Journal articles: 'Input/Output Ratio'

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Hosseinzadeh-Lotfi, Farhad, Gholam-Reza Jahanshahloo, and Mansour Mohammadpour. "An Extension of Cross Redundancy of Interval Scale Outputs and Inputs in DEA." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/658635.

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It is well known that data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are sensitive to selection of input and output variables. As the number of variables increases, the ability to discriminate between the decision making units (DMUs) decreases. Thus, to preserve the discriminatory power of a DEA model, the number of inputs and outputs should be kept at a reasonable level. There are many cases in which an interval scale output in the sample is derived from the subtraction of nonnegative linear combination of ratio scale outputs and nonnegative linear combination of ratio scale inputs. There are also cases in which an interval scale input is derived from the subtraction of nonnegative linear combination of ratio scale inputs and nonnegative linear combination of ratio scale outputs. Lee and Choi (2010) called such interval scale output and input a cross redundancy. They proved that the addition or deletion of a cross-redundant output variable does not affect the efficiency estimates yielded by the CCR or BCC models. In this paper, we present an extension of cross redundancy of interval scale outputs and inputs in DEA models. We prove that the addition or deletion of a cross-redundant output and input variable does not affect the efficiency estimates yielded by the CCR or BCC models.

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Chen, Yao, and Agha Iqbal Ali. "Output–input ratio analysis and DEA frontier." European Journal of Operational Research 142, no. 3 (November 2002): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(01)00318-6.

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Casler, Stephen D., and Ahmad Afrasiabi. "Input composition and the energy-output ratio." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 4, no. 2 (December 1993): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0954-349x(93)90019-g.

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Fadavi, R., A. Keyhani, and S. S. Mohtasebi. "An analysis of energy use, input costs and relation between energy inputs and yield of apple orchard." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, No. 3 (September 22, 2011): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/0/2010-rae.

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This study examines the energy balance between the input and the output per hectare for an apple orchard in the West Azarbaijan province in Iran (2008–2009). Data were collected by using random sampling method for 80 “face to face” questioners. Results showed that the highest share of energy consumption belongs to packaging (57%) and irrigation (16%). The highest share of expenses was found to be 34% and 30% for labor and packaging, respectively. The total energy input for apple production, energy productivity, net energy and output-input energy value were estimated as 101,505 MJ/ha, 0.23 kg/MJ, –56,320 MJ/ha and 0.44, respectively. Results indicated that 71% and 96.7% of total energy input were in indirect and non-renewable form, respectively. The benefit-cost ratio was estimated as 1.77. The regression results revealed that all exogenous variables (for machinery, fertilizers, farmyard manure and packaging energies) were found statistically significant. The packaging had the highest impact (3.23). According to the benefit-cost ratio, large farms were more successful in economic performance.

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Asami, Yasushi, and Tony E. Smith. "ADDITIVE-RATIO MEASURES OF INTERACTMTY IN INPUT-OUTPUT SYSTEMS." Journal of Regional Science 35, no. 1 (February 1995): 85–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1995.tb01401.x.

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Liu, Hai Qing, and En Ping Liu. "Energy Balance Analysis in Hainan Province's Agriculture Sector." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 1249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.1249.

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This paper collected energy input-output data of Hainan Province agriculture sector in 21 years (1988-2008).All the direct and indirect inputs of energy for the production of main crops in Hainan were evaluated.The inputs and outputs were calculated by multiplying the amounts of inputs and outputs by their energy equivalents.The results showed that total energy input increased from 16.06 in 1988 to 38.39GJha-1 in 2008, total output energy increased from 83.92 in 1988 to 149.06GJha-1 in 2008. The net energy gain was a positive value,but a majority of the input energy emanates from non-renewable sources of energy.The energy ratio was estimated to be 5.04 and showed a declining trend during the period.This indicates that increased use of inputs ha-1 in production was accompanied by a much less increase in the output levels.Improvements in fertilizer application can significantly affect the energy efficiency of Hainan agriculture sector.

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Artyomov, Nikolay, Mikhail Podrigalo, Aziz Abdulgazis, and Umer Abdulgazis. "Determination of output-input ratio of mobile machine wheeled mover." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402101.

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The output-input ratio of a car wheel depends on power losses induced by tyre deformation. Wheel static, kinematic and dynamic radii depend on the tyre deformation radii and, consequently, predefine the mover output-input ratio. This article proposes a method to asses an instantaneous output-input ratio of a wheeled mover as a ratio between a wheel kinematic radius and dynamic radius on the basis of the analysis of the previously conducted research.

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Ivandić, Neven. "ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICES SUPPLY CHAINS: AN INPUT-OUTPUT METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK." DIEM: Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting 6, no. 1 (September 2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/diem/2021/1.2.

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The ratio of direct tourism gross value added to internal tourism consumption varies substantially from country to country. The paper aims to analyze these differences stemming from the variation and structure of their supply chains. The analysis is based on a comparative analysis of the input-output tables of France, Italy, Spain and Croatia in 2005, 2010 and 2015 published by the OECD. The analysis is performed in three steps. In the first step, an analysis based on a technical coefficient matrix is made of the structure of accommodation and food service industries supply chains in four Mediterranean countries. The second step includes the calculation of the industry’s direct import dependence. The third step compares the effects of backward linkages of inputs. Results provide an insight into the factors that determine the different abilities of economies to generate added value and indicate the possibility of increasing the added value of tourism without increasing its physical volume. Keywords: Accommodation and food services, input-output tables, supply chain

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Koknaroglu, Hayati, and Mark Peter Hoffman. "Season affects energy input/output ratio in beef cattle production." Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 7, no. 4 (2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/2318-1265jabb.v7n4p149-154.

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Walker, Douglas G., Jeffrey L. Stein, and A. Galip Ulsoy. "An Input-Output Criterion for Linear Model Deduction." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 3 (August 6, 1996): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1286819.

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Model order deduction algorithms have been developed in an effort to automate the production of accurate, minimal complexity models of dynamic systems in order to aid in the design of these systems. Previous algorithms, MODA and Extended MODA, deduce models independent of system inputs and outputs. FD-MODA uses frequency response methods to deduce models of a single input-output pair. In this paper, an input-output criterion based on controllability and observability is combined with the frequency based criterion used by MODA. The new model deduction algorithm, IO-MODA, compares the ratio of the adjacent diagonal values of the system gramian to a user specified threshold. The gramian is computed from a balanced realization of the system. IO-MODA generates an accurate multiple-input multiple-output model of minimum order with physically meaningful states. This model is called a proper MIMO model. An example problem is used to demonstrate this new model deduction algorithm. [S0022-0434(00)02103-1]

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Ado, Muhammad, Awang Jusoh, Tole Sutikno, Mohd Hanipah Muda, and Zeeshan Ahmad Arfeen. "Dual output DC-DC quasi impedance source converter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 3988. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp3988-3998.

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A double output port DC-DC quasi impedance source converter (q-ZSC) is proposed. Each of the outputs has a different voltage gain. One of the outputs is capable of bidirectional (four-quadrant) operation by only varying the duty ratio. The second output has the gain of traditional two-switch buck-boost converter. Operation of the converter was verified by simulating its responses for different input voltages and duty ratios using MATLAB SIMULINK software. Its average steady-state output current and voltage values were determined and used to determine the ripples that existed. These ripples are less than 5% of the average steady-state values for all the input voltage and duty ratio ranges considered.

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Sarigecili, Mehmet Ilteris, and Ibrahim Deniz Akcali. "Development of constant output–input force ratio in slider–crank mechanisms." Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering 27, no. 5 (May 22, 2018): 565–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415977.2018.1470625.

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13

Islam, S., and JR Sarker. "Profitability, input demand and output supply of tilapia production at Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 29, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v29i3.40010.

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Fisheries sector has high potential for the economic development of Bangladesh. Bangladesh earns a considerable amount of foreign currencies by exporting fish, shrimps and other fisheries products. This study addresses profitability of tilapia production using benefit cost ratio. The study also examines input demand and output supply of tilapia farming in Bangladesh by applying a profit function approach. Results revealed that benefit cost ratio is greater than 1, means that tilapia production is profitable in the study area. Tilapia farmers are also responsive to changes in market prices of inputs and outputs. Tilapia price is the most dominant determinant of output supply and input demand. A 1% increase in tilapia price will increase output supply by 3.836% and increase demand for lime, fingerlings, feed and labour by 0.941%, 0.987%, 0.523% and 1.00%, respectively. Problem facing index analysis shows major problems faced by the farmers were low market price of tilapia, high prices of fish feed with adulteration and inadequate supply of good quality fry. Progressive Agriculture 29 (3): 248-258, 2018

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14

Zhao, Xin, Xiangdong Ni, Qi Wang, Mingxi Bao, Sheng Li, and Shuangman Han. "Research on adaptive control strategy of hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission of a cotton picker." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 17 (April 2, 2020): 3335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220916536.

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Hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission has the advantages of good hydraulic stepless speed regulation performance and high efficiency of mechanical transmission, which can achieve the optimal matching of transmission system load and power source. In this article, an adaptive control strategy based on radial basis function neural network and proportional–integral–derivative control was proposed. The speed compound control method was used to solve the problems that the output speed of the hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission system was poor at the variable speed input and was difficult to control. The throttle opening and the engine speed were used as controller inputs. The pump–motor's displacement ratio and the output speed were used as controller outputs. Finally, the output speed of the cotton picker was stably controlled. Simulation and experimental results show that the transmission can quickly respond to the target speed and had little fluctuation based on different initial input speeds. The control strategy had good control precision and robustness. Compared with the traditional proportional–integral–derivative algorithm, the average steady-state error of the system output speed was controlled between ±0.0125%. The proposed algorithm based on radial basis function neural network proportional–integral–derivative adaptive control strategy had obvious control effect, and the stability of the speed output of the system was improved under the nonlinear input complex conditions. It provided research for the speed ratio adjustment and control of the hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission of the cotton picker.

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Kozielski, Lucjan, Agata Lisińska-Czekaj, and Dionizy Czekaj. "Design and Analysis of the PZT-Based Piezoelectric Transformer." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.198.

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Piezoelectric transformer (PT) is a combination of piezoelectric actuator and transducer, which serve as the primary side and the secondary side respectively. In the present study the disk – shaped (of 20 mm in diameter and 0.6 mm in thickness), unipoled radial mode piezoelectric transformer based on modified PZT-type solid solution was custom designed and fabricated. Different input and output area ratios of the PT were studied, namely: 21, 4, 1. The electrical properties like voltage step-up ratio, output power and temperature rise were measured for PT operating at the first resonance frequency. With the driving voltage of 20 VRMS, the 3 W output power, 165 VRMS output voltage an temperature rise of 20 0C was obtained for PT with the input/output area ratio of 1. The voltage step-up ratio of 12.5 was obtained for PT with input/output area ratio of 21.

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Zhang, Xiaotian, Mofan Tian, Xin Xiang, Javier Pereda, Timothy C. Green, and Xu Yang. "Large Step Ratio Input-Series–Output-Parallel Chain-Link DC–DC Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 34, no. 5 (May 2019): 4125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2861702.

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17

Tripathi, Amarnath. "Total Factor Productivity Growth in Indian Agriculture." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 4 (October 31, 2010): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i4.67.

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n this study, time series data has been related to broad agricultural outputs which included farming, livestock, forestry, and fisheries and 3 conventional inputs: labour, land, and capital, to construct an index of total factor productivity (TFP) between 1969-70 to 2005-06. A TFP index is simply the ratio of an output index to an input index. Therefore, growth in TFP is the residual share of output growth after accounting for changes in land, labor, and other conventional agricultural inputs. Changes in TFP can be interpreted as a measure of the collective contribution of non-conventional inputs in agriculture, such as improvements in input quality, market access, economies of scale, and technology. What emerges from this exercise is a picture that raises concern about future growth in Indian agriculture, and the welfare of the people who depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Agricultural productivity in India appeared to stagnate in the late 1990s after enjoying two decades of rapid growth.

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Kumar, Rajendra. "Theoretical Analysis of the Noise Power Ratio of Nonlinear Power Amplifiers." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8710860.

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This paper presents a theoretical analysis and derives the amplifier output noise power spectral density result in a closed form when the input to the amplifier is a band limited Gaussian noise. From the computed power spectral density the NPR is evaluated by a simple subtraction. The method can be applied to any amplifier with known input-output characteristics. The method may be applied to analyze various other important characteristics of the nonlinear amplifier such as spectral regrowth that refers to the spreading of the signal bandwidth when a band limited signal is inputted to the nonlinear amplifier. The paper presents numerical results on the NPR as a function of the noise bandwidth, depth level of the notch, and the output power back-off obtained from the analysis presented in the paper.

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Chlaihawi, Amer A., Ameen Al-Modaffer, and Hur Jedi. "Minimal switching of multiple input multilevel output DC-DC converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp968-974.

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This paper proposes a minimal switching multiple input multilevel output (MS-MIMLO) DC-DC converter. Minimizing the cost of operation is an utmost priority of any electric circuit design. Thus, reduction number of switches that control and manage the operation of feeding power into the MIMLO DC-DC convertors is presented. The proposed MS-MIMLO DC-DC converter exerts many advantages, include high voltage transfer ratio with a small size inductor, reduced power losses and low voltage stress across the semiconductor devices. Beside the highly conversion ratio and efficiency, the characteristics of the proposed converter have a simple configuration with low number of components as well. The MATLAB/Simulink software was implemented to simulate the proposed topology in order to verify the performance of the MS-MIMLO DC-DC converter. The result of simulations demonstrated the benefits of reducing the number of switches without affecting the operation and performance of the MIMLO DC-DC converter circuit.

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Juan, Yu Lin. "A Wide Voltage-Ratio Dual-Output DC Converter for Charging Series-Connected Batteries." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091650.

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In this study, a dual-output converter with a wide input voltage range is proposed for directly equalized charging of series-connected batteries without additional power conversion losses. Compared with most of the equalized charging topologies, such as the those with a multi-winding transformer or voltage multiplier, the proposed converter could be applied to different voltage conversion ratio applications. The proposed converter is capable not only of step-down but also step-up/down power conversions for different input voltage levels. By operating in discontinuous conduction mode, the diode reverse recovery losses can be eliminated and operation stability can also be enhanced. The operation principles and design criteria are both illustrated. A prototype of charging two series-connected LiFePO4 batteries is constructed. Corresponding experimental results of different input voltage levels are provided to verify the performance and validity.

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HE, GUANGHUI, ZHAOWEI SHANG, and HENGXIN CHEN. "DISTANCE-RATIO LEARNING FOR DATA VISUALIZATION." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 10, no. 06 (November 2012): 1250055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691312500555.

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Most dimensionality reduction methods depend significantly on the distance measure used to compute distances between different examples. Therefore, a good distance metric is essential to many dimensionality reduction algorithms. In this paper, we present a new dimensionality reduction method for data visualization, called Distance-ratio Preserving Embedding (DrPE), which preserves the ratio between the pairwise distances. It is achieved by minimizing the mismatch between the distance ratios derived from input and output space. The proposed method can preserve the relational structures among points of the input space. Extensive visualization experiments compared with existing dimensionality reduction algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

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Rojas, A. J., and F. Lotero. "Signal-to-Noise Ratio Limited Output Feedback Control Subject to Channel Input Quantization." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 60, no. 2 (February 2015): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2014.2327452.

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Yoon, H., and H. Ko. "Microphone array post-filter using input-output ratio of beamformer noise power spectrum." Electronics Letters 43, no. 18 (2007): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20071534.

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Halimah, Ardina Nur, Endang Siti Rahayu, and Ernoiz Antriyandarti. "Analisis daya saing ubi jalar di kabupaten Karanganyar." AGROMIX 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/agx.v12i1.2284.

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Sweet potato is a food crop that is easily found and easy to cultivate, can be used as a substitute good for rice and maize. This study aims to determine the competitive and comparative advantages of sweet potato farming and to analyze government policies and their relation to the competitiveness of sweet potato farming in the Karanganyar district. The data analysis method used is the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method. The determination of the sample areas was carried out deliberately in the Tawangmangu, Ngargoyoso, and Jumantono Districts, Karanganyar Regency. The respondents were 60 farmers. The results showed that the private profit was IDR 22,459,017.68 and a PCR value of 0.49, then the social benefit is IDR 71,826,979.74 and a DRCR value of 0.23 which means that the sweet potato commodity also has a competitive and comparative advantage. The output policy parameter consists of an output transfer of –IDR 49,894,031.87 and an NPCO ratio of 0.48, which means output policy has not been effective, indicated by the low domestic sweet potato price. The Input policy parameters consist of an Input transfer value of –IDR 804,269.45, an NPCI ratio of 0.54, and a factor transfer value of IDR 278,199.64, which means Input policy has protection from the government, fertilizer subsidies, and non-tradeable Inputs subject to land tax. The Input-output policy parameters consist of a net transfer of IDR 49,367,962.06, an EPC value of 0.48, and an SRP value of -0.52, which means the Input-output policy has not been provided economic incentives, as a result, farmers spend higher production costs.

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Hwu, Kuo-Ing, Wen-Zhuang Jiang, and Hsiang-Hao Tu. "Improvement in Voltage Conversion Ratio of Ultrahigh Step-Down Converter." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203896.

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A modified step-down converter is presented herein, which is mainly based on one coupled inductor and several energy-transferring capacitors to improve the voltage conversion ratio as well as to reduce the switch voltage stress. In addition, the portion of the leakage inductance energy can be recycled to the input via the active clamp circuit during the turn-off period and the switches have zero-voltage switching (ZVS) during the turn-on transient. In this paper, the basic operating principles of the proposed converter are firstly described and analyzed, and its effectiveness is finally demonstrated by experiment based on a prototype with input voltage of 60 V, output voltage of 3.3 V and rated output power of 33 W.

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KRAWIECKI, A., A. SUKIENNICKI, and R. A. KOSIŃSKI. "STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN COUPLED THRESHOLD ELEMENTS WITH INPUT SIGNALS SHIFTED IN PHASE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 08 (March 30, 2000): 837–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200000686.

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Stochastic resonance in a system of two coupled threshold elements (neurons) forming a small artificial neural network is investigated. The elements have either antisymmetric or logistic (binary) response function and are driven by periodic signals and independent noises. Periodic signals at their inputs have equal amplitudes and frequencies but are shifted in phase. Depending on the response function and the phase shift, enhancement of stochastic resonance in individual elements, characterized by the output signal-to-noise ratio, and stochastic resonance with a spatiotemporal input signal, characterized by the correlation function between the input and output signals, are observed for proper coupling between elements.

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Ropingi, Ropingi, and Alamah AI Alusi. "ANALISIS KETERKAITAN SEKTOR TANAMAN BAHAN MAKANAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN PEMALANG (DENGAN PENDEKATAN ANALISIS INPUT-OUTPUT)." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v7i1.3991.

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The aimed of this research was (a) to study the backward linkage and forward linkage of foodstuff plants towards another economic sector in Pemalang Regency, (b) to study how value of material requistion and service from output of another economic sector used up for production process of foodstuff plants sector in Pemalang Regency and (c) to study how value of the usage of goods and services from output of foodstuff plants used up for production process by another economic sector in Pemalang Regency. The research method used descriptive method, by using the data of I-O Table Pemalang Regency, The analysis used linkage analysis and descriptive analysis. The linkage analysis divided into the backward linkage and forward linkage. Descriptive analysis were Asses Input Ratio and Asses Request Ratio. The data employed are table data of input-output Central Java of year 2000, Domestic Product Regional Bruto of Pemalang Regency of year 2003, Pemalang in Number of year 2003. Result of the research was (a) indicates that food stuff plants have low backward linkage by looking at Spreading Index. Thus, It was low enough in using output of another economic sector in production process, (b) The output of foodstuff plants sector is highly needed by another economic sector in Pemalang Regency. It can be known by forward linkage value of foodstuff plant measuring with a high Index of Sensitivity Degree value, (c) According to descriptive analysis result, foodstuff plants sector have the lowest Asses Input Ratio. It means that foodstuff plants needs the lowest Asses input from output of production process.(d) Based on the analysis result of Asses Request Ratio, foodstuff plants sector have low Asses Request Ratio. Means that it has output used for input between another economic sectors was smaller than output used as the last consumption. Mostly, another economic sector used by foodstuff plants were industry sector and foodstuff plants sector. The other economic sector that uses foodstuff plants was industry sector and restaurant sector.

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Dong, Xiaohan, Zhao Wang, Pengfei Shen, Yurun Song, and Jin Yu. "Novel Design of Speed-increasing Compound Coupled Hydromechanical Transmission on Tidal Current Turbine for Power Generation." E3S Web of Conferences 162 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016203001.

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A key topic discussed in the energy industry has long been how to steadily convert tidal energy into mechanical energy and then electrical power. Gear transmissions are widely used in mechanical systems for electrical power production, converting low-speed input rotation into high-speed output rotation to drive a generator rotor. However, to achieve a large speed ratio and stepless speed change, gear transmissions must be accompanied by complex structures and high-precision manufacturing technology. The application of gear transmissions in tidal energy power generation must therefore come at a high cost. A large speed ratio and stepless speed-changing capability are precisely the two essential elements of the mechanical system for tidal energy power generation. In this paper, a new type of speed-increasing CCHMT has been proposed that is capable of achieving large transmission ratio speed change between the blade rotor input and the generator rotor output. It is also capable of changing the input speed steplessly into a stable output speed suitable for power generation and for high-quality electric power production. To verify the feasibility of using a speed-increasing CCHMT in tidal energy, a simulation model has been established for the wave power at the input end. With the assistance of a volumetric speed-control system and hydraulic accumulator, the speed-increasing CCHMT can stably transmit disordered input speed. Simulation results show that the output rotational speed gained a stable amplification ratio within 20 and 30. The mean square error of the rotational speed was controlled to within 29 and the output speed is limited within 85% to 115% of the average output speed, thus ensuring the quality of power generation.

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RADIANSAH, DODY, RADIAN RADIAN, and NURLIZA NURLIZA. "ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN KOMPARATIF DAN KOMPETITIF SERTA IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH PADA KOMODITAS JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG." Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture 5, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j.sea.v5i1.15056.

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The aims of this research are (1) To Analyze the comparative and the competitive advantages of maize in Kabupaten Bengkayang (2) To analyze the impact of the government policy of maize in Kabupaten Bengkayang. The Analyze method use a Policy Analisys Matrix (PAM). The analisys showed that Domestic Resource of Ratio were 0,59 and Private Cost Ratio were 0,81. Both of them are less than one that’s mean the maize had the comparative and competitive advantages. To see the government policy of input can be shown from the Nominal Protection Coefficient on Output (NPCO). To see the government policy of input can been shown from the Nominal Coefficient on Input (NPCI) and factor Transfer. Simultanly the government policy if input and output can be shown from the Effective Protection Coefficient Value (EPC), Profitability Coefficient (PC) and Surplus Ratio to Producer (SRP). The analisys result shown that there is no government policy that have been made to the maize output in Kabupaten Bengkayang, right in buying price subsidiary or protection of actual buying price. The government policy to maize input has been shown to the farmer side, but the subsidiary input price not profitable enough to increasment and development of maize product in Kabupaten Bengkayang if not followed by output price policy.Keyword : Comparative and Competitive Advantages, Policy Analisys Matrix, Maize

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Rukmana, Asep Nana, and Bambang Siswoyo. "Penerapan Linier Discriminant Analysis pada Klasifiksi Distress Binsin Perbankan." ETHOS (Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian) 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/ethos.v7i2.4554.

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Abstract. Linear discrimant machine learning analysis is part of artificial intelligence that can learn from past data, recognize patterns to get optimal solutions. The prediction of the bankruptcy of a Sharia public bank company in Indonesia is very important. Modeling Machine Learning with five input-output models can be implemented between financial ratio variables against bankruptcy. Overall, a linear discrimant analysis algorithm is able to train data to build patterns of input-output relationships and modeling behavior well. Every company certainly wants an appropriate and efficient decision making. Linear discrimant analysis builds predictive models using financial ratio variables as predictors. In this study the model can recognize well the pattern of financial ratios with the results of model validation in the form of means square error 8% and coefficient terminated 98%.Abstrak. Linier discrimant analisys machine learning merupakan bagian dari kecerdasan buatan yang dapat belajar dari data masa lalu, mengenali pola untuk mendapatkan solusi yang optimal. Prediksi kebangkrutan suatu perusahaan bank umum Syariah di Indonesia sangat penting. Modeling Machine Learning dengan lima model input-output dapat diimplementasikan antara variabel rasio keuangan terhadap kebangkrutan. Secara keseluruhan, algoritma linier discrimant analysis mampu melatih data untuk membangun pengenalan pola hubungan input-output dan perilaku pemodelan dengan baik. Setiap perusahaan tentu menginginkan sebuah pengambilan keputusan yang tepat dan efisien. Linier discrimant analisis membangun model prediksi menggunakan variabel rasio keuangan sebagai prediktor. Pada penelitian ini model dapat mengenal dengan baik pengenalan pola rasio keuangan dengan hasil validasi model berupa means square error 8% dan koefesien diterminasi 98%.

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Deng, Wei, and Ya Wang. "Input-dependent performance study of a nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 5 (July 28, 2016): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16651156.

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This work reports an input-dependent performance study of a nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester with introduced magnetic interaction. The performances of the novel harvester with two external magnet arrays (I and II) are compared. Array II that has symmetric magnetic force yields better voltage output under frequency sweep test. As such, the energy harvesting capacity with Array II is performed under two vibration inputs (I and II). Under excitation Input I with periodic varying frequency, experimental results show that the nonlinear piezoelectric harvester outperforms its linear counterpart (no magnetic interaction) at alternating input bandwidths. A 104.5% improvement of root mean square voltage output (318.2% of power output) is obtained under excitation of 0.334 g (root mean square) and bandwidth of 7 Hz. No advantage is observed under Input II consisting of one principal and finite non-principal components. However, detailed study indicates that the amplitude of the principal component and the amplitude ratio of the non-principal components to the principal component in Input II are essential to maintain large-amplitude periodic motion. Our work provides useful insights into the design, characterization, and application of nonlinear energy harvesters with external magnetic forces based on a priori knowledge of input.

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Zhao, Gaoli, Jianping Wang, Junping Song, and Wei Chen. "A novel signal detection algorithm of multiple-input multiple-output Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time for underwater acoustic networks based on the improved minimum mean square error." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 12 (December 2020): 155014772097989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720979898.

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Multiple-input multiple-output is a commonly used technology supporting for high-rate transmission over frequency-selective fading channels with multiple antennas. Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time is a detection method of a multiple-input multiple-output system, which establishes a direct correspondence between antennas and layers. Studies demonstrate that multiple-input multiple-output Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time is a meaningful way for underwater acoustic networks of high performance. However, considering the hardware constraints and energy consumption, achieving a trade-off between the bit error ratio and complexity is a crucial issue for underwater acoustic networks of multiple-input multiple-output Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time systems. This article proposes a novel signal detection algorithm of multiple-input multiple-output Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time. First, we address the unitary matrix of the underwater acoustic channel by LDLH decomposition. Second, we order the detection sequence based on the permutation matrix. Third, we detail the implementation of interference cancelation and slice processing. Finally, we perform experiments for comparing the bit error ratio, energy consumption, processing delay, and complexity of the proposed algorithm with zero-forcing Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time, minimum mean square error Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time, and maximum likelihood Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time. Results indicate that our algorithm maintains bit error ratio and the processing delay to that of maximum likelihood Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time algorithm. However, it reduces the energy consumption, which achieves a good trade-off between performance and complexity. This work supports on constructing underwater acoustic networks of multiple-input multiple-output Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time system.

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Szempliński, Władysław, Bogdan Dubis, Krzysztof Michał Lachutta, and Krzysztof Józef Jankowski. "Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale Grain." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041003.

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This article presents the results of a field experiment investigating the energy efficiency of grain produced by a semi-dwarf genotype of winter triticale at different levels of agricultural inputs. The energy efficiency of winter triticale grain production was evaluated in two low-input and two high-input cultivation practices that differed in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer (split application) and disease control. The energy inputs associated with the production of winter triticale grain at low levels of agricultural inputs were determined to be 14.5 to 14.7 GJ ha−1. Higher levels of agricultural inputs increased the demand for energy in grain production by 25% on average. The energy output of grain peaked (163.3 GJ ha−1) in response to a fertilizer rate of 120 kg ha−1 applied in a split ratio of 50:50 (BBCH 27/32) and two fungicide treatments (BBCH 31 and 39). The energy output of grain from the remaining cultivation regimes was 3–13% lower. The energy efficiency ratio was highest in the low-input cultivation regime with a nitrogen rate of 90 kg ha−1 split into two applications (60 and 30 kg ha−1 for BBCH 27 and 32, respectively), seed dressing with fungicide (thiram and tebuconazole) and one fungicide treatment (azoxystrobin) (BBCH 39).

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SHI, KUIRAN, and HUJIE MA. "EVOLUTION OF TRUST IN A DUAL-CHANNEL SUPPLY CHAIN CONSIDERING RECIPROCAL ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR." Advances in Complex Systems 19, no. 06n07 (September 2016): 1650014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525916500144.

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In order to alleviate the conflict between the channels in dual-channel supply chain, the altruism tendency and trust input are important for strengthening the cooperation between the channels. We view the dual-channel supply chain as a nonlinear system that consists of co-competition, learning decision and dynamic game between direct channels and retail channels. Then, we develop learning dynamics and evolutionary game model to analyze the channels’ altruism behavior and the factors that influence trust input. We find that the evolutionary direction of altruistic behavior is determined by the sensitiveness and the learning abilities of both members of supply chains. The trust input decision of both channels is highly related to the output ratio of high-level trust input, only if the input–output ratio is ideal for both game parties, the system may come to an evolutionary stable equilibrium of high trust input. If the trust input of the two sides is unilateral, then one side chooses high trust input, while the other side chooses low trust input. In this case, even the input–output ratio is high, it will not be evolutionary stable. The profit both sides earned from the low-trust cooperation is the basic for further trust input, the increased free ride income, trust input risk and the trust evaluation cost will affect the enthusiasm of trust input for the dual-channel supply chain members. To promote high trust input in dual-channel supply chain, a certain amount of compensation should be negotiated in the contract in order to improve the performance of the supply chain.

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Rojas, Alejandro J. "Signal-to-noise ratio performance limitations for input disturbance rejection in output feedback control." Systems & Control Letters 58, no. 5 (May 2009): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2009.01.001.

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Reddi, Naresh Kumar, M. R. Ramteke, and H. M. Suryawanshi. "Design and Realization of Current-Fed Single-Input Dual-Output Soft-Switched Resonant Converter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 05 (July 5, 2019): 2050069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500693.

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This paper proposes a new single-input dual-output [SIDO] soft-switched resonant full-bridge converter, which has asymmetrical structures for the isolated multiple outputs. The proposed structure is capable of supplying different loads having dissimilar voltage-current characteristics and independent of each other. This converter features wide range of zero current switching (ZCS) turn-off and automatic load-voltage regulation. In automatic load-voltage regulation, converter maintains constant voltage without the need of change in frequency or duty ratio during load change. First, the modes of converter operation are explained and then design of key parameters have been outlined. A laboratory prototype for 380[Formula: see text]V, 500[Formula: see text]W as main output and 24[Formula: see text]V, 50[Formula: see text]W as auxiliary output for an input voltage range of 40–50[Formula: see text]V was built-up and tested. Experimental results confirm the viability of voltage regulation, ZCS and power efficiency of the proposed converter.

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Zhang, Xian Jin, and Bu Gen Wang. "Feed-Forward Control of Input-Series and Output-Parallel DC Transformer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.791.

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The input-series and output-parallel (ISOP) DC transformer, which has no output filter, runs under near 100% duty ratio, and is easily achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) conditions and higher efficiency, is more and more attractive in the high input voltage and high power applications. In order to achieving input voltages sharing in ISOP DC transformer based on two non-resonant DC transformer modules, the feed-forward control method is proposed in this paper. And the principle of the proposed control is analyzed in detail. Finally, experimental results are given to verify the proposed control method to have a good ability of sharing the input voltages.

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Cai, Wen-Fang, Xiao-Wen Fang, Meng-Xi Xu, Xiao-He Liu, and Yun-Hai Wang. "Sequential recovery of copper and nickel from wastewater without net energy input." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 5 (January 23, 2015): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.024.

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A novel bioelectrochemical system (BES) was designed to recover copper and nickel from wastewater sequentially. The BES has two chambers separated by a bipolar membrane and two cathodes. Firstly, the copper ions were reduced on a graphite cathode with electricity output, and then with an additional bias-potential applied, the nickel ions were recovered sequentially on a copper sheet with electricity input. In this design, nickel and copper can be recovered and separated sequentially on two cathodes. By adjusting the molar ratio of copper and nickel ions to 2.99:1 in wastewater, 1.40 mmol Cu2+ could be recovered with 143.78 J electricity outputs, while 50.68 J electricity was input for 0.32 mmol nickel reduction. The total energy output of copper recovery was far more than the electricity input of nickel reduction. The present technology provides a potential method for heavy metal ion separation and recovery.

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Dong, Zhi Yong, Xu Zhang, Li Wang, and Bin Shi. "A New Device for Increasing Output of Marine Current Energy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1989.

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In this paper, a speeding-up inlet was developed to increase the free stream velocity in the marine current in order to increase the input energy of turbine. This study was conducted in the Hydrodynamics Laboratory at Zhejiang University of Technology. By using high-speed camera, acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV), the influence of area ratio and length-diameter ratio on rotational speed of the turbine was experimentally investigated. Experimental results showed that both area ratio and length-diameter ratio have significant influences on the rotational speed of marine current turbine.

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Burkitt, A. N., and G. M. Clark. "Analysis of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons: Synchronization of Synaptic Input and Spike Output." Neural Computation 11, no. 4 (May 1, 1999): 871–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016485.

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A new technique for analyzing the probability distribution of output spikes for the integrate-and-fire model is presented. This technique enables us to investigate models with arbitrary synaptic response functions that incorporate both leakage across the membrane and a rise time of the postsynaptic potential. The results, which are compared with numerical simulations, are exact in the limit of a large number of small-amplitude inputs. This method is applied to the synchronization problem, in which we examine the relationship between the spread in arrival times of the inputs (the temporal jitter of the synaptic input) and the resultant spread in the times at which the output spikes are generated (output jitter). The results of previous studies, which indicated that the ratio of the output jitter to the input jitter is consistently less than one and that it decreases for increasing numbers of inputs, are confirmed for three classes of the integrate-and-fire model. In addition to the previously identified factors of axonal propagation times and synaptic jitter, we identify the variation in the spike-generating thresholds of the neurons and the variation in the number of active inputs as being important factors that determine the timing jitter in layered networks. Previously observed phase differences between optimally and suboptimally stimulated neurons may be understood in terms of the relative time taken to reach threshold.

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Ashique, Ratil H., A. S. M. Shihavuddin, Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan, Aminul Islam, Jubaer Ahmed, M. Saad Bin Arif, Md Hasan Maruf, Ahmed Al Mansur, Mohammad Asif ul Haq, and Ashraf Siddiquee. "An Analysis and Modeling of the Class-E Inverter for ZVS/ZVDS at Any Duty Ratio with High Input Ripple Current." Electronics 10, no. 11 (May 30, 2021): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111312.

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This paper presents an analysis and modeling of the class-E inverter for ZVS/ZVDS execution at any duty ratio. The methodology is to determine the input current to the inverter analytically under the assumption that it always remains positive. The latter is ensured by proper selection of the input inductance such that the inverter always operates either in (1) the border condition mode or in (2) the continuous conduction mode regardless of the input ripple. Using this input current and applying the boundary conditions, the required input capacitance for the ZVS/ZVDS execution is determined at a specified input/output voltage, output power and load. The analysis shows that the ZVS/ZVDS can be achieved while the input capacitance is selected appropriately. A comparison between the analytical and simulation results is also formulated involving the proposed and other existing models. The simulation results that are provided at different duty ratios demonstrate that they are in a better agreement with the proposed analytical model regardless of the input inductance and the state of input ripple current. The analytical modeling is facilitated by using MAPLE®.

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Naylor, Graham, and René Burmand Johannesson. "Long-Term Signal-to-Noise Ratio at the Input and Output of Amplitude-Compression Systems." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 20, no. 03 (March 2009): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.20.3.2.

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We present measurements showing that the long-term signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of an amplification system that includes amplitude compression may be higher or lower than the long-term SNR at the input, dependent on interactions among the actual long-term input SNR, the modulation characteristics of the signal and noise being mixed, and the amplitude compression characteristics of the system under test.The effects demonstrated with the measurements shown here have implications for choices of test methods when comparing alternative hearing aid systems. The results of speech-recognition tests intended to compare alternative systems may be misleading or misinterpreted if the above interactions are not considered.

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MCDONNELL, MARK D., DEREK ABBOTT, and CHARLES E. M. PEARCE. "A CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPRATHRESHOLD STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN AN ARRAY OF COMPARATORS BY CORRELATION COEFFICIENT." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 02, no. 03 (September 2002): L205—L220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477502000786.

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Suprathreshold Stochastic Resonance (SSR), as described recently by Stocks, is a new form of Stochastic Resonance (SR) which occurs in arrays of nonlinear elements subject to aperiodic input signals and noise. These array elements can be threshold devices or FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron models for example. The distinguishing feature of SSR is that the output measure of interest is not maximized simply for nonzero values of input noise, but is maximized for nonzero values of the input noise to signal intensity ratio, and the effect occurs for signals of arbitrary magnitude and not just subthreshold signals. The original papers described SSR in terms of information theory. Previous work on SR has used correlation based measures to quantify SR for aperiodic input signals. Here, we argue the validity of correlation based measures and derive exact expressions for the cross-correlation coefficient in the same system as the original work, and show that the SSR effect also occurs in this alternative measure. If the output signal is thought of as a digital estimate of the input signal, then the output noise can be considered simply as quantization noise. We therefore derive an expression for the output signal to quantization noise ratio, and show that SSR also occurs in this measure.

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Zhang, Xianyu, Daoxing Guo, Kongzhe Yang, and Silin Xie. "Secure downlink transmission with finite resolution analog beamforming in massive multiple-input multiple-output system." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 9 (September 2018): 155014771880225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718802254.

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To reduce the number of radio-frequency chains of base station, the use of finite resolution analog beamforming is desirbale in massive multiple-input multiple-output system. This article investigates the secure downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output data transmission with artificial noise at base station in the presence of a multi-antenna passive eavesdropper. The achievable user’s ergodic information rate and ergodic capacity of the eavesdropper are analyzed in detail, respectively. With maximum ratio transmission or maximum ratio combining, we derive closed-form expressions for a tight lower bound on ergodic secrecy rate and tight upper bound for secrecy outage probability. Based on these analytical expressions, the effects of various system parameters on secrecy performance, such as power allocation factor, number of eavesdropper’s antennas, number of the user terminals, total transmission power, and finite resolution analog beamforming parameters, are investigated in detail. Also, the optimal power allocation scheme between data and artificial noise signals is achieved in closed form to maximize the ergodic secrecy rate. In addition, we derive the conditions that the secure massive multiple-input multiple-output system need to meet to obtain a positive secrecy rate. Finally, numerical simulation results validate the system’s secrecy performance and verify all the theoretical analytical results.

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Li, Wei, Hanzhi Lu, and Yanyan Zuo. "Parallel Array Bistable Stochastic Resonance System with Independent Input and Its Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/437843.

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We study the design enhancement of the bistable stochastic resonance (SR) performance on sinusoidal signal and Gaussian white noise. The bistable system is known to show an SR property; however the performance improvement is limited. Our work presents two main contributions: first, we proposed a parallel array bistable system with independent components and averaged output; second, we give a deduction of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for this system to show the performance. Our examples show the enhancement of the system and how different parameters influence the performance of the proposed parallel array.

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Zhao, Li Li, Xi Liang Zhang, Shi Yan Chang, Xun Min Ou, and Shi Yan Chang. "Studies on the Integration of 1.5^th and 2^nd Generation Fuel Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalks: Economic Performance, Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1042.

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The paper investigates the feasibility of integrating 1.5th and 2nd generation (G) conversion technology for ethanol production from sweet sorghum stalks, in terms of economic performance, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (3E). To that end, discriminants were developed for economic analysis to determine the conditions under which the transition from pure 1.5thG to the integration technology takes place. The paper also developed equations to calculate energy output/input ratio and carbon emissions during ethanol production processes. The results indicate that the main barrier of the development of integration technology is the high cost of 2ndG ethanol production. The residues from 2ndG production should be burned to supply energy for the ethanol plant, which is important to enhance the energy output/input ratio and to cut down carbon emissions. Compared with 1.5thG technology, the integration pathway brings about higher energy output/input ratio, but with slightly less amount of carbon emission reduction. However, the absolute amount of carbon emission reduction is still considerable. The estimation shows that the integration technology is promising in long term but infeasible under current conditions.

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Shen, Yi, Zhiwen Pan, Nan Liu, and Xiaohu You. "Joint Design and Performance Analysis of a Full-Duplex UAV Legitimate Surveillance System." Electronics 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030407.

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In this paper, we propose a legitimate surveillance system, where a full-duplex unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) legitimate monitor with simultaneous passive surveilling and active jamming is deployed to monitor a suspicious communication link between a dubious pair on the ground. Two different scenarios for the UAV, single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), are studied. Three low-complexity linear beamforming schemes, transmit zero-forcing (TZF)/maximum ratio combing (MRC), maximum ratio transmission (MRT)/receive zero-forcing (RZF), and maximum ratio transmission (MRT)/maximum ratio combing (MRC) are considered for MIMO UAV. The surveilling non-outage probability is derived and analyzed, and optimal jamming power is obtained. Simulation and numerical results are used to validate the derivation.

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Tang, Yonghao, Yimin D. Zhang, Moeness G. Amin, and Weixing Sheng. "Wideband multiple‐input multiple‐output radar waveform design with low peak‐to‐average ratio constraint." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 10, no. 2 (February 2016): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2015.0189.

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Ohsato, Takaya, Kaya Akagi, and Hiroshi Deguchi. "Construction of an input-output table considering overseas import/export ratio by using private data." Input-Output Analysis 26, no. 1 (2018): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11107/papaios.26.1_66.

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Prasad, R. S., C. Dovrolis, and M. Thottan. "Router Buffer Sizing for TCP Traffic and the Role of the Output/Input Capacity Ratio." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 17, no. 5 (October 2009): 1645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2009.2014686.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Input/Output Ratio'

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