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Journal articles on the topic 'Innovative metaphors'
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Velasco Sacristán, Marisol. "Overtness-covertness in advertising gender metaphors." Journal of English Studies 7 (May 29, 2009): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.145.
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This paper aims at demonstrating that weak communication (overt and covert) can have an important influence on the choice, specification and interpretation of ideological metaphors in advertising. We focus here on a concrete type of ideological metaphor, advertising gender metaphor. We present a description of advertising gender metaphors, subtypes (cases of metaphorical gender, universal gender metaphors and cultural gender metaphors) and crosscategorisation in a case study of 1142 adverts published in British Cosmopolitan (years 1999 and 2000). We next assess “overtness-covertness” in the advertising gender metaphors in our sample. In considering this we also look at the conventional-innovative scale of these metaphors, and examine their discrimination against men and women. The intended value of this paper lies in its examination of both weak overt and covert types of communication in relation both to cognitive and pragmatic theorising of metaphor, and, more generally, to theorising advertising communication.
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Stickles, Elise, Oana David, Ellen K. Dodge, and Jisup Hong. "Formalizing contemporary conceptual metaphor theory." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 2 (2016): 166–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.2.03sti.
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This paper describes an innovative formalization of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and its implementation in a structured metaphor repository. Central to metaphor analysis is the development of an internal structure of frames and relations between frames, based on an Embodied Construction Grammar framework, which then informs the structure of metaphors and relationships between metaphors. The hierarchical nature of metaphors and frames is made explicit, such that inferential information originating in embodied conceptual primitives is inherited throughout the network. The present analysis takes a data-driven approach, where lexical differences in linguistic expressions attested in naturally-occurring discourse lead to a continued refinement and expansion of our analyses.
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Demmen, Jane, Elena Semino, Zsófia Demjén, et al. "A computer-assisted study of the use of Violence metaphors for cancer and end of life by patients, family carers and health professionals." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 20, no. 2 (2015): 205–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.20.2.03dem.
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This study combines quantitative semi-automated corpus methods with manual qualitative analysis to investigate the use of Violence metaphors for cancer and end of life in a 1,500,000-word corpus of data from three stakeholder groups in healthcare: patients, family carers and healthcare professionals. Violence metaphors in general, especially military metaphors, are conventionally used to talk about illness, particularly cancer. However, they have also been criticized for their potentially negative implications. The use of innovative methodology enables us to undertake a more rigorous and systematic investigation of Violence metaphors than has previously been possible. Our findings show that patients, carers and professionals use a much wider set of Violence-related metaphors than noted in previous studies, and that metaphor use varies between interview and online forum genres and amongst different stakeholder groups. Our study has implications for the computer-assisted study of metaphor, metaphor theory and analysis more generally, and communication in healthcare settings.
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Bosenius, Bärbel. "Die paulinische Rede von den κεκοιµηµένοι – eine tote oder eine lebendige Metapher?" Biblische Zeitschrift 65, № 1 (2021): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890468-06501003.
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Abstract The participles κεκοιµηµένοι, κοιµηθέντες and κοιµωµένοι, used by Paul in 1 Thess and 1 Cor as metaphors for dead persons, are often merely taken as a euphemism, simply chosen for stylistic reasons. From the perspective of critical cognitive linguistics you can come up with a more differentiated picture if you discern within these Pauline utterances between lexicalized and innovative metaphors. By using the metaphor “to sleep” for “being dead” in 1 Thess 4,14 Paul can express his emotional sensitivity towards the Thessalonians (1 Thess 4,13), in 1 Thess 4,14–15 he can allude to the Christian belief in resurrection, and his talking of κοιµᾶσθαι ἐν Χριστῷ (1 Cor 15,18.20) might be understood as an innovative metaphor for the so called intermediate state („Zwischenzustand“).
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Rohrer, Tim. "Metaphors, Visual Blends and the Ideology of Information Technology." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 13, no. 24 (2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v13i24.25572.
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In this article I argue from linguistic and visual evidence that the information highway metaphor is having tremendous ideological effects in shaping U.S. politics over technology. I apply Lakoff and Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphor to the linguistic and visual evidence, but then argue that Fauconnier and Turner’s theory of conceptual blending is useful to explain the visual and linguistic evidence in its full complexity. I conclude by summarizing the ways in which current ideological uses of conceptual metaphors and conceptual blends are assimilating the older innovative software design metaphors for operating systems.
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Cortazzi, Martin, and Lixian Jin. "Metaphorical Conceptualizations of Language: Networks of Meanings and Meta-functions." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 9, no. 1 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.9n.1p.2.
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This paper employs the innovative method of Elicited Metaphor Analysis to present original research in Malaysia into students’ metaphors for ‘language’. We summarize reasons why language and first/ second language learning are centrally important in education, and show patterned features of language metaphors in proverbs and in teacher talk about literacy. These may be one strand of student socialization into language-literacy conceptions. We then report our study of 408 university students in Malaysia who gave 977 metaphors for ‘language’. Using a socio-cultural extension of conceptual metaphor theory from cognitive linguistics, we analyse these data into thematic clusters and metaphor networks of meanings. In student voices, this presents a surprisingly rich picture of language and shows evidence of linguistic meta-functions: student metaphors for language can be seen not only cognitively with affective and socio-cultural meta-functions, but also with moral-spiritual and aesthetic functions. These meta-functions accord with some educational theories. To show wider insider metaphor perspectives we cite our research with ‘teacher’ and ‘learning’ metaphors in Malaysia, and ‘language’ findings from China, Iran, Lebanon and the UK. The metaphor meanings and meta-functions broaden our conception of language as a medium of learning with strong implications for the teaching of languages and literacy.
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Elmore, Kristen C., and Myra Luna-Lucero. "Light Bulbs or Seeds? How Metaphors for Ideas Influence Judgments About Genius." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 2 (2016): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616667611.
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Ideas are commonly described using metaphors; a bright idea appears like a “light bulb” or the “seed” of an idea takes root. However, little is known about how these metaphors may shape beliefs about ideas or the role of effort versus genius in their creation, an important omission given the known motivational consequences of such beliefs. We explore whether the light bulb metaphor, although widespread and intuitively appealing, may foster the belief that innovative ideas are exceptional occurrences that appear suddenly and effortlessly—inferences that may be particularly compatible with gendered stereotypes of genius as male. Across three experiments, we find evidence that these metaphors influence judgments of idea quality and perceptions of an inventor’s genius. Moreover, these effects varied by the inventor’s gender and reflected prevailing gender stereotypes: Whereas the seed (vs. light bulb) metaphor increased the perceived genius of female inventors, the opposite pattern emerged for male inventors.
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Offstein, Evan H., and Christopher P. Neck. "From "Acing the Test" to "Touching Base": The Sports Metaphor in the Classroom." Business Communication Quarterly 66, no. 4 (2003): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056990306600403.
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The use of sports metaphors to convey business lessons both within and outside the classroom is a common phenomenon. The sports metaphor, however, is prone to misuse and can often inadvertently exclude large segments of the student popula tion. To address these issues, we put forth an innovative and novel pedagogical approach that attempts to capitalize better on the shared meanings between athlet ics and certain business practices. Using the sports of tennis and basketball, we demonstrate how sports metaphors can he responsibly used to aid in the under standing of business lessons, such as managerial decision making.
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Chistolini, Sandra. "Metaphors of Nature in Education." Vierteljahrsschrift für wissenschaftliche Pädagogik 95, no. 4 (2019): 497–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890581-09501045.
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Abstract Naturmetaphern in Erziehung und Pädagogik Schon seit der Antike bilden naturalistische Metaphern einen festen Bestandteil des Redens über Erziehung.1 Auch in den großen Religionen stellen sie die Verbindung von Naturzustand und sittlicher Unterweisung her. Dabei eröffnen Metaphern als elementare Formen der Kommunikation unmittelbare Zugänge zum Verständnis von tieferen Zusammenhängen. Metaphern eröffnen dabei auch ein unverstelltes Verständnis von Person und Erziehung. Auf dem Weg über die Metapher erfolgt ein erster Schritt in Richtung auf ein epistemologisches Verständnis von Erziehung und Pädagogik. Dieser Text folgt den Spuren jener, welche die Metapher zu etwas Dunklem innerhalb des erzieherischen Diskurses gemacht haben, versteckt hinter einem Gesträuch aus Analogien. Den Aussagegehalt von Metaphern aufzuschließen kann aber auch als Beitrag angesehen werden, die Ziele der Erziehung in einem anderen Licht zu sehen und Erkenntniswege zu erschließen – vergessene oder auch innovative.
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Tychinina, Alyona. "In Search of the Meaning of Umberto Eco’s Narrative Metaphor “To Catch a Orange Dove”." Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, no. 101 (July 9, 2020): 256–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2020.101.256.
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The narrative specifics of Umberto Eco’s novel “The Island of the Day Before is regarded through a basic idea of the narrative metaphor “The Orange Dove”. The methodological basis of the study is a summary concept of the relationship between narrative and metaphor. These are O. Freidenberg’s hypothesis of metaphor as a future narrative form of plots and genres; F. Ankersmit’s narrative logic of metaphor’s transformation into a plot through a “point of view”; P. Recoeur’s “common innovative nucleus” in narrative and metaphor designed for productive imagination; G. Genette’s “narrative modality” and regulation of narrative information through metalepsis; R. Barthes’ dichotomy of “functions and indices” as an analogy of metonymic and metaphorical relations. In the article under discussion, we consider metaphor as a narrative principle that ensures its own presentation, generates its rhythm, creates personosphere, and involves a reader in an intellectual game. Such a way of metaphor formation marks U. Eco’s literary style. In his novel “The Island of the day Before”, the following distinctive range of metaphors play a very constructive role: metaphor of sleep, metaphor of love as a source of creative activities, metaphor of duality, metaphor of hatred. Above all, it is worth pointing out author’s epistemological metaphor, which is closely related to the search of truth: in the latter sense, the “Orange Dove” is associated with a post-modernist analogue of the “Blue Rose”, borrowed from the epoch of Romanticism. Due to the technique of metalepsis (“the figure of speech denoting author’s intrusion”), offered by G. Genette, the narrator demonstrates his metaphoric intentions through the discourse of a character-narrator. In conclusion, narrative metaphor of the novel directs the narrative strategy to a variety of its numerous versions, which may be implemented owing to reader’s competence.
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Elliot, Dely Lazarte, Kate Reid, and Vivienne Baumfield. "Capturing visual metaphors and tales: innovative or elusive?" International Journal of Research & Method in Education 40, no. 5 (2016): 480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2016.1181164.
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Hidalgo Downing, Laura, and Blanca Kraljevic Mujic. "Multimodal metonymy and metaphor as complex discourse resources for creativity in ICT advertising discourse." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 9, no. 1 (2011): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.9.1.08hid.
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In this paper we carry out a study of multimodal metaphors in a corpus of 52 ICT advertisements published in English-speaking magazines during the period 1999–2002. The general theoretical framework adopted for this purpose is a combination of text world theory and of a multimodal approach to metaphor in discourse, which in turn draws from the principles of conceptual metaphor theory and of discourse theories. The main argument presented in this study is that metaphor is a key instrument in the presentation and negotiation of conventional and creative meanings in advertising discourse as a type of public discourse. More specifically, ICT advertisements during the time period 1999–2002 are particularly interesting for the study of metaphor because of the combination of conventional and innovative underlying concepts which are grounded in the specific socio-cultural context of recent advances in new technologies. In this sense, metaphor contributes to the discourse functions of display, by inviting the receiver to identify with fantasy worlds which are rooted in assumed patterns of socio-cultural behaviour and which are presented in the ad, and to the functions of persuasion and of cognitive change. First, we have identified and classified multimodal metaphors in the corpus according to their cognitive-functional type, then, following Semino (2008) we have identified predominant discourse patterns of metaphorical occurrences. Finally, we have identified the main resources for creativity in the advertisements. We have also studied how the combinations of individual micro-propositional metaphors give rise to extended metaphors which revolve around the megametaphor LIFE IS A CYBERSPACE JOURNEY. This megametaphor invites the receiver to reinterpret the more conventional metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY in terms of the new advances and experiences in society regarding IC technologies.
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Mikulic, Borislav. "Models or metaphors?: Remarks on ‚tranference’ in philosophy and science." Filozofija i drustvo 24, no. 4 (2013): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1304121m.
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Dealing with the presumed universality of metaphor and its role in the discourse of philosophy and science, the article discusses, in the first part, the theses on metaphor as ?all pervading means? of language and thought, raised by romantic and post-romantic philosophers of language, and its impact on the meta-discourse on philosophy and science in recent contemporary contributions by epistemologists of science and language philosophers. The aim of the article is to show, on one side, that this universalisation of metaphor has been operative in the recent philosophy rather as a tacit confusion of metaphors with models and analogies than as elaboration of the presumed constitutive role of the so-called genuin metaphor in the rational discourse. On this ground, the article tries to provide, in the second and the third part, additonal and different arguments than those raised by ?friends of metaphor? for locating the presumed ?irrationality? of metaphor so as to reexamine the relevance of the difference between the literality of the underlying linguistic functions and the emphatic assertion by metaphorical expressions. As a result, in the fourth part, a different model has been suggested for estimating metaphors as universal, legitimate, and epistemically innovative in the rational discourse of philosophy and science. Such a view allows for conceiving of the presumed ?all-pervading? character of transference in language and thought as based on the universality of linguistic functions and yet enables to consider metaphors as what they actually are - a particular, but peculiar, intralinguistic phenomenon without which no insight into the differential and material character of language and speech seems to be possible at all.
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Bhaya Nair, Rukmini. "States of reason and reasons of state." Language and Dialogue 1, no. 2 (2011): 266–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.1.2.06nai.
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Over the past half-century, Noam Chomsky has established a powerful intellectual presence in two apparently unrelated domains of discourse — the field of theoretical linguistics and the arena of anti-establishment politics. This paper examines Chomsky’s use of metaphor across these domains, arguing that in Chomsky’s work metaphor enables an undercover, perhaps even classically ‘anarchic’ dialogue between disciplines. Organizationally as well as psychologically, the two major inquiries into human nature undertaken by him are, the paper suggests, structured and unified in relation to each other via the seemingly innocuous agency of metaphor. The paper also traces Chomsky’s innovative production of metaphors to engage in dialogue with both the past and the future. To reconstruct Chomsky through his metaphors is to attempt to read him not as a doctrinaire Cartesian but as someone who has responded with extreme ‘context-sensitivity’ to changing circumstances in both his fields. Finally, the paper contends that a study of Chomsky’s metaphorical practice could, inter alia, offer unprecedented insights into the creative and essentially unified thought processes of a major 20th century thinker.
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Yuan, Soe Tsyr, Pei Hung Hsieh, and Yu-Chen Yeh. "A computing metaphor approach to customer experience based alliance partner recommendation." Kybernetes 44, no. 10 (2015): 1504–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-01-2015-0004.
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Purpose – In the service economy era, service value is created from the evaluation of customer experience and it is important to study alliance partner selection for improving service provision. Nevertheless, most of the existing alliance partner selection approaches concentrate on the functional aspects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a novel approach that is customer-centric and emphasizes the emotional aspect of service value. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a metaphor-based alliance partner recommendation mechanism (MAPRM) that employs the computing metaphor approach to recommend alliance partners for companies in an innovative way. The main ideas of metaphors are the comparison made between two unlike things that actually have something in common so as to attain innovative thinking. Findings – This study uses the scenario of regional tourism innovation to demonstrate the attempted contributions of MAPRM. The simulation evaluation results show that MAPRM can utilize knowledge and resources from companies to achieve specific alliance goals of satisfying desired customer experiences represented by images that can be analyzed and created based on customers’ feedback and their interactions with companies. Originality/value – MAPRM aims to assist companies to find appropriate alliance partners which offer potential innovation opportunities for service value provision. It is capable of facilitating the alliance partner selection process and assessing customers’ needs at the same time.
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Mārtuža, Eva. "Dieva īpašību atainojums latviešu tautasdziesmās teopoētikas kontekstā." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 25 (March 5, 2020): 390–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2020.25.390.
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An innovative view to theological texts as a literary genre has been established in research of the modern religions and designated as theopoetics, because, irrespective of whether a theological text is written in the poetic genre, in the form of a story or the style of a more dense, theoretical prose, it is based on the poesis: innovative, intuitive and an imaginary composition of the authors where the central figure is God. Therefore, approximately ten thousand recorded and published folk songs, as well as other Latvian folklore texts about God, are equal to theopoetics as a genre of creative writing with its specific expression tools. Folk songs are a product of purposeful human spiritual/intellectual activity and imagination, a typical cultural phenomenon of the relevant society, which helps to study the public’s views about the perception of God. To approach adequately to analysis and interpretation of such texts, in the late 20th century, a new method of research on religious texts – theopoetics – was established. Theopoetics is a method of analysing religious texts that encourages us to look at the ancient metaphors of God from another angle. It explores the language possibilities of figuratively creating God’s patterns, unlike the previous “scientific” God’s theories as the systematic attempt of theology to find God through the living (“incarnated”) God. Theopoetics theorists accept reality as a source of divine revelation as well as personal experience and metaphor-influenced divine understanding in various religions. This method allows to establish the essence and possible interpretations of the basic metaphors used in every individual religion: 1) critically weigh up the previous explanations of God; 2) study the interaction of applied metaphors, models and concepts within religion; 3) offers the potential of transformative, revolutionary models, using the language and metaphor layer that is widely understandable and used by people in everyday life. Research of metaphors does not impose objective or general criteria for assessing understanding of God; therefore, the aim of theopoetical discourse is not to prevent competing interpretations but to multiply the number of perceptions of God, to extend the emotional feeling, and to reveal new opinions. Folk songs figuratively represent God in metaphors and comparisons, but the theopoetics method has not been applied in the previous studies of God either because it is a relatively new methodological system, or because God’s perception in the folk songs has not been the focus of researchers of contemporary religions.
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Berberović, Sanja, and Mersina Mujagić. "A marriage of convenience or an amicable divorce: Metaphorical blends in the debates on Brexit." ExELL 5, no. 1 (2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/exell-2018-0001.
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Abstract The paper investigates the interaction of conceptual blending and conceptual metaphor in producing figurative creativity in discourse. The phenomenon of figurative creativity is defined by Kövecses (2005) as creativity arising through the cognitive mechanisms of metonymy, metaphor, and blending. Specifically, the paper examines the use of creative figurative language in the British public discourse on the topic on Brexit. The aim of this paper is to show that conventional metaphors can be creatively stretched through conceptual blending, producing instances of creative figurative language. Specifically, applying blending theory, we will analyse innovative conceptual blends, motivated by the conventional marriage/divorce metaphor. In addition, the paper also examines the way in which creative figurative language produced in metaphorical blends provides discourse coherence at intertextual and intratextual levels.
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Cairns-Lee, Heather. "Images of Leadership Development From the Inside Out." Advances in Developing Human Resources 17, no. 3 (2015): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422315587897.
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The Problem With the codification of leadership into frameworks, models, and theories that can be taught, leadership, an art that is essentially subjective, symbolic, and context-specific, is “translated into” an objective, pragmatic, and universal domain. Development can be elusive when approached from this universal perspective if external models distract leaders from exploring their own views and practices of leadership. The Solution This article explores the subjective and symbolic reality of those in leadership roles to discover what leaders can learn about their leadership and its development from awareness of their own mental models. These models are illuminated by an exploration of leaders’ naturally occurring metaphors and implicit leadership theories (ILTs) using clean language to acknowledge experience exactly as described while minimizing external influence or interpretation. The Stakeholders Leadership development practitioners can benefit from the innovative personalized approach to surfacing and exploring leaders’ own metaphors facilitated by clean language, offered in this article. Examples are given of the range of leadership metaphors surfaced with this method. Researchers can appreciate a novel approach to qualitative research interviewing and identify future research in surfacing ILTs through naturally occurring metaphor facilitated by clean language.
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Paavola, Sami, Lasse Lipponen, and Kai Hakkarainen. "Models of Innovative Knowledge Communities and Three Metaphors of Learning." Review of Educational Research 74, no. 4 (2004): 557–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/00346543074004557.
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The authors analyze and compare three models of innovative knowledge communities: Nonaka and Takeuchi’s model of knowledge-creation, Engeström’s model of expansive learning, and Bereiter’s model of knowledge building. Despite basic differences, these models have pertinent features in common: Most fundamentally, they emphasize dynamic processes for transforming prevailing knowledge and practices. Beyond characterizing learning as knowledge acquisition (the acquisition metaphor) and as participation in a social community (the participation metaphor), the authors of this article distinguish a third aspect: learning (and intelligent activity in general) as knowledge creation (the knowledge-creation metaphor). This approach focuses on investigating mediated processes of knowledge creation that have become especially important in a knowledge society.
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Franzoni, Valentina, Alfredo Milani, Paolo Mengoni, and Fabrizio Piccinato. "Artificial Intelligence Visual Metaphors in E-Learning Interfaces for Learning Analytics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (2020): 7195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207195.
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This work proposes an innovative visual tool for real-time continuous learners analytics. The purpose of the work is to improve the design, functionality, and usability of learning management systems to monitor user activity to allow educators to make informed decisions on e-learning design, usually limited to dashboards graphs, tables, and low-usability user logs. The standard visualisation is currently scarce, and often inadequate to inform educators about the design quality and students engagement on their learning objects. The same low usability can be found in learning analytics tools, which mostly focus on post-course analysis, demanding specific skills to be effectively used, e.g., for statistical analysis and database queries. We propose a tool for student analytics embedded in a Learning Management System, based on the innovative visual metaphor of interface morphing. Artificial intelligence provides in remote learning immediate feedback, crucial in a face-to-face setting, highlighting the students’ engagement in each single learning object. A visual metaphor is the representation of a person, group, learning object, or concept through a visual image that suggests a particular association or point of similarity. The basic idea is that elements of the application interface, e.g., learning objects’ icons and student avatars, can be modified in colour and dimension to reflect key performance indicators of learner’s activities. The goal is to provide high-affordance information on the student engagement and usage of learning objects, where aggregation functions on subsets of users allow a dynamic evaluation of cohorts with different granularity. The proposed visual metaphors (i.e., thermometer bar, dimensional morphing, and tag cloud morphing) have been implemented and experimented within academic-level courses. Experimental results have been evaluated with a comparative analysis of user logs and a subjective usability survey, which show that the tool obtains quantitative, measurable effectiveness and the qualitative appreciation of educators. Among metaphors, the highest success is obtained by Dimensional morphing and Tag cloud transformation.
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Rappaport, Jack M., Stephen B. Richter, and Dennis T. Kennedy. "An Innovative Information Technology Educational Framework Based on Embodied Cognition and Sensory Marketing." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 9, no. 2 (2018): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2018040106.
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This article describes and implements an innovative framework for information technology (IT) education. The proposed framework creates metaphors for various IT topics using music. The theory of embodied cognition or grounded cognition argues that all aspects of cognition, including decision making, are shaped by aspects of the body. Various theories of neuroscience, the interdisciplinary study of the nervous system, are used to explain how the brain processes the information and multi-modal stimuli generated by the authors' model. The framework proposed in this article can also be considered a form of sensory marketing, which is also based upon embodied cognition, theories of neuroscience and the cognitive significance of metaphors. The model was implemented at the secondary and university levels using both a formative and summative evaluation process. The survey results support the theoretical arguments supplied by many theories of embodied cognition and neuroscience.
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Jiale, Tian, and Jiale Li. "Innovative Metaphorical Design based on Parametric Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 04044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123604044.
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This paper explores the application of metaphorical design in furniture design based on parametric technology. The semantics of designs were expressed by metaphors to enrich the ways of expression of furniture and meet customized needs. The methods, application and emotional expression of metaphorical design were analyzed, and the utilization of parametric technology in metaphorical design was explored based on case studies. Metaphorical design, as a means of furniture design, is a way of expression, or even an outcome of expression. Use of metaphorical design in the design process and parametric technology in manufacturing will allow the designers to turn conceptual ideas into real furniture pieces.
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Hill, Robert C., and Michael Levenhagen. "Metaphors and Mental Models: Sensemaking and Sensegiving in Innovative and Entrepreneurial Activities." Journal of Management 21, no. 6 (1995): 1057–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639502100603.
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McGuinty, Everett F., Brian M. Bird, Joana R. Silva, Danielle K. Morrow, and David C. Armstrong. "Externalizing Metaphors Therapy and Innovative Moments: A Four-Session Treatment Group for Anxiety." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 68, no. 3 (2018): 428–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2018.1429926.
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Marshall, Alasdair, Udechukwu Ojiako, and Maxwell Chipulu. "A futility, perversity and jeopardy critique of “risk appetite”." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 1 (2019): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-06-2017-1175.
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Purpose Risk appetite is widely accepted as a guiding metaphor for strategic risk management, yet metaphors for complex practice are hard to critique. This paper aims to apply an analytical framework comprising three categories of flaw – futility, perversity and jeopardy – to critically explore the risk appetite metaphor. Taking stock of management literature emphasising the need for metaphor to give ideation to complex management challenges and activities and recognising the need for high-level metaphor within strategic risk management in particular, the authors propose a means to scrutinise the risk appetite metaphor and thereby illustrate its use for further management metaphors. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a structured analytical perspective designed to scrutinise conceivably any purportedly progressive social measure. The three flaw categories are used to warn that organisational risk appetite specifications can be: futile vis-a-vis their goals, productive of perverse outcomes with respect to these goals and so misleading about the true potential for risk management as to jeopardise superior alternative use of risk management resource. These flaw categories are used to structure a critical review of the risk appetite metaphor, which moves towards identifying its most fundamental flaws. Findings Two closely interrelated antecedents to flaws discussed within the three flaw categories are proposed: first, false confidence in organisational risk assessment and, second, organisational blindness towards contributions of behavioural risk-taking to true organisational risk exposure. A theory of high (over-optimistic, excessive or inappropriate) risk-taking organisations explores flaws within the three flaw categories with reference to these antecedents under organisational-cultural circumstances where the risk appetite metaphor is most needed and yet most problematic. Originality/value The paper is highly original in its representation of risk management as an organisational practice reliant on metaphor and in proposing a structured means to challenge it as a dominant guiding metaphor where it has gained widespread uncritical acceptance. The discussion is also innovative in its representation of high risk-taking organisations as likely to harbour strong managerial motives, aptitudes and capacities for covert and illicit forms of risk-taking which, being subversive and sometimes reactionary towards risk appetite specifications, may cause particularly serious futility, perversity and jeopardy problems. To conclude, the theory and its implications are summarised for practitioner and educational use.
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Rigas, Dimitrios, and Badr Almutairi. "An Empirical Investigation into the Role of Avatars in Multimodal E-government Interfaces." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 5, no. 1 (2013): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jskd.2013010102.
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Interfaces for e-government applications are becoming essential for the modern life. E-government uses web-based interfaces to deliver effective, efficient and convenient services to citizens, business and government. However, one of the main obstacles (or barriers) of using such applications is the lack of the user trust and usability. These issues are often neglected in the interfaces of e-government application. This paper describes an empirical comparative study that investigated the use of multimodal metaphors to enhance the usability and increase the user trust. Specific designs of multimodal metaphors were investigated to communicate information using a specially developed e-government interface platform. These designs involved facially animated expressive avatars and auditory stimuli in addition to the typical visual metaphors often used. An experiment was carried out with 30 users to explore and compare the usability and user performance. These results provided a set of empirically derived innovative guidelines for the design and use of these metaphors to generate more usable e-government interfaces. For example, when designing avatars as animated virtual messages or live mail in e-government interfaces, specific facial expression should be incorporated due to its positive influence in enhancing users‘ attitude towards the communication process.
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Ji, Mingjie, and Brian King. "Explaining the embodied hospitality experience with ZMET." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 11 (2018): 3442–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2017-0709.
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PurposeScholars have rarely applied an embodied perspective when studying hospitality experiences. They have given even less attention to methodological considerations. This paper aims to introduce Zaltman’s Metaphor elicitation Technique (ZMET) to explore various domains of the embodied experience.Design/methodology/approachIn demonstrating the applicability of the ZMET procedure to understanding embodied hospitality experiences, the researchers present a study of emotional encounters that involve the dining experiences of Chinese tourists with Western cuisine. The focus of the paper is on data collection, i.e. detailing the step-wise procedures of ZMET that have received minimal scholarly attention.FindingsThrough the medium of this empirical study, the ZMET example uncovers deep metaphors and answers previously unanswered questions about embodied experiences. The detailed information and nuanced insights that are generated through this ZMET application offer the prospect of enhanced understanding of the hospitality experience.Originality/valueThis investigation contributes an innovative research method to the embodied experience in the hospitality and tourism context.
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Bloemraad, Irene. "“Two Peas in a Pod,” “Apples and Oranges,” and Other Food Metaphors." American Behavioral Scientist 55, no. 9 (2011): 1131–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211407844.
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Cross-national comparison increases the complexity of data collection and analysis but offers the promise of innovative new knowledge; it is hard to know what is noteworthy about an outcome or process without a comparative reference point. Juxtaposing Canada and the United States, two countries more similar to each other than to any other, allows researchers to probe how particular variations can produce consequential differences. The article outlines key historic and contemporary similarities and differences that can affect immigrant political incorporation in North America, including different foundational minority conflicts and variations in current migrant flows. The author discusses the importance of specifying outcomes and how these outcomes can be approached from different levels of analysis. Finally, the author identifies several understudied questions, including cross-national variation in local political responses to immigration—significant in the United States, more muted in Canada—and the differential use of law and rights framing to advance immigrant causes.
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Ylvisaker, Mark. "Self-Coaching: A Context-Sensitive, Person-Centred Approach to Social Communication After Traumatic Brain Injury." Brain Impairment 7, no. 3 (2006): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.7.3.246.
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AbstractUnsuccessful social communication after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often a consequence of self-regulatory (executive function) impairments. The primary goal of this article is to describe an approach to intervention for individuals with self-regulatory impairments that is individualised, sensitive to context and to the role of everyday communication partners, and supported by personally compelling metaphors. After a brief review of the social communication outcome literature, an innovative approach to improving social competence is presented and illustrated. The article ends with a review of the evidence base for social skills and self-talk interventions.
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Sahakyan, Inesa. "Metaphor, induction and innovation: Getting outside the box." Sign Systems Studies 49, no. 1-2 (2021): 166–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2021.49.1-2.07.
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Today more than ever innovation seems vital for us to anticipate the future and adapt to our rapidly changing world. But what is innovation and how is it accomplished? How can the mind generate innovative ideas? To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the human capacity to innovate, the present study aims at answering two basic questions: first, ‘what makes innovation possible?’ and second, ‘why are innovative ideas unusual?’. These questions are addressed within the framework of Peircean semiotics, in particular in the light of Peirce’s conception of inference. Different types of inferences are studied to determine the mode of reasoning which is central to innovative thought. While creativity and innovation are often analysed through the prism of abduction, this study puts forward an alternative approach drawing a parallel between modes of inferences and types of hypoicons. It claims that what makes innovation possible is metaphoric reasoning underlying induction.
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Dortyol, Ibrahim Taylan. "Being Jean-Baptiste Grenouille: on the trail of consumers' olfactory perceptions." Qualitative Research Journal 20, no. 2 (2020): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-09-2019-0066.
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PurposeThis research aims to uncover consumers' deeply hidden thoughts and feelings about store scent and its effects on shopping experiences.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a qualitative approach, this research uses Zaltman metaphor elicitation technique (ZMET). All the steps of the ZMET have been performed, and important constructs and contents have been explored.FindingsUltimately, a hierarchical value map was presented. Accordingly, the naturalness and intensity of the scent played a prominent part in its effectiveness. The pleasantness and complexity of the scent, the malodor, congruity and incongruity of the scent, as well as nostalgia, were seen as the predominant originator constructs that resulted in approach or avoidance reactions.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings have practical implications for managers seeking to design a store atmospherics making way for consumers to engage with the store and the brand. The cultural milieu in which the study was performed could be seen as a possible limitation of the study. This cultural angle should also be taken into consideration while the findings were considered.Originality/valueUsing ZMET as an innovative research method makes the study significant. By doing so, the metaphors of consumption are extended to the sensory marketing field to provide a more comprehensive understanding on the effects of store scent. Moreover, the study contributes to the existing literature of smell marketing.
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Hu, Chunyu, and Hongmiao Gao. "Nouns and nominalizations in economics textbooks." Language, Context and Text 1, no. 2 (2019): 288–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00012.hu.
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Abstract Grammatical metaphors are indispensable resources that scientists employ to create scientific worlds. Nominalization, as a powerful tool of grammatical metaphor, can shed new light on the nature of economics through reconstruing human experiences in the process of economic activities. This study endeavours to initiate an innovative way to study nominalizations in economics discourses by extracting nouns in a self-built 1-million-word corpus of economics textbooks (CETB). The results show that nouns and nominalizations, accounting respectively for 21% and 10% of the total words in the corpus, have construed the vast theoretical edifice of modern economic knowledge. In addition to transmitting disciplinary knowledge to achieve ideational functions, nominalizations can also situate the participants within the economics discourse community to fulfil interpersonal functions, and facilitate the text to progress as a chain of reasoning to perform textual functions. This investigation of nouns as well as lexical bundles not only provides new insights into nominalization but also provides an important entry point to observe discipline-specific lexis and the typical co-text in which items occur. This study, as a combination of work in economics, corpus linguistics and systemic functional linguistics, has implications for education in economics as well as the study of disciplinary English in other fields.
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Huber, Tim. "Realisierte Tropen in Wolframs ›Parzival‹." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 143, no. 2 (2021): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2021-0013.
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Abstract This article negotiates the immense poetical potential inherent in the rhetorical operation of the ›epische Realisierung‹ of tropes, which is paradigmatically used by Wolfram von Eschenbach in his ›Parzival‹. This technique not only presents prevalent literary topoi of courtly culture in an innovative way, but also provides the possibility to unfold the text’s metaphors, which are habitually restricted to a specific moment, within the entire narrative framework. Furthermore, Wolfram applies this technique, arguably, to connect text passages, which otherwise diverge widely from the linear of the narrative, by the virtue of their corresponding metaphorical or visual logic. Through these established ana- and cataphoric intratextual references, even distant episodes are brought into a dialogue that discloses both analogies and differences as well as new levels of meaning.
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Zaytseva, N. G. "Yeast and leaven – craftsmen, blacksmiths? (names of notions in the Vepsian ethnolinguistic space)." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 4 (2020): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-4-642-651.
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Introduction: the article analyzes the Vepsian terms for yeast and leaven. This vocabulary is interesting from the point of view of motifs of nomination, preservation of the Baltic-Finnish etymological heritage, innovative moments and the results of contact phenomena observed both in the direct borrowing of the necessary lexemes into the Vepsian language, and in the semantic and grammatical influence on the group of this vocabulary. Objective: to study a group of vocabulary associated with the names of yeast and leaven, to identify the motifs of nomination, their originality and innovativeness in the Baltic-Finnish etymological space, and to determine the results of contact and universal phenomena. Research materials: Vepsian names of yeast and leaven collected in the fields, from archival and published sources. Results and novelty of the research: the article defines the motifs of Vepsian terms – the names of yeast and leaven. Their bases are verbal lexemes that can reflect the process of work of yeast and leaven during dough preparation (noustatada ‘to raise’ → noustatez ‘rise (of dough)’; hapata ‘to sour; to ferment’ → hapatez, hapišt ‘oxidation; fermentation’; muigota ‘to sour; to ferment’→ muigotez ‘oxidation; fermentation’). Special attention is paid to attracting some language metaphors to the nomination [rand ‘yeast’ (lit. ‘the edge of the leavened dough’); sep ‘yeast’ (lit. ‘blacksmith; craftsman’)]. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the determination of the motifs of nomination of terms and their etimologization – Baltic-Finnish (noustatez, hapatez), innovative Vepsisms (muigotez) and the reasons of their emergence, as well as obscure terms, which are offered the interpretation by the author (rand, sep). Special attention is drawn to the semantic universal realities in the studied group of terms caused by the invasion of metaphors into the nomination, which in this case turned out to be characteristic for related and neighboring unrelated languages [Vepsian sep ‘yeast’ (lit. ‘blacksmith’), Tver Karelian seppä ~ šeppä ‘yeast’, Estonian dialectal meistari, töök, töömees ‘yeast’ (lit. ‘master; working man’) and Russian master ‘leaven’].
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Verducci, Erica. "Ellis Island." Polisemie 1 (April 3, 2020): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/polisemie.v1.605.
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Italian-American writer of the third-generation Robert Viscusi tells about the migratory tragedy of Italians in North America in his Ellis Island, a strongly innovative collection which combines history and autobiography. The poem consists of 624 sonnets unfolding through personal memories, historical researches and bold metaphors. The well-known opposition between earth and sea becomes here a match and a very realistic argument on the idea of transformation and mutability typical of a part of humanity that changes through migration. Ellis Island is the final place of changes, just as the poem itself, which can be read in the printed and static version, but also in the ever-changing, randomly generated one, available on the dedicated website by the author’s decision. A form in line with the content and its true meaning.
 
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Sokólska, Urszula. "Słownictwo odnoszące się do żywiołu wody w cyklu poetyckim "Pocałunki" Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 6 (2006): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2006.06.10.
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The article attempted to analyze vocabulary connected with a semantic circle of water in the collection of poems “Pocałunki” / “Kisses”/ by Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska. The author paid attention to specific connections between individual words and revealed not only innovative but also conventionalized elements of the artistic text. Besides, lexical elements that indicate values and connote specific emotions and imaginations which by referring to both popular knowledge of the world and certain symbols and cultural experience create peculiar aura in the text and influence the reader to the greatest extent were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to vocabulary realistically connected with the water semantic field, applied by the poet to name aquatic designates; non-conventionalized extended metaphors of periphrases nature; vocabulary realistically referring to the element of water applied by the poet to describe other phenomena.
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Ozcinar, Assoc Prof Dr Zehra. "Message from editor." International Journal of Innovative Research in Education 3, no. 4 (2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijire.v3i4.1865.
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Message from Editor
 Dear Readers,
 
 It is a great honor for us to publish third volume, fourth issue International Journal of Innovative Research in Education (IJIRE).
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Education welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles. The journal aims to promote new innovative ideas in all fields of education.
 The journal provides an international platform for researchers, managers, scientists, professionals and professors of educational sciences to publish high quality refereed papers comprising comprehensive leading trends of education.
 Topics on environmental interest, choir management, childhood games, physical activity, music technology, listening skills, wellness, multicultural competence and war and peace metaphors are included into this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. We will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in the next volume.
 A total number of seventeen (17) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of nine (9) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication for this issue.
 We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.
 
 Best regards,
 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zehra Ozcinar
 Editor – in Chief
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Cornelissen, Joep P. "What Are We Playing at? Theatre, Organization, and the Use of Metaphor." Organization Studies 25, no. 5 (2004): 705–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840604042411.
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This article addresses the question of how metaphor works and illustrates this with an explication of the ‘organization as theatre’ metaphor. It is argued that the so-called comparison account of metaphor that has dominated organization studies to date is flawed, misguided, and incapable of accounting for the fact that metaphors generate inferences beyond the similarities required for comprehending the metaphor and that metaphoric understanding is creative, with the features of importance being emergent rather than existing antecedently. A new model of metaphor for organizational theorizing is therefore proposed in this article and illustrated through an extended discussion and explication of the ‘organization as theatre’ metaphor. This explication shows furthermore that the ‘organization as theatre’ metaphor has not broken any new ground or led to any conceptual advances in organization theory, but has just provided a language of theatre (actors, scenes, scripts, and so on) for framing and communicating identity and role enactment within organizations. Constitutive principles and governing rules are derived from this model and from detailing the ‘organization as theatre’ metaphor, which, it is suggested, can guide theorists and researchers in their use of metaphor in organization studies.
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Twersky, Geula. "Genesis 49: The foundation of Israelite monarchy and priesthood." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 43, no. 3 (2019): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089217720625.
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The apparent lack of consistency in Jacob’s blessings in Gen. 49, ranging from temporal irregularity to variations in genre and message have lead many scholars to suggest that the chapter should not be viewed as Jacob’s blessings but rather as a compilation of tribal sayings. This article aims to support the structural unity of Gen. 49 by accessing the blessings’ collective theme. The military orientation common to the animal metaphors in Gen. 49 provides a preliminary basis for presuming that the tribal blessings also share a common theme. A careful reading of the blessings points to their innovative role in dividing the responsibilities and privileges traditionally associated with the birthright. Jacob’s blessings split the conventional leadership role associated with the patriarchal birthright into two subdivisions, the monarchic and the priestly, and position each of the tribal blessings within either the monarchic or the priestly blessing cluster. The perplexing prayer which interrupts the blessings emerges as the pivot around which the two blessing constellations revolve.
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Othman, Rozhan, and Khor Minee. "Innovation in Teaching Strategy:Using of Sports As Cognitive Metaphor." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 5, no. 1 (2014): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2014v5i1p62-70.
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Teaching strategy is particularly challenging because it involves developing the abilityto think strategically. At the heart of strategic thinking is creativity. Yet, many textbooks onstrategy present it as a procedural process involving a number of steps. This paper proposes thatinstructors can rely on using cognitive metaphors to help stimulate thinking and questioningabout strategizing. Specifically, we propose that sports can be used as cognitive metaphors tohelp students think deeper about competitive issues faced by businesses. We propose someguidelines on the metaphorical use of sports in teaching strategyCognitive metaphor, strategy, creativity
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Vilela, Mário. "Português de moçambique ou as metáforas “à solta”." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 44 (August 24, 2011): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v44i0.8637071.
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In Mozambique, the Portuguese language, associated with the promotion of national unity and consciousness, has become not only a political-administrative vehicle but also formative of communicative models and a bolster for socio-economic values. By force of the internal structure of the Bantu languages and African imagination, the Portuguese language is dragged toward new, innovative creations, where two aspects can be highlighted: the decomposition of segments of the Portuguese language imitating the Bantu phonetic-discursive sequentialization and metaphoric creation. It is this latter aspect we will be focusing on. The metaphor, provoking breaks in discursive sequence, brings cognitive contributions that are disturbing to our encyclopaedic knowledge. The metaphor, contrarily to metonymy and synecdoche, the metaphor creates categorical conflicts from which new perspectivizations result. The metaphor’s neuralgic crux is to establish negotiations between encyclopaedias. And the “encyclopaedias” focused on (“starting point” or “frame” (Pt. “quadro”) encyclopaedias) are those which result from daily life, from daily concerns, as are “corruption”, the “police” and the “politicians”, economic difficulties, the pleasures of life and the great moral principles of social life. The metaphor found in Mozambican Portuguese generally obeys the parameters of the metaphor: the concrete serves as a basis for abstract things, the physically perceptible is transferred mentally and contemplates all verbal categories: names and verbs, adjectives and phraseologies, idiomatic expressions and proverbs. The semic and classematic aspects are object of unexpected transferences. It is a new ontology in constant gestation.
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El Refaie, Elisabeth. "Cross-modal resonances in creative multimodal metaphors." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 11, no. 2 (2013): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.11.2.02elr.
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This article uses examples of multimodal metaphors from three different genres in order to develop a new understanding of the nature of creativity in metaphor. I argue that multimodality provides distinctive opportunities for metaphor creativity by exploiting the unique affordances of the different semiotic modes and the possibility of combining them in unexpected ways. Such innovation at the level of representation may encourage novel thought patterns, I suggest, even in such cases where the underlying metaphorical mappings are relatively conventional. The notion of “cross-modal resonances” is introduced to emphasize the role of unconscious, preverbal, intuitive understanding and the emotions in producing and interpreting creative multimodal metaphors.
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Tippett, J. "Participatory planning in river catchments, an innovative toolkit tested in Southern Africa and North West England." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 9 (2005): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0296.
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The European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) offers an unparalleled opportunity for improving river basin management. Active participation is essential for its delivery. “End-of-pipe” solutions will not deliver the improvements needed to achieve its ambitious goals. This research tested DesignWays, a toolkit for participatory planning, as a mechanism for maximizing the long-term social and environmental benefits of such stakeholder and community participation. It examined the emerging role of “planning for sustainability” in the context of river catchments. Sustainable management of water requires integration, and recognition of interconnections between systems at different levels of scale. This is an endeavour in which systems thinking provides useful tools. The development of DesignWays was a conscious attempt to embed ‘new paradigm’ living systems metaphors into a practical planning tool. This paper begins with a description of DesignWays and its development in Southern Africa. An outline of the context of the action research in North-West England is followed by a description of the stages of the process, with highlights of the outcomes. This research had two major outcomes: a contribution to theory through an in-depth exploration of the theoretical basis of participatory, ecologically informed design; and a contribution to practice through investigating DesignWays' potential to meet key challenges of the WFD. This research points to the importance of understanding participatory planning as a societal process, aiming to make the process engaging and meaningful. It has pointed to the need to see participatory planning and education for sustainability as an integrated process. It demonstrated the benefits of an iterative process in which planning at the landscape level of scale informs, and is informed by, work at the site level. It has shown that an approach consistent with a living systems paradigm can contribute to the development of more integrated, ecologically sound plans.
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Segal-Engelchin, Dorit, Ephrat Huss, and Najlaa Massry. "Arts-Based Methodology for Knowledge Co-Production in Social Work." British Journal of Social Work 50, no. 4 (2019): 1277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz098.
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Abstract In this article, we aim to describe and demonstrate the use of a methodology for using arts-based techniques to co-produce knowledge with community members, thus making it accessible at both the theoretical and practice levels for social workers and social work educators. In this methodology, the arts are used not as a diagnostic tool or as fine art, but rather as a trigger for a reflective and socially critical dialogue with community members, with the aim of understanding how they experience their life situation. The proposed methodology includes three central compositional elements of art analyses: the inter-relationship between figure and background within a composition, the recourses and obstacles included in the picture background and the use of symbols and metaphors. The present manuscript illustrates this innovative analytical prism, providing examples of images and explanatory narratives of engaged and married young Muslim women in Israel, as self-defined by the participants rather than as an external anthropology. We further outline the implications of this methodology for other cases.
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Baş, Melike, and Betul Bal Gezegin. "Metaphors of English as a foreign language." Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 7, no. 1 (2017): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v7i1.2403.
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Abstract 
 
 This study aims at investigating the conceptual metaphors of students on English as a foreign language. Participants are students of English (n=80) at Amasya University preparatory classes. Students’ metaphors are collected via metaphor elicitation sheets with the prompt “English is like ... because ...” and analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings reveal a variety of underlying conceptualizations that reflect different individual mappings across conceptual domains such as PRODUCT, INNOVATION, INSTRUMENT, HARDSHIP, NEED, OBLIGATION and JOURNEY. The results show that students generally have positive views on English as a foreign language, and they consider it as a necessity in their lives. The study is significant in the sense that it emphasizes the use of metaphor as an efficient cognitive tool to better grasp students’ beliefs of their foreign language. Additionally, it provides an opportunity for the teachers to better understand how language students perceive English as a foreign language.
 Keywords: Foreign language teaching, English, metaphor.
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Cornelissen, Joep P., Cliff Oswick, Lars Thøger Christensen, and Nelson Phillips. "Metaphor in Organizational Research: Context, Modalities and Implications for Research — Introduction." Organization Studies 29, no. 1 (2008): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840607086634.
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We provide a general overview of previous work which has explored the use of metaphors in organizational research. Differences in focus and form of research on metaphors are noted. Work in organization theory (OT) and organizational communication (OC) generally features prescriptive metaphors that aid the practice of theorizing and research; research in organizational development (OD) tends to use metaphors for intervention in individual and group decision-making; while studies of organizational behaviour (OB) emphasize the metaphors-in-use within individuals' sensemaking accounts of critical events within their organization. Alongside these differences in focus, the form of metaphor analysis also differs across these contexts, ranging from text- and discourse-based analysis to the analysis of non-linguistic modalities such as pictorial signs, gestures and artefacts. Based on our overview of previous work, we call for greater attention to methodological issues around metaphor identification and analysis and outline a number of directions for further research.
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Knox, Alan. "Creativity and Learning." Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 17, no. 2 (2011): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jace.17.2.9.
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This article explores personal, organisational and societal perspectives on creativity, arts, and adult education. Attention to creativity in the United States has increased during the past century. Fifty years ago, scholars and practitioners interested in the arts and sciences were focused on extraordinary creative achievements. Since then the scope of such interest has expanded from innovative and useful outcomes such as paintings and inventions, to include characteristics of very creative people, their ways of working, and various influences. The scope has also broadened from a few outstanding examples to increasingly include all people and their lifelong learning in a society in which change and learning have become widespread. This article demonstrates how creative adult education can help enhance the creativity of all people in all aspects of their life. I combine my parallel experience in art and adult education to explore the beneficiaries of art; characteristics of artists; venues where creative activity takes place; and how appreciation is shown for creative endeavours. I also use artistic metaphors and combine a review of trends regarding major writings about creativity, with personal reflections about future directions to strengthen attention to creativity in adult education.
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Onchoke, Aunga Solomon, and Okwako Eric. "Bribe and Bribery Labeling in Kenyan Anti-Corruption Discourse: A Conceptual Metaphor Perspective." Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 15, no. 1 (2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v15i1.25063.
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Corruption in Kenya has been a particularly large problem since its independence from British rule in 1963. This paper explores the motivation behind a cultural specific metaphor of bribe and bribery labeling in Kenya as seen from the conceptual metaphor viewpoint. The study identifies and explains the different terms relating to a bribe and bribery, describes social-cultural values in Kenya, and accounts for the cognitive processes involved in their interpretation. The data includes a list of terms collected from traffic police officers, public transport workers and commuters from different parts of Kenya. These metaphors were identified by the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) created by Pragglejaz Group (2007) and analyzed using the Cognitive Metaphor Theory from Lakoff and Johnson (1987). The results reveal that language spoken by a society is an essential part of its culture, and the lexical distinctions drawn by each language reflect culturally important features of objects, foods, institutions, games, air we breathe and other activities in the society in which the language operates. We argue that conceptual metaphors are conduits of communication, and it is prudent to apply the cognitive linguistic approach for their better contextual appreciation. This paper concludes by suggesting further avenues for research into socio-cultural metaphors, and by calling for the government to innovate new ways of fighting corruption because the players have invented ingenious ways of communicating about it metaphorically beyond comprehension for a lay person.
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Rappaport, Jack M., Stephen B. Richter, and Dennis T. Kennedy. "A Strategic Perspective on Using Symbolic Transformation in STEM Education." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 7, no. 1 (2016): 39–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2016010103.
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This paper describes and implements an innovative model for teaching Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) that enhances the decision making process of students considering a major or a career in STEM fields. The model can also be used as a decision making tool for educators interested in stressing the importance of STEM for career enhancement and for society as a whole. The model creates analogies and metaphors for various STEM topics using the contents of popular music videos. Theories of neuroscience, the interdisciplinary study of the nervous system, are used to describe and validate our decision making model. Concepts such as, embodied cognition, mirror neurons and the connection between emotion and cognition, are used to explain how the brain processes the information and multi-modal stimuli generated by our model. The model was implemented using the topic of automated decision processes in robotics and automation with a group of university and high school students and teachers. The impact of the model was evaluated using the National Science Foundation (NSF) frameworks for evaluating informal science projects. The results indicate that the model using symbolic transformation to teach STEM can have a significant impact on students' attitude towards STEM and the decision making process about their careers.
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Wildgoose, Jane. "FINIS: Objects of the End of Time, Afterlife Writing and Situation of Graves." European Journal of Life Writing 9 (July 6, 2020): LW&D313—LW&D343. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ejlw.9.36912.
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Focusing on Hogarth’s last graphic work, The Bathos, this essay examines the ways in which the vanitas themes it represents are bound up with events that occurred towards the end of the artist’s life. Drawing on life writing (including elements of Hogarth’s autobiographical notes) that accompanied the cataloguing of his works in the years following his death, it discusses a number of controversies that drew scathing criticism of his work, his character, his politics, his ideas about English art and his standing as an artist, during his final years. Focusing on textual and visual images employed by Hogarth’s detractors to belittle him, it explores how these metaphors may be connected with the iconography he employed in The Bathos, and the extent to which the work may be ‘read’ as a representation of the artist himself, and his view of his reputation at the end of his career. Contrasting the pessimistic image Hogarth presents in his final work with the afterlife writing of his achievements by his contemporaries, it concludes with reflection on the role that his grave continues to play in celebrating his life and his status as one of the most talented and innovative artists of the eighteenth century.