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Journal articles on the topic 'Input intensity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mjelde, James W., M. Edward Rister, Ronald C. Griffin, and Lawrence A. Lippke. "Are Government Programs Influencing Input Intensity?" Review of Agricultural Economics 14, no. 2 (1992): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1349502.

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2

Udina, A., and Lc Jain. "Skylight Light Intensity Data Logging System." Active and Passive Electronic Components 20, no. 1 (1997): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/61913.

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The design of a skylight intensity data logging system is presented. The proposed system is able to accept 32 inputs in two 16 input blocks with capabilities for further expansion. A typical application would be to simultaneously monitor real time change in light intensity in two skylight units, over a chosen periods of minutes, hours or days.

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3

Sochr, D., R. Adamovský, J. Kára, and I. Hanzlíková. "Evaluation of the influence of fermentation input substrates preparation on biogas production intensity." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 2 (2014): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/72/2012-rae.

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The article is aimed at verification of the effect of chaff length of fermented material and duration time of the contact of material with oxygen before dosing into the fermenter, on production and energy content of biogas. The results of the verification showed an effect of chaff length in the fermented material on production and energy content of the biogas at processing grass silage with high content of dry-matter and especially maize silage. When processing maize silage, optimal length of chaff in terms of production and energy content of biogas was 13 mm, with grass silage it was from 69

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4

Tang, Luyang, Bangke Lu, and Tianhai Tian. "The Effect of Input Digitalization on Carbon Emission Intensity: An Empirical Analysis Based on China’s Manufacturing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (2023): 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043174.

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Digitalization is an excellent opportunity for the manufacturing industry all over the world to improve the core competitiveness and break through the “low-end locking” dilemma. However, it is not clear whether the digitalization of the manufacturing industry has positive ecological and environmental benefits under the resource and environmental constraints. To answer this question, we use the data from the world input–output database (WIOD) to investigate the impact of manufacturing input digitalization on carbon emission intensity by an extended analysis. The results show that the input digi

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5

Baptist, Simon, and Cameron Hepburn. "Intermediate inputs and economic productivity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1986 (2013): 20110565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0565.

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Many models of economic growth exclude materials, energy and other intermediate inputs from the production function. Growing environmental pressures and resource prices suggest that this may be increasingly inappropriate. This paper explores the relationship between intermediate input intensity, productivity and national accounts using a panel dataset of manufacturing subsectors in the USA over 47 years. The first contribution is to identify sectoral production functions that incorporate intermediate inputs, while allowing for heterogeneity in both technology and productivity. The second contr

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6

Gebregziabher, Kidane Mariam. "Agricultural Extension Service and Input Application Intensity: Evidence from Ethiopia." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, no. 9 (2014): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i9.533.

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This paper examines factors that influence agricultural input adoption in the northern part of Ethiopia. Using a 730 households survey data set, a Tobit model is estimated to explain the factors that influence farmersâ€™ decision to adopt modern inputs or not. The factors found to significantly influence included: plot size, oxen ownership, gender, age and literacy status of the household head, adult labor force, total non-farm income, extension service and location variables. The results confirm the adoption theory.

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7

Farsad, Nariman, Will Chuang, Andrea Goldsmith, et al. "Capacities and Optimal Input Distributions for Particle-Intensity Channels." IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications 6, no. 3 (2020): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmbmc.2020.3035371.

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8

Peeters, Thijs, and Wolfgang Sofka. "Knowledge Protection and Input Intensity Arising from Open Innovation." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (2015): 13050. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.13050abstract.

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9

Kaplan, Abram, and John Steinhart. "Spatial dimensions of farm input intensity: A pilot study." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 45, no. 1 (1990): 128–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224561.1990.12456448.

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10

Irvine, D. R. F., V. N. Park, and L. McCormick. "Mechanisms Underlying the Sensitivity of Neurons in the Lateral Superior Olive to Interaural Intensity Differences." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 6 (2001): 2647–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.6.2647.

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The initial processing of interaural intensity differences (IIDs), the major cue to the azimuthal location of high-frequency sounds in mammals, is carried out by neurons in the lateral superior olivary nucleus (LSO) that receive excitatory input from the ipsilateral ear and inhibitory input from the contralateral ear (IE neurons). The “latency” hypothesis asserts that it is the effects of intensity differences on the latency, and hence the relative timing, of the synaptic inputs to these neurons that is the basis of their sensitivity to IIDs, while other models assign the major role to changes

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11

Urch, Catherine. "Normal Pain Transmission." Reviews in Pain 1, no. 1 (2007): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204946370700100102.

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• Acute (normal) pain transmission is part of a survival response to prevent tissue damage and attend to and protect damaged tissue. • A cycle of afferent transmission, response to stimuli, followed by temporary hypersensitivity, then attenuation and resolution occurs. • Primary afferent, spinal cord ascending and descending pathways are fixed; however the response elicited is highly dynamic and not a linear relationship with input intensity. • Somatic inputs are topographically accurate, in contrast to diffuse visceral inputs. • Primary afferents code differentially for stimuli (heat, acid, p

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SUN, Bo, and Zeyang SUN. "Evaluation to Independent Innovation Ability of High-Tech Industry in China Based on Efficiency-Scale-Expectation Perspective." Journal of Chinese Economy 3, no. 3 (2024): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48014/jce.20240402005.

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The independent innovation ability indicator of the high-tech industry is decomposed by the inputoutput efficiency of innovation resources, the possession scale of innovation resources, and the expected level of innovation progress, which will evaluate China’s provincial independent innovation ability of the hightech industry. The results show that: ① There are few provinces with strong scientific and technological independent innovation ability in the high-tech industry, and the gap between them is large, while many provinces with weak innovation ability have a small gap with each other and a

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13

Koops, D. T., M. Saxena, O. J. Boxma, and M. Mandjes. "Infinite-server queues with Hawkes input." Journal of Applied Probability 55, no. 3 (2018): 920–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2018.58.

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Abstract In this paper we study the number of customers in infinite-server queues with a self-exciting (Hawkes) arrival process. Initially we assume that service requirements are exponentially distributed and that the Hawkes arrival process is of a Markovian nature. We obtain a system of differential equations that characterizes the joint distribution of the arrival intensity and the number of customers. Moreover, we provide a recursive procedure that explicitly identifies (transient and stationary) moments. Subsequently, we allow for non-Markovian Hawkes arrival processes and nonexponential s

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14

Ziauddin, Ray-Kuang Lee, and Sajid Qamar. "Control of Goos–Hänchen shift via input probe field intensity." Optics Communications 379 (November 2016): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.05.055.

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15

Wang, Feng, Min Wu, and Jiachen Hong. "Exploring the Effects of Industrial Structure, Technology, and Energy Efficiency on China’s Carbon Intensity and Their Contributions to Carbon Intensity Target." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 8016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198016.

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To achieve the national carbon intensity (NCI) target, China should adopt effective mitigation measures. This paper aims to examine the effects of key mitigation measures on NCI. Using the input-output table in 2017, this paper establishes the elasticity model of NCI to investigate the effects of industrial development, intermediate input coefficients, energy efficiency, and residential energy saving on NCI, and further evaluates the contributions of key measures on achieving NCI target. The results are shown as follows. First, the development of seven sectors will promote the increase of NCI

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16

Petersen, H., M. Magnusson, R. Johansson, M. Akesson, and PA Fransson. "Acoustic cues and postural control." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 27, no. 2 (1995): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977199599104.

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The effect of auditory input on postural control was evaluated in separate experiments performed in three groups of healthy volunteers. Auditory input took the form either of feedback signals generated by a force platform in response to the subject's postural control movements, or of field orientation (frame of reference) input provided by repeated clicks emitted by loudspeakers in a normally reverberative environment. The effect of these acoustic cues was measured in terms of body sway recorded on a force platform during stance perturbations induced by vibratory stimuli applied to the calf mu

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Petersen, H., M. Magnusson, R. Johansson, M. Akesson, and PA Fransson. "Acoustic cues and postural control." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 27, no. 2 (2020): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977952799104.

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The effect of auditory input on postural control was evaluated in separate experiments performed in three groups of healthy volunteers. Auditory input took the form either of feedback signals generated by a force platform in response to the subject's postural control movements, or of field orientation (frame of reference) input provided by repeated clicks emitted by loudspeakers in a normally reverberative environment. The effect of these acoustic cues was measured in terms of body sway recorded on a force platform during stance perturbations induced by vibratory stimuli applied to the calf mu

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18

Hara, Takuya. "Comprehensive Comparison between Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Using a Multi-Dimensional Techno-Economic Assessment Diagram: Concept and Application." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 3 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9030041.

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This paper presents a visualization methodology, in the form of a multi-dimensional techno-economic assessment diagram, to comprehensively illustrate the relationship between assumptions (sets of input parameters) and results (corresponding output variables). This methodology is applied to analyze the lifecycle costs and CO2 emissions of hybrid vehicles (HVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). This paper then develops an eight-dimensional interactive diagram showing the relative advantages of HVs or EVs in the input space consisting of the following parameters: HV fuel efficiency; EV energy efficien

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19

Kleijn, D., F. Kohler, A. Báldi, et al. "On the relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1658 (2008): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1509.

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Worldwide agriculture is one of the main drivers of biodiversity decline. Effective conservation strategies depend on the type of relationship between biodiversity and land-use intensity, but to date the shape of this relationship is unknown. We linked plant species richness with nitrogen (N) input as an indicator of land-use intensity on 130 grasslands and 141 arable fields in six European countries. Using Poisson regression, we found that plant species richness was significantly negatively related to N input on both field types after the effects of confounding environmental factors had been

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20

Moitzi, Gerhard, Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner, Hans-Peter Kaul, and Helmut Wagentristl. "Effect of tillage systems on energy input and energy efficiency for sugar beet and soybean under Pannonian climate conditions." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 3 (2021): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/615/2020-pse.

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Sustainable cropping systems require efficient usage of fossil energy. This study performed on a long-term field experiment in the Pannonian Basis investigated the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough (MP), deep conservation tillage (CT<sub>d</sub>), shallow conservation tillage (CT<sub>s</sub>) and no-tillage (NT)) for sugar beet and soybean production, taking fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect inputs), crop yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency into account. Th

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21

Aleshkin, A. P., A. R. Pavlov, O. M. Stepanyuk, and N. S. Toporkov. "Methods of prediction intensity of user loads subscribers Earth stations in a satellite communication network." Issues of radio electronics, no. 11 (November 20, 2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-11-11-17.

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There are considered the features of a satellite communication system organization on the basis of DVB-RCS standard. In order to use effectively the satellite channel capacity it is necessary to form an optimal frequency-and-time structure of a reverse channel that depends, as well, on efficiency of earth stations user load intensity forecast. The methodology of forecast of earth stations subscribers user loads by means of estimation of static and dynamic characteristics of a packet data traffic is proposed. For estimation of input flow intensity and forecast of required capacity approximation

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22

Wang, Yang, Meng Sun, Rui Xie, and Xiangjie Chen. "Multiplicative Structural Decomposition Analysis of Spatial Differences in Energy Intensity among G20 Countries." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082832.

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Comparing the spatial differences in the energy intensity of the Group of Twenty (G20) countries and identifying the factors that influence these differences can help the G20 countries formulate targeted policies to achieve energy conservation goals. This study analyzes the spatial differences in the G20 countries’ energy intensity at the aggregate and sectoral levels based on an input–output framework and reveals its driving factors by employing multiplicative structural decomposition analysis, obtaining the sectoral energy intensity, input structure, and final demand structure effects. The r

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23

Bečka, D., J. Vašák, P. Kroutil, and P. Štranc. "Autumn growth and development of different winter oilseed rape variety types at three input levels." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 4 (2011): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4077-pse.

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The autumn growth and development was studied in three types of winter oilseed rape varieties (line, hybrid and genetically modified hybrid) at three technologies (intensity, standard and low input). Technologies were different by soil preparation before sowing, sowing rate, chemical treatment levels, growth regulation and fertilisation. It is evident from the autumn period 1999&ndash;2002, that the yield of biomass and roots in the autumn period was influenced by the technology and year conditions (water soil condition). The occurrence of surface soil clods influenced negatively the creat

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24

Sohi, M. Heydarzadeh, S. Shahbazi, and A. Halvaee. "Study of Surface Melting of Pre-Plasma Sprayed WC-14%Co Low Carbon Steel." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.697.

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In this study tungsten inert gas (TIG) surface melting of pre- plasma sprayed WC-14%Co low carbon steel has been studied. Surface melting was performed under different heat inputs by using various TIG parameters including intensity and kind of current. Microstructure and microhardness of surface alloyed specimens were then studied. Eutectic structures containing tungsten-rich carbides were shaped in a matrix including martensite lath, when high heat input was used. Decreasing at heat input affected the microstructure of the alloyed layers, and high amount of faceted tungsten-rich carbides (Fe3

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25

Bambos, Nicholas, and Jean Walrand. "On queues with periodic inputs." Journal of Applied Probability 26, no. 2 (1989): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214043.

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We consider a single-server queue with a periodic and ergodic input. It is shown that if the traffic intensity is less than 1, then the waiting time process is asymptotically periodic. Limit theorems associated with the asymptotic behavior of the queue are also proven. The results are then extended to acyclic networks of queues with periodic inputs. Particular cases of these results had been previously obtained for a single queue with periodic Poisson arrival input process and with independent and identically distributed service times.

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Bambos, Nicholas, and Jean Walrand. "On queues with periodic inputs." Journal of Applied Probability 26, no. 02 (1989): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200027364.

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We consider a single-server queue with a periodic and ergodic input. It is shown that if the traffic intensity is less than 1, then the waiting time process is asymptotically periodic. Limit theorems associated with the asymptotic behavior of the queue are also proven. The results are then extended to acyclic networks of queues with periodic inputs. Particular cases of these results had been previously obtained for a single queue with periodic Poisson arrival input process and with independent and identically distributed service times.

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27

Šánová, Petra, David Mareš, Daniel Dědina, Sergey Yekimov, and Sergii Sharov. "Comparison of the energy intensity of table apple production in the Czech Republic." E3S Web of Conferences 452 (2023): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345201006.

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The study deals with the issue of energy intensity of domestic (Czech Republic) table apple production in certified and non-certified enterprises in the Czech Republic according to the GLOBALG.A.P. standard. The aim of the study is to find out what are the differences in energy intensity (achieving output through inputs) of certified and non-certified enterprises according to the GLOBALG.A.P. standard. Also, when examining energy relationships, it was concluded that the group of certified producers expend the input energy with greater efficiency and productivity.

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Geng, Dian Ming, and Jia Xiang Liu. "Dynamics of Regional Recycling Economy Development Based on Material Flow Analysis: A Case Study in Shandong Province." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2961.

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In order to study the development of regional recycling economy, the material inputs and outputs of the eco-economic system in Shandong Province during the period from 1996 to 2009 were systematically analyzed by the material flow analysis(MFA). The results show that, (1)excluding water, material inputs and outputs rose persistently, but both were lower than the rate of GDP growth. (2)Water supply had a turning point in 2003, from 25.239 billion tons down to 21.934 billion tons, followed by the total annual water supply has been maintained at 220 million tons. At the same time the amount of wa

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29

AGUDOV, N. V., and A. V. KRICHIGIN. "INVESTIGATION OF STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN MONOSTABLE SYSTEMS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 18, no. 09 (2008): 2833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812740802207x.

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The phenomena of stochastic resonance is studied in overdamped nonlinear monostable systems driven by a periodic signal and Gaussian white noise. It is shown that the signal power amplification as a function of input noise intensity can be different depending on nonlinearity: it can monotonically grow, decrease and it can reach a maximum at certain value of the noise intensity. Nevertheless, the output signal to noise ratio is shown to be always a decreasing function of input noise intensity.

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Liu, Di, and Yong Xu. "Random Disordered Periodical Input Induced Chaos in Discontinuous Systems." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 29, no. 01 (2019): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127419500020.

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In this paper, we extend the random Melnikov method from stochastic systems with a continuous vector field to discontinuous systems driven by a random disordered periodic input under the assumption that the unperturbed system is a piecewise Hamiltonian system. By measuring the distance of the perturbed stable and unstable manifolds, the nonsmooth random Melnikov process can be derived in detail, and then the mean square criterion for the onset of chaos is established in the statistical sense. It is shown that the threshold for the onset of chaos depends on the stochastic force and a scalar fun

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Khalid, Muhammad Irslan, Yonggook Lee, Yonghee Lee, Hak-Sung Kim, and Duhee Park. "Effect of Characteristics of Ground Motion on Seismically Induced Sliding Surface of Slopes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125319.

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The seismic performance of slopes is typically evaluated with a pseudo-static method using equivalent horizontal load or with Newmark sliding block analysis. In both procedures, the definition of the potential sliding surface is a required input. The sliding surface has been reported to be marginally influenced by the input ground motion and, therefore, is most often assumed from a pseudo-static procedure. In this study, extensive series of two-dimensional dynamic nonlinear finite element analyses are performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the sliding surface on the slope geometry, soil stre

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Heller, James H., Raymond A. Sturner, Sandra G. Funk, and Michael D. Feezor. "The Effect of Input Mode on Vocabulary Identification Performance at Low Intensity." Journal of Educational Computing Research 9, no. 4 (1993): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bfue-w80t-273w-ud8u.

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The effect of input device (touchscreen vs. number keyboard) on preschoolers' vocabulary identification performance at low intensity was examined. Both methods of input were easily learned by preschool children as young as three and one-half years of age. Vocabulary identification performance at a comfortable listening level was equivalent for both groups [keyboard (95%); touchscreen (97%)]. However, as signal intensity increased, the touchscreen group identified the target words at a lower intensity level than the keyboard group. The results indicate that operating a number keyboard can inter

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Bui, Kien, Chau Dinh, Nguyen Manh Thang, and Pham Thanh Quang. "Capacity to generate random signals by semi-nonlinear coupler." Journal of Military Science and Technology 89 (August 25, 2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.89.2023.94-102.

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The semi-nonlinear coupler (SNC) is used to split an optical signal into two different amplitude signals, and to reshape a series of signals. The mentioned applications are based on the monotonical dependence of the transmission coefficients on the input intensity, which changes in an interval. In this paper, we show that there is a certain interval of input intensity, in which the transmission coefficients overlap one to other. This behaviors of SNC can be used to generate random signals. Using the expression described the output-input power relation, the expression of the optical merge signa

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Ni, Zhuoya, Qifeng Lu, Yishu Xu, and Hongyuan Huo. "Intensity Simulation of a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer." Sensors 20, no. 7 (2020): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071833.

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This paper introduces an intensity simulation for the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer whose core element is the Michelson interferometer to provide support for the on-orbit monitoring of the instrument and to improve the data processing and application of the Fourier transform spectrometer. The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Imager (GIIRS) aboard on Fengyun-4B (FY-4B) satellite, which will be launched in 2020, aims to provide hyperspectral infrared observations. An intensity simulation of the Michelson interferometer based on the GIIRS’s instrument parameters is systematically

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Shi, Xiao Yan, Wu Yang, Hua Yang, and Xiu Ze Wang. "Modes Excitation in Five-Mode Photonic Crystal Waveguides of Triangular Lattice." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.196.

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We study modes excitation with input field of different positions in five-mode photonic crystal waveguides of triangular lattice. The five-mode photonic crystal waveguides is formed by removing five rows rods in 2D photonic crystals of a triangular lattice of dielectric rods in air. The 0th mode, the 1st mode and the 2nd modes are selectively excited. The input field with different positions can excite different modes due to the field intensity distribution of modes. When the input field locates at the position of the zero field intensity of the waveguide mode, the mode can not be excited. The

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Linn, Rodman R., Judith L. Winterkamp, James H. Furman, et al. "Modeling Low Intensity Fires: Lessons Learned from 2012 RxCADRE." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020139.

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Coupled fire-atmosphere models are increasingly being used to study low-intensity fires, such as those that are used in prescribed fire applications. Thus, the need arises to evaluate these models for their ability to accurately represent fire spread in marginal burning conditions. In this study, wind and fuel data collected during the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiments (RxCADRE) fire campaign were used to generate initial and boundary conditions for coupled fire-atmosphere simulations. We present a novel method to obtain fuels representation at the model

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Darcy, R. T., D. McCloskey, K. E. Ballantine, J. G. Lunney, P. R. Eastham, and J. F. Donegan. "Conical diffraction intensity profiles generated using a top-hat input beam." Optics Express 22, no. 9 (2014): 11290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.011290.

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Biebler, Edith. "The intensity of energy for consumption investigated with input — output models." Annual Review in Automatic Programming 12 (January 1985): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(85)90346-5.

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39

Llop, Maria. "Economic structure and pollution intensity within the environmental input–output framework." Energy Policy 35, no. 6 (2007): 3410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2006.12.015.

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Su, Bin, and B. W. Ang. "Multiplicative decomposition of aggregate carbon intensity change using input–output analysis." Applied Energy 154 (September 2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.101.

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Shi, Xiao Yan, Wu Yang, Hua Yang, and Xiu Ze Wang. "Modes Excitation by Input Field of Different Positions in Three-Mode Photonic Crystal Waveguides." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.45.

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We investigate modes excitation with input field of different positions in three-mode photonic crystal waveguides. The three-mode photonic crystal waveguides is formed by removing three rows rods in 2D photonic crystals. The input field with different positions can excite different modes due to the field intensity distribution of modes. When the input field locates at the position of the zero field intensity of the waveguide mode, the mode can not be excited. The finite-difference time-domain method is used to obtain the excited field distributions.

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He, Li, and Xian Guo Ye. "A Study on Elastic Input Energy Spectra Based on the Compound Intensity Indicator." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.140.

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Determination of a SDOFS elastic input energy is the primary problem to solve for energy-based design approach. The effect of ground motion and damping ratio were analyzed on the input energy spectra. is selected as the compound ground motion intensity indicator to represent the damage potential of strong ground motion. Through inputting of 188 seismic records according to the site classification of Chinese seismic code, three-segment elastic energy spectra are proposed based on normalization methods. The calculation formula of the peak and the value of long-period section of the input energy

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McGinty, Vincent B., and Anthony A. Grace. "Timing-Dependent Regulation of Evoked Spiking in Nucleus Accumbens Neurons by Integration of Limbic and Prefrontal Cortical Inputs." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 4 (2009): 1823–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91162.2008.

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Single nucleus accumbens (NAcc) neurons receive excitatory synaptic input from cortical and limbic structures, and the integration of converging goal- and motivation-related signals in these neurons influences reward-directed actions. While limbic/cortical synaptic input summation has been characterized at subthreshold intensities, the manner in which multiple inputs govern NAcc neuron spike discharge has not been measured and is poorly understood. Single NAcc neurons were recorded in urethane-anesthetized rats, and spiking was evoked by coincident stimulation of two major NAcc afferent region

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Makate, Clifton, and Marshall Makate. "Do Rainfall Shocks Prompt Commercial Input Purchases Amongst Smallholder Farmers in Diverse Regions and Environments in Malawi?" Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 14904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214904.

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The ability of farmers to acquire inputs through purchase from available markets empowers them with the autonomy and capacity to diversify inputs, consequently enhancing the resilience of their cropping activities to various shocks. This paper investigates whether climate shocks, particularly rainfall shocks, influence commercial input purchase decisions by smallholder farmers in contrasting geographic regions in Malawi, with a particular emphasis on fertilizer, agrochemicals, seed, and labor. The empirical approach integrates historical weather information, climate shock perceptions with a lo

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Sokólski, Mateusz, Krzysztof Józef Jankowski, Dariusz Załuski, and Artur Szatkowski. "Productivity, Energy and Economic Balance in the Production of Different Cultivars of Winter Oilseed Rape. A Case Study in North-Eastern Poland." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (2020): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040508.

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In this study, the agricultural inputs, energy requirements and costs associated with the production of semi-dwarf (PR45 D03 and Avenir) and long-stem (Visby) cultivars of winter oilseed rape were optimized in an experiment with 35-1 fractional factorial design. A field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny (north-eastern Poland) in 2008–2011. The study investigated the responses of two morphotypes of hybrid cultivars of winter oilseed rape to key yield-forming factors (seeding date, seeding rate, nitrogen fertilization) and yield protection factors (fung

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Pizza, Marco, Francesca Ferrario, Alessandro M. Michetti, M. Magdalena Velázquez-Bucio, Pierre Lacan, and Sabina Porfido. "Intensity Prediction Equations Based on the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-07) Scale: Application to Normal Fault Earthquakes." Applied Sciences 14, no. 17 (2024): 8048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14178048.

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Earthquake environmental effects may significantly contribute to the damage caused by seismic events; similar to ground motion, the environmental effects are globally stronger in the vicinity and decrease moving away from the epicenter or seismogenic source. To date, a single intensity prediction equation (IPE) has been proposed in the Italian Apennines for intensity scale dealings with environmental effects: the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-07). Here, we evaluate the sensitivity of the IPE with respect to input data and methodological choices and we propose IPEs with global validity f

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Emran, Shah-Al, Timothy J. Krupnik, Sreejith Aravindakshan, Virender Kumar, and Cameron M. Pittelkow. "Factors contributing to farm-level productivity and household income generation in coastal Bangladesh’s rice-based farming systems." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0256694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256694.

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Large changes have taken place in smallholder farming systems in South Asia’s coastal areas in recent decades, particularly related to cropping intensity, input availability, climate risks, and off-farm activities. However, few studies have investigated the extent to which these changes have impacted farm-level crop productivity, which is a key driver of food security and poverty in rainfed, low-input, rice-based systems. The objective of this study was to conduct an integrated assessment of variables related to socioeconomic status, farm characteristics, and crop management practices to under

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Cheng, Juanjuan, Qian Wang, Huanmin Zhang, Toyohiko Matsubara, Naoki Yoshikawa, and Jin Yu. "Does Farm Size Expansion Improve the Agricultural Environment? Evidence from Apple Farmers in China." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (2022): 1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111800.

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Farmland environmental pollution has put greater pressure on the sustainability of agricultural production systems. Exploring the relationship between farm size and environmental pollution in agriculture can help provide realistic guidance for stakeholders. In this study, the research data from apple farmers in China were used to measure the environmental pollutant emissions caused by apple production using the life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The mediating effect model was used to examine the mechanisms and pathways by which farm size affects the environmental effects of apple production

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Lotz, S., B. Heilig, and P. Sutcliffe. "A solar-wind-driven empirical model of Pc3 wave activity at a mid-latitude location." Annales Geophysicae 33, no. 2 (2015): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-225-2015.

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Abstract. In this paper we describe the development of two empirical models of Pc3 wave activity observed at a ground station. The models are tasked to predict pulsation intensity at Tihany, Hungary, from the OMNI solar wind data set at 5 min time resolution. One model is based on artificial neural networks and the other on multiple linear regression. Input parameters to the models are iteratively selected from a larger set of candidate inputs. The optimal set of inputs are solar wind speed, interplanetary magnetic field orientation (via cone angle), proton density and solar zenith angle (repr

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Wang, Shangjiu, Shaohua Zhang, and Liang Cheng. "Drivers and Decoupling Effects of PM2.5 Emissions in China: An Application of the Generalized Divisia Index." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (2023): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20020921.

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Although economic growth brings abundant material wealth, it is also associated with serious PM2.5 pollution. Decoupling PM2.5 emissions from economic development is important for China’s long-term sustainable development. In this paper, the generalized Divisia index method (GDIM) is extended by introducing innovation indicators to investigate the main drivers of PM2.5 pollution in China and its four subregions from 2008 to 2017. Afterwards, a GDIM-based decoupling index is developed to examine the decoupling states between PM2.5 emissions and economic growth and to identify the main factors l

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