Academic literature on the topic 'Inorganic binder systems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Inorganic binder systems"
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Conev, M., I. Vasková, M. Hrubovčáková, and P. Hajdúch. "Decoring Behaviour of Chosen Moulding Materials with Alkali Silicate Based Inorganic Binders." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0105.
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Abstract This paper contains basic information about new processes for cores for cylinder heads production with alkali silicate based inorganic binders. Inorganic binders are coming back to the foreground due to their ecologically friendly nature and new technologies for cores production and new binder systems were developed. Basically these binder systems are modified alkali silicates and therefore they carry some well-known unfavourable properties with their usage. To compensate these disadvantages, the binder systems are working with additives which are most often in powder form and are added in the moulding material. This paper deals with decoring behaviour of different moulding sands as well as the influence of chosen additives on knock-out properties in laboratory terms. For this purpose, specific methods of specimen production are described. Developed methods are then used to compare decoring behaviour of chosen sands and binder systems.
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Hopp, Vanessa, Ali Masoudi Alavi, Dominik Hahn, and Peter Quirmbach. "Structure–Property Functions of Inorganic Chemical Binders for Refractories." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 4636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164636.
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For refractory application, amongst others, inorganic chemical binders are used to shape and process loose, unpacked materials. The binder influences the chemical composition within the ceramic body during setting, aging and firing and thus the finally reached properties of the refractory material. For an effective design of tailored materials with required properties, the mode of action of the binder systems should carefully be investigated. A combination of both structure analysis techniques and macroscopic property investigations proved to be a powerful tool for a detailed description of structure–property correlations. This is shown on the basis of X-ray powder diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses combined with observation of (thermo)mechanical and chemical investigations.
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Bobrowski, A., M. Holtzer, S. Żymankowska-Kumon, and R. Dańko. "Harmfulness Assessment of Moulding Sands with a Geopolymer Binder and a New Hardener, in An Aspect of the Emission of Substances from the Btex Group." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0056.
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Abstract The harmfulness assessment of moulding sands with a geopolymer binder and a new hardener, in an aspect of the emission of substances from the BTEX group, was performed. Within the expedience project the new series of hardeners for the inorganic GEOPOL binder was developed. Before the introduction of the new system of moulding sands it was necessary to estimate their influence on the environment. To this aim the gasses emission from moulding sands subjected to the influence of liquid cast iron was tested with regard to the content of the gases from the BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes). For the comparison the analogous investigations of the up to now applied moulding sands with the geopolymer binder, were performed. It was found that both systems of moulding sands binding emit similar amounts of gases, as well as similar amounts of substances from the BTEX group. Moulding sands with the GEOPOL binder are much more environmentally friendly than moulding sands with organic binders. The content of the BTEX group substances in gases emitted from moulding sands with the GEOPOL binder was approximately 10-times lower than in case of the moulding sands with organic binders.
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Otsuki, Akira, and Neil Lonio Hayagan. "Zeta potential of inorganic fine particle—Na‐bentonite binder mixture systems." ELECTROPHORESIS 41, no. 16-17 (July 26, 2020): 1405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.202000136.
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Royer, Alexandre, Jean Claude Gelin, and Thierry Barrière. "Development and Characterization of Polymer Mixture (Binder) Based on Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) for a Superalloy A-286 to Powder Injection Moulding (MIM) Process." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.824.
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Metal injection moulding (MIM) has over the past decade established itself as a competitive manufacturing process to produce in large quantities small precision components with complex shape which would be costly to produce by alternative methods. In this process, during the injection phase, segregation appears in the feedstock and defects will be appears in the component during the sintering. To limit this effect, during decades a vast variety of binder systems have been developed. Binder systems are formulated as a mixture of different organic or inorganic substances with several functions. Binder system has the main commitments of giving the necessary rheological behavior to the feedstocks for injection moulding to transport the powder particles into the mould cavity and the cohesion of the green part.In this paper a study of the behavior of binders based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and feedstocks based on superalloy A-286 powder were investigated by Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) coupling with rheology. This methodology permits to compare the rheological behavior of the materials with the thermal behavior of the binder at a temperature close to the temperature of injection. Analyzes was made for the mixing and injection process. It is shows relationship between interactions and miscibility of polymer and influences on the rheological and mechanical behavior. All methodologies revealed no chemical interactions between the powder and the binder. This result shows the formulation of binder for the superalloy A-286 is not homogenous and the PEG is degraded under mixing and injection process conditions of this kind of formulation of feedstock.
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Merta, Václav, Jaroslav Beňo, Tomáš Obzina, Filip Radkovský, Ivana Kroupová, Petr Lichý, Martin Folta, Kamila Janovská, Isabel Nguyenová, and Miroslav Dostál. "Innovative Inorganic Binder Systems for the Production of Cores for Non-Ferrous Metal Alloys Reflecting the Product Quality Requirements." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050733.
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The aim of this study is the evaluation of the parameters of core mixtures using different binder systems with regard to the collapsibility of cores after casting and the resulting product quality of castings reflecting surface requirements based on non-ferrous alloys. The research compares organically bonded core mixtures based on phenol-formaldehyde resins for the production of cores with the shell molding (resin coated sand), currently used in the production of aluminum alloy castings in the Brembo Czech s.r.o., and mixtures using innovative inorganic binder systems based on geopolymers; GEOPOL® W. The aim of the research is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these binder systems in order to evaluate the potential of inorganically bonded mixtures to replace organically bonded mixtures, which would lead to a significant reduction in the environmental impacts of industrial production of castings.
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Manivannan, Ramalingam, Ivaturi Srikanth, Abhoy Kumar, Anil Kumar, and Challapalli Subrahmanyam. "Reliability studies of gelcast fused silica between organic and inorganic binder systems." International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 14, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijac.12680.
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Bakhtin, Alexander, Nikolay Lyubomirskiy, Tamara Bakhtina, and Vitaliy Nikolaenko. "Investigation of the Various Binders’ Effect on the Lime Binder Carbonate Hardening Process for its Use in Additive Technologies." Materials Science Forum 1011 (September 2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1011.123.
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The obtaining carbonized material experimental studies’ results based on lime carbonate systems by 3D inkjet printing are presented. Some types of materials used as binders for inorganic binders have been studied. An effective method of hardening the model obtained in the 3D printing process is determined. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the prototypes hardened in the carbon dioxide medium or high concentration are determined. It was found that artificial carbonization of the samples obtained on various types of binders for 90 min contributes to the formation of a fairly strong structure of insoluble calcium carbonate, the hydrated lime carbonation product, and the carbonization degree depends on the type of binder and its mass fraction in the solution. The most effective types of binders were selected and the optimal content of the studied binders in the solution was determined.
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Holtzer, M., D. Drożyński, A. Bobrowski, and J. Makselon. "Method of the Moulding Sands Binding Power Assessment in Two-Layer Moulds Systems / Metoda oceny wielkości siły wiązania mas w układzie form dwuwarstwowych." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0033.
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Abstract More and more foundry plants applying moulding sands with water-glass or its substitutes for obtaining the high-quality casting surface at the smallest costs, consider the possibility of implementing two-layer moulds, in which e.g. the facing sand is a sand with an organic binder (no-bake type) and the backing sand is a sand with inorganic binder. Both kinds of sands must have the same chemical reaction. The most often applied system is the moulding sand on the water-glass or geopolymer bases - as the backing sand and the moulding sand from the group of self-hardening sands with a resol resin - as the facing sand. Investigations were performed for the system: moulding sand with inorganic GEOPOL binder or moulding sand with water glass (as a backing sand) and moulding sand, no-bake type, with a resol resin originated from various producers: Rezolit AM, Estrofen, Avenol NB 700 (as a facing sand). The LUZ apparatus, produced by Multiserw Morek, was adapted for investigations. A special partition with cuts was mounted in the attachment for making test specimens for measuring the tensile strength. This partition allowed a simultaneous compaction of two kinds of moulding sands. After 24 hours of hardening the highest values were obtained for the system: Geopol binder - Avenol resin.
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Eliseeva, Svetlana N., Mikhail A. Kamenskii, Elena G. Tolstopyatova, and Veniamin V. Kondratiev. "Effect of Combined Conductive Polymer Binder on the Electrochemical Performance of Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092163.
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The electrodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are multicomponent systems and their electrochemical properties are influenced by each component, therefore the composition of electrodes should be properly balanced. At the beginning of lithium-ion battery research, most attention was paid to the nature, size, and morphology peculiarities of inorganic active components as the main components which determine the functional properties of electrode materials. Over the past decade, considerable attention has been paid to development of new binders, as the binders have shown great effect on the electrochemical performance of electrodes in LIBs. The study of new conductive binders, in particular water-based binders with enhanced electronic and ionic conductivity, has become a trend in the development of new electrode materials, especially the conversion/alloying-type anodes. This mini-review provides a summary on the progress of current research of the effects of binders on the electrochemical properties of intercalation electrodes, with particular attention to the mechanisms of binder effects. The comparative analysis of effects of three different binders (PEDOT:PSS/CMC, CMC, and PVDF) for a number of oxide-based and phosphate-based positive and negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries was performed based on literature and our own published research data. It reveals that the combined PEDOT:PSS/CMC binder can be considered as a versatile component of lithium-ion battery electrode materials (for both positive and negative electrodes), effective in the wide range of electrode potentials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inorganic binder systems"
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Skřivánková, Vendula. "Výzkum fázového rozhraní zrno - geopolymerní pojivo u křemenných i nekřemenných ostřiv." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231482.
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Presented thesis deals with monitoring of the properties of the interface between opening materials and geopolymer binder using three quartz and four non quartz opening materials. There is observed mainly the type of destruction of connective bridges. The theoretical part of the thesis briefly summarizes commonly used methods in foundries and monitors experience with implementation of geopolymers in different foundries. The practical part monitors shape of the grains of the chosen opening materials. There are writed down the results from the measurement of the bending strength and workability and there is observed the type of destruction of connective bridges.
Books on the topic "Inorganic binder systems"
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ASTM International Committee C01 on Cement and ASTM International Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, eds. Geopolymer binder systems. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Inorganic binder systems"
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Jordan, Robert B. "Bioinorganic Systems." In Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195301007.003.0010.
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The field of bioinorganic chemistry has grown tremendously in the past 25 years. Much of the work is concerned with establishing the coordination site, ligand geometry and metal oxidation state in biologically active systems. The field also extends to the preparation and characterization of simpler model complexes that mimic the spectroscopic properties and perhaps some of the reactivity of the biological system. Much of this characterization work must precede meaningful mechanistic studies. Williams has provided an interesting overview of metal ions in biology from an inorganic perspective. There are several early review series and specialized journals devoted to the subject, and a recent issue of Chemical Reviews is devoted to the area. There also are several books covering general aspects of the subject. The field is so large and the systems are so individualistic that it is necessary, for the purposes of a text such as this, to choose a few sample systems as illustrative of the mechanistic achievements and problems. Studies of bioinorganic systems inevitably use some terminology from biochemistry which may be unfamiliar to an inorganic chemist. The examples in this Chapter are all metalloenzymes which catalyze some process. Clearly they contain a metal, but there are other components of an enzyme, and terms used to describe these are summarized as follows: An apoenzyme is a polypeptide whose composition, peptide sequence and structure depend on the biological source of the metalloenzyme. Typically, the molar mass of the polypeptide is in the range of 1.5-5xl05 daltons. The polypeptide is folded into coils and sheets whose shape is determined by electrostatics and hydrogen bonding. These terms designate the same type of component, but one or the other is used more commonly for a particular system. This is a nonprotein component which binds to the apoenzyme to produce the active catalyst. It is not covalently bonded to the apoenzyme and can be removed by relatively mild denaturation of the polypeptide. Common bioinorganic examples are coenzyme B12, discussed in Section 8.3, and Zn(II) in carbonic anhydrase, discussed in Section 8.4. A prosthetic group is analogous to a coenzyme except that a prosthetic group is believed to be covalently bonded to the apoenzyme.
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Kumar, Ashok, Utkarsh Dixit, Kaman Singh, Satya Prakash Gupta, and Mirza S. Jamal Beg. "Structure and Properties of Dyes and Pigments." In Dyes and Pigments - Novel Applications and Waste Treatment. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97104.
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Colour is one of the elements of nature that makes human life more aesthetic and fascinating in the world. Plants, animals, and minerals have been used as primary sources for colourants, dyes or pigments since ancient times. In our daily life, we know about many substances which have specific colours. These are the substances which are used as colourants i.e.; colour imparting species. Both dyes and pigments are coloured as they absorb only some wavelength of visible light. Their structures have Aryl rings that have delocalized electron systems. These structures are said to be responsible for the absorption of electromagnetic radiation that has varying wavelengths, based upon the energy of the electron clouds. Dyes are coloured organic compounds that are used to impart colour to various substrates, including paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs, cosmetics, waxes, greases, plastics and textile materials. A Dye is a coloured compound due to the presence of chromophore and its fixed property to the acid or basic groups such as OH, SO3H, NH2, NR2, etc. The polar auxochrome makes the dye water-soluble and binds the dye to the fabric by interaction with the oppositely charged groups of the fabric structure. Pigments are organic and inorganic compounds which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated. Dyes and pigments are the most important colourants used to add colour or to change the colour of something. They are widely used in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, plastics, paint, ink, photographic and paper industries. This chapter is devoted to the structure and properties of dyes and pigments.
Conference papers on the topic "Inorganic binder systems"
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Thoma, M., and M. Morant. "Slurry Coating Systems for Low and High Temperature Turbine Protection: New Developments." In ASME 1996 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-ta-056.
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Inorganic slurry coatings based on a ceramic binder which contains aluminum or aluminum and silicon are very effective coatings in engines and gas turbines. All these coatings contain much chromic acid, causing health problems when applied by the usual spraying technique. A new generation of slurry coatings with minimized Cr6+ (<0.5% weight) content has been developed. - Ceral 114 systems as Al ceramic overlay coatings for corrosion protection of steel compressor parts. The excellent properties are presented. - Ceral 10 aluminide silicon doped for hot corrosion protection of turbine components made of superalloys. Coating structures and properties are discussed.
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Royer, Alexandre, Jean-Claude Gelin, and Thierry Barrière. "Study of the Degradation of Polyethylene Glycol in Inconel 718 Feedstock During Powder Injection Moulding Process." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9414.
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Metal injection moulding (MIM) has over the past decade established itself as a competitive manufacturing process to produce in large quantities small precision components with complex shape which would be costly to produce by alternative methods (Enneti, 2012). MIM is a process which combines the versatility of plastic injection moulding with the strength and integrity of machined, pressed or otherwise manufactured small, complex metal parts. MIM consist in shaping powder particles in injection process and then sintering them. MIM make use of the plastic moulding concepts to shape powder-polymer feedstock into the required geometry. During the injection phase, segregation appears in the feedstock and defects will be appear in the component during the sintering. To limit this effect a vast variety of binder systems have been developed (Enneti, 2012) to improve the homogeneity of feedstocks and limit segregation. Binder is formulated as a mixture of different organic or inorganic substances with several functions. Binder has the main commitments of giving the necessary rheological behavior to the feedstocks for injection moulding to transport the powder particles into the mould cavity and the cohesion of the green part (Enneti, 2012). The goal of this study is to characterize and understand the chemical behavior of feedstocks during the phases of mixing and injection. First the binder was studied. Then based on these results the characterization of the feedstock was made. For this a study of the chemical behavior and interactions on feedstocks based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Inconel 718 powder was investigated by Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) (Hidalgo et al., 2013). That methodology was also investigated to study the thermal behavior of the binder at a temperature close to the temperature of mixing and injection. Analyzes shows the thermal degradation of the PEG is not affect by the components of the feedstocks. No chemical interactions between the powder and the binder are revealed. The thermal degradation of the PEG appears during the mixing process and change the rheological behavior of the binder. This result shows the necessity to develop another formulation of binder to preserve the PEG.
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Sneha, S. S., and K. P. Ramaswamy. "A Comprehensive Review on the Mechanism of Concrete Deterioration in Accelerated Aggressive Environment." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.40.
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Concrete is being extensively utilized for the constructional and other allied works on account of its versatility and mechanical properties. However, it exists to be in a state of disequilibrium with its ambient environment owing to its universal alkaline nature and hence is susceptible to deterioration when exposed to aggressive environments. The reactive species emanating from chemical plants, fertiliser industries, marine water, agro-food industries etc., produce detrimental effects on the concrete structures through the dissolution of calcium bearing phases from the hydrated matrix. This degradation culminates in decalcification, volumetric expansion, salt crystallisation, micro-cracking, surface scaling, delamination, spalling and corrosion. Diffusivity, capillary porosity, permeability, chemical nature of hydrated matrix and pore network are the parameters that influence the chemical mechanism of concrete degradation. The mechanism of concrete degradation is distinct for various aggressive species and its fair comprehension remains as one of the challenges in accomplishing the durability based concrete design. This paper critically reviews the basic mechanism of the concrete deterioration in accelerated aggressive environment of mineral acids, organic acids and inorganic salts. In addition to this, a glimpse of the effect of degradation on different binder systems viz., Ordinary Portland Cement system, blended cement system, special cement system and alkali activated system is provided.
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Fachinger, Johannes, Karl-Heinz Grosse, Richard Seemann, and Milan Hrovat. "Impermeable Graphite: A New Development for Embedding Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40163.
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The natural occurrence of graphite proves its geological stability over long time periods and therefore it could be considered as a matrix for embedding radioactive waste. However its porous structure affects the possible use of graphite as long term stable waste matrix for final disposal. Aqueous phases can penetrate the pore system and radionuclides adsorbed on the surface can be leached. Furthermore slow corrosion in aquatic phases can be induced by high irradiation dose rates in the range of 10−5 to 10−7 gm−2d−1. Therefore radiation induced corrosion process cannot be neglected in geological time scales. These problems can be solved with a graphite material with a closed pore system. A graphite composite material with an inorganic binder has been developed with a density > 99.7% of theoretical density and a negligible porosity. An initial calculation predicts that the life time of the graphite will be at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than porous graphite. This material represents a long term stable leaching resistant matrix applicable for the embedding of irradiated graphite (i-graphite). Natural graphite can be added to improve the compaction behavior and mechanical properties. Additional applications could be the embedding of other radioactive wastes in this matrix.
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Denton, Mark S., and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis. "Innovative Highly Selective Removal of Cesium and Strontium Utilizing a Newly Developed Class of Inorganic Ion Specific Media." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16221.
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Highly selective removal of Cesium and Strontium is critical for waste treatment and environmental remediation. Cesium-137 is a beta-gamma emitter and Strontium-90 is a beta emitter with respective half-lives of 30 and 29 years. Both elements are present at many nuclear sites. Cesium and Strontium can be found in wastewaters at Washington State’s Hanford Site, as well as in wastestreams of many Magnox reactor sites. Cesium and Strontium are found in the Reactor Coolant System of light water reactors at nuclear power plants. Both elements are also found in spent nuclear fuel and in high-level waste (HLW) at DOE sites. Cesium and Strontium are further major contributors to the activity and the heat load. Therefore, technologies to extract Cesium and Strontium are critical for environmental remediation waste treatment and dose minimization. Radionuclides such as Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 are key drivers of liquid waste classification at light water reactors and within the DOE tank farm complexes. The treatment, storage, and disposal of these wastes represents a major cost for nuclear power plant operators, and comprises one of the most challenging technology-driven projects for the DOE Environmental Management (EM) program. Extraction technologies to remove Cesium and Strontium have been an active field of research. Four notable extraction technologies have been developed so far for HLW: solvent extraction, prussian blue, crystalline silicotitanate (CST) and organic ion-exchangers (e.g., resorcinol formaldehyde and SuperLig). The use of one technology over another depends on the specific application. For example, the waste treatment plant (WTP) at Hanford is planning on using a highly-selective organic ion-exchange resin to remove Cesium and Strontium. Such organic ion-exchangers use molecular recognition to selectively bind to Cesium and Strontium. However, these organic ion-exchangers are synthesized using multi-step organic synthesis. The associated cost to synthesize organic ion-exchangers is prohibitive and seriously limits the scope of applications for organic ion-exchangers. Further issues include resin swelling, potential hydrogen generation and precluding final disposal by vitrification without further issues. An alternative to these issues of organic ion-exchangers is emerging. Inorganic ion-exchangers offer a superior chemical, thermal and radiation stability which is simply not achievable with organic compounds. They can be used to remove both Cesium as well as Strontium with a high level of selectivity under a broad pH range. Inorganic ion-exchangers can operate at acidic pH where protons inhibit ion exchange in alternative technologies such as CST. They can also be used at high pH which is typically found in conditions present in many nuclear waste types. For example, inorganic ion-exchangers have shown significant Strontium uptake from pH 1.9 to 14. In contrast to organic ion-exchangers, inorganic ion-exchangers are not synthesized via complex multi-step organic synthesis. Therefore, inorganic ion-exchangers are substantially more cost-effective when compared to organic ion-exchangers as well as CST. Selective removal of specified isotopes through ion exchange is a common and proven treatment method for liquid waste, yet various aspects of existing technologies leave room for improvement with respect to both cost and effectiveness. We demonstrate a novel class of inorganic ion-exchangers for the selective removal of cesium and strontium (with future work planned for uranium removal), the first of a growing family of patent-pending, potentially elutable, and paramagnetic ion-exchange materials [1]. These highly selective inorganic ion-exchangers display strong chemical, thermal and radiation stability, and can be readily synthesized from low-cost materials, making them a promising alternative to organic ion-exchange resins and crystalline silicotitanate (CST). By nature, these inorganic media lend themselves more readily to volume reduction (VR) by vitrification without the issues faced with organic resins. In fact, with a simple melting of the KMS-1 media at 650–670 deg. C (i.e., well below the volatilization temperature of Cs, Sr, Mn, Fe, Sb, etc.), a VR of 4:1 was achieved. With true pyrolysis at higher temperatures or by vitrification, this VR would be much higher. The introduction of this new family of highly specific ion-exchange agents has potential to both reduce the cost of waste processing, and enable improved waste-classification management in both nuclear power plants (for the separation of Class A from B/C wastes) and DOE tank farms [for the separation of low level waste (LLW) from high level waste (HLW)]. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time a novel inorganic ion-exchanger for the selective removal of Cesium and Strontium. These inorganic ion-exchangers are chemical, thermal and radiation stable. These inorganic ion-exchangers can be synthesized in a cost-effective way which makes them significantly more effective than organic ion-exchange resin and CST. Finally, new thermal options are afforded for their final volume reduction, storage and disposal.
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Barhorst, A. A., O. P. Harrison, and G. D. Bachand. "Modeling Elasto-Mechanical Phenomena Involved in the Motor-Driven Assembly of Nanomaterials." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34175.
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As the ability to manipulate materials and components at the nanoscale continues to grow, it will become increasingly critical to understand the dynamic interactions that occur among multiple components. For example, the dynamic interactions among proteins (i.e., nanoscale molecular machines) lead to complex, emergent behaviors such as photosynthesis, self-repair, and cell division. Recently, the research group at Sandia National Labs and The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), headed by George Bachand, has developed a molecular transport system capable of transporting and manipulating a wide range of nanoscale components. This system is based on the kinesin motor molecule and cytoskeletal filament microtubules (MTs), in which the kinesin are mounted to a substrate in an inverted fashion, and capable of binding and transporting the MTs across a surface as a molecular shuttle. In the presence of ATP, the kinesins are capable of generating ∼40 pN·nm of work, and transporting MTs along the substrate at velocities of ∼1 micro-m/sec. The MTs may also serve as a transport platform for various inorganic and biological nanoparticles. During transport, the cargo is transferred, via elastic collisions, from one MT to another or to where two MT carry a single cargo. Bending of the MT and various other elasto-dynamic phenomena such as particle ejection, MT sticking, etc are observed via fluorescence microscopy. The interaction observed by the Bachand team is not unlike the interaction of macroscale devices. The kinesin provide motivation to the MT via a hand-over-hand ratchet like motion driven by ATP hydrolysis. As the kinesin motor domains come into contact with and bind the MT, it is not inconceivable to think of this action from the framework of instantly applied constraints in a manner similar to the macroscopic action of devices coming into and out of constrained interaction. The hypothesis of our work is that the elasto-dynamic phenomenon observed can be modeled with the tools of multiple body dynamics modeling. The modeling perspective is based on the lead author’s hybrid parameter multiple body dynamics modeling methodology. This technique is a variational approach based on the projection methods of Gibbs-Appell. The constrained interaction through contact and impact are modeled with the idea of instantly applied non-holonomic constraints, where the interactions on the boundaries and in the domain of elastic continua are modeled via projections of the d’Alembert force deficit along conjugate directions generated via so called pseudo-generalized-speeds. In this paper we present motivation for our approach, the underlying modeling theory, and current results of our efforts at understanding the kinesin/MT shuttle system interaction.