Academic literature on the topic 'Input Bias Current'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Input Bias Current.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Input Bias Current"
1
Hasan, Syafruddin, Muzammir Isa, M. A. Roslan, et al. "Harmonics Performances of Single Phase Transformer due to DC Bias." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.202.
Full textAbstract:
The investigation of the direct current (dc) bias effect on single phase power transformer through their harmonics performance is present in this paper. The experimental study is done by the dc bias current injected simultaneously with alternating current (ac) source to primary winding of transformer. The input ac voltage to primary winding is maintained constant during investigation and the dc currents increased gradually. Compare to pure ac power applied, the results show that the waveforms distorted when the dc bias exist. The pulsated waveforms are pushed to half cycle in which the bias current is in the same direction as magnetizing current (unsymmetrical pulsated) and even harmonics are significant.
2
Kumngern, Montree. "One-Input Three-Output Current-Mode Universal Filter Using Translinear Current Conveyors." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 2, no. 4 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.40843.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a new current-mode universal filter with one-input three-output employing three translinear current conveyors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed filter provides low-pass, band-pass, high-pass current response with high output impedance output which can be directly connected for current-mode circuit. The band-pass and all-pass filters can also be obtained. The parameters wo and Q can be controlled separately and electronically by the bias currents of current conveyors. For realizing all filtering functions, no passive and active matching conditions are required. The active and passive sensitivities are low. The characteristic of the proposed circuit can be confirmed by SPICE simulations.
3
Wang, Chuanli, Rui Shi, Caofeng Yu, Zhuo Chen, and Yu Wang. "Research on Hysteresis Modeling and Compensation Method of Giant Magnetostrictive Force Sensor." Journal of Sensors 2021 (December 23, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2734288.
Full textAbstract:
Linearity is an important index for evaluating the performance of various sensors. Under the Villari effect, there may be some hysteresis between the input force and the output voltage of a force sensor, meaning that the output will be multivalued and nonlinear. To improve the linearity and eliminate the hysteresis of such sensors, an output compensation method using a variable bias current is proposed based on the bidirectional energy conversion mechanism of giant magnetostrictive material. First, the magnetization relationship between the input force, bias current, and flux density is established. Second, a nonlinear neural network model of the force-magnetization hysteresis and a neural network model for the compensation control of the force sensor are established. These models are trained using the magnetic flux density-force curve and the magnetic flux density-current curve, respectively. Taking the optimal linearity as the objective function, the bias current under different input forces is optimized. Finally, a bias current control system is developed and an experimental test platform is built to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed variable bias current hysteresis compensation method enables the linearity under the return of the force sensor to reach 1.6%, which is around 48.3% higher than under previous methods. Thus, the proposed variable bias current method effectively suppresses the hysteresis phenomenon and provides improved linearity for giant magnetostrictive force sensors.
4
Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Husain Abdullah Alzaher. "Multi-Function Active-Only High-Order Current-Driven Filter." Active and Passive Electronic Components 23, no. 3 (2000): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/apec.23.157.
Full textAbstract:
A new multi-function high-order current-driven filter is proposed. The filter uses only operational amplifiers, and operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). Without using any external passive elements, a variety of high-order input-current/output-current and/or input-current/output-voltage responses can be realised without changing the circuit topology and without any matching or cancellation conditions. The parameters of the high-order filter responses can be electronically tuned by adjusting the bias currents of the OTAs.
5
Chen, Hua-Pin, San-Fu wang, Yu-Nan Chen, and Qi-Geng Huang. "Electronically Tunable Third-Order Quadrature Oscillator Using VDTAs." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 04 (2019): 1950066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661950066x.
Full textAbstract:
This study proposes a new electronically tunable third-order quadrature oscillator using two multi-output voltage difference transconductance amplifiers (VDTAs) and three grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit provides three quadrature voltage outputs, two high-impedance quadrature current outputs, and one high-impedance current output with controllable amplitude. The proposed circuit can provide amplitude modulation/amplitude shift keying signals when the input bias current of the second VDTA is a modulating signal. The oscillation condition and oscillation frequency can be separately adjusted by the input bias currents of two multi-output VDTAs, and it is suitable for use on custom sensor networks. Experimental and H-Spice simulation results are given to confirm theoretical analyses.
6
Kim, Donggyu, Sungjun Byun, Younggun Pu та ін. "Design of a Current Sensing System with TIA Gain of 160 dBΩ and Input-Referred Noise of 1.8 pArms for Biosensor". Sensors 23, № 6 (2023): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063019.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a high-gain low-noise current signal detection system for biosensors. When the biomaterial is attached to the biosensor, the current flowing through the bias voltage is changed so that the biomaterial can be sensed. A resistive feedback transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is used for the biosensor requiring a bias voltage. Current changes in the biosensor can be checked by plotting the current value of the biosensor in real time on the self-made graphical user interface (GUI). Even if the bias voltage changes, the input voltage of the analog to digital converter (ADC) does not change, so it is designed to plot the current of the biosensor accurately and stably. In particular, for multi-biosensors with an array structure, a method of automatically calibrating the current between biosensors by controlling the gate bias voltage of the biosensors is proposed. Input-referred noise is reduced using a high-gain TIA and chopper technique. The proposed circuit achieves 1.8 pArms input-referred noise with a gain of 160 dBΩ and is implemented in a TSMC 130 nm CMOS process. The chip area is 2.3 mm2, and the power consumption of the current sensing system is 12 mW.
7
G.A., Ibitola, Imafidon L.O., and Ehinlafa O.E. "MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR INPUT BIAS –OFFSET CURRENTS OF AN OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER." Continental J. Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (2017): 46–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.833741.
Full textAbstract:
A very simple microprocessor (µP) -based dedicated instrument is designed here.' The Overall system design consists of both hardware and software designs. This set-up yields the exact values of input bias and input off-set currents on the µP display panel, one after the other, when the operational amplifier (OP- AMP) under test is connected across the test terminals.
8
Khajeh, Ramin, Francesco Fumarola, and LF Abbott. "Sparse balance: Excitatory-inhibitory networks with small bias currents and broadly distributed synaptic weights." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 2 (2022): e1008836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008836.
Full textAbstract:
Cortical circuits generate excitatory currents that must be cancelled by strong inhibition to assure stability. The resulting excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) balance can generate spontaneous irregular activity but, in standard balanced E-I models, this requires that an extremely strong feedforward bias current be included along with the recurrent excitation and inhibition. The absence of experimental evidence for such large bias currents inspired us to examine an alternative regime that exhibits asynchronous activity without requiring unrealistically large feedforward input. In these networks, irregular spontaneous activity is supported by a continually changing sparse set of neurons. To support this activity, synaptic strengths must be drawn from high-variance distributions. Unlike standard balanced networks, these sparse balance networks exhibit robust nonlinear responses to uniform inputs and non-Gaussian input statistics. Interestingly, the speed, not the size, of synaptic fluctuations dictates the degree of sparsity in the model. In addition to simulations, we provide a mean-field analysis to illustrate the properties of these networks.
9
Siriphuchyanun, Montree, Phamorn Silapan, and Winai Jaikla. "Low-offset BiCMOS Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier (CC-CDBA) and Applications." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 6, no. 1 (2007): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.200861.171766.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents the design for a basic current mode building block for analog signal processing, called Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier (CC-CDBA). Its parasitic resistances at two current input ports can be controlled by an input bias current. The output current and voltage offset are quite low. The proposed element was realized in a BiCMOS technology and the voltage follower in the element is modified to achieve high performance properties. Its performances are examined through PSPICE simulations. In addition,examples as a current-mode multiplier/divider and current amplifier are included, compared to the conventional CC-CDBA implementation. They disclose performances of the proposed CC-CDBA superior to previous CC-CDBA.
10
Bakerenkov, A. S., V. S. Pershenkov, A. V. Solomatin, V. V. Belyakov, and V. V. Shurenkov. "Radiation Degradation Modeling of Bipolar Operational Amplifier Input Offset Voltage in LTSpice IV." Applied Mechanics and Materials 565 (June 2014): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.565.138.
Full textAbstract:
Integrated circuits are used in electronic equipment of spaceships. Therefore, they are impacted by ionizing radiation during space mission. It leads to electronic equipment failures. At present operational amplifiers are base elements of analog electronic devices. Radiation impact leads to degradation of operational amplifiers input stages. Input bias current increasing and input offset voltage drifts are the results of ionizing radiation expose of operational amplifiers. Therefore, space application electronic equipment fails after accumulation of limit dose. It isn’t difficult to estimate radiation degradation of input bias currents of bipolar operational amplifiers, but estimation of dose dependence of input offset voltage drift is more complex issue. Schematic modeling technique based on Gummel–Poon transistor model for estimation of input offset voltage drift produced by space radiation impact was experimentally verified for LM324 operational amplifier and presented in this work. Radiation sensitive parameters of Gummel–Poon model were determined using 2N2907 bipolar pnp transistor.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Input Bias Current"
1
Ahmed, Khondker Zakir. "Low voltage autonomous buck-boost regulator for wide input energy harvesting." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53604.
Full textAbstract:
While high power buck-boost regulators have been extensively researched and
developed in the academia and industry, low power counterparts have only recently gained
momentum due to the advent of different battery powered and remote electronics. The
application life-time of such applications, e.g., remote surveillance electronics can be
extended tremendously by enabling energy autonomy. While battery powered electronics
last long but they must be replenished once the battery is depleted either by replacing the
battery or by retrieving the electronics and then recharging. Instead, energy harvesting from
available ambient sources on the spot will enable these electronics continuous operation
unboundedly, probably even beyond the lifetime of the electronics. Interestingly enough,
recent advancements in micro-scale energy transducers compliment these demand [1-13].
Micro-transducers producing energy from different ambient sources have been reported.
These transducers produce enough energy to support a wide range of operations of the
remote electronics concurrently. These transducers along with an additional storage
elements greatly increase the energy autonomy as well as guaranteed operation since
harvested energy can then be stored for future use when harvestable energy is temporarily
unavailable.
Recently several buck-boost regulators with low power and low input operating
voltage have been reported both from academia and industry [14-24]. Some of this work
focuses on increasing efficiency in the mid-load range (10mA-100mA), while some other
focuses on lowering input range. However, so far no one has reported a buck-boost
regulator operating with sub-200nW bias power while harvesting energy from sub-500mV input range. This work focuses on the development of a low voltage low bias current buckboost regulator to attain these goals.
In this work, complete design of a PFM mode buck-boost regulator has been
discussed in details. Basic topology of the regulator and working principle of the
implemented architecture along with the advantages of the specific topology over that of
the others have been discussed in short to provide an uninterrupted flow of idea. Later,
Transistor level design of the basic building blocks of the buck-boost regulator is discussed
in details with different design features and how those are attained through transistor level
implementation are discussed. Subsequently, the physical layout design technique and
considerations are discussed to inform the reader about the importance of the layout process
and to avoid pitfalls of design failure due to layout quality issues.
Measurement results are presented with the fabricated IC. Different
characterization profile of the IC have been discussed with measured data and capture
oscilloscope waveforms. Load regulation, line regulation, efficiency, start-up from low
voltage, regulation with line and load transient events are measured, presented and
discussed. Different characteristics of the prototype are compared with prior arts and are
presented in a comparison table. Die micrograph is also presented along with the different
issue of the IC testing
2
SHIH-WEI, TSENG, and 曾士瑋. "Input Current Ripple Reduction Asymmetrical Full-Bridge Converter without DC Bias with Digital Control." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cpej8c.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>104<br>A conventional full-bridge (FB) converter has been widely used for high input-voltage high-power applications. Several control schemes have been applied to full bridge converter, such as symmetrical control, phase shift control, and asymmetrical control.
Employing symmetrical control, full-bridge has been used for a long time. It suffers from large switching losses due to its hard-switching operation. It will impact the conversion efficiency and limit power density.
To improve the efficiency, asymmetrical full-bridge (AFB) converter was successfully proposed instead in the last decades. Because it can achieve ZVS operation, the switching turn-on losses are significantly reduced. However, a DC bias occurs resulting in adding a gap on the transformer.
However, the AFB converter has high pulsating input currents resulting in the generation of high di/dt noise, which is one of the noise sources of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem. Consequently, large filter components are required to attenuate the noise level within the threshold value. To reduce the pulsating input-current ripple, a low-input current-ripple reduction (RR-AFB) converter without DC bias is also proposed in Chapter 2.
To demonstrate the feasibility of the operational principle, circuit analysis and the experiments of the presented converters with 300~400 V input voltage range, 24V/ 15A/ output, 100 kHz switching frequency, are built to verify theoretical analysis.
To achieve ZVS for all load range of RR-AFB needed to vary dead time with different load. The operating through analog controller cannot vary the dead time with different load, while the digital controller could. The design and implementations of the digital control for the DC-DC converters have been achieved by using the digital signal processors (DSP).
Book chapters on the topic "Input Bias Current"
1
Ming, Qiaohong, Yangyang Wang, and Meiyu Zong. "Research on EMC Simulation of Electric Drive System of Electric Engineering Machinery." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_18.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn order to suppress the electromagnetic interference in electric construction machinery, improve the stability and safety of the vehicle on the influence factors of electric construction machinery EMC system analysis, electric drive system due to the internal power electronic equipment for a long time in the high voltage, high current conditions and become the main influence factors of electric construction machinery EMC. The main methods to reduce electromagnetic interference of electric drive system grounding, shielding and filtering are expounded, which leads to the emulated research of EMC simulation of electric drive system of electric engineering machinery. The equivalent circuit model of battery, electronic control, motor and test system is established, and the low-pass filter composed of inductor and capacitor is designed. And the combined three electric system, test system, filter circuit composed of the model of simulation analysis, with or without filter input current, different frequencies of input and output voltage signals compared, the results show that adding filter can effectively improve the conducted interference, the use of RLC filter composed of four RLC components, can effectively improve the signal low frequency bias and high frequency distortion.
2
Paaß, Gerhard, and Sven Giesselbach. "Summary and Outlook." In Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23190-2_8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFoundation Models emerged as a new paradigm in sequence interpretation that can be used for a large number of tasks to understand our environment. They offer the remarkable property of combining sensory input (sound, images, video) with symbolic interpretation of text and may even include action and DNA sequences. We briefly recap the process of pre-training, fine-tuning or prompting of Foundation Models and summarize their main properties. For the different application areas presented in the book, we summarize the performance levels of the models and delineate different promising economic applications. A section is devoted to discussing the potential harm that can be caused by Foundation Models, including bias, fake news, but also possible economic monopolies and unemployment. There is an urgent need for a legal regulation of the construction and deployment of these models. The last section considers advanced artificial intelligence systems and the shortcomings of current systems. Foundation Models have significantly improved performance in recent years and have the potential to reduce the gap to a truly general AI.
3
van Heuven, Walter J. B., and Ton Dijkstra. "Chapter 5. Cross-language influences in L2 visual word processing." In Cross-language Influences in Bilingual Processing and Second Language Acquisition. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bpa.16.05van.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last decades, a variety of verbal models have been proposed to account for empirical findings on bilingual word processing and second language (L2) acquisition. However, in these domains only a small number of computational models have seen the light, including localist connectionist models like the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA) model (Dijkstra & van Heuven, 1998; van Heuven et al., 1998), the Bilingual Interactive Activation + (BIA+) model (Dijkstra & van Heuven, 2002), and Multilink(+) (Dijkstra et al., 2019; 2022a). In this chapter, we review structural and processing characteristics of these models, such as input coding, lateral inhibition, word frequency, language nodes, and task demands. Finally, advantages and limitations of current computational models are discussed.
4
Malihi, Shirin, Frederic Bosche, and Martin Bueno Esposito. "Quantifying the Confidence in Models Outputted by Scan-To-BIM Processes." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.113.
Full textAbstract:
3D spatial data is increasingly employed to generate Building Information Models (BIMs) by extension digital twins for various applications in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector such as project monitoring, engineering analyses, retrofit planning, etc. The outputted models of Scan-to-BIM processes should satisfy pre-defined levels of quality. In the case of emerging automated Scan-to-BIM solutions, users however currently need to check all generated geometry manually, which is time-consuming. What would help users is if the automated systems could also provide a level of confidence in the detection and modelling of each element. In this paper three generic indicators are defined for analysing the reliability of the generated 3D models: Icoverage estimates the portion of the surface of the modelled element that can be explained by the input point cloud. Idistance defines the closeness of the generated element models to the input point cloud. The confidence of the generated 3D local models can be computed by combining the two aforementioned indices. The proposed indicators are assessed using actual examples and comparisons are conducted between automatically generated 3D BIM models and 3D models generated manually by a BIM modeler
5
Malihi, Shirin, Frederic Bosche, and Martin Bueno Esposito. "Quantifying the Confidence in Models Outputted by Scan-To-BIM Processes." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.113.
Full textAbstract:
3D spatial data is increasingly employed to generate Building Information Models (BIMs) by extension digital twins for various applications in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector such as project monitoring, engineering analyses, retrofit planning, etc. The outputted models of Scan-to-BIM processes should satisfy pre-defined levels of quality. In the case of emerging automated Scan-to-BIM solutions, users however currently need to check all generated geometry manually, which is time-consuming. What would help users is if the automated systems could also provide a level of confidence in the detection and modelling of each element. In this paper three generic indicators are defined for analysing the reliability of the generated 3D models: Icoverage estimates the portion of the surface of the modelled element that can be explained by the input point cloud. Idistance defines the closeness of the generated element models to the input point cloud. The confidence of the generated 3D local models can be computed by combining the two aforementioned indices. The proposed indicators are assessed using actual examples and comparisons are conducted between automatically generated 3D BIM models and 3D models generated manually by a BIM modeler
6
Jones, Roger D., and Alan M. Jones. "A Proposed Mechanism for in vivo Programming Transmembrane Receptors." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57430-6_11.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTransmembrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ideal drug targets because they resemble, in function, molecular microprocessors for which outcomes (e.g. disease pathways) can be controlled by inputs (extracellular ligands). The inputs here are ligands in the extracellular fluid and possibly chemical signals from other sources in the cellular environment that modify the states of molecular switches, such as phosphorylation sites, on the intracellular domains of the receptor. Like in an engineered microprocessor, these inputs control the configuration of output switch states that control the generation of downstream responses to the inputs.Many diseases with heterogeneous prognoses including, for example, cancer and diabetic kidney disease, require precise individualized treatment. The success of precision medicine to treat and cure disease is through its ability to alter the microprocessor outputs in a manner to improve disease outcomes. We previously established ab initio a model based on maximal information transmission and rate of entropy production that agrees with experimental data on GPCR performance and provides insight into the GPCR process. We use this model to suggest new and possibly more precise ways to target GPCRs with potential new drugs.We find, within the context of the model, that responses downstream of the GPCRs can be controlled, in part, by drug ligand concentration, not just whether the ligand is bound to the receptor. Specifically, the GPCRs encode the maximum ligand concentration the GPCR experiences in the number of active phosphorylation or other switch sites on the intracellular domains of the GPCR. This process generates a memory in the GPCR of the maximum ligand concentration seen by the GPCR. Each configuration of switch sites can generate a distinct downstream response bias. This implies that cellular response to a ligand may be programmable by controlling drug concentration. The model addresses the observation paradox that the amount of information appearing in the intracellular region is greater than amount of information stored in whether the ligand binds to the receptor. This study suggests that at least some of the missing information can be generated by the ligand concentration. We show the model is consistent with assay and information-flow experiments.In contrast to the current view of switch behavior in GPCR signaling, we find that switches exist in three distinct states: inactive (neither off nor on), actively on, or actively off. Unlike the inactive state, the active state supports a chemical flux of receptor configurations through the switch, even when the switch state is actively off. Switches are activated one at a time as ligand concentration reaches threshold values and does not reset because the ligand concentration drops below the thresholds. These results have clinical relevance. Treatment with drugs that target GPCR-mediated pathways can have increased precision for outputs by controlling switch configurations. The model suggests that, to see the full response spectrum, fully native receptors should be used in assay experiments rather than chimera receptors.Inactive states allow the possibility for novel adaptations. This expands the search space for natural selection beyond the space determined by pre-specified active switches.
7
Daoud, Houda, Dalila Laouej, Jihene Mallek, and Mourad Loulou. "Analog Integrated Circuit Optimization." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1718-5.ch003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter presents a novel telescopic operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) using the bulk-driven MOS technique. This circuit is optimized for ultra-low power applications such as biomedical devices. The proposed the bulk-driven fully differential telescopic OTA with very low threshold voltages is designed under ±0.9V supply voltage. Thanks to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the circuit achieves high performances. The OTA simulation results present a DC gain of 63.6dB, a GBW of 2.8MHz, a phase margin (PM) of 55.8degrees and an input referred noise of 265.3nV/√Hz for a low bias current of 52nA.
8
Taylor, Peter J., Geoff O’Brien, and Phil O’Keefe. "Declarations: Root and Branch Unthinking." In Cities Demanding the Earth. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529210477.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter takes the failure of current climate change policy as a given and seeks explanations and ways forward. Policy-making should be firmly grounded in the essential nature of anthropogenic climate change – a complex problem and an existential threat. It is found wanting in three fundamental aspects. International relations with its competitive preposition is found to be not fit for purpose as decision-making arena. The scientific input for decision-making underplays the ‘anthropo’ bit of climate change and therefore is found unfit for purpose. And social science contributions are found not fit for purpose because of their innate state-centric bias. To overcome the resulting impasse requires critical unthinking. The work of Jane Jacobs is chosen as guide to unthinking thereby foregrounding cities. An invitation is issued for others to provide alternate unthinking.
9
Zhou, Xiaoqi, and Peixin Shi. "GNN-GAN for Node Classification on Class-Imbalanced Graph Data." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3233/faia250136.
Full textAbstract:
Node classification for class-imbalanced graph data presents significant challenges, as existing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) typically either learn node embedding on class balanced graph data or ignore such class imbalance. This leads to predictive bias in terms of favoring majority classes while under-representing minority classes. To address this issue, this study proposes an innovative algorithm named GNN-GAN, which integrates GNN with generative adversarial network (GAN), where the GNN extracts latent features from input node attributes that are balanced through a conditional GAN and data fusion strategy. The proposed GNN-GAN bridges the gap between node classification and the class imbalance learning, which is nontrivial in the context of often class-imbalanced real-world graph data. Experiments on several classic graph datasets shows that the GNN-GAN out-performs current state-of-the-art baselines and are robust to graph datasets with varying structures and imbalance ratios.
10
Takahashi, Kohske, and Katsumi Watanabe. "Crossmodal Interactions in Visual Competition." In Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch007.
Full textAbstract:
Visual competition is one of the long-standing mysteries in vision science. The image that arises from a person’s visual awareness of a constant visual input can spontaneously and stochastically changed between two or more possible interpretations. Visual competition is largely defined by the actual visual experience. However, recent studies have suggested that the process of resolving visual ambiguity is not limited to the domain of vision. Rather, the process is likely susceptible to various types of nonvisual modulation (e.g., auditory and haptic/tactile). Here, the authors review the recent studies that investigate the crossmodal interactions found in visual competition. These current studies highlight the significant crossmodal effects in visual competition, including the bias toward visual interpretations that are congruent with other modalities and the temporal synchronization of the transition between two (or more) visual interpretations with nonvisual events. These nonvisual modulations of visual competition reveal that visual perception is built upon several levels of crossmodal synchronization.
Conference papers on the topic "Input Bias Current"
1
Rodin, Alexander S., Alexander S. Bakerenkov, Viacheslav S. Pershenkov, Vladislav A. Felitsyn, Alina G. Miroshnichenko, and Nikita S. Glukhov. "Evaluation of the Post-Irradiation Temperature Dependence of Operational Amplifier Input Bias Current." In 2015 15th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radecs.2015.7365610.
Full text
2
Wang, Shuai, Yibing Zhan, Yong Luo, et al. "Joint Input and Output Coordination for Class-Incremental Learning." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/565.
Full textAbstract:
Incremental learning is nontrivial due to severe catastrophic forgetting. Although storing a small amount of data on old tasks during incremental learning is a feasible solution, current strategies still do not 1) adequately address the class bias problem, and 2) alleviate the mutual interference between new and old tasks, and 3) consider the problem of class bias within tasks. In light of the above issues, we analyze the cause of class bias in incremental learning, as well as the drawbacks of existing approaches, and propose a joint input and output coordination (JIOC) mechanism to address these issues. This mechanism assigns different weights to different categories of data according to the gradient of the output score, and uses knowledge distillation (KD) to reduce the mutual interference between the outputs of old and new tasks. The proposed mechanism is general and flexible, and can be incorporated into different incremental learning approaches that use memory storage. Extensive experiments show that our mechanism can significantly improve their performance.
3
Bakerenkov, A., V. Pershenkov, V. Felitsyn, et al. "Correlation between Temperature and Dose Rate Dependences of Input Bias Current Degradation in Bipolar Operational Amplifiers." In 2019 IEEE 31st International Conference on Microelectronics (MIEL). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/miel.2019.8889589.
Full text
4
Sekar, Saalini V., Haibo Cao, and Robert J. Weber. "Changes in dc current bias as a function of input drive for a depletion mode SiC MESFET." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eit.2008.4554330.
Full text
5
Kusuda, Yoshinori. "5.1 A 60V auto-zero and chopper operational amplifier with 800kHz interleaved clocks and input bias-current trimming." In 2015 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062939.
Full text
6
Craigin, Bob K., Bin Ling Zhou, and Jason R. Bridgmon. "Stacked-Die Failure Mechanisms for an Octal, Current Input 20-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stacked-die packaging was used to make an octal 20-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter by stacking two quad A/D converter die in a single 48-lead QFN (quad flat-pack, no leads) package. Reliability testing for product qualification initially failed only (biased) HAST test. Two failure mechanisms were identified. The first mechanism was silver ion migration at sensitive analog inputs due to high conductive die-attach fillets on the bottom die. The second mechanism was ILD delamination and passivation layer cracking due to spacer-attach stress on the surface of the bottom die. Electrical failure analysis was aided by a self test mode designed into the quad A/D converter. Package opening and other standard failure analysis techniques required some modification to accommodate the stacked-die package. This work points to critical stacked-die assembly steps, including conductive die-attach and nonconductive spacer-attach application, where effects of moisture, bias, and thermal stress must all be considered.
7
Kinnerup, Rasmus Trock, Arnold Knott, Ole Cornelius Thomsen, Kresten Marbjerg, and Per Rasmussen. "Preamplifier With Ultra Low Frequency Cutoff for Infrasonic Condenser Microphone." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1468.
Full textAbstract:
Measuring infrasonic sound sets high requirements on the instruments used. Typically the measurement chain consists of a microphone and a preamplifier. As the input resistance of the preamplifier forms a high pass filter with the capacitance of the microphone in the picofarad range, measuring ultra low frequencies becomes a challenge. The electric preamplifier presented in this paper together with a prepolarized condenser microphone form a measurement system. The developed preamplifier connects the microphone signal directly to the input of an operational amplifier with ultra high input impedance. The bias current for the preamplifier further complicates the signal amplification. A configuration of two diode-connected FETs provide the input bias current. The resulting input impedance of nearly 1 TΩ yields a total lower limiting −3 dB cutoff frequency of 8 mHz and a dynamic range of 95 dB. Being able to measure down to ultra low frequencies in the infrasonic frequency range will aid actors in the debate on wind turbine noise. Sonic booms from supersonic flights include frequencies down to 10 mHz and the preamplifier proposed in this paper will aid scientists trying to modify the N-shaped shock wave at high level which prohibits flights in land zones.
8
Li, Peipei, Qi Wei, Bin Zhou, and Li Luo. "A 5.3nv/rt Hz, 0.1nA Input Bias Current Amplifier with both Low and High Voltage Output Capability, Range of 4-50V, Using a BJT Input Stage with a Novel Base Current Compensation Structure." In 2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Circuits and Systems (ICCS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccs56666.2022.9936456.
Full text
9
Opie, Saul, and Woosoon Yim. "A Tunable Vibration Isolator Using a Magnetorheological Elastomer With a Field Induced Modulus Bias." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41505.
Full textAbstract:
Magnetorheological Elastomers (MRE) are composed of a ferromagnetic filler, micron sized iron particles, in an elastomer matrix. When a magnetic field is applied to an MRE, the iron particles develop a dipole interaction energy, which results in the material displaying a field dependent modulus. MRE materials have received attention in the last decade due in part to their potential application in semi-active vibration isolators. However, compared to MR fluid dampers, few applications of MRE materials have been developed, and no commercial devices are available. This paper describes the development of an MRE based isolator. Unique to this design is the introduction of a field induced modulus bias via a permanent magnet, which can be offset with a current input to the electromagnetic control coil. If the field bias is not significant enough to saturate the iron particles then an appropriately directed input current can also further increase the field induced modulus. Such a Biased Magnetorheological Elastomer (B-MRE) could be useful for applications where the designer wishes to decrease the system stiffness, something that has not been addressed by other MRE based devices.
10
Levin, T. M. "The Root of All “IVA”—A Quantitative Analysis of LSIM Bias/Detection Systems." In ISTFA 2004. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2004p0600.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The transfer functions of the bias/detection circuits used in various laser signal injection microscopy (LSIM) techniques, especially for those using constant current bias/detection schemes, are largely unknown. This article provides both qualitative and quantitative measures of various LSIM bias/detection schemes to develop a more complete understanding of the varying measurement systems. The authors have measured the characteristics of a variety of bias/detection circuits in ways that are similar to the characterization of a linear integrated circuit. They have concentrated on examining the frequency response, pulse response, and noise levels. It was found that the LSIM bias/detection systems have widely varying characteristics which, in turn will affect how they can be optimized. Furthermore, the relationship between the frequency and noise characteristics of the bias/detection systems and the input signal that is to be detected point to differing ways in which the systems can be modified for improved performance.
Reports on the topic "Input Bias Current"
1
Kottke, Albert, Norman Abrahamson, David Boore, et al. Selection of Random Vibration Procedures for the NGA-East Project. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ltmu9309.
Full textAbstract:
Pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) is the most commonly used intensity measure in earthquake engineering as it serves as a simple approximate predictor of structural response for many types of systems. Therefore, most ground-motion models (GMMs, aka GMPEs) provide median and standard deviation PSA using a suite of input parameters characterizing the source, path, and site effects. Unfortunately, PSA is a complex metric: the PSA for a single oscillator frequency depends on the Fourier amplitudes across a range of frequencies. The Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) is an appealing alternative because its simple linear superposition allows effects to be modeled as transfer functions. For this reason, most seismological models, i.e., the source spectrum, are developed for the FAS. Using FAS in conjunction with random-vibration theory (RVT) allows GMM developers to superimpose seismological models directly, computing PSA only at the end of the process. The FAS-RVT-PSA approach was first used by the Hollenback et al. team in their development of GMMs for the Next Generation Attenuation Relationships for Central & Eastern North-America (NGA-East) project (see Chapter 11 of PEER Report No. 2015/04). As part of the NGA-East project to support the Hollenback et al. team and similar efforts, the current report summarizes a systematic processing algorithm for FAS that minimizes computational requirements and bias that results from the RVT approximation for median GMM development.
2
Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Emilia Flores, et al. Impact of Healthcare Algorithms on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer268.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. To examine the evidence on whether and how healthcare algorithms (including algorithm-informed decision tools) exacerbate, perpetuate, or reduce racial and ethnic disparities in access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes, and examine strategies that mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development and use of algorithms. Data sources. We searched published and grey literature for relevant studies published between January 2011 and February 2023. Based on expert guidance, we determined that earlier articles are unlikely to reflect current algorithms. We also hand-searched reference lists of relevant studies and reviewed suggestions from experts and stakeholders. Review methods. Searches identified 11,500 unique records. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we screened and selected studies to assess one or both Key Questions (KQs): (1) the effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare outcomes and (2) the effect of strategies or approaches to mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development, validation, dissemination, and implementation of algorithms. Outcomes of interest included access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes. We assessed studies’ methodologic risk of bias (ROB) using the ROBINS-I tool and piloted an appraisal supplement to assess racial and ethnic equity-related ROB. We completed a narrative synthesis and cataloged study characteristics and outcome data. We also examined four Contextual Questions (CQs) designed to explore the context and capture insights on practical aspects of potential algorithmic bias. CQ 1 examines the problem’s scope within healthcare. CQ 2 describes recently emerging standards and guidance on how racial and ethnic bias can be prevented or mitigated during algorithm development and deployment. CQ 3 explores stakeholder awareness and perspectives about the interaction of algorithms and racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare. We addressed these CQs through supplemental literature reviews and conversations with experts and key stakeholders. For CQ 4, we conducted an in-depth analysis of a sample of six algorithms that have not been widely evaluated before in the published literature to better understand how their design and implementation might contribute to disparities. Results. Fifty-eight studies met inclusion criteria, of which three were included for both KQs. One study was a randomized controlled trial, and all others used cohort, pre-post, or modeling approaches. The studies included numerous types of clinical assessments: need for intensive care or high-risk care management; measurement of kidney or lung function; suitability for kidney or lung transplant; risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, lung cancer, prostate cancer, postpartum depression, or opioid misuse; and warfarin dosing. We found evidence suggesting that algorithms may: (a) reduce disparities (i.e., revised Kidney Allocation System, prostate cancer screening tools); (b) perpetuate or exacerbate disparities (e.g., estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] for kidney function measurement, cardiovascular disease risk assessments); and/or (c) have no effect on racial or ethnic disparities. Algorithms for which mitigation strategies were identified are included in KQ 2. We identified six types of strategies often used to mitigate the potential of algorithms to contribute to disparities: removing an input variable; replacing a variable; adding one or more variables; changing or diversifying the racial and ethnic composition of the patient population used to train or validate a model; creating separate algorithms or thresholds for different populations; and modifying the statistical or analytic techniques used by an algorithm. Most mitigation efforts improved proximal outcomes (e.g., algorithmic calibration) for targeted populations, but it is more challenging to infer or extrapolate effects on longer term outcomes, such as racial and ethnic disparities. The scope of racial and ethnic bias related to algorithms and their application is difficult to quantify, but it clearly extends across the spectrum of medicine. Regulatory, professional, and corporate stakeholders are undertaking numerous efforts to develop standards for algorithms, often emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and representativeness. Conclusions. Algorithms have been shown to potentially perpetuate, exacerbate, and sometimes reduce racial and ethnic disparities. Disparities were reduced when race and ethnicity were incorporated into an algorithm to intentionally tackle known racial and ethnic disparities in resource allocation (e.g., kidney transplant allocation) or disparities in care (e.g., prostate cancer screening that historically led to Black men receiving more low-yield biopsies). It is important to note that in such cases the rationale for using race and ethnicity was clearly delineated and did not conflate race and ethnicity with ancestry and/or genetic predisposition. However, when algorithms include race and ethnicity without clear rationale, they may perpetuate the incorrect notion that race is a biologic construct and contribute to disparities. Finally, some algorithms may reduce or perpetuate disparities without containing race and ethnicity as an input. Several modeling studies showed that applying algorithms out of context of original development (e.g., illness severity scores used for crisis standards of care) could perpetuate or exacerbate disparities. On the other hand, algorithms may also reduce disparities by standardizing care and reducing opportunities for implicit bias (e.g., Lung Allocation Score for lung transplantation). Several mitigation strategies have been shown to potentially reduce the contribution of algorithms to racial and ethnic disparities. Results of mitigation efforts are highly context specific, relating to unique combinations of algorithm, clinical condition, population, setting, and outcomes. Important future steps include increasing transparency in algorithm development and implementation, increasing diversity of research and leadership teams, engaging diverse patient and community groups in the development to implementation lifecycle, promoting stakeholder awareness (including patients) of potential algorithmic risk, and investing in further research to assess the real-world effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities before widespread implementation.
3
Saldanha, Ian J., Andrea C. Skelly, Kelly Vander Ley, et al. Inclusion of Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsguidenrsi.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Nonrandomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) are observational or experimental studies of the effectiveness and/or harms of interventions, in which participants are not randomized to intervention groups. There is increasingly widespread recognition that advancements in the design and analysis of NRSIs allow NRSI evidence to have a much more prominent role in decision making, and not just as ancillary evidence to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objective: To guide decisions about inclusion of NRSIs for addressing the effects of interventions in systematic reviews (SRs), this chapter updates the 2010 guidance on inclusion of NRSIs in Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) SRs. The chapter focuses on considerations for decisions to include or exclude NRSIs in SRs. Methods: In November 2020, AHRQ convened a 20-member workgroup that comprised 13 members representing 8 of 9 AHRQ-appointed EPCs, 3 AHRQ representatives, 1 independent consultant with expertise in SRs, and 3 representatives of the AHRQ-appointed Scientific Resource Center. The workgroup received input from the full EPC Program regarding the process and specific issues through discussions at a virtual meeting and two online surveys regarding challenges with NRSI inclusion in SRs. One survey focused on current practices by EPCs regarding NRSI inclusion in ongoing and recently completed SRs. The other survey focused on the appropriateness, completeness, and usefulness of existing EPC Program methods guidance. The workgroup considered the virtual meeting and survey input when identifying aspects of the guidance that needed updating. The workgroup used an informal method for generating consensus about guidance. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. Results: We outline considerations for the inclusion of NRSIs in SRs of intervention effectiveness. We describe the strengths and limitations of RCTs, study design features and types of NRSIs, and key considerations for making decisions about inclusion of NRSIs (during the stages of topic scoping and refinement, SR team formation, protocol development, SR conduct, and SR reporting). We discuss how NRSIs may be applicable for the decisional dilemma being addressed in the SR, threats to the internal validity of NRSIs, as well as various data sources and advanced analytic methods that may be used in NRSIs. Finally, we outline an approach to incorporating NRSIs within an SR and key considerations for reporting. Conclusion: The main change from the previous guidance is the overall approach to decisions about inclusion of NRSIs in EPC SRs. Instead of recommending NRSI inclusion only if RCTs are insufficient to address the Key Question, this updated guidance handles NRSI evidence as a valuable source of information and lays out important considerations for decisions about the inclusion of NRSIs in SRs of intervention effectiveness. Different topics may require different decisions regarding NRSI inclusion. This guidance is intended to improve the utility of the final product to end-users. Inclusion of NRSIs will increase the scope, time, and resources needed to complete SRs, and NRSIs pose potential threats to validity, such as selection bias, confounding, and misclassification of interventions. Careful consideration must be given to both concerns.