R&I of the EC. QUEST III, NEMESIS and RHOMOLO are models belonging to different economic traditions, and also possess different levels of detail. QUEST is a macroeconomic Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model, the most in line with modern macroeconomic theory. There is one model for every EU(28) country, with microeconomic foundations explicitly derived from inter-temporal profit and utility maximization under perfect foresight, as in the general equilibrium setting of modern theoretical models of economic growth. NEMESIS is, like QUEST, a model for every EU(28) country, but the two models are very different in their modeling approach. NEMESIS is a macro-sectorial model (30 sectors) of neo-Keynesian inspiration. There are adjustment costs, adaptive expectations, wage rigidities and exogenous exchange and interest rates, which prevents the model from describing a general equilibrium, even in the long-run. RHOMOLO, is a spatial model based on the new economic geography theories and is the more detailed geographically, as it describes the general equilibrium modeling of 267 EU regional economies and their interactions. This model also has a sectorial dimension and each region contains 10 economic sectors. Like NEMESIS, the great level of detail of RHOMOLO, prevents any forward-looking dynamics, and both models are solved according to a recursively dynamic approach. To model innovation, what the three models have in common is that they were inspired by the strong empirical evidence, that investments in R&D were at the origin of major technological innovations and TFP growth in advanced industrialized countries over the past decades. On the theoretical side, they all also refer, explicitly or implicitly, to the New Growth Theories that have emerged from the beginning of the 1990s. NEMESIS, that is grounded on empirics, is certainly the model that includes the richest mechanisms of technical change, with, notably, the recent extension of the innovation mechanisms of the model to the role played by investments in ICT, software and professional training, that are particularly important to represent innovation in the service sectors. But the sectorial and “out-of-equilibrium” approaches that are used in NEMESIS, do not ensure that the long-run behavior of the model will conform to the general equilibrium prerequisite present in QUEST III. For QUEST III, in contrast, this time the compromise is at the cost of the richness and the level of detail of the innovation mechanisms of the model, that are restricted by the forward-looking expectations, and the high theoretical constraints, that the DSGE modeling imposes. For RHOMOLO, on the contrary, the limitations come more often from the data constraints and the difficulty in representing certain phenomena, such as knowledge externalities, on a detailed regional level. If, to these differences in the structure of the models, we add the endogenous, versus, semi-endogenous representation of growth they support, we could certainly not expect that they would provide similar results when evaluating EU R&I policies, but at least that their results would usefully complement each other’s. There are various ways and means, for the macroeconomic evaluation of EU R&I policies, and this thesis is dedicated to the presentation of this “compromise” the different models form, using the analysis of the main findings in the empirical and theoretical works developed since the fifties, to measure and represent economic growth
Saliceti, Marie-Ange. "Les politiques publiques de développement local centrées sur les technologies de l'information : de l'élaboration à la mise en oeuvre en France et dans l'Union Européenne." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10037.
Full textSiemushyna, Mariia. "Parents immigrés dans quelle(s) langue(s) vivez-vous votre parentalité ? : évaluation biographique des effets des politiques linguistiques familiales et institutionnelles sur la parentalité des parents immigrés à Strasbourg (France) et Francfort-sur-le-Main (Allemagne)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG024.
Full textThis research focuses on the effects of family and institutional language policies on different dimensions of parenting of migrant parents (exercice, practice, experience (Houzel, 1999)). The analysis is based on non-directive interviews and life stories of immigrant parents and children, as well as testimonies of professionals and volunteer resource persons in Strasbourg (France) and Frankfurt-on-the-Main (Germany). By positioning parents as the main focus of this study, we endeavour to make a contribution to the research on family language policies, and through conducting a biographical evaluation of institutional language policies, we also seek to contribute to studies on policy evaluation, and in particular to those on the evaluation of language policies
Benaim, Mickaël. "Gouvernance et politiques de science en région : une approche multi-acteurs et multi-niveaux." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842827.
Full textPerrin, Benoit. "La sphère financière et les startups : évolutions des politiques publiques, financiarisation des jeunes entreprises et mutations des industries culturelles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD041.
Full textThe socio-economic actuality is filled with examples showing the importance that the words entrepreneurship and startups have taken in political and economic discourses. Driven by policy makers and influenced by the « entrepreneurial revolution” ideology, the financial framework in which young companies venture is evolving. Based on a study on young companies in the ICT sectors, and strongly inspired by the previous works on cultural industries, this research seek to question the stakes of an evolving French policy towards young companies. By studying various funding schemes and their complementarity, we show in the first section the central role that the financial sphere has taken in the conditions of young venture’s emergence, with a major financial support of public policy. Using academic research on financialisation, we show that concentration movements also apply to young companies. Although many elements plead for an important coherency between the financialisation of big companies and the phenomenon we point at, the financialisation of young companies seems to characterize itself by the use of growth narratives as objectivation factor. Through an analysis of the mobile game sector and more especially a company we adviced in various fundraising campaigns between 2012 and 2015, the second section questions the impact of financialisation on young companies’ development. We show how the recourse to the financial sphere and the dominance of the shareholder value ideology impacts the companies’ strategies. Therefore, financialisation forces young companies into the adoption of specific development strategies and emphasize the industrialization tendencies. In that study, appear the traits of an ideal-type of the financialised young company, an ideological conception of venture creation: the startup
Alouan, Lara. "Apport et limites d’un projet d’émancipation technocentré : cas de hackerspaces français." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE028.
Full textIn reference to Ray Oldenburg (1989/1991), who introduced the definition of third places, a group of structures is emerging with several terms (Fab Labs, hackerspaces, etc.). These organisations advocate more democratic, less formalised and hierarchical way of proceeding, in order to grant more autonomy and responsibility to their members. The interest generated by hackerspaces, as particular places of technological creativity, has spread recently beyond researchers (Lallement, 2015; Davies R., 2017 ; Berrebi-Hoffman, Bureau, Lallement, 2018). Specifically hacker movement – taken in its general sense of emancipation thought technic and not in its reductive acceptance of informatics piracy (Raymond, 1999 ; Himanen, 2001 ; Mc Kenzie Wark, 2004) – clames for a continuous experimentation with alternative forms of working organization. And if these organization forms, based on peer relations, own alternative character, even capacitable, do hackerspaces create a new socio-economical paradigm or do they consider/conceal other realities? To answer all these questions, we suggest our research: behind the smooth and enthusiastic facade in which hackerspaces are presented, what are structuring or occurring issues implemented (not only technological, but also social, economical, political terms)?
Berthoumieu, Julien. "Policy instruments, research and development, innovations and technology diffusion in a north-south structure." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0124/document.
Full textWe study the relationship between policy instruments, innovations through Research andDevelopment (R&D) and technology diffusion in a North-South structure. First, we analyze the impactof the implementation of policy instruments by a Northern country on domestic (process and product)R&D expenditures in a theoretical framework. The North faces competition from a low-cost Southerncountry. The results show that policy instruments increase R&D expenditures except for an importquota. Then, we focus on the issue of technology diffusion from the North to the South. We design adynamic theoretical model in which the North files a patent to increase the monopoly period with anew technology. Previous policy instruments slow down technology diffusion except for an importquota again. Nevertheless, retaliations implemented by the South may accelerate it. Finally, we makean empirical study through econometric estimations of potential determinants of the technologydiffusion from the North to the South measured by patent collaborations. We show that the EuropeanUnion integration of Eastern European countries significantly increases the intensity of patentcollaborations with Western European countries while the effect on the probability of collaboration isnot significant