Relevant bibliographies by topics / Inorganic scintillators

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Inorganic scintillators'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Inorganic scintillators"

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Min, Sujung, Hara Kang, Bumkyung Seo, JaeHak Cheong, Changhyun Roh, and Sangbum Hong. "A Review of Nanomaterial Based Scintillators." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 7701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227701.

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Recently, nanomaterial-based scintillators are newly emerging technologies for many research fields, including medical imaging, nuclear security, nuclear decommissioning, and astronomical applications, among others. To date, scintillators have played pivotal roles in the development of modern science and technology. Among them, plastic scintillators have a low atomic number and are mainly used for beta-ray measurements owing to their low density, but these types of scintillators can be manufactured not in large sizes but also in various forms with distinct properties and characteristics. However, the plastic scintillator is mainly composed of C, H, O and N, implying that the probability of a photoelectric effect is low. In a gamma-ray nuclide analysis, they are used for time-related measurements given their short luminescence decay times. Generally, inorganic scintillators have relatively good scintillation efficiency rates and resolutions. And there are thus widely used in gamma-ray spectroscopy. Therefore, developing a plastic scintillator with performance capabilities similar to those of an inorganic scintillator would mean that it could be used for detection and monitoring at radiological sites. Many studies have reported improved performance outcomes of plastic scintillators based on nanomaterials, exhibiting high-performance plastic scintillators or flexible film scintillators using graphene, perovskite, and 2D materials. Furthermore, numerous fabrication methods that improve the performance through the doping of nanomaterials on the surface have been introduced. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of the findings pertaining to nanomaterial-based scintillators to gain a better understanding of radiological detection technological applications.
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Dhillon, Jasjot Singh, and Yogesh K. Vermani. "Gamma-Ray Interaction of Selected Inorganic Scintillators Used in HEP Experiments." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1221, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1221/1/012002.

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Abstract We attempted to study gamma-ray attenuation and sensing properties of conventional and modern inorganic scintillators being employed in the high energy physics (HEP) experiments. The mass attenuation coefficient (μm ), effective atomic number (Zeff ) and mean free path (mfp)were theoretically evaluated for the conventional scintillators materials such as CsI and NaI (Tl) and compared with advanced scintillator materials: PWO, PbF2, and BGO along with rare earth elements based scintillators such as LYSO:Ce, LuAG:Ce, BaF2:Y which have been proposed for applications in the future HEP experiments. Thegamma-ray attenuation parameters are analyzed within the framework of online software toolkit ‘py-MULBF’ over wide photon energy range from 0.015 MeV to 15 MeV.Variationof μm (and, Zeff ) with photon energy follows a trend similar for most of the inorganic scintillator materialsinvestigated here.CsI, however, maintained almost same effective atomic number value with respect to photon energy which signifies that CsI may be suitable for specific gamma-ray detection and sensing applications. Lead-based scintillator materials such as PbF2, PWO along with high-Z BGO are observed to exhibit better radiation attenuation capabilities.
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Kim, Chanho, Wonhi Lee, Alima Melis, Abdallah Elmughrabi, Kisung Lee, Chansun Park, and Jung-Yeol Yeom. "A Review of Inorganic Scintillation Crystals for Extreme Environments." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060669.

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In the past, the main research and use of scintillators in extreme environments were mainly limited to high energy physics and the well-logging industry, but their applications are now expanding to reactor monitoring systems, marine and space exploration, nuclear fusion, radiation therapy, etc. In this article, we review and summarize single-crystal inorganic scintillator candidates that can be applied to radiation detection in extreme environments. Crucial scintillation properties to consider for use in extreme environments are temperature dependence and radiation resistance, along with scintillators’ susceptibility to moisture and mechanical shock. Therefore, we report on performance change, with a focus on radiation resistance and temperature dependence, and the availability of inorganic scintillator for extreme environments—high radiation, temperature, humidity and vibration—according to their applications. In addition, theoretical explanations for temperature dependence and radiation resistance are also provided.
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Kumar, Vineet, and Zhiping Luo. "A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials." Photonics 8, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030071.

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Scintillator materials convert high-energy radiation into photons in the ultraviolet to visible light region for radiation detection. In this review, advances in X-ray emission dynamics of inorganic scintillators are presented, including inorganic halides (alkali-metal halides, alkaline-earth halides, rare-earth halides, oxy-halides, rare-earth oxyorthosilicates, halide perovskites), oxides (binary oxides, complex oxides, post-transition metal oxides), sulfides, rare-earth doped scintillators, and organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators. The origin of scintillation is strongly correlated to the host material and dopants. Current models are presented describing the scintillation decay lifetime of inorganic materials, with the emphasis on the short-lived scintillation decay component. The whole charge generation and the de-excitation process are analyzed in general, and an essential role of the decay kinetics is the de-excitation process. We highlighted three decay mechanisms in cross luminescence emission, exitonic emission, and dopant-activated emission, respectively. Factors regulating the origin of different luminescence centers controlling the decay process are discussed.
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Gramuglia, Francesco, Simone Frasca, Emanuele Ripiccini, Esteban Venialgo, Valentin Gâté, Hind Kadiri, Nicolas Descharmes, Daniel Turover, Edoardo Charbon, and Claudio Bruschini. "Light Extraction Enhancement Techniques for Inorganic Scintillators." Crystals 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040362.

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Scintillators play a key role in the detection chain of several applications which rely on the use of ionizing radiation, and it is often mandatory to extract and detect the generated scintillation light as efficiently as possible. Typical inorganic scintillators do however feature a high index of refraction, which impacts light extraction efficiency in a negative way. Furthermore, several applications such as preclinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) rely on pixelated scintillators with small pitch. In this case, applying reflectors on the crystal pixel surface, as done conventionally, can have a dramatic impact of the packing fraction and thus the overall system sensitivity. This paper presents a study on light extraction techniques, as well as combinations thereof, for two of the most used inorganic scintillators (LYSO and BGO). Novel approaches, employing Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs), metal coatings, and a modified Photonic Crystal (PhC) structure, are described in detail and compared with commonly used techniques. The nanostructure of the PhC is surrounded by a hybrid organic/inorganic silica sol-gel buffer layer which ensures robustness while maintaining its performance unchanged. We observed in particular a maximum light gain of about 41% on light extraction and 21% on energy resolution for BGO, a scintillator which has gained interest in the recent past due to its prompt Cherenkov component and lower cost.
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Braddock, Isabel H. B., Maya Al Sid Cheikh, Joydip Ghosh, Roma E. Mulholland, Joseph G. O’Neill, Vlad Stolojan, Carol Crean, Stephen J. Sweeney, and Paul J. Sellin. "Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocomposite Scintillators." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132141.

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While there is great demand for effective, affordable radiation detectors in various applications, many commonly used scintillators have major drawbacks. Conventional inorganic scintillators have a fixed emission wavelength and require expensive, high-temperature synthesis; plastic scintillators, while fast, inexpensive, and robust, have low atomic numbers, limiting their X-ray stopping power. Formamidinium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals show promise as scintillators due to their high X-ray attenuation coefficient and bright luminescence. Here, we used a room-temperature, solution-growth method to produce mixed-halide FAPbX3 (X = Cl, Br) nanocrystals with emission wavelengths that can be varied between 403 and 531 nm via adjustments to the halide ratio. The substitution of bromine for increasing amounts of chlorine resulted in violet emission with faster lifetimes, while larger proportions of bromine resulted in green emission with increased luminescence intensity. By loading FAPbBr3 nanocrystals into a PVT-based plastic scintillator matrix, we produced 1 mm-thick nanocomposite scintillators, which have brighter luminescence than the PVT-based plastic scintillator alone. While nanocomposites such as these are often opaque due to optical scattering from aggregates of the nanoparticles, we used a surface modification technique to improve transmission through the composites. A composite of FAPbBr3 nanocrystals encapsulated in inert PMMA produced even stronger luminescence, with intensity 3.8× greater than a comparative FAPbBr3/plastic scintillator composite. However, the luminescence decay time of the FAPbBr3/PMMA composite was more than 3× slower than that of the FAPbBr3/plastic scintillator composite. We also demonstrate the potential of these lead halide perovskite nanocomposite scintillators for low-cost X-ray imaging applications.
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Grynyov, Boris, Narine Gurdzhian, Olga Zelenskaya, Larisa Mitcay, and Vladimir Tarasov. "Energy technical light output of scintillators – problems of assessment and an alternative method for their solution." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2022.258813.

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The paper analyzes the problems that arise when assessing the energy technical light output by existing methods. A modern alternative method for assessing the energy technical light output of various scintillators produced by the Institute of Scintillation Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is described. The possibility of evaluating the technical light output of any scintillator by relative comparison with a reference stilbene-based scintillator with a known technical light output is shown. The resulting ratio of responses is recalculated in ph/MeV by taking into account the technical light output of the reference scintillator, equal to 0.023, and the photon formation energy of a particular scintillator. The estimation procedure is described. Expressions are given for calculating the values of the technical light yield of scintillators in stilbene units and in ph/MeV. The radioluminescence spectra of the tested scintillators are compared with the sensitivity spectra of the normalized and laboratory photodetectors. The technical light yield of scintillators based on single crystals of NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), CWO, BGO, p-terphenyl, anthracene, stilbene, and a plastic scintillator has been estimated. The values of the responses amplitudes ratio, the spectral normalization coefficients and the tested scintillators technical light output were obtained in stilbene units and in ph/MeV. To check the adequacy of the method the calculation of the tested inorganic scintillators absolute light output was carried out using the light collection coefficients values given in the literature. It is shown that with an increase in the scintillators technical light output, in stilbene units, from 0.26 for BGO to 4.3 for NaI(Tl), their technical light output increases from 2500 ph/MeV to 33100 ph/MeV. A decrease in the scintillation photon energy from 2.988 (l = 415 nm) for NaI(Tl) to 2.214 (l = 560 nm) for CsI(Tl) also increases the technical light output of the latter to 35300 ph/MeV. The performed estimates accuracy of scintillators technical light output was 8%.
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Koshimizu, Masanori. "Composite scintillators based on polymers and inorganic nanoparticles." Functional Materials Letters 13, no. 06 (August 2020): 2030003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604720300030.

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Development of organic–inorganic nanocomposite scintillators as a new class of scintillators is reviewed. Advantages and shortcomings of polymer-based organic scintillators, i.e. plastic scintillators, are described among the desired properties of scintillators. Development of scintillators by addition of organometallic compounds in the plastic scintillators as an approach to overcome the shortcomings is introduced. In comparison to this approach, nanocomposite scintillators comprising plastic scintillators added with inorganic nanoparticles are introduced. The synthesis methods achieved their properties and their applications are reviewed. Finally, possible strategies for further improvement of the properties of the nanocomposite scintillators are presented.
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Kim, Jin Ho, Seunghyeon Kim, Siwon Song, Taeseob Lim, Jae Hyung Park, Jinhong Kim, Cheol Ho Pyeon, Sung Won Hwang, and Bongsoo Lee. "Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Using Inorganic Scintillator Coated with Reduced Graphene Oxide in Fiber-Optic Radiation Sensor." Photonics 8, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120543.

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In this study, we developed a remote gamma-ray spectroscopy system based on a fiber-optic radiation sensor (FORS) that is composed of an inorganic scintillator coated with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and a plastic optical fiber (POF). As a preliminary experiment, we measured the transmitted light intensities using RGO membranes of different thicknesses with different wavelengths of emitted light. To evaluate the FORS performance, we determined the optimal thickness of the RGO membrane and measured the amounts of scintillating light and gamma energy spectra using radioactive isotopes such as 60Co and 137Cs. The amounts of scintillating light from the RGO-coated inorganic scintillators increased, and the energy resolutions of the gamma-ray spectra were enhanced. In addition, the gamma-ray energy spectra were measured using different types of RGO-coated inorganic scintillators depending on the lengths of the POFs for remote gamma-ray spectroscopy. It was expected that inorganic scintillators coated with RGO in FORS can deliver improved performance, such as increments of scintillating light and energy resolution in gamma-ray spectroscopy, and they can be used to identify nuclides remotely in various nuclear facilities.
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Carotenuto, Gianfranco, Angela Longo, Giuseppe Nenna, Ubaldo Coscia, and Mariano Palomba. "Functional Polymeric Coatings for CsI(Tl) Scintillators." Coatings 11, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111279.

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The handling of inorganic scintillators (e.g., alkali metal halides) can benefit from the availability of polymeric materials able to adhere to their surface. Polymeric materials, such as epoxy resins, can act as protective coatings, as adhesives for photodiodes to be connected with the scintillator surface, and as a matrix for functional fillers to improve the optical properties of scintillators. Here, the optical properties of two epoxy resins (E-30 by Prochima, and Technovit Epox by Heraeus Kulzer) deposited on the surface of a scintillator crystal made of CsI(Tl) were investigated, in order to improve the detection of high-energy radiation. It is found that these resins are capable of adhering to the surface of alkali metal halides. Adhesion, active at the epoxy–CsI(Tl) interface, can be explained on the basis of Coulomb forces acting between the ionic solid surface and an ionic intermediate of synthesis generated during the epoxy setting reaction. Technovit Epox showed higher transparency, and it was also functionalized by embedding white powdered pigments (PTFE or BaSO4) to achieve an optically reflective coating on the scintillator surface.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inorganic scintillators"

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Pauwels, Kristof. "Inorganic single crystalline fibers for dual-readout calorimetry." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10017/document.

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L'amélioration de la résolution en énergie des calorimètres hadroniques est adressée dans cette thèse. L'approche envisagée se base sur la technique du dual-readout qui consiste à détecter simultanément les radiations Cherenkov et la scintillation. La comparaison de ces deux signaux permet en effet de compenser les fluctuations observées dans la détection de gerbes hadroniques. Les grenats d'Aluminium et de Lutetium (LuAG), qui sont d'efficaces scintillateurs une fois activés avec des terres rares, peuvent aussi jouer le rôle de radiateur Cherenkov sous leur forme non-dopée. Les deux types de matériaux peuvent alors être assemblés pour former un calorimètre dual-readout performant. Dans l'objectif d'étudier la faisabilité de ce concept, les effets de la concentration en dopant et de l'addition de divers codopants sur le rendement lumineux et les propriétés temporelles ont été étudiés. Nous avons montré le rôle important de la technique de croissance choisie sur la nature et la concentration des défauts structuraux. La géométrie optimale, qui se base sur des monocristaux en forme de fibres, donne l'avantage à la technique de micro-pulling down. Cette technologie ne montre pas de meilleurs résultats que les techniques de Bridgman et de Czochralski mais a été retenue pour des raisons de coût et d'adaptabilité pour une production à grande échelle. L'optimisation des paramètres de croissance a permis la production de fibres monocristallines de LuAG dopées avec du Cérium présentant un rendement lumineux de 8000 photons par MeV et un bon comportement en tant que guide de lumière grâce à une qualité optique bien maitrisée. Des tests avec des faisceaux d'électrons et de pions, en conditions de calorimétrie à haute énergie, permettent désormais d'envisager la production d'un prototype à plus grande échelle
This thesis focuses on the improvement of the energy resolution of hadron calorimeters. The approach is based on dual-readout, which consists in the simultaneous detection of both scintillation and Cherenkov light. The comparison of these two signals allows a compensation of the energy fluctuations, which are inherent to the detection of hadronic showers. Lutetium Aluminium garnets (LuAG), which are efficient scintillators when activated with rare-earth dopants (i.e. Cerium), can also act as Cherenkov radiators when undoped. Both undoped and doped crystals can then be assembled to build an efficient dual-readout calorimeter. With the objective to investigate the feasibility of this concept, the effects of the doping concentration and the use of various co-dopant on the light output and the timing properties of LuAG were studied. The growth method was demonstrated to induce significant differences in the nature and concentration of structural defects. The optimum geometry, which is based on singlecrystals shaped into fibers, favors the micro-pulling down technique. This technology does not outperform Bridgman and Czochralski techniques but was chosen on bases of cost considerations and large scale productions abilities. The optimization of the growth parameters led to the production of single-crystalline fibers of Cerium-doped LuAG with a light output of 8000 photons per MeV and an adequate behavior as light guide due to a well-controlled optical quality. Test with electrons and pions in high energy calorimetry conditions allow to engage a future production of a larger-scale prototype
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Barta, Meredith Brooke. "Nanocomposite glass-ceramic scintillators for radiation spectroscopy." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45851.

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In recent years, the United States Departments of Homeland Security (DHS) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) have been charged with the task of scanning every cargo container crossing domestic borders for illicit radioactive material. This is accomplished by using gamma-ray detection systems capable of discriminating between non-threatening radioisotopes, such as Cs-137, which is often used in nuclear medicine, and fissile material, such as U-238, that can be used to make nuclear weapons or "dirty" bombs. Scintillation detector systems, specifically thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) single crystals, are by far the most popular choice for this purpose because they are inexpensive relative to other types of detectors, but are still able to identify isotopes with reasonable accuracy. However, increased demand for these systems has served as a catalyst for the research and development of new scintillator materials with potential to surpass NaI(Tl). The focus of a majority of recent scintillator materials research has centered on sintered transparent ceramics, phosphor-doped organic matrices, and the development of novel single crystal compositions. Some of the most promising new materials are glass-ceramic nanocomposites. By precipitating a dense array of nano-scale scintillating crystals rather than growing a single monolith, novel compositions such as LaBr₃(Ce) may be fabricated to useful sizes, and their potential to supersede the energy resolution of NaI(Tl) can be fully explored. Also, because glass-ceramic synthesis begins by casting a homogeneous glass melt, a broad range of geometries beyond the ubiquitous cylinder can be fabricated and characterized. Finally, the glass matrix ensures environmental isolation of the hygroscopic scintillating crystals, and so glass-ceramic scintillators show potential to serve as viable detectors in alpha- and neutron-spectroscopy in addition to gamma-rays. However, for the improvements promised by glass-ceramics to become reality, several material properties must be considered. These include the degree of control over precipitated crystallite size, the solubility limit of the glass matrix with respect to the scintillating compounds, the variation in maximum achievable light yield with composition, and the peak wavelength of emitted photons. Studies will focus on three base glass systems, sodium-aluminosilicate (NAS), sodium-borosilicate (NBS), and alumino-borosilicate (ABS), into which a cerium-doped gadolinium bromide (GdBr₃(Ce)) scintillating phase will be incorporated. Scintillator volumes of 50 cubic centimeters or greater will be fabricated to facilitate comparison with NaI(Tl) crystals currently available.
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Wahl, David. "Optimisation of light collection in inorganic scintillators for rare event searches." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c41d6500-c513-405f-926f-547a588aa1da.

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Inorganic scintillators are playing an ever increasing role in the search for rare events. Progress in the use of cryogenic phonon-scintillation detectors (CPSD) has allowed for a rapid increase in sensitivity and resolution of experiments using this technique. It is likely that CPSD will be used in future dark matter searches with multiple scintillator materials. Further improvements in the performance of CPSD can be expected if the amount of light collected is increased. In this thesis, two approaches are used to look at ways of maximising the amount of light collected in CPSD modules. The first approach is to obtain a detailed understanding of the spectroscopic properties in the crystal to identify ways of increasing their scintillation intensity. The second is to simulate the light collection properties using a Monte-Carlo simulation program. This requires a detailed understanding of the optical properties of inorganic scintillators and obtaining this information is the focus of the current work. Two new methods have been developed to evaluate the scintillation decay time and the intrinsic light yield of scintillators. These methods are tested on CRESST CaWO4 crystals so that all the input parameters necessary for the simulation of CRESST modules is available. These input parameters are used to successfully explain features of the light collection in CRESST CPSD modules and to suggest possible improvements to the design of the modules. In summary, the current work has contributed to the development of a standardised method to maximise the light yield that can be obtained from CPSD for application to rare event searches.
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Li, Wensheng. "Dielectric properties and defects structure of lead tungstate crystal." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2000. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/222.

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Leming, Edward J. "Particle physics methodologies applied to time-of-flight positron emission tomography with silicon-photomultipliers and inorganic scintillators." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54457/.

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Positron emission tomography, or PET, is a medical imaging technique which has been used in clinical environments for over two decades. With the advent of fast timing detectors and scintillating crystals, it is possible to envisage improvements to the technique with the inclusion of time-of-flight capabilities. In this context, silicon photomultipliers coupled to fast inorganic LYSO crystals are investigated as a possible technology choice. As part of the ENVISION collaboration a range of photon detectors were investigated experimentally, leading to the selection of specific devices for use in a first prototype detector, currently being commissioned at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. In order to characterise the design of the prototype a GEANT4 simulation has been developed describing coupled systems of silicon photomultipliers and LYSO scintillators. Very good agreement is seen between the timing response of the experimental and simulated systems. Results of the simulation for a range of detector array arrangements are presented and a number of optimisations proposed for the final prototype design. Without the results provided here a detector system including only 3x3x5 mm3 crystals would have been adopted. A 3x3x5 mm3 crystal geometry is shown to provide little-to-no timing advantage over an identical system with 3x3x10 mm3 crystals, where detection efficiency is improved by approximately a factor of three. Additionally an investigation is presented which explores the impact of using events where gamma-ray photons are scattered internally within the detector array. It is shown that including such events could increase the signal achievable with one-to-one coupled detector arrays systems for PET by approximately 60%, with only minor reductions in coincidence timing resolution.
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Debnath, Sree Bash Chandra. "New generation X-ray detector for radiation therapy and instrumentation for surface physics." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0252.

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Le traitement moderne par radiothérapie est motivé par la demande constante d'un détecteur dosimétrique approprié. Plus récemment, seuls quelques détecteurs se sont montrés prometteurs dans ce sens, mais ils présentent plusieurs obstacles lors de leur mise en œuvre, tant pour les applications à forte dose de rayonnement que pour celles à faible dose. Les dosimètres à rayons X développés industriellement sont encore limités par l'exigence de taille importante, l'effet de moyennage de volume, le manque de sensibilité et le faible rapport signal/bruit, etc. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse est consacré à la conception et à la fabrication d'un nouveau détecteur de rayons X extrêmement compact, en temps réel et très sensible. Le principe du dispositif est basé sur des clusters scintillantes qui sont greffées à l'extrémité d'une petite fibre centrale. Sous irradiation aux rayons X, les clusters émettent de la lumière visible qui est collectée par un compteur de photons à travers la fibre optique. Le détecteur développé a été testé pour la caractérisation de petits champs (inférieurs à 0,5 x 0,5 cm²) en radiothérapie et également en brachythérapie. Dans les deux cas, le détecteur présente d'excellentes performances.En outre, un détecteur similaire à tête nanométrique a été mis en œuvre pour la physique des surfaces au moyen d'une nouvelle technique à double sonde (STM/Fibre). Ainsi, les résultats de cette recherche explorent la dosimétrie des rayonnements miniaturisés avec l'amélioration des traitements des tumeurs de stade précoce. En outre, dans le domaine de l'imagerie des surfaces, une nouvelle technique de caractérisation des matériaux sera mise au point
The modern radiation therapy treatment is driven by the everlasting demand of a suitable dosimetric detector. Most recently, only a few detectors have shown promise in this direction, but exhibiting several barriers while implementing both in high and low radiation dose applications. The industrially developed X-ray dosimeters/detectors are still limited by the significant size requirement, volume averaging effect, lack of sensitivity, and low signal-to-noise ratio, etc. In this context, this thesis work is devoted to the design and fabrication of a novel extremely compact, small-scale, real-time, dynamic, and highly sensitive X-ray detector. The device principle is based on scintillating clusters that are grafted at the extremity of a small core fiber. Under X-ray irradiation, clusters emit visible light that is collected by a photon counter through the optical fiber. The developed detector was tested for small (lower than 0.5 x 0.5 cm²) field characterization in radiotherapy. It also allows characterizing radiation dosimetry in brachytherapy. In both cases, the detector demonstrates excellent performances when compared to the existing dosimeters and MC simulation.In addition, a similar detector with nano-metric head was implemented for the application in surface physics by means of a novel dual-probe (STM/Fiber) technique. Thus, the outcomes of this research explore miniaturized radiation dosimetry and will disclose the path of enhancing early-stage tumor treatments through real-time dosimetry. Moreover, the performance of the probe in surface imaging will open the path of novel material characterization technique allowing simultaneous sample imaging
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Blahuta, Samuel. "Étude et optimisation de matériaux scintillateurs pour l'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00647841.

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Ce travail de thèse concerne l'étude des mécanismes de scintillation de monocristaux de LYSO:Ce et de céramiques denses de Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce et de LuGdO3:Eu pour pouvoir cibler leur optimisation. Les spécificités pour une application en imagerie médicale incluent un fort pouvoir d'arrêt des rayonnements  et X, un rendement lumineux élevé, un temps de réponse rapide et, pour la tomographie CT, un afterglow le plus faible possible. Un important travail de compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle dommageable joué par les défauts ponctuels sur les propriétés de scintillation de ces composés (lacunes anioniques pour LYSO:Ce et Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce, et oxygènes interstitiels pour LuGdO3:Eu). Deux voies d'optimisation de ces scintillateurs ont été approfondies : le codopage et les recuits sous atmosphère contrôlée. Le codopage de monocristaux de LYSO:Ce par Ca2+ et Mg2+ permet d'améliorer significativement le rendement lumineux et l'afterglow, tout en stabilisant une partie importante de Ce4+ par un mécanisme de compensation de charges. Ces améliorations sont complémentaires avec celles d'un recuit oxydant. L'afterglow de LuGdO3:Eu a également été sensiblement optimisé, cette fois en utilisant des codopants trivalents (Ce3+, Pr3+ et Tb3+). Enfin, nous avons mis en avant qu'appliquer un recuit sous atmosphère soufrée est un moyen efficace de réduire l'afterglow des céramiques de Gd2O2S:Pr sans en dégrader le rendement lumineux.
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Rusiecki, Philip R. "Characterization of heavy oxide inorganic scintillator crystals for direct detection of fast neutrons based on inelastic scattering." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45244.

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Heavy oxide inorganic scintillators may prove viable in the detection of fast neutrons based on the mechanism of inelastic neutron scattering. A candidate set of crystals incorporating constituents of heavy atomic mass, namely bismuth germinate (BGO), zinc tungstate (ZWO), cadmium tungstate (CWO), lead tungstate (PWO), lutetium-gadolinium orthosilicate activated with cerium (LGSO:Ce) and lutetium-aluminum garnet with cerium (LuAG:Ce), were characterized to reveal relevant properties for efficient fast neutron detection. The optical measurements indicated strong transmittance with minimal absorption occurring in the visible spectrum. On average, the crystals achieved approximately 80% transmittance and 3% absorption, with the remaining light reflected at the air/crystal interface. Cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements with electron excitation energy of 5 keV provided information on the peak wavelength emission and light intensity. Results show that BGO and LGSO:Ce produced the highest scintillation light output and sharpest peak formation. Uncertain Ce3+ concentration and the presence of Eu3+ admixture caused LuAG:Ce to red shift and produce a false-positive bright emission. The gamma induced scintillation measurement yielded preliminary results showing stratification in light output based on incident energy in the range of 0.081–1.275 MeV. CWO and LGSO:Ce, crystals with similar structure, appeared less susceptible to this phenomenon.
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Stanton, Ian Nicholas. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopy of Lanthanide-Doped Inorganic Nanocrystals; Radiant Flux and Absolute Quantum Yield Measurements of Upconversion Nanocrystals, and Fabrication of a Fiber-Optic Radiation Detector Utilizing Synthetically Optimized, Linearly Responsive Nanoscintillators." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8261.

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The ability to interrogate structure-function photophysical properties on lanthanide-doped nanoscale materials will define their utility in next-generation applications and devices that capitalize on their size, light-conversion efficiencies, emissive wavelengths, syntheses, and environmental stabilities. The two main topics of this dissertation are (i) the interrogation of laser power-dependent quantum yield and total radiant flux metrics for a homogeneous, solution phase upconversion nanocrystal composition under both continuous wave and femtosecond-pulsed excitation utilizing a custom engineered absolute measurement system, and (ii) the synthesis, characterization, and power-dependent x-ray excited scintillation properties of [Y2O3; Eu] nanocrystals, and their integration into a fiber-optic radiation sensing device capable of in vivo dosimetry.

Presented herein is the laser power-dependent total radiant flux and absolute quantum yield measurements of homogeneous, solution-phase [NaYF4; Yb (15%), Er (2%)] upconversion nanocrystals, and further compares the quantitative total radiant flux and absolute quantum yield measurements under both 970 nm continuous-wave and 976 nm pulsed Ti-Sapphire laser excitation (140 fs pulse-width, 80 MHz). This study demonstrates that at comparable excitation densities under continuous-wave and fs-pulsed excitation from 42 - 284 W/cm2, the absolute quantum yield, and the total radiant flux per unit volume, are within a factor of two when spectra are integrated over the 500 - 700 nm wavelength regime. This study further establishes the radiant flux as the true unit of merit for quantifying emissive output intensity of upconverting nanocrystals for application purposes, especially given the high uncertainty in solution phase upconversion nanocrystal quantum yield measurements due to their low absorption cross-section. Additionally, a commercially available bulk [NaYF4; Yb (20%), Er (3%)] upconversion sample was measured in the solid-state to provide a total radiant flux and absolute quantum yield standard. The measurements were accomplished utilizing a custom-engineered, multi-detector integrating sphere measurement system that can measure spectral sample emission in Watts on a flux-calibrated (W/nm) CCD-spectrometer, enabling the direct measurement of the total radiant flux without need for an absorbance or quantum yield value.

Also presented is the development and characterization of a scintillating nanocrystalline composition, [Y2-xO3; Eux, Liy], in which Eu and Li dopant ion concentrations were systematically varied in order to define the most emissive compositions under specific x-ray excitation conditions. It is shown that these optimized [Y2-xO3; Eux, Liy] compositions display scintillation responses that: (i) correlate linearly with incident radiation exposure at x-ray energies spanning from 40 - 220 kVp, and (ii) manifest no evidence of scintillation intensity saturation at the highest evaluated radiation exposures [up to 4 Roentgen per second]. X-ray excitation energies of 40, 120, and 220 kVp were chosen to probe the dependence of the integrated emission intensity upon x-ray exposure-rate in energy regimes where either the photoelectric or the Compton effect governs the scintillation mechanism on the most emissive [Y2-xO3; Eux, Liy] composition, [Y1.9O3; Eu0.1, Li0.16]. These experiments demonstrate for nanoscale [Y2-xO3; Eux], that for comparable radiation exposures, when scintillation is governed by the photoelectric effect (120 kVp excitation), greater integrated emission intensities are recorded relative to excitation energies where the Compton effect regulates scintillation (220 kVp excitation).

The nanoscale [Y1.9O3; Eu0.1, Li0.16] was further exploited as a detector material in a prototype fiber-optic radiation sensor. The scintillation intensity from a [Y1.9O3; Eu0.1, Li0.16]-modified optical fiber tip, recorded using a CCD-photodetector or a Si-photodiode, was correlated with radiation exposure using a Precision XRAD 225Cx small-animal image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) system, an orthovoltage cabinet-irradiator, and a clinical X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) machine. For all x-ray energies tested from 80 - 225 kVp, this near-radiotransparent device recorded scintillation intensities that tracked linearly with total radiation exposure, highlighting its capability to provide alternately accurate dosimetry measurements for both diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy treatment. Because Si-based CCD and photodiode detectors manifest maximal sensitivities over the emission range of nanoscale [Y1.9O3; Eu0.1, Li0.16], the timing speeds, sizes, and low power-consumption of these devices, coupled with the detection element's linear dependence of scintillation intensity with radiation dose, demonstrates the opportunity for next-generation radiation exposure measuring devices for in/ex vivo applications that are ultra-small, inexpensive, and accurate.


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Fariad, Abuzar. "Development and characterization of a dual neutron and gamma detector." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/201.

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A dual neutron and gamma detection system has been developed for online measurements. The system consists of a single crystal mounted on a photomultiplier tube to detect simultaneously gamma radiation as well as thermal neutrons. A compact data acquisition system has been used for neutron and gamma discrimination. The system has been tested with different gamma energies and with an Am-Be neutron source at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology neutron facility. This thesis presents the characteristics of the developed detector, and experimental data carried out in different experiments in different fields.
UOIT
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Books on the topic "Inorganic scintillators"

1

Rodnyi, Piotr A. Physical processes in inorganic scintillators. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1997.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8.

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Birowosuto, Muhammad Danang. Novel [gamma]-ray and thermal-neutron scintillators: Search for high-light-yield and fast-response materials. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.

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Birowosuto, Muhammad Danang. Novel [gamma]-ray and thermal-neutron scintillators: Search for high-light-yield and fast-response materials. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.

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International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and Their Applications (1997 Shanghai, China). SCINT 97: Proceedings of the International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and their Applications : Shanghai, P.R. China, September 22-25, 1997. Shanghai, China: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Branch Press, 1997.

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International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and Their Applications (1995 Delft, Netherlands). SCINT 95: Proceedings of the International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and their Applications : Delft, The Netherlands, August 28 - September 1, 1995. Delft, Netherlands: Delft University Press, 1996.

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Knitel, Mathijs Johan. New inorganic scintillators and storage phosphors for detection of thermal neutrons. Delft: Delft Univ. Press, 1998.

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Combes, Cécile Martine. Scintillation properties of ⁶Li-based materials for thermal-neutron detection. Delft: Delft University Press, 1999.

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Rodnyi, Piotr A. Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Rodnyi, Piotr A. Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Inorganic scintillators"

1

Lempicki, A., A. J. Wojtowicz, and C. Brecher. "Inorganic Scintillators." In Wide-Gap Luminescent Materials: Theory and Applications, 235–301. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4100-4_5.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "Scintillation and Inorganic Scintillators." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems, 1–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_1.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "Scintillation Mechanisms in Inorganic Scintillators." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems, 125–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_4.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "Charged Hadron Radiation Damage of Scintillators." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems, 253–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_7.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "How User’s Requirements Influence the Development of Scintillators." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems, 43–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_2.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "Addressing the Increased Demand for Fast Timing." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems, 103–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_3.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "Energy Resolution and Non-proportionality of Scintillators." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems, 175–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_5.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "Influence of Crystal Structure Defects on Scintillation Properties." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems, 197–252. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_6.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "Crystal Engineering." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems, 281–344. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_8.

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Lecoq, Paul, Alexander Gektin, and Mikhail Korzhik. "Examples of Recent Crystal Development." In Inorganic Scintillators for Detector Systems, 345–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Inorganic scintillators"

1

Zhu, Ren-Yuan. "Very fast inorganic crystal scintillators." In Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XIX, edited by Michael Fiederle, Arnold Burger, Larry Franks, Ralph B. James, and Stephen A. Payne. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2274617.

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van Eijk, C. W. "Fast lanthanide-doped inorganic scintillators." In Tenth Feofilov Symposium on Spectroscopy of Crystals Activated by Rare Earth and Transitional Ions, edited by Alexander I. Ryskin and V. F. Masterov. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.229141.

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VAN EIJK, CAREL W. E. "INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS." In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICATPP-7. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776464_0069.

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Liu, Xiaogang. "All-inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystal Scintillators." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ngfm.2019.027.

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Shmygalev, A. S., A. S. Korsakov, L. V. Zhukova, and B. V. Shulgin. "New class of crystal inorganic scintillators." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2014.seth1c.5.

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Kim, Hong Joo. "Inorganic Scintillators for Medical Imaging Applications." In 2017 5th International Conference on Instrumentation, Communications, Information Technology, and Biomedical Engineering (ICICI-BME). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icici-bme.2017.8537745.

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Gramuglia, Francesco, Simone Frasca, Emanuele Ripiccini, Nicolas Descharmes, Edoardo Charbon, Claudio Bruschini, Esteban Venialgo, Valentin Gate, and Daniel Turover. "Light Extraction Enhancement Techniques for Inorganic Scintillators." In 2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic42677.2020.9507921.

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KUDRYAVTSEV, V. A., N. J. C. SPOONER, P. K. LIGHTFOOT, J. W. ROBERTS, M. J. LEHNER, T. GAMBLE, T. B. LAWSON, et al. "UKDMC DARK MATTER SEARCH WITH INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS." In Proceedings of the Third International Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811363_0039.

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Bora, Vaibhav, Harrison Barrett, Kanai S. Shah, and Jarek Glodo. "Estimation of Fano factors in inorganic scintillators." In 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2011 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2011.6154307.

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Hu, Chen, Liyuan Zhang, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Marcel Demarteau, Robert Wagner, Lei Xia, Junqi Xie, et al. "Temporal Response of Fast and Ultrafast Inorganic Scintillators." In 2018 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2018.8824743.

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Reports on the topic "Inorganic scintillators"

1

Bartle, C. M., and R. C. Haight. Small inorganic scintillators as neutron detectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/677132.

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Gehring, Amanda Elizabeth, Blas P. Uberuaga, Todd Joseph Haines, Jan Barta, and Brenden W. Wiggins. Inorganic scintillator synthesis for targeted applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1593108.

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