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Journal articles on the topic 'Insect Flapping'

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1

Eberle, A. L., B. H. Dickerson, P. G. Reinhall, and T. L. Daniel. "A new twist on gyroscopic sensing: body rotations lead to torsion in flapping, flexing insect wings." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 104 (2015): 20141088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1088.

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Insects perform fast rotational manoeuvres during flight. While two insect orders use flapping halteres (specialized organs evolved from wings) to detect body dynamics, it is unknown how other insects detect rotational motions. Like halteres, insect wings experience gyroscopic forces when they are flapped and rotated and recent evidence suggests that wings might indeed mediate reflexes to body rotations. But, can gyroscopic forces be detected using only changes in the structural dynamics of a flapping, flexing insect wing? We built computational and robotic models to rotate a flapping wing abo
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2

Yanagisawa, Ryota, Shunsuke Shigaki, Kotaro Yasui, et al. "Wearable Vibration Sensor for Measuring the Wing Flapping of Insects." Sensors 21, no. 2 (2021): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020593.

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In this study, we fabricated a novel wearable vibration sensor for insects and measured their wing flapping. An analysis of insect wing deformation in relation to changes in the environment plays an important role in understanding the underlying mechanism enabling insects to dynamically interact with their surrounding environment. It is common to use a high-speed camera to measure the wing flapping; however, it is difficult to analyze the feedback mechanism caused by the environmental changes caused by the flapping because this method applies an indirect measurement. Therefore, we propose the
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3

Ge, Cheng Bin, Ai Hong Ji, Tao Han, and Chang Long Li. "Anatomical Study of Insect Flight Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.31.

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Compared with the fixed-wing and rotary-wing aerial vehicle, the bionic ornithopter has unique advantages in flying maneuverability and flexibilities, becoming one of the focuses of current researches. Because of their high speeds, long distance flight sand low energy consumptions, more and more attentions has been paid to flying insects. Their unique physical structures and flight modes will enlighten the bionic ornithopter. In this paper, four insects flight-related muscle biological structures were dissected to specify the effects of the muscles. Then the flapping wing behavior of two of th
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4

Chi, Peng Cheng, Wei Ping Zhang, Wen Yuan Chen, Hong Yi Li, and Kun Meng. "Design, Fabrication and Analysis of Microrobotic Insect Wings and Thorax with Different Materials by MEMS Technology." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 3135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3135.

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This paper presents a feasibility step in the development of biomimetic microrobotic insects. Advanced engineering technologies available for applications such as the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies are used. A flapping-wing flying MEMS concept and design inspired from insects is first described. Then different kinds of materials used feasibly for flapping-wing microrobotic insect by MEMS technology, such as SU-8, Titanium alloy and Parylene-C, are discussed. And artificial insect wings and thoraxs with different materials by MEMS Technology are fabricated and analyzed. Fin
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5

Conn, A. T., S. C. Burgess, and C. S. Ling. "Design of a parallel crank-rocker flapping mechanism for insect-inspired micro air vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 10 (2007): 1211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes517.

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In the current paper, a novel micro air vehicle (MAV) flapping mechanism for replicating insect wing kinematics is presented. Insects flap their wings in a complex motion that enables them to generate several unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms, which are extremely beneficial for lift production. A flapping wing MAV that can reproduce these aerodynamic mechanisms in a controlled manner is likely to outperform alternative flight platforms such as rotary wing MAVs. A biomimetic design approach was undertaken to develop a novel flapping mechanism, the parallel crank-rocker (PCR). Unlike several exist
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6

ZHANG, XIAOHU, KIM BOON LUA, RONG CHANG, TEE TAI LIM, and KHOON SENG YEO. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GROUND EFFECT ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL INSECT-LIKE FLAPPING MOTION." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 34 (January 2014): 1460384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514603846.

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This paper focuses on an experimental investigation aimed at evaluating the aerodynamics force characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) insect-like flapping motion in the vicinity of ground. The purpose is to establish whether flapping wing insects can derive aerodynamic benefit from ground effect similar to that experienced by a fixed wing aircraft. To evaluate this, force measurements were conducted in a large water tank using a 3D flapping mechanism capable of executing various insect flapping motions. Here, we focus on three types of flapping motions, namely simple harmonic flapping motio
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7

Qin, Yi, Wei Ping Zhang, Wen Yuan Cheng, et al. "Flapping Mechanism Design and Aerodynamic Analysis for the Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1543.

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This paper introduces a biological flapping micro air vehicle (FMAV) with four wings, instead of two wings, where wing clap-and-fling of real insects has been mimicked. The total weight is 2.236g. A spatial linkage is implemented in the flapping wing system, which is symmetry. This can prevent the flapping wing MAV from tilting toward the left or the right in the course of flight. By using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), it has been confirmed that the flapping wing system can utilize the clap-and-fling mechanism, which is essential to enhance the lift and thrust in the insect flight.
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8

Dong, Ben Zheng, Chang Long Li, and Ai Hong Ji. "Bionic Flexible Wings Design of the Flapper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.178.

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The fixed-wing aircrafts rely mainly on thrust generated by engine and lift produced by wings to keep flying, so there are strict requirements on their speeds and attack angles. The flappers can hover freely in the air like insects because they have different flight principles and forms compared with fixed-wing aircrafts. The flapper is consisted of the flapping-wing, the flapping-wing mechanism and the drive. The flapping-wing is used to generate lifts and thrusts while the wing mechanism and the drive provide main power to the flapping wing. Traditionally, flapper uses rigid wing to provide
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9

Liu, Hao, Sridhar Ravi, Dmitry Kolomenskiy, and Hiroto Tanaka. "Biomechanics and biomimetics in insect-inspired flight systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1704 (2016): 20150390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0390.

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Insect- and bird-size drones—micro air vehicles (MAV) that can perform autonomous flight in natural and man-made environments are now an active and well-integrated research area. MAVs normally operate at a low speed in a Reynolds number regime of 10 4 –10 5 or lower, in which most flying animals of insects, birds and bats fly, and encounter unconventional challenges in generating sufficient aerodynamic forces to stay airborne and in controlling flight autonomy to achieve complex manoeuvres. Flying insects that power and control flight by flapping wings are capable of sophisticated aerodynamic
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10

Galiński, Cezary, and Rafał Żbikowski. "Insect-like flapping wing mechanism based on a double spherical Scotch yoke." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2, no. 3 (2005): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2005.0031.

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We describe the rationale, concept, design and implementation of a fixed-motion (non-adjustable) mechanism for insect-like flapping wing micro air vehicles in hover, inspired by two-winged flies (Diptera). This spatial (as opposed to planar) mechanism is based on the novel idea of a double spherical Scotch yoke. The mechanism was constructed for two main purposes: (i) as a test bed for aeromechanical research on hover in flapping flight, and (ii) as a precursor design for a future flapping wing micro air vehicle. Insects fly by oscillating (plunging) and rotating (pitching) their wings through
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11

Banazadeh, Afshin, and Neda Taymourtash. "Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of an Insect-Like Flapping Wing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 555 (June 2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.555.3.

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The main objective of this paper is to present the modeling and simulation of open loop dynamics of a rigid body insect-like flapping wing. The most important aerodynamic mechanisms that explain the nature of the flapping flight, including added mass, rotational lift and delayed stall, are modeled. Wing flapping kinematics is described using appropriate reference frames and three degree of freedom for each wing with respect to the insect body. In order to simulate nonlinear differential equations of motion, 6DOF model of the insect-like flapping wing is developed, followed by an evaluation of
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12

Shankar, Vinay, Nagi Shirakawa, and Daisuke Ishihara. "Novel Computational Design of Polymer Micromachined Insect-Mimetic Wings for Flapping-Wing Nano Air Vehicles." Biomimetics 9, no. 3 (2024): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9030133.

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The flapping wings of insects undergo large deformations caused by aerodynamic forces, resulting in cambering. Insect-mimetic micro wings for flapping-wing nano air vehicles mimic these characteristic deformations. In this study, a 2.5-dimensional insect-mimetic micro wing model for flapping-wing nano air vehicles is proposed to realize this type of wing. The proposed model includes a wing membrane, a leading edge, a center vein, and a root vein, all of which are modeled as shell elements. The proposed wing is a 2.5-dimensional structure and can thus be fabricated using polymer micromachining.
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13

Ishihara, Daisuke, Minato Onishi, and Kaede Sugikawa. "Vein–Membrane Interaction in Cambering of Flapping Insect Wings." Biomimetics 8, no. 8 (2023): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8080571.

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It is still unclear how elastic deformation of flapping insect wings caused by the aerodynamic pressure results in their significant cambering. In this study, we present that a vein–membrane interaction (VMI) can clarify this mechanical process. In order to investigate the VMI, we propose a numerical method that consists of (a) a shape simplification model wing that consists of a few beams and a rectangular shell structure as the structural essence of flapping insect wings for the VMI, and (b) a monolithic solution procedure for strongly coupled beam and shell structures with large deformation
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14

Syaifuddin, Moh, Hoon Cheol Park, Kwang Joon Yoon, and Nam Seo Goo. "Design and Test of Flapping Device Mimicking Insect Flight." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.1163.

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This paper addresses detail design and demonstration of an insect-mimicking flappingwing mechanism composed of LIPCA (Lightweight Piezo-Composite Actuator) and linkage system that can amplify the actuation displacement of LIPCA. The angular amplification of the linkage system can provide various flapping angles by adjusting the actuation point of the LIPCA. The device can generate flapping frequency ranging from 5 to 50 Hz depending on weight of the wing and linkages. Flapping tests using different wing mass, area, and aspect ratio were performed to investigate the flapping performance. The te
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15

Richter, Charles, and Hod Lipson. "Untethered Hovering Flapping Flight of a 3D-Printed Mechanical Insect." Artificial Life 17, no. 2 (2011): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00020.

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This project focuses on developing a flapping-wing hovering insect using 3D-printed wings and mechanical parts. The use of 3D printing technology has greatly expanded the possibilities for wing design, allowing wing shapes to replicate those of real insects or virtually any other shape. It has also reduced the time of a wing design cycle to a matter of minutes. An ornithopter with a mass of 3.89 g has been constructed using the 3D printing technique and has demonstrated an 85-s passively stable untethered hovering flight. This flight exhibits the functional utility of printed materials for fla
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16

S., Syam Narayanan, Asad Ahmed R., Jijo Philip Varghese, Gopinath S., Jedidiah Paulraj, and Muthukumar M. "Experimental investigation on lift generation of flapping MAV with insect wings of various species." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 2 (2019): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2019-0076.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to experimentally analyze the effect of wing shape of various insects of different species in a flapping micro aerial vehicle (MAV). Design/methodology/approach Six different wings are fabricated for the MAV configuration, which is restricted to the size of 15 cm length and width; all wings have different surface area and constant span length of 6 cm. The force is being measured with the help of a force-sensing resistor (FSR), and the coefficients of lift were calculated and compared. Findings This study shows that the wing “Tipula sp” has better value of l
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17

Lee, Jeongsu, Haecheon Choi, and Ho-Young Kim. "A scaling law for the lift of hovering insects." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 782 (October 9, 2015): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.568.

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Insect hovering is one of the most fascinating acrobatic flight modes in nature, and its aerodynamics has been intensively studied, mainly through computational approaches. While the numerical analyses have revealed detailed vortical structures around flapping wings and resulting forces for specific hovering conditions, theoretical understanding of a simple unified mechanism enabling the insects to be airborne is still incomplete. Here, we construct a scaling law for the lift of hovering insects through relatively simple scaling arguments of the strength of the leading edge vortex and the mome
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18

NAKATA, Toshiyuki, Ryusuke NODA, and Hao LIU. "Visualization of Insect Flapping Flight." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 37, no. 144 (2017): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.37.144_8.

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19

Karásek, Matěj. "Good vibrations for flapping-wing flyers." Science Robotics 5, no. 46 (2020): eabe4544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abe4544.

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20

WHITNEY, J. P., and R. J. WOOD. "Aeromechanics of passive rotation in flapping flight." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 660 (July 27, 2010): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211201000265x.

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Flying insects and robots that mimic them flap and rotate (or ‘pitch’) their wings with large angular amplitudes. The reciprocating nature of flapping requires rotation of the wing at the end of each stroke. Insects or flapping-wing robots could achieve this by directly exerting moments about the axis of rotation using auxiliary muscles or actuators. However, completely passive rotational dynamics might be preferred for efficiency purposes, or, in the case of a robot, decreased mechanical complexity and reduced system mass. Herein, the detailed equations of motion are derived for wing rotation
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21

Ishihara, Daisuke. "Computational Approach for the Fluid-Structure Interaction Design of Insect-Inspired Micro Flapping Wings." Fluids 7, no. 1 (2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7010026.

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A flight device for insect-inspired flapping wing nano air vehicles (FWNAVs), which consists of the micro wings, the actuator, and the transmission, can use the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) to create the characteristic motions of the flapping wings. This design will be essential for further miniaturization of FWNAVs, since it will reduce the mechanical and electrical complexities of the flight device. Computational approaches will be necessary for this biomimetic concept because of the complexity of the FSI. Hence, in this study, a computational approach for the FSI design of insect-inspi
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22

Xiao, Shengjie, Kai Hu, Binxiao Huang, Huichao Deng, and Xilun Ding. "A Review of Research on the Mechanical Design of Hoverable Flapping Wing Micro-Air Vehicles." Journal of Bionic Engineering 18, no. 6 (2021): 1235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42235-021-00118-4.

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AbstractMost insects and hummingbirds can generate lift during both upstroke and downstroke with a nearly horizontal flapping stroke plane, and perform precise hovering flight. Further, most birds can utilize tails and muscles in wings to actively control the flight performance, while insects control their flight with muscles based on wing root along with wing’s passive deformation. Based on the above flight principles of birds and insects, Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FWMAVs) are classified as either bird-inspired or insect-inspired FWMAVs. In this review, the research achievements on me
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23

CONN, ANDREW T., STUART C. BURGESS, and SENG LING CHUNG. "THE PARALLEL CRANK-ROCKER FLAPPING MECHANISM: AN INSECT-INSPIRED DESIGN FOR MICRO AIR VEHICLES." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 04, no. 04 (2007): 625–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843607001199.

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This paper presents a novel micro air vehicle (MAV) design that seeks to reproduce the unsteady aerodynamics of insects in their natural flight. The challenge of developing an MAV capable of hovering and maneuvering through indoor environments has led to bio-inspired flapping propulsion being considered instead of conventional fixed or rotary winged flight. Insects greatly outperform these conventional flight platforms by exploiting several unsteady aerodynamic phenomena. Therefore, reproducing insect aerodynamics by mimicking their complex wing kinematics with a miniature flying robot has sig
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Spoorthi Singh, Aravind Karthik Muralidharan, Jayakrishnan Radhakrishnan, et al. "Study of X-Pattern Crank-Activated 4-Bar Fast Return Mechanism for Flapping Actuation in Robo Drones." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 105, no. 2 (2023): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.105.2.115128.

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The study of insect-inspired flapping robo drones is exciting and ongoing, but creating realistic artificial flapping robots that can effectively mimic insect flight is difficult due to the transmission mechanism's need for lightweight and minimal connecting components. The objective of this work was to create a system of constructing a flapping superstructure with the fewest feasible links. This is one of the two strokes where the fast return mechanism turns circular energy into a variable angled flapping motion (obtained through simulation results). We have simulated the displacement modific
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25

Tsuyuki, Koji, Seiichi Sudo, and Junji Tani. "Morphology of Insect Wings and Airflow Produced by Flapping Insects." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 17, no. 8-9 (2006): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x06055767.

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26

Sibilski, Krzysztof, and Andrzej Żyluk. "Modeling, Simulation and Control of Microelectromechanical Flying Insect." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.206.

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This paper presents modeling, simulation, and control of a flapping wing Micromechanical Flying Insect (MFI) called Entomopter. The overall geometry of this MFI is based on hummingbirds and large insects. This paper presents methods for investigation of MFI aerodynamics, flight dynamics, and control. The simulation results reveal important information regarding the behavior of the system, that could be used in future designs
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27

TAKAGI, Kazuto, Tetsuya YANO, Muneo FUTAMURA, Koji TSUYUKI, and Seiichi SUDO. "406 Insect Flapping and Vibration Characteristics of Insect Wings." Proceedings of Autumn Conference of Tohoku Branch 2006.42 (2006): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetohoku.2006.42.99.

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28

Yang, Xu, Xiao Yi Jin, and Xiao Lei Zhou. "Bionic Flapping Wing Flying Robot Flight Mechanism and the Key Technologies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1046.

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The flapping wing flying robot is an imitation of a bird or insect like a new type of flying robots, the paper briefly outlines the current domestic and international research in the field of flapping wing flight mechanism of the progress made flapping wing flying robot design. On this basis, the current course of the study were discussed key technical issues, combined with the current research, flapping wing aircraft for the future development prospects.
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29

Fujikawa, Taro. "Robotics on Insect-like Flapping Wings." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 34, no. 1 (2016): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.34.19.

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30

KIKUCHI, Hayato, Toshiyuki NAKATA, and Ryusuke NODA. "Span Efficiency of Insect Flapping Flight." Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering 2022.33 (2022): 1F11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebiofro.2022.33.1f11.

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31

Cheng, Bo, and Xinyan Deng. "A Neural Adaptive Controller in Flapping Flight." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 4 (2012): 602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0602.

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In this paper, we propose a neural adaptive controller for attitude control in a flapping-wing insect model. The model is nonlinear and subjected to periodic force/torque generated by nominal wing kinematics. Two sets of model parameters are obtained from the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterand the honey beeApis mellifera. Attitude control is achieved by modifying the wing kinematics on a stroke-by-stroke basis. The controller is based on filtered-error with neural network models approximating system nonlinearities. Lyapunov-based stability analysis shows the asymptotic convergence of system o
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Gong, DuHyun, DaWoon Lee, SangJoon Shin, and SangYong Kim. "String-based flapping mechanism and modularized trailing edge control system for insect-type FWMAV." International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 11 (January 2019): 175682931984254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756829319842547.

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This paper presents the design process and experimental results of a brand new flapping and trailing edge control mechanism for a flapping wing micro air vehicle. The flapping mechanism, whose main components are fabricated from string, is suggested and optimized further by a modified pattern search method. The trailing edge control mechanisms for pitching and rolling moments are designed to be attached onto the present flapping mechanism in a modularized fashion. Prototypes of both mechanisms are fabricated and experimentally tested in order to examine the feasibility of the designs. It is ex
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Abas, Mohd Firdaus, Ahmad Hafizal Mohd Yamin, Mohd Mustaqim Tukiman, Nor Azwadi Yusoff, and Mohd Zulakram Masbak. "Bioinspired of Natural Flyers: Flapping-Wing Micro-Aerial-Vehicle." Semarak Journal of Thermal Fluid Engineering 3, no. 1 (2025): 41–61. https://doi.org/10.37934/sjotfe.3.1.4161a.

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Nature creatures like birds and insects can fly during harsh weather with significantly diversified superficial structures on their bodies. The innovation of bioinspired designs through biomimicry has been implemented to improve modelling and simulation of real-life birds and insects to attain a better understanding of the wing's critical features, kinematic motion, and its aerodynamic behaviour, thus development a much realistic Flapping-Wing Micro-Aerial-Vehicle. This paper reviews a part of previous MAV research developments which are of significant novelty and contribution from small birds
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Cote, Braden, Samuel Weston, and Mark Jankauski. "Modeling and Analysis of a Simple Flexible Wing—Thorax System in Flapping-Wing Insects." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040207.

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Small-scale flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) are an emerging robotic technology with many applications in areas including infrastructure monitoring and remote sensing. However, challenges such as inefficient energetics and decreased payload capacity preclude the useful implementation of FWMAVs. Insects serve as inspiration to FWMAV design owing to their energy efficiency, maneuverability, and capacity to hover. Still, the biomechanics of insects remain challenging to model, thereby limiting the translational design insights we can gather from their flight. In particular, it is not wel
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35

Meresman, Yonatan, and Gal Ribak. "Elastic wing deformations mitigate flapping asymmetry during manoeuvres in rose chafers (Protaetia cuprea)." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 24 (2020): jeb225599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.225599.

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ABSTRACTTo manoeuvre in air, flying animals produce asymmetric flapping between contralateral wings. Unlike the adjustable vertebrate wings, insect wings lack intrinsic musculature, preventing active control over wing shape during flight. However, the wings elastically deform as a result of aerodynamic and inertial forces generated by the flapping motions. How these elastic deformations vary with flapping kinematics and flight performance in free-flying insects is poorly understood. Using high-speed videography, we measured how contralateral wings elastically deform during free-flight manoeuvr
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Chen, Si, Le Wang, Shijun Guo, Chunsheng Zhao, and Mingbo Tong. "A Bio-Inspired Flapping Wing Rotor of Variant Frequency Driven by Ultrasonic Motor." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010412.

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By combining the flapping and rotary motion, a bio-inspired flapping wing rotor (FWR) is a unique kinematics of motion. It can produce a significantly greater aerodynamic lift and efficiency than mimicking the insect wings in a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). To produce the same lift, the FWR’s flapping frequency, twist angle, and self-propelling rotational speed is significantly smaller than the insect-like flapping wings and rotors. Like its opponents, however, the effect of variant flapping frequency (VFF) of a FWR, during a flapping cycle on its aerodynamic characteristics and effici
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37

Feng, Yang, Jiang, and Zheng. "Research on Key Techniques of Insect Flapping Onset Control Based on Electrical Stimulation." Sensors 20, no. 1 (2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010239.

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In this paper, an insect flapping onset control method based on electrical stimulation is proposed. The beetle (Allomyrina dithotomus, Coleoptera) is employed for the research carrier, and it’s left and right longitudinal muscles are electrically stimulated to control the flapping onset behavior. The control principle of insect flapping onset utilizing electrical stimulation is analyzed firstly followed by the movement function of the dorsal longitudinal muscle. Subsequently, a micro-control system, which is composed of a PC controller, coordinator and electronic backpack, is designed to reali
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38

Engels, Thomas, Henja-Niniane Wehmann, and Fritz-Olaf Lehmann. "Three-dimensional wing structure attenuates aerodynamic efficiency in flapping fly wings." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 164 (2020): 20190804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0804.

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The aerial performance of flying insects ultimately depends on how flapping wings interact with the surrounding air. It has previously been suggested that the wing's three-dimensional camber and corrugation help to stiffen the wing against aerodynamic and inertial loading during flapping motion. Their contribution to aerodynamic force production, however, is under debate. Here, we investigated the potential benefit of three-dimensional wing shape in three different-sized species of flies using models of micro-computed tomography-scanned natural wings and models in which we removed either the w
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Shiokawa, Yuma, Renke Liu, and Hideyuki Sawada. "A Biomimetic Flapping Mechanism for Insect Robots Driven by Indirect Flight Muscles." Biomimetics 10, no. 5 (2025): 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10050300.

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Insect flight mechanisms are highly efficient and involve complex hinge structures that facilitate amplified wing movement through thoracic deformation. However, in the field of flapping-wing robots, the replication of thoracic skeletal structures has received little attention. In this study, we propose and compare two different hinge models inspired by insect flight: an elastic hinge model (EHM) and an axle hinge model (AHM). Both models were fabricated using 3D printing technology using PLA material. The EHM incorporates flexible structures in both the hinge and lateral scutum regions, allow
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Bluman, James E., Madhu K. Sridhar, and Chang-kwon Kang. "Chordwise wing flexibility may passively stabilize hovering insects." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 147 (2018): 20180409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0409.

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Insect wings are flexible, and the dynamically deforming wing shape influences the resulting aerodynamics and power consumption. However, the influence of wing flexibility on the flight dynamics of insects is unknown. Most stability studies in the literature consider rigid wings and conclude that the hover equilibrium condition is unstable. The rigid wings possess an unstable oscillatory mode mainly due to their pitch sensitivity to horizontal velocity perturbations. Here, we show that a flapping wing flyer with flexible wings exhibits stable hover equilibria. The free-flight insect flight dyn
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Phillips, N., and K. Knowles. "Formation of vortices and spanwise flow on an insect-like flapping wing throughout a flapping half cycle." Aeronautical Journal 117, no. 1191 (2013): 471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008137.

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AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation of the evolution of the leading-edge vortex and spanwise flow generated by an insect-like flapping-wing at a Reynolds number relevant to flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FMAVs) (Re = ~15,000). Experiments were accomplished with a first-of-its-kind flapping-wing apparatus. Dense pseudo-volumetric particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements from 18% – 117% span were taken at 12 azimuthal positions throughout a flapping half cycle. Results revealed the formation of a primary leading-edge vortex (LEV) which saw an increase in size and sp
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Liu, Yaxin, Wenda Wang, Ruiqing Han, Qili Sun, and Ming Zhong. "Research on the Flight Performance of Biomimetic Moth Based on Flapping Function Control." Applied Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031606.

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Flapping flight is an important mode of insect flight, and its unique flapping motion pattern enables it to fly efficiently in complex environments. This paper takes a biomimetic moth flapping-wing aircraft as the research object and proposes a periodic function composed of two sine functions with different frequencies as the flapping function. This paper explores the effect of this flapping function on the flight performance of flapping-wing aircraft and verifies whether it can be applied to the flight control of flapping-wing aircraft. Firstly, through the study of biomimetic mechanisms, the
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Moses, Kenneth, Mark Willis, and Roger Quinn. "Biomimicry of the Hawk Moth, Manduca sexta (L.), Produces an Improved Flapping-Wing Mechanism." Biomimetics 5, no. 2 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5020025.

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Flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) that mimic the flight capabilities of insects have been sought for decades. Core to the vehicle’s flight capabilities is the mechanism that drives the wings to produce thrust and lift. This article describes a newly designed flapping-wing mechanism (FWM) inspired by the North American hawk moth, Manduca sexta. Moreover, the hardware, software, and experimental testing methods developed to measure the efficiency of insect-scale flapping-wing systems (i.e., the lift produced per unit of input power) are detailed. The new FWM weighs 1.2 grams without an a
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Zhu, Jianyang, and Bin Lei. "Effect of Wing-Wing Interaction on the Propulsive Performance of Two Flapping Wings at Biplane Configuration." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (September 20, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8901067.

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The biplane counter-flapping wing is a special type of wing flapping which is inspired from the fish and insect in nature. The propulsive performance is one of the most important considerations for this kind of flapping wing. This paper is aimed at providing a systematic synthesis on the propulsive characteristics of two flapping wings at biplane configuration based on the numerical analysis approach. Firstly, parameters of this special flapping wing are presented. Secondly, the numerical method for simultaneously solving the incompressible flow and counter-flapping motion of the wing is illus
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Liu, Lan, and Zhao Xia He. "Simulation and Experiment for Rigid and Flexible Wings of Flapping-Wings Microrobots." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 4513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4513.

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In this paper, an insect-based flapping-wing flying microrobot was built which can successfully fly in the sky. The unsteady aerodynamics associated with this microrobot was studied by using the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). On the basis of numerical simulation, the Fluid-Structure coupling mechanics for flexible flapping-wings were studied and discussed. According to the practically developed flapping-wing microrobot, a 2-D simulation model for flexible flapping-wings was established. Fluid-Structure coupling deformation and the effects of this model on the aero dynamic perfor
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Phan, Hoang Vu, Quang-Tri Truong, and Hoon-Cheol Park. "Implementation of initial passive stability in insect-mimicking flapping-wing micro air vehicle." International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 3, no. 1 (2015): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijius-12-2014-0010.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the uncontrolled vertical takeoff of an insect-mimicking flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FW-MAV) of 12.5 cm wing span with a body weight of 7.36 g after installing batteries and power control. Design/methodology/approach – The forces were measured using a load cell and estimated by the unsteady blade element theory (UBET), which is based on full three-dimensional wing kinematics. In addition, the mean aerodynamic force center (AC) was determined based on the UBET calculations using the measured wing kinematics. Findings – The wing flapping
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Sum Wu, Kit, Jerome Nowak, and Kenneth S. Breuer. "Scaling of the performance of insect-inspired passive-pitching flapping wings." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 161 (2019): 20190609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0609.

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Flapping flight using passive pitch regulation is a commonly used mode of thrust and lift generation in insects and has been widely emulated in flying vehicles because it allows for simple implementation of the complex kinematics associated with flapping wing systems. Although robotic flight employing passive pitching to regulate angle of attack has been previously demonstrated, there does not exist a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of this mode of aerodynamic force generation, nor a method to accurately predict its performance over a range of relevant scales. Here, we present
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Wilkins, P. C., and K. Knowles. "The leading-edge vortex and aerodynamics of insect-based flapping-wing micro air vehicles." Aeronautical Journal 113, no. 1142 (2009): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000192400000292x.

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AbstractThe aerodynamics of insect-like flapping are dominated by the production of a large, stable, and lift-enhancing leading-edge vortex (LEV) above the wing. In this paper the phenomenology behind the LEV is explored, the reasons for its stability are investigated, and the effects on the LEV of changing Reynolds number or angle-of-attack are studied. A predominantly-computational method has been used, validated against both existing and new experimental data. It is concluded that the LEV is stable over the entire range of Reynolds numbers investigated here and that changes in angle-of-atta
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Hsu, Meng Hui, Hsueh Yu Chen, Ting Sheng Weng, and Feng Chi Liu. "Topology Structure Design of 12 Flapping-Wing Mechanisms." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.887.

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People used the Micro Air Vehicles to patrol the military activity or explore the danger region.The important parts of Micro Air Vehicles are the flapping-wing mechanisms those can simulate the wing-motion of flying being.Hence this work is to present a systematic approach for designing new flapping-wing mechanisms with one degree of freedom that can simulate the wing-motion of long ear bats and insects.First,we analyze the topological structure and motion characteristics of existed flapping mechanisms.Then, the design criteria of the topological structure are described.Based on the design cri
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de Croon, Guido C. H. E., Julien J. G. Dupeyroux, Christophe De Wagter, Abhishek Chatterjee, Diana A. Olejnik, and Franck Ruffier. "Accommodating unobservability to control flight attitude with optic flow." Nature 610, no. 7932 (2022): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05182-2.

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AbstractAttitude control is an essential flight capability. Whereas flying robots commonly rely on accelerometers1 for estimating attitude, flying insects lack an unambiguous sense of gravity2,3. Despite the established role of several sense organs in attitude stabilization3–5, the dependence of flying insects on an internal gravity direction estimate remains unclear. Here we show how attitude can be extracted from optic flow when combined with a motion model that relates attitude to acceleration direction. Although there are conditions such as hover in which the attitude is unobservable, we p
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