To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Insect Growth Regulator.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Insect Growth Regulator'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 40 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Insect Growth Regulator.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ellsworth, P. C., D. L. Meade, and Phillip Odom. "Preliminary Field Evaluation of an Insect Growth Regulator, Buprofezin, for Control of the Sweetpotato Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209648.
Full textAbstract:
Two rates of buprofezin and a combination, buprofezin + endosulfan, were compared against Ovasyn® and the standard pyrethroid combination Danitol® + Orthene®. Targeted pests were all stages of the sweetpotato whitefly (SPWF). Danitol + Orthene was the most effective treatment against all SPWF stages. All buprofezin treatments, including the buprofezin + endosulfan combination, were moderately effective against all SPWF stages relative to the untreated check, while Ovasyn had control levels similar to the untreated check. Danitol + Orthene had the highest yield at 4030.2 lbs seed cotton/A, and buprofezin + endosulfan had the second highest yield, 2172 lbs/A. All other treatments yielded amounts similar to the untreated check, 863.0 lbs/A. Effects of these control practices on beneficial and other non- target arthropods have not yet been analyzed. Lygus populations were extreme in this test and favored the Danitol + Orthene treatment over the SPWF -specific buprofezin treatments.
2
Akey, D. H., C. C. Chu, and T. J. Henneberry. "Efficacy of the Insect Growth Regulator, Buprofezin and the Insecticide, Amitral against the Sweetpotato Whitefly on Cotton at Maricopa, AZ, 1991." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208637.
Full textAbstract:
Reduction of populations of the B strain (poinsettia) of sweetpotato whitefly (SPWF), Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, resulted from applications of buprofezin or amitraz to cotton in central Arizona (Maricopa, AZ). Control was fair to good control for this insect. However, yields of seed cotton in treated plots were not increased significantly compared to untreated plots, following three applications of these insecticides during the season. Similar results on percentage sugar on lint and lint stickiness from honeydew of SPWF in both treated and untreated plots were obtained.
3
Fuessel, Tania. "A Comprehensive Assessment of the Impacts of the Insect Growth Regulator Methoprene on Soil Mites and Function in Brisbane, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367222.
Full textAbstract:
The incursion of the globally notorious pest, red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Brisbane, Australia necessitated the prompt design and implementation of an integrated pest eradication solution. The solution included the broad-scale application of the insect growth regulators Methoprene and Pyriproxyfen. Known for high efficacy and low toxicity to selected non-target taxa in the laboratory, these chemicals have received scant attention to identify real non-target species impacts in the field.
It was the purpose of this study to provide a real-time assessment of the impacts of Methoprene on the soil ecosystem, examining both its chemical and biological composition. This was achieved by constructing a Before-After, Control-Impact (BACI) experiment, where Methoprene was applied to ‘treated’ (i.e. impact) sites following Fire Ant Control Centre (FACC) protocols. A series of soil samples were collected over repeated Methoprene applications, and analysed to determine mite diversity, community structure and chemical composition of the soil. A comparison of these characteristics at ‘control’ and ‘treated’ sites over repeated Methoprene applications enabled the assessment of the non-target impacts of Methoprene on soil mites and soil function.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
4
BATISTA, Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira. "Efic?cia in vitro de uma formula??o aerossol de Piriproxifen e Ciflutrina no controle de Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouch?, 1835) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2240.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-27T19:09:45Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2013 - Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira Batista.pdf: 1288520 bytes, checksum: 258e3cf77d272f259a164d0a1e9ca8fa (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T19:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira Batista.pdf: 1288520 bytes, checksum: 258e3cf77d272f259a164d0a1e9ca8fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27
CNPq
FAPERJ
FAPUR
The objective of the present study was to evaluate through in vitro test, the efficacy and residual period of protection in an aerosol formulation of pyriproxyfen and cyfluthrin in the Ctenocephalides felis felis control. A white felt of one millimeter of thickness and two square meters was impregnated with a formulation at a concentration of 0.04% of cyfluthrin and 0.05% of pyriproxyfen (Fleegard ? Bayer), and after dried, retained at a natural conditions environment until the challenge?s day. For each day of weekly challenge, six strips of impregnated carpet and six control strips, without treatment were used. For the test with immature forms, each strip was placed in a test tube with 10 eggs or 10 larvae and a half gram of a required diet for the larval development. The tubes were inside an incubator at a temperature of 28 ? 1 ?C and relative humidity of 75 ? 10%. At the 25th day after the incubation, the material of each challenge was fixed with alcohol 70 ?GL and the quantification of adults emerged from puparium was performed with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. The average efficacy of egg-adult interruption of development was 98.78%, with minimum variation 89.47% and maximum 100%, and the larvae-adult was 96.16%, with minimum variation 82.14% and maximum 100%, over 182 days of challenge. For the test with adults were placed ten fleas not fed C. felis felis in each tube, being five male and five females. It was recorded the number of live and dead in times of 10 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour, two hours, three hours, four hours and 24 hours with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope on days 0 (30 min after impregnation of the felt), +1, +2, +5, +10, +15, +20 and +30 and was found to effectively, respectively of 35.7; 88.5; 75.9; 66.7; 67.6; 40.7; 22.2 and 12.3. It can be concluded that in aerosol formulation of cyfluthrin and pyriproxyfen was effective on the control of immature stages of C. felis felis for up to 26 weeks and adults after 24 h exposure to the product with residual action period extending substantially up to two days after the impregnation of felt.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar atrav?s de teste in vitro, a efic?cia e o per?odo residual de prote??o de uma formula??o aerossol de piriproxifen e ciflutrina no controle de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Um feltro branco com um mil?metro de espessura e dois metros quadrados foi impregnado com a formula??o na apresenta??o de aerossol, em uma concentra??o de 0,04% de ciflutrina e de 0,05% de piriproxifen (Fleegard? BAYER) e ap?s a secagem, mantido no ambiente em condi??es naturais at? o dia de desafio. Foram utilizadas seis tiras de feltro impregnadas com o produto e seis tiras controle, sem tratamento, para cada dia de desafio semanal. Para o teste com formas imaturas, cada tira foi colocada em tubo de ensaio contendo 10 ovos ou 10 larvas e meio grama de uma dieta necess?ria para o desenvolvimento larval. Os tubos foram mantidos em c?mara climatizada com temperatura de 28?1?C e umidade relativa de 75?10%. No 25? dia ap?s a incuba??o, o material de cada desafio foi fixado com ?lcool 70?GL e realizada a quantifica??o de adultos emergidos do pup?rio com aux?lio de microsc?pio estereosc?pico. A efic?cia m?dia da interrup??o do desenvolvimento ovo-adulto foi de 98,78%, com varia??es m?nima de 89,47% e m?xima de 100%, e para a larva-adulto foi de 96,16%, com varia??es m?nima de 82,14% e m?xima de 100%, ao longo de 182 dias de desafio. Para o teste com adultos foram colocadas dez pulgas adultas n?o alimentadas de C. felis felis em cada tubo, sendo cinco machos e cinco f?meas. Foi registrado o n?mero de insetos vivos e mortos nos tempos de 10 minutos, 30 minutos, uma hora, duas horas, tr?s horas, quatro horas e 24 horas com aux?lio de um microsc?pio estereosc?pico, nos dias 0 (30 minutos ap?s a impregna??o do feltro), +1; +2; +5; +10; +15; +20 e +30 e constatou-se a efic?cia, respectivamente de 35,7; 88,5; 75,9; 66,7; 67,6; 40,7; 22,2 e 12;3. P?de-se concluir que a formula??o aerossol de ciflutrina e piriproxifen foi eficaz no controle ambiental de formas imaturas de C. felis felis por um per?odo de 26 semanas e para adultos 24 h ap?s a exposi??o ao produto com per?odo residual de a??o estendendo-se de forma significativa por at? dois dias ap?s a impregna??o do feltro.
5
Coombs, Robert. "The control of nuisance Diptera breeding in sewage biological filters by low frequency dosing and application of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/43033/.
Full textAbstract:
The efficacy of low frequency dosing, and application of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen, for the control of sewage filter flies, was assessed. The low dosing frequency trials targeted primarily Sylvicola fenestralis, but also the chironomids Limnophyes minimus and Metriocnemus hygropetricus. The trials of pyriproxyfen targeted Psychoda altemata. Three trials, assessing the effect of a range of dosing frequencies (20 down to 6 doses h-1), on filters with 50mm and 75mm slag media were undertaken. Retention time studies demonstrated that an increased surge or pulse of the applied sewage passed rapidly through the filter when the dosing frequency was reduced below 10, and at or below 12 doses h-1, for filters with 50mm and 75mm media, respectively. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in the wash-out of S. fenestralis egg masses, and a highly significant (P < 0.01) reduction in S.fenestralis larval numbers and adult emergence was recorded, in filters with a dosing frequency below 10, and at or below 12 doses h-1, for filters with 50mm and 75mm media. S. fenestralis populations were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with dosing frequency and retention. Surface film accumulation was not appreciably reduced, but accumulation deeper into the filters was altered. Chironomid populations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in filters with a reduced dosing frequency. Low frequency dosing did not effect the nondipteran fauna, or the long-term BOD purification efficiency of the filters. Two trials, assessing the efficacy of pyriproxyfen were undertaken. In the first, pyriproxyfen was applied as an aqueous suspension, at a concentration of 0.5mg 1-1. Significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the emergence of P. altemata adults were achieved for 22 days. Reductions ranged from 19% to 77%. In the second trial pyriproxyfen was applied as the granular formulation, Sumilarv®, at a dose rate of 77.4 g m-2 of filter area. Significant (P < 0.05) reductions in adult emergence were achieved for 28 days. Control ranged from 35% to 92%. No adverse effects on the non-dipteran filter fauna, the purification efficiency I or the invertebrates in the river receiving the works effluent, were detected.
6
Brabant, Peter J. III. "Effects of methoprene on the survivorship of adult Aedes mosquitoes: a strategy or inactivating released mosquitoes." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/1.
Full textAbstract:
Methoprene is a Juvenile Hormone (JH) analogue commonly used for the control of mosquito larvae. When applied to a mosquito breeding site, methoprene enters the haemolymph, where it mimics the function of JH and interferes with normal metamorphosis, resulting in larval mortality. Methoprene is commonly used for the control of larvae and has not been used as an adulticide, due to an absence of acute effects. This study evaluated possible chronic effects caused by the exposure of adult Aedes mosquitoes to methoprene. Methoprene was applied, in both technical grade and the commercially available Altosid®, topically to adults through droplet application on the abdomen and as a spray application. Mosquitoes were examined for treatment effects on ovary development, adult male and female mortality, and fecundity. The results demonstrate that relatively high doses are required to affect adult survivorship. In contrast, significant impacts on both fecundity and egg hatch were observed for females treated at the lower dosages. I discuss the results in relation to autocidal strategies for mosquito control in which the release of fecund females is to be avoided.
7
Jech, L. E., S. H. Husman, P. C. Ellsworth, and J. W. Diehl. "Whitefly Control Using Insect Growth Regulators." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211091.
Full textAbstract:
Management of whiteflies with two insect growth regulators was compared with standard practices in grower managed cotton near Gila Bend, AZ. The IGRs, Knack (pyriproxyfen) and Applaud (buprofezin) were tested in a randomized complete block experiment with seven replicates. University ofArizona recommendations were followed to time insecticide applications. Following IGR applications, the nymphal populations remained near or below action thresholds (≤ 0.5-1.0 large nymphs per 3.88 cm² disk) from early August through early October. The standard practices treatments maintained the nymphal population through only early September, when populations sharply increased IGR treatments resulted in adult populations below University of Arizona action thresholds nearly as long as the nymphs. There was an adult population peak that followed a nymphal peak near the middle of September.
8
Skiles, Andrea Glenn. "EVALUATION OF PYRIPROXYFEN APPLIED IN BARRIER SPRAYS FOR MOSQUITO SUPPRESSION." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/36.
Full textAbstract:
Despite advances in mosquito management, mosquito-borne disease in the United States is still of relevant public health concern and vector control is a top priority in preventing transmission of pathogens. Insecticide barrier sprays have become a common tool for suppression of mosquitoes in single-homeowner backyards. The application of the synthetic pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin to perimeter vegetation with a backpack sprayer has been shown to significantly suppress mosquito levels for around 6 weeks. In an attempt to lengthen the effective duration of treatment, the IGR, pyriproxyfen, was added to a backpack mist blower with lambda-cyhalothrin, as adult mosquitoes exposed to pyriproxyfen have been shown to disseminate it to oviposition sites and to experience lowered fecundity. This treatment was compared to lambda-cyhalothrin alone and to a water control. Mosquito populations were sampled using CO2-baited CDC light traps, CDC gravid traps, human landing rates, and ovitraps. Leaf bioassays were performed. The following summer, the same treatments were applied with a truck-mounted mist blower to tree lines in Central Kentucky, to test the efficacy of an application method that could be used on large properties. Finally, bioassays were performed with water sampled from pyriproxyfen-treated containers, exposed to field conditions to test for residual efficacy.
9
Bartlett, A. C., L. J. Lewis, and B. A. Hunter. "Control of the Sweetpotato Whitefly by Insect Growth Regulators." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208356.
Full textAbstract:
Two newly developed insect growth regulators were tested at two dose levels for control of the sweetpotato whitefly on cotton. The two chemicals showed some promise for control although the dose rate and application schedules were not optimal and plot sizes were too small to show a decrease in cotton stickiness or sugar content due to the treatments. In these tests a chitin synthesis inhibitor was more effective in controlling immature stages than a juvenile hormone mimic.
10
Kaur, Jasmit. "A computational study of juvenile hormone analogues." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241519.
Full text
11
Ellsworth, P. C., J. W. Diehl, I. W. Kirk, and T. J. Henneberry. "Whitefly Growth Regulators: Large-Scale Evaluation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211092.
Full textAbstract:
Two insect growth regulators (IGRs) that are selective against whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) became available for the first time in 1996 to Arizona cotton growers under emergency exemption. These IGRs were studied in a commercial -scale whitefly management trial (178 acres) in 1996. The trial was designed to evaluate provisional whitefly recommendations. Three sets of factors were tested in a 48 plot factorial design: application methods, thresholds for initiating IGR use, and insecticide regimes. Ground (broadcast at 15 gallons/acre) and aerial applications (5 gallons/acre) were roughly equivalent over a wide range of variables examined (whitefly populations, number of sprays, cost, and yield). Under the higher population densities, ground applications sometimes suppressed whiteflies to a greater extent than aerial applications. The rapid advance of the population resulted in the initial triggering of all thresholds within just five days. No consistent trend in population suppression was seen for the thresholds tested (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 large, visible nymphs per 3.88 sq cm leaf disk located between the major and first, left lateral vein of the fifth main stem node leaf below the terminal). The control cost for the highest threshold was significantly less than for the middle threshold, but not for the lower threshold. Under emergency exemption, each IGR may be used only once per season. The sequence of use did not result in any consistent advantage in population suppression, cost, number of sprays needed, or yield. The IGR regimes were in general more efficacious, less disruptive, and less costly than the conventional insecticide regime. There were significantly fewer sprays needed by the IGR regimes compared to the conventional regime. All regimes successfully controlled whitefly populations for a 12 week period and cost significantly less than conventional programs tested in 1995 (Ellsworth et al. 1996a). IGRs are effective, long-lasting, and less environmentally disruptive alternatives to conventional insecticides. They reduce the risk of secondary pest outbreaks and pest resistance, and increase the opportunity of natural enemy conservation.
12
Palumbo, John C. "Evaluation of Insect Growth Regulators for Management of Whiteflies in Melons." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221650.
Full textAbstract:
Whitefly populations were assessed under different IGR exposure levels, and compared to Admire. When used alone during the season Applaud, Knack, and Sterling significantly reduced immature colonization similar to the standard Admire application and significantly greater than the untreated melons. Applaud treatments, regardless of spray frequency, showed the most consistent reduction in immature whiteflies. Applaud through its vapor activity also appeared to provide a long residual period of control against nymphs. Single applications of Knack and Sterling were considerably less effective in preventing colonization than applying these material twice during the season. These compounds appeared to have considerably less residual activity, which is consistent with their modes of activity. All of the IGRs had a significant impact on the distribution of nymphs among the leaves on the primary vine. In addition, Applaud provided the best melon quality. We now have a good understanding of how the IGRs influence whitefly population growth, the residual mortality of the IGRs and proper application timing for whitefly management. This information will allow us to develop a simple and reliable method that growers and PCAs can use to assess product performance and time spray applications.
13
Diehl, J. W., S. E. Naranjo, and P. C. Ellsworth. "Whitefly Growth Regulators: A Field Sampling Protocal for Nymphs." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211111.
Full textAbstract:
We developed a sampling protocol for nymphs of the sweetpotato whitefly for timing the application of insect growth regulators. These plans require counting the number of large, visible nymphs within a 3.88 cm² leaf disk on the fifth main stem node leaf down from the terminal. Use of insect growth regulators for whitefly control is recommended when whitefly densities from 30 plants average 0.5 - 1.0 large nymphs per disk and 3 - 5 adults per leaf. We evaluated these sampling and decision- making plans within a large -scale field experiment. Precision was adequate for densities of 1.0 large nymph per leaf and greater, but sample sizes greater than 30 are needed for lower densities. The ability of samplers to detect and categorize nymphal instars and sampler-to-sampler variation in this ability were significant sources of variation. A binomial (presence/absence) sampling plan may diminish sampler-sampler variation while increasing efficiency and accuracy of decision- making.
14
Coppen, George Donald Aylmer. "The use of benzoylphenyl ureas as novel insecticides for the control of locusts and grasshoppers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295727.
Full text
15
Ellsworth, Peter C., and Steve E. Naranjo. "Whitefly Management with Insect Growth Regulators and the influence of Lygus Controls." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197272.
Full textAbstract:
The three keys to whitefly management are sampling, effective chemical use, and avoidance. This study examines factors relevant to the latter two keys in the context of Arizona’s cotton pest spectrum. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are central to Arizona’s success in whitefly management. The basic usage guidelines developed for the IGRs—initial treatment timing, prescribed intervals between successive uses, and one use each seasonal limits—are all valuable in the development of a sustainable use pattern. Re-treatment timing guidelines for the second IGR has been the subject of investigation for the past two years. However, whitefly pressure in 1998 was strikingly different and lower than in any other post-introduction year. Re-treatment was unnecessary and thus could not be evaluated this year. Lygus, on the other hand, were at damaging levels early in plant development and for a protracted period. Future successes in whitefly management should consider the whole pest spectrum and depend on integrating chemical controls for all sprayed pests. While our primary focus is to optimize management of whiteflies in the context of other pests, this study examined the impact of Lygus controls on whitefly population dynamics and cotton production. Three sprays were required to control Lygus populations in this study. These sprays were atypically non-disruptive to whitefly population dynamics, and instead, helped to suppress low-level populations of whiteflies even further. This lack of disruption may have been due in part to the reduced abundance and role of natural enemies in this study. Lygus sprays did protect yields with a 3-fold advantage over untreated plots. Furthermore, there were a series of negative consequences of poor Lygus control. Plants tended to be more vegetative and more difficult to defoliate. Lower lint turnouts were documented for the Lygus-untreated areas. Sources of this additional loss were identified and included increased gin trash and larger seed size in Lygus-untreated areas. The lint also had significantly more sticking points as measured by manual thermodetector. While all cotton was determined to be non-sticky, this increased contamination may have been also related to the higher trash levels. Because of the differences in outcome in 1997 and 1998 in terms of Lygus spray effects on whiteflies, it is even more imperative that we further test whitefly management systems under near commercial conditions. A better understanding of the relationship between the control programs for these two major pests will help guide decisions on remedial inputs. This study also serves as an annual, replicated, and systematic accounting of whitefly population dynamics and control requirements useful for making historical comparisons across years. Inferences may be drawn about what are and are not the underlying causes of the unusual population dynamics observed in 1998.
16
Bariola, Louis A. "Using Plant Growth Regulators to Control Pink Bollworms and Boll Weevils." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219781.
Full text
17
Agnew, G. Ken, George B. Frisvold, and Paul Baker. "Use of Insect Growth Regulators and Changing Whitefly Control Costs in Arizona Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197495.
Full textAbstract:
In 1996, two Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs), pyriproxyfen (Knack®) and buprofezin (Applaud®) became available to Arizona cotton growers for control of whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii under a Section 18 EPA exemption. This study makes use of a section-level database to examine (a) factors explaining IGR adoption and (b) how adopters of IGRs altered their overall insecticide use to control whiteflies. IGR adoption can be explained to a large extent by location effects. Adoption was more likely on sections where an index of whitefly susceptibility to synergized pyrethroids was low and on sections with higher whitefly control costs in the previous year. Adoption was inversely related to local population density. On sections where growers adopted IGRs, expenditures on synergized pyrethroid and other whitefly-specific tank mix applications fell by $62.52 per acre. On sections with no IGR adoption, tank mix expenditures fell less, by $44.37 per acre. On adopting sections, net costs of controlling whiteflies fell by $29.62 per acre, or by over $11,000 per farm.
18
Austin, Clinton Mark. "The efficacy of topically applied fluazuron and flumethrin in the control of sheep myiasis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60279.
Full textAbstract:
Small stock farming and production accounted for approximately 8.4% of total animal product based agricultural output in the 2011 / 2012 season in South Africa. Large scale commercial farming aside, small stock farming also takes on an important role in poorer and developing rural areas of South Africa, where small stock are kept for a combination of economic and non-economic reasons including financial investment or security, food and resource production, as well as religious or traditional reasons.
Blowflies are Dipterids with complex life cycles and complete metamorphoses, causing damage to hides and frequent death in their ovine hosts, as a result of cutaneous myiasis caused by the larval stages. All economically important blowfly species causing veterinary myiasis belong to the superfamily Oestroidea, which contains the three major families Oestridae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophidae. The two most significant blowfly genera in South Africa, Lucillia and Chrysomya, both belong to the family Calliphoridae.
Chemical means of preventing and treating blowfly strike by topical application remains the most widely used method and appears to be indispensable at this stage. New molecules or formulations effective against blowfly strike are constantly being sought and form part of an active field of research. Bayer currently manufactures and markets Drastic Deadline Extreme ®, a pour-on formulation containing flumethrin and fluazuron for the control of blue ticks (Rhipicephalus decoloratus) in cattle; its possible action against blowflies in sheep was investigated in an in-vitro model, subsequent to a pilot pharmacokinetic study evaluating the kinetics of fluazuron when applied topically to sheep in this particular combination.
The first objective of the project was to determine whether fluazuron has any effect at all on the development of blowfly larvae. An active ingredient from the same family of compounds, namely triflumeron, has been successfully used for several years to control blowfly strike in sheep in South Africa (Zapp ® Pour on - Bayer), but it was uncertain whether or not fluazuron would be effective. Raw fluazuron was applied to six pieces of beef according to a dose calculation based on the registered dose of the test product in cattle, while another six pieces were treated with saline in a similar fashion (n=6). Each piece of beef was placed in its own container along with six late instar larvae and placed in the incubator at 35°C for a further nine days. In this instance, the treated group demonstrated significant development defects with regard to pupation (uneclosed pupae) when analysed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric t-test (p = 0.002).Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Paraclinical Sciences
MSc
Unrestricted
19
Binder, Bradley Fletcher. "The chemistry and biology of insect growth regulators from plants in the genus Nama (Hydrophyllaceae)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184795.
Full textAbstract:
A strategy for the discovery of new insect growth regulators from arid lands plants was developed. Plant genera with a history of toxicity, medicinal use, or incorporation in native american cultures were selected. Forty-five species from twenty-one families were collected, extracted, and tested for biological activity on the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus. Eight extracts were toxic and the extract of Nama hispidum (Hydrophyllaceae) caused nymphs to undergo precocious metamorphosis to an adult. The active component of N. hispidum was precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl chromene). Nine Nama species, representing four of the five sections in the genus were gathered from Hawaii, California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and the Dominican Republic. In addition to the insect anti-hormone, precocene II (PII), present in N. hispidum, N. rothrockii contained at least two different insect juvenile hormone mimics, and N. sandwicense contained insect anti-hormone and insect juvenile hormone mimics. Fifth instar larvae of Heliothis zea were used as model insects to distinguish between post-ingestive intoxication and feeding deterrency during exposure to PII. Larvae fed artificial diet with PII were deterred from eating, and had retarded weight gain, growth, and development. Insects grown on diet with PII consumed less food, could not digest the food, or convert ingested food to body mass. in vivo radiotracer studies with the nutrient, ¹⁴C linoleic acid, show a lower rate of transport and incorporation of radioactivity into fat body tissue. A change in the midgut epithelial cells from PII resulted in reduced transport efficiency and retarded larval growth and development. Scanning electron microscopy of the midgut epithelia indicated that cytotoxic damage is induced by PII. Observed changes in the midgut epithelial cells are consistent with a destructive alkylation of cell structures by PII.
20
Naranjo, Steven E., and James R. Hagler. "Conservation of Natural Enemies Relative to Use of Insect Growth Regulators for Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211102.
Full textAbstract:
As part of a large-scale, multi-institutional experiment in 1996 to examine and demonstrate strategies for management of Bemisia tabaci involving the use of two insect growth regulators (IGRs), we evaluated effects on the abundance and activity of native natural enemies. For parasitoids there were significant differences between insecticides regimes on 4 of 10 sampling dates. In general, parasitoid abundance and rates of parasitism were depressed in treatment plots receiving a rotation of conventional chemistry in comparison with those receiving IGRs. There was no apparent effect of any of the treatment variables on parasitoid emergence (immature survival). Results for arthropod predators are still preliminary, but densities were generally depressed in plots receiving a rotation of conventional insecticides in comparison with those receiving IGRs. These preliminary results suggest that use of IGRs for suppression of B. tabaci may help conserve populations of important natural enemies.
21
Khosravi, Mona. "‘Investigating the regulation of growth by nitric oxide signalling in Drosophila melanogaster’." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/38117/.
Full textAbstract:
Mechanisms associated with growth regulation have been shown to be highly conserved in mammals and Drosophila, especially when examining the insulin signalling pathway. Previous studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) signalling can inhibit growth and cell proliferation in a Drosophila forkhead box O (dFOXO)- dependent manner. dFOXO is a component of the insulin signalling pathway and has also been demonstrated to inhibit growth via its interactions with components in this pathway; however, the mechanism by which dFOXO and NO interact is unclear. Since inhibition of growth by NO is dependent on dFOXO, this thesis examines the effect of co-expressing nitric oxide synthase II (NOS2) with three dFOXO alleles (dFOXO25, dFOXO21 and dFOXOBG01018) in Drosophila salivary glands taken from third instar larvae. It concludes that the dFOXO25 null allele appeared to be the strongest deletion of dFOXO given that salivary gland nuclei appear most similar in size to the wild type. This indicates that NO-induced growth inhibition only occurred to a very small degree as a result of a powerful loss-of-function of dFOXO exhibited in dFOXO25 homozygotes. This thesis also investigates the effects of NO on salivary glands taken from the same developmental stage when co-expressed with overexpressed oncogenes, dMyc and RasV12. Nuclei measurements were larger than the NOS2-only expressing line and smaller than the lines expressing only each of the oncogenes. However, TEM analysis revealed that co-expression might induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the glands. Research shows that NO and these oncogenes can provide the reactants necessary to generate peroxynitrite, which is associated with the generation of ER stress. When examining the effects of these growth regulators on mitochondria and Golgi, this thesis reports that dFOXO, NOS2 and dMyc can increase mitochondrial biogenesis. Golgi was unaffected by expression of the growth regulators.
22
Chu, Chang-chi, Thomas J. Henneberry, Louis A. Bariola, and Brian Deeter. "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators Under Short-Season Conditions on Pink Bollworm Populations, Cotton Yields and Defoliation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208370.
Full textAbstract:
Plant growth regulators (PGR's) [thidiazuron (Dropp®) N-phenyl-N' -1,2,3-thiadiazol -5 ylurea, 50% wettable powder, Nor-Am Agricultural Products, Inc., Naperville, IL, and ethephon (Prep®) a- chloroethyl phosphonic acid Rhone - Poulenc Ag Co., Research Triangle Park NC] were applied to reduce late- season fruiting forms as a source of host material for developing overwintering PBW populations. Combinations of ethephon and thidiazuron or thidiazuron alone were more effective than ethephon alone for reducing late -season immature green bolls. None of the PGR's alone or in combination affected yields. Highest rates of defoliation occurred after applications of thidiazuron. The data suggest that temperature thresholds for highest plant growth regulator activity occur.
23
Rethwisch, Michael D., Tony Tellez, Alphonso Tellez, David Tellez, Mary Shaw, Alex Galarza, and Luis Lastra. "Evaluation of Oils, Insecticides and Insect Growth Regulators for Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly on Muskmelon and Watermelon." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214506.
Full textAbstract:
Five insecticides, four oils, one soap, and two insect growth regulators were evaluated for control of sweetpotato whitefly on muskmelons and watermelons in 1990. Best control (> 80%) was noted from the insect growth regulators at 11 days post treatment, but declined thereafter. Oils as a class provided some control but not all oils provided similar results. Insecticides tested did not provide adequate control and resulted in increased whitefly egg and nymph numbers at 11 days post treatment.
24
Westerlund, Stephanie. "Measuring juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid titers in insect haemolymph simultaneously by LC-MS the basis for determining the effectiveness of plant-derived alkaloids as insect growth regulators /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972100164.
Full text
25
Chiou, Chuang-Jiun. "Expression of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Gene in Insect Cells by a Baculovirus Vector." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798471/.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this research is to describe the production and characterization of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) in insect cells, using Autographa californica buclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) as an expression vector. All three forms of biological activity of hGM-CSF. Following N-glycanase treatment, the two glycosylated hGM-CSF proteins (15.5 and 16.5 KDa) which bound to Concanavalin A affinity column ran as a 14.5-15.5 KDa band on SDS-PAGE. Western blot analysis of expression in Sf9 cells treated with tunicamycin revealed only the presence of the 14.5 KDa species. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the recombinant hGM-CSF was identical to that of natural hGM-CSF deduced from cDNA. These results demonstrate that baculovirus-produced hGM-CSF could be N-glycosylated in Sf9 cells, the signal peptide of recombinant hGM-CSF could be recognized and cleaved by infected insect cells and the resultant molecule secreted into the medium.
26
Ono, Éric Kodi. "Efeito letal e subletal de inseticidas reguladores de crescimento ao predador Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) em condições de laboratório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-11112014-153340/.
Full textAbstract:
O uso de inseticidas em um agroecossistema pode interferir na densidade e ação dos inimigos naturais e comprometer a eficácia do controle biológico dentro de um programa de manejo integrado de pragas. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar, em laboratório, os efeitos letal e subletais de inseticidas reguladores de crescimento sobre larvas e adultos com até 24 h de idade do predador Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861). Para isso, larvas recém-eclodidas foram submetidas à pulverização de 2 mL de calda, do respectivo tratamento, em torre de Potter ajustada para deposição de 1,8 ± 0,1 mg cm-2. Os inseticidas e doses (g i.a. L-1) avaliados foram: piriproxifem 0,2 (Tiger 100 EC), buprofezina 0,5 (Applaud 250), tebufenozida 0,22 (Mimic 240 SC), metoxifenozida 0,75 (Intrepid 240 SC), diflubenzurom 0,12 (Micromite 240 SC), lufenurom 0,05 (Match EC). Água destilada foi utilizada como tratamento controle. A mortalidade de larvas, pupas e adultos e o número de ovos depositados pelas fêmeas foram avaliados a cada 24 h. A viabilidade de ovos foi determinada a partir da terceira oviposição das fêmeas utilizando 100 ovos de cada indivíduo. Os efeitos letais foram observados em larvas tratadas com diflubenzurom, lufenurom e piriproxifem. Os inseticidas piriproxifem, tebufenozida, metoxifenozida e buprofezina causaram redução na fecundidade de 20 a 40% e na fertilidade de no máximo 10%, sendo considerados levemente nocivos (30The use of pesticides within an agricultural system can interfere with the density and functionality of natural enemies, thus endangering the efficacy of biological control in the Integrated Pest Management program. Hence, this study evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of six Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) insecticides over the larvae and adults of Green Lacewing Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861) under laboratory conditions. Neonate larvae and newly-emerged adults were sprayed with the respective treatments with the aid of a Potter Tower (2 mL of spray solution, 1.8 ± 0.1 mg cm-2 of deposition). The insecticides and rates (g a.i. L-1) evaluated were: pyriproxyfen 0.2 (Tiger 100 EC), buprofezin 0.5 (Applaud 250), tebufenozide 0.22 (Mimic 240 SC), methoxyfenozide 0.75 (Intrepid 240 SC), diflubenzuron 0.12 (Micromite 240 SC), lufenuron 0.05 (Match EC) and for control, distilled water. The mortality of larvae, pupa and adults and the number of eggs laid were registered daily. The viability was assessed by observing the percentage of eclosion from 100 eggs. Lethal effects were observed in larvae treated with diflubenzurom, lufenuron and pyriproxyfen. The insecticides pyriproxyfen, tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide and buprofezin reduced fecundity from 20 to 40% and fertility at highest 10%, being considered slightly harmful (30%
27
Raggatt, Liza. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the insert negative isoform of the human calcitonin receptor regulates cell growth /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr142.pdf.
Full text
28
Tiba, Leticia Mika. "Efeito de alguns inseticidas sobre a mariposa Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) por meio de iscas esterilizantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-18072008-104004/.
Full textAbstract:
A mariposa Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), conhecida popularmente como traça das crucíferas, é uma importante praga da cultura das brássicas no Brasil e em diversos países. Seu controle normalmente é realizado com aplicações freqüentes de inseticidas convencionais, porém esse controle tem se mostrado ineficiente, além dos problemas ambientais, econômicos e de resistência de insetos que pode causar. A quimioesterilização apresenta-se como uma alternativa para o manejo desta praga, utilizando inseticidas modernos, mais seletivos aos inimigos naturais e de menor impacto ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o emprego de alguns inseticidas com propriedades esterilizantes sobre a fase adulta de Plutella xylostella determinando as dosagens adequadas que atuaram sobre sua reprodução. Os produtos foram fornecidos às mariposas em forma de iscas que consistiram em: solução do produto + melaço 10%. Os inseticidas utilizados e suas respectivas dosagens foram abamectina (0,0025 g i.a./L calda), diflubenzurom (0,005 g i.a./L calda), lufenurom (0,005 g i.a./L calda) e piriproxifem (0,01 g i.a./L calda), além da testemunha. Apenas o tratamento com abamectina afetou a fecundidade de Plutella xylostella, apresentando 10,23 ± 4,41 ovos em média, enquanto na testemunha obteve-se 64,54 ± 15,11 ovos, porém a fertilidade foi afetada por todos os produtos. A viabilidade média dos ovos dos tratamentos com abamectina, diflubenzurom, lufenurom e piriproxifem foi, respectivamente 3,35%; 46,69%; 9,31% e 12,47%; todos diferiram estatisticamente da testemunha que apresentou viabilidade de 83,89%. A longevidade dos insetos tratados com os produtos não diferiu dos não tratados, com exceção dos indivíduos tratados com abamectina que apresentaram uma redução no tempo de vida. Quando os produtos testados foram oferecidos isoladamente para machos e fêmeas, a ação esterilizante apenas pode ser observada em fêmeas desta espécie, os machos não apresentaram nenhuma diferença com relação à testemunha quando alimentados com as iscas esterilizantes.Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), commonly known as diamondback moth, is an important pest of Brassicaceae in Brazil and several other countries. Its control is usually done with frequent applications of conventional insecticides. However, this approach is sometimes ineffective, besides some drawbacks such as environmental contamination, the high cost of application and the development of insecticides resistance. Chemosterilization using modern insecticides presents an alternative for this pest management. The aim of this study was to evaluate a range of insecticides with sterilizing properties on the adult reproduction of Plutella xylostella. Pesticides were provided to moths in baits, diluted in 10% molasses water solution. The insecticides used and respective doses were: abamectin (0.0025 g a.i./L), diflubenzuron (0.005 g a.i./L), lufenuron (0.005 g a.i./L) and pyriproxyfen (0.01 g a.i./L). A 10% molasses solution was used as a control treatment. Only abamectin affected the fecundity of Plutella xylostella, with a reduction from 64.54 ± 15.11 eggs/moth obtained in the control treatment to 10.23 ± 4.41 eggs/moth, when adults were fed this pesticide. However, fertility was affected by all pesticides. Egg viability when adults were feed abamectin (3.35%), diflubenzuron (46.69%), lufenuron (9.31%) and pyriproxyfen (12.47%) were reduced when compared to the control (83.89%). Only adults that were abamectin fed had their longevity reduced as compared to all other treatments. When the tested pesticides were offered isolated to males or females, their sterilizing activity was observed only when females had access to treated baits.
29
Ortego, Felix. "Evaluation of juvenoid insect growth regulators and a new non-steroidal ecdysone agonist on the American grasshopper, Schistocerca americana (Drury), and the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186322.
Full textAbstract:
Three aromatic juvenoids (fenoxycarb, JH-286 and a new pyrazole analog) were evaluated for morphogenetic, chromotropic, morphometric and prothoracicotropic activities on the American grasshopper, Schistocerca americana (Drury), and their activities compared with those of commercial methoprene and synthetic JH-III. Fenoxycarb, the most active insect growth regulator examined, was found to induce a significant mortality in developing nymphs and caused severe morphogenetic damage during ecdysis to the adult. Juvenoid treatment were also observed to promote some overaged nymphs and to induce chromotropic changes in both the cuticle and hemolymph pigmentation. Except for a reduced larvicidal action, similar levels of activity were obtained when fenoxycarb was tested on the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal). The chromoproteins responsible for the green coloration characteristic of the hemolymph of S. americana and S. gregaria were isolated and characterized. Hemolymph from last instar nymphs and adults of S. americana was characterized by the presence of yellow lipophorin (Lp), a green chromoprotein (G-P), and two cyanoproteins (Cp-I and Cp-II). Treatment with fenoxycarb enhanced the concentration of the two cyanoproteins in nymphs and adults, and induced the appearance of a third cyanoprotein (Cp-F) in nymphs. Hemolymph from last instar nymphs of S. gregaria was characterized by the presence of yellow lipophorin (Lp) and two blue cyanoproteins (HCp and LCp), whereas only Lp and LCp were present in adults. Treatment with fenoxycarb increased the concentration of both cyanoproteins in nymphs, but only of LCp in adults. The non-steroidal ecdysone-agonist 2RH-5849 (1,2-dibenzoyl-1-tert-buthyl-hydrazine) was found to be an effective neuropoison when injected on S. americana. Treated grasshoppers became immediately hyperactive, followed by loss of coordination, paralysis and eventually death. We discovered that this insect growth regulator also induced bilateral autotomy of the methatoracic legs. However, no evidence of ecdysonergic or morphogenetic activities were found. Synergism studies with neurotoxins of known mode of action suggested that RH-5849 has a mechanism of action similar to that of 4-amino pyridine, which blocks potassium channels.
30
Silva, Márcio Alves. "Avaliação do potencial inseticida de Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) visando ao controle de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera:Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-03082010-083033/.
Full textAbstract:
Avaliou-se a bioatividade de derivados do nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) como componente de isca para adultos e como regulador de crescimento de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) e Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.), determinando-se, ainda, o efeito de concentrações subletais de extratos de nim e o efeito deterrente de oviposição do extrato metanólico de folhas sobre C. capitata. Utilizando o extrato aquoso de amêndoas de nim, estimou-se a CL50 para adultos e imaturos, cujos valores foram 7.522 e 1.368 ppm para os adultos e 13.028 e 9.390 ppm para os imaturos de A. fraterculus e C. capitata, respectivamente. Subsequentemente, o óleo de amêndoas, os extratos de folhas, de ramos e de amêndoas de nim em diferentes solventes (água, metanol, diclorometano e hexano) foram comparados com base nas CL50 obtidas para adultos e para imaturos. Posteriormente, foram estimadas concentrações subletais (CL15 = 39 ppm, CL30 = 225 ppm e CL45 = 888 ppm) do extrato aquoso de amêndoas para adultos de C. capitata e avaliouse nessas concentrações o efeito do extrato aquoso de amêndoas, de folhas em metanol e de ramos em diclorometano sobre a reprodução e a longevidade dessa espécie. A deterrência de oviposição do extrato metanólico de folhas de nim em diferentes concentrações (10.000, 18.000, 32.000 e 56.000 ppm) para C. capitata foi avaliada tratando bagas de uva, que foram expostas às fêmeas com chance e sem chance de escolha. Verificou-se que os derivados do nim na concentração de até 7.522 e 1.368 ppm não afetaram os adultos de A. fraterculus e C. capitata, respectivamente. Já para a fase imatura, os extratos de amêndoas e de ramos em diclorometano na concentração de 13.028 ppm causaram mortalidade de A. fraterculus e na concentração de 9.390 ppm o extrato de amêndoas em metanol e em diclorometano causaram mortalidade de C. capitata. Houve redução da fecundidade total e da fertilidade no 8º dia quando os insetos foram alimentados com extrato de ramos em diclorometano a 888 ppm. A longevidade de machos e fêmeas e o período de pré-oviposição não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. O extrato de folhas em metanol provocou deterrência de oviposição para C. capitata em situação de chance de escolha, porém, em confinamento, o referido extrato não afetou o comportamento dessa espécie. A experiência recente de C. capitata não alterou a sua resposta em relação a bagas de uva tratadas. A atividade biológica dos derivados do nim em relação às moscas-das-frutas é discutida.The bioactivity of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) as adult bait and as larval growth regulator for Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) was evaluated. Besides, the effect of sublethal concentrations of neem extracts and the oviposition deterrency of the methanolic extract from leaves on C. capitata was evaluated. The estimated LC50 of aqueous extract from seed kernels were 7,522 and 1,368 ppm for adults and 13,028 and 9,390 ppm for immatures of A. fraterculus and C. capitata, respectively. In addition, the oil from seed kernels and the extracts from leaves, branches and seed kernels in different solvents (water, methanol, dichloromethane and hexane) were compared based on the LC50 obtained for adults and immatures. After that, sublethal concentrations from aqueous extract from neem seed kernels for C. capitata adults were estimated (LC15 = 39 ppm, LC30 = 225 ppm and LC45 = 888 ppm) and the effects of such concentrations on the reproduction and logenvity of this species were also accessed. Oviposition deterrency of C. capitata to grapes treated with leaf methanolic extract at different concentrations (10,000; 18,000; 32,000 and 56,000 ppm) was evaluated in free-choice or no-choice test. It was verified that the neem extracts on the concentrations up to 7,522 and to 1,368 ppm did not affect the adults of A. fraterculus and C. capitata, respectively. On the other hand, the extract from seed kernels and branches in dichloromethane at 13,028 ppm provoked mortality in A. fraterculus larvae and the seed kernel extract in methanol and dichloromethane at 9,390 ppm provoked high mortality in C. capitata larvae. The total fecundity was reduced significantly and the fertility decreased on the 8th day when the insects were fed on branch extract in dichloromethane at 888 ppm. The longevity of males and females and the pre-oviposition period were not affected by treatments. The leaf extract in methanol provoked oviposition deterrency for C. capitata in free-choice test, but did not affect its behavior in no-choice test. The C. capitatas early experience did not affect its answer to the grapes treated in free-choice and no-choice situations. The biological activity of the neem extracts to fruit flies is discussed.
31
Alamer, Ahmad Hussein [Verfasser], and Klaus Hubert [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann. "Endocrine control of fat body composition and effects of the insect growth regulators methoprene and pyriproxyfen on the development and reproduction of the Argentinian cockroach, Blaptica dubia Serville (Blattaria: Blaberidae) / Ahmad Hussein Alamer. Betreuer: Klaus Hubert Hoffmann." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1059353210/34.
Full text
32
Eriksson, Ulrika. "Impact of autocrine factors on physiology and productivity in Trichoplusia ni serum-free cultures." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191.
Full text
33
Tambarussi, Evandro Vagner. "Desenvolvimento de metodologias biotecnológicas para micropropagação, regeneração e transformação genética de teca (Tectona grandis L. f) visando resistência a Hyblaea puera." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-16032010-133003/.
Full textAbstract:
A transformação genética possibilita a introdução de genes de interesse nos genomas, podendo assim ser empregada na tentativa de melhorar características agronômicas e florestais. No entanto, para a obtenção de plantas transgênicas são necessários protocolos eficientes de regeneração de plantas in vitro. Em teca, dados sobre cultura de tecidos são escassos, havendo a necessidade de determinar condições ótimas para a mesma. Com isso, o trabalho teve por objetivos estudar a organogênese in vitro de teca visando desenvolver um método de regeneração eficiente, avaliar condições para o processo de transformação e testar a susceptibilidade da lagarta Hyblaea puera a toxinas produzidas pelo Bacillus thuringiensis. Foram avaliadas a influência de TDZ e BAP na indução da competência organogenética em hipocótilos, nó cotiledonar e cotilédones de teca. Os biorreguladores AIB, BAP, NAA e GA3 foram utilizados na regeneração de segmentos de hipocótilo, nó cotiledonar, raiz, epicótilo e cotilédone. Antibióticos supressores de Agrobacterium tumefaciens e a higromicina (seleção de células transgênicas), foram também avaliados. Finalmente, testes com o inseticida biológico DipelTM e esporos de B. thuringiensis crescidos em laboratório foram realizados com as lagartas de Hyblaea puera. Na aquisição de competência organogenética o TDZ proporcionou um aumento de 46% na regeneração e o BAP 26% quando comparados ao controle. Para a organogênese in vitro foi avaliado um máximo de 70% de regeneração em nó cotiledonares em meio MS adicionado de 1 mg.L-1 de BAP + 0,5 mg.L-1 de GA3. Entretanto, em outras concentrações dos meios de regeneração hipocótilos, raiz, cotilédones e epicótilos tiveram máximas frequências de regeneração em torno de 60%, 60%, 30% e 10%, respectivamente. Os antibióticos supressores da Agrobacterium tumefaciens tiveram efeitos diferentes para cada explante. Timentin e cefotaxima na concentração de 300 mg.L-1 aumentaram o número de brotos em hipocótilos e nó cotiledonar em 1,6 e 2,0 vezes, respectivamente. Em cotilédone esses antibióticos tiveram efeitos negativos no número de brotos. Carbenicilina em todas as doses influenciou negativamente a regeneração em todos os explantes utilizados. A higromicina a 2,5 mg.L-1 inibe em 100% a regeneração de cotilédones, nó cotiledonar e hipocótilo. Os ínstares mais novos de H. puera são susceptíveis tanto ao produto comercial DipelTM quanto aos esporos crescidos em laboratório, apresentando 100% de mortalidade a concentrações de 2x105 UFC após 24 horas de ingestão. Mostrando assim seu potencial na transgenia visando à expressão de genes de Bt para a resistência a insetos. Os resultados apresentados nesse trabalho contribuem para o ganho de informação sobre os fatores que influenciam a organogênese desta espécie, bem como, definir parâmetros que possam ser utilizados em experimentos futuros visando à transformação genética da espécie.Genetic transformation allows the introduction of genes in host genomes and can therefore be used to improve forestry and agronomic traits like insect resistence. However, efficient plant regeneration protocols are necessary to obtain transgenic plants. Thus far, information about in vitro teak (Tectona grandis L. f) organogenesis is scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study were: develop an efficient protocol for in vitro organogenesis of teak, assess conditions for its genetic transformation and test the susceptibility of the caterpillar Hyblaea puera to toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis. We evaluated the influence of TDZ and BAP on the induction of organogenic competence in hypocotyl, cotyledonary nodes and cotyledons. Growth regulators IBA, BAP, NAA and GA3 were used in the regeneration of the hypocotyl, cotyledonary node, root, epicotyl and cotyledon. Antibiotics for suppression of Agrobacterium tumefacien (timentin, cefotaxime and carbenicillin) and for selection of transgenic cells (hygromycin) were also evaluated. Finally, tests with the biological insecticide DipelTM and spores of B. thuringiensis grown in laboratory were performed with the caterpillar of Hyblaea puera. TDZ increases 46% the regeneration frequency and BAP 26% when compared to controls. Cotyledonary nodes showed the best regeneration frequency (70%) growing on MS medium added of 1 mg.L-1 BAP + 0.5 mg.L-1 GA3. Hypocotyls, roots, cotyledons and epicotyls presented variable frequency of regeneration (60%, 60%, 30%, and 10% respectively) growing on distinct concentrations of grown regulators. We tested three antibiotics (timentin, cefotaxime, and carbenicillin) to suppress A. tumefaciens in vitro growth and they presented different effects on the organogenesis of each explants used in this study. Timentin and cefotaxime at concentration of 300 mg.L-1 increased the number of buds on hypocotyls and cotyledonary nodes. Conversely, these antibiotics had negative effects on the number of shoots of cotyledonary explants. Carbenicillin at all doses presented a negative influence on regeneration of all explants. Hygromycin at concentration of 2.5 mg.L-1 inhibits 100% of regeneration of cotyledons, cotyledonary nodes, and hypocotyls. The young instars of H. puera are susceptible to likely both commercial product DipelTM and spores grown in the laboratory, presented 100% mortality at concentrations of 2x105 CFU after 24 hours of ingestion. These findings suggest its potential to be used in teak transgenic approaches for insect resistance. Our results contribute to information about factors that influence the organogenesis of this specie, as well as define parameters that can be used in future experiments aimed at the genetic transformation of the specie.
34
Mei, Joanne V. "The use of methoprene in the preparation of an immunogen from non-immunogenic insect growth regulators with juvenile hormone activity : development of a model system." 1988. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3052.
Full text
35
Magagula, Cebisile N. N. "Impact of insect growth regulators on non-target species, with an emphasis on Coccinellids on citrus, in Swaziland." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10310.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated effects of insect growth regulators (IGRs), recommended for use on
citrus in southern Africa, on non-target organisms, particularly species of Coccinellidae in and
around three citrus estates in the lowveld region of Swaziland, i.e. Tambuti, Tambankulu and
Tunzini estates. Some of the species are important predators of citrus pest insects. The
distribution of coccinellids within an agricultural land mosaic and factors affecting this
distribution pattern were also investigated. Results showed that coccinellid densities and
species diversity were lowest in the natural veld surrounding the orchards. In contrast, citrus
orchards had the highest coccinellid densities and diversity. River borders, along the Great
Usuthu river, had intermediate densities and diversity. While temperature, relative humidity and
ground insolation had no significant effect on coccinellid population densities, the presence /
absence of prey (host plant), on the other hand, was an important factor. This was the case
both for phytophagous and predatory coccinellid species. These showed close patterns of
distribution with their respective host plants or prey species. Economically important species,
such as Rodolia spp., were restricted to the orchards, while other species, especially those
whose economic role is uncertain, such as Cheilomenes lunata and Scymnus spp., were found
in most habitat types.
Coccinellid population densities were assessed during four treatment programmes: 1) an
integrated pest management (IPM) programme where no IGRs were used, 2) a programme
where any of the recommended IGRs were to be applied, 3) conventional pesticide
programme, and 4) an orchard which did not receive any chemically treatment over the last
four years (at Tambankulu estate only). Significant differences between treatment programmes
were observed at all three estates, when only economically important coccinellid species were
assessed. Orchards under an IPM programme (with no IGRs) were found to have significantly
higher population densities compared to those in IGR-treated or under a conventional pesticide
regime. The untreated orchard at Tambankulu, however, had significantly higher coccinellid
densities of economically important species and higher overall population densities than any
of the managed orchards. Of the three estates assessed, Tunzini had significantly higher
population densities of all beneficial coccinellids, (excluding the untreated orchard at Tambankulu). Natural vegetation around Tunzini and Tambuti contributed to the higher
coccinellid densities compared to Tambankulu, which was surrounded by other agricultural
land.
Laboratory and field experiments on two non-target species, the ladybird Chilocorus nigritus
(Fabricius) (all stages) and the moth Bombyx mori (Linnaeus) (larval stage) assessed specific
IGR effects, if any. Three IGRs, buprofezin, teflubenzuron (both chitin synthesis inhibitors) and
pyriproxyfen (a juvenile hormone analogue) were used. All three pesticides are currently
recommended for use on citrus in southern Africa and were tested at the recommended
dosages. Laboratory experiments showed that all three IGRs have a negative impact on both
non-target species. When B. mori received direct applications, there was larval mortality as a
result of the failing to complete moulting or dying immediately after moulting. In addition, no
larvae were able to pupate after having fed on contaminated leaves. In the case of C. nigritus,
larvae fed IGR-treated scale or sprayed with buprofezin suffered significantly higher mortality
than controls, while IGR effects on those sprayed with, or fed scale-treated with, pyriproxyfen
or teflubenzuron were not significant. No adults however, emerged from any pupae in any of
the treatment groups. All three IGRs had ovicidal activity on C.nigritus eggs. Adult fecundity
in both field and laboratory experiments was not affected significantly after exposure to any
of the three IGRs. In field experiments, the proportion of larvae of the moth and ladybird that
developed up to the reproductive adult stage, after exposure to buprofezin, was not
significantly different from the control. This was not the case for pyriproxyfen and
teflubenzuron. Buprofezin was therefore found to be the least detrimental of the three IGRs
tested.
Minimal drift was observed when a knapsack sprayer was used. However, there was spray drift
up to 32m (the furthest distance assessed here) where commercial sprayers were used. This
suggests that pesticide drift from orchards to adjacent areas would have serious implications
for biological diversity in the river borders and rivers adjacent to the estates. The sensitivity
of the non-target species to the IGRs tested needs serious consideration, as it indicates a
broader spectrum of activity for the compounds than what is promoted. Additionally, natural
control may be affected. This is because the timing of IGR applications and increasing coccinellid populations coincide, resulting in a reduced pool of coccinellid predators.
This study emphasised the importance of an appropriately heterogenous landscape to maximise
habitat availability for the coccinellids. Although the economic role of the multihabitat
coccinellid species recorded here is unknown, they nevertheless clearly contribute to citrus pest
control. Such a mosaic landscape, in conjunction with IPM, with no IGR use, promotes
ecological diversity and controls pests with minimum disruption to biodiversity. The use of
IGRs in citrus thus needs carefiil reconsideration in light of the non-target effects observed on
the two species, especially the valuable predatory species, C. nigritus.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.
36
Raggatt, L. J. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the insert negative isoform of the human calcitonin receptor regulates cell growth / by Liza-Jane Raggatt." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19739.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 141-169.xix, 170, [63] leaves, [49] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Calcitonin (CT) is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone, known to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption by direct interaction with cell surface calcitonin receptors (CTR). This study aims to define the intracellular mechanisms by which CT treatment results in decreased cellular proliferation. Results show, for the first time, that the growth regulating actions of CT are receptor isoform specific. In addition, CT inhibition of cellular proliferation occurs by arresting cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle via a p21 mediated mechanism, which is at least partially activated through the Erk1/2 Map Kinase pathway.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2000
37
Sheridan, Audrey Brooke. "Studies on honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) behavior preferences for ethanol solutions and sub-lethal effects of two insect growth regulators /." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1822.pdf.
Full text
38
Hsieh, Po-Yueh, and 謝伯岳. "Studies on the oviposition, population dynamics and the susceptibility to insect growth regulators of biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana （Shiraki）（Diptera: Ceratopogonidae）." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92375188100751558223.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中興大學
昆蟲學系所
95
The gonotrophic cycle of the blood-feeding females of Forcipomyia taiwana (Shiraki) were complete at 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, and 35℃. Egg developmental rate in the gravid female is increase with temperature rising, and the oviposition rate of gravid female is significantly high at 25℃ and 30℃. Normally, there are circadian rhythm phenomenon in the ovipositiion of gravid female under 25℃, the higher peak of eggs laid are located at 12:00 to 18:00. The oviposition of gravid female F. taiwana is effected by the temperature, light, and the food of larva, and the light factor is most important that affects the oviposition. Pyriproxyfen is the effectiveness insect growth regulator (IGR) on the susceptibility of 2nd and 4th larva of F. taiwana among the three tested IGRs, Pyriproxyfen, Flufenoxuron, and Chlorofluazuron. There are 125 village or towns in 13 counties occurs F. taiwana under the distribution investigation during August to October, 2006. A highest collected record is at the 900 meters high upper sea in Nantou area. Seasonal dynamic of the population of F. taiwana was surveyed at two countries area, Shioufeng in Lugu village and Hsiolin in Jhushan township during May, 2005 to May 2007. These investigations show the low population density of F. taiwana in winter and early Spring seasons, and the density were increasing with temperature higher, than the highest population density was located at Summer seasons, in July and August. The dynamic of F. taiwana population density were affected by climate fluctuation. By using the correlation and multiple regression analysis, the temperature, relative humidity, and raining period are the most correlation meteorological factors with population density of F. taiwana, especially two weeks before the midge collected.
39
Westerlund, Stephanie [Verfasser]. "Measuring juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid titers in insect haemolymph simultaneously by LC-MS : the basis for determining the effectiveness of plant-derived alkaloids as insect growth regulators / vorgelegt von Stephanie Westerlund." 2004. http://d-nb.info/972100164/34.
Full text
40
Chiang, Ming-Yao, and 江明耀. "Comparision of Longevity and Fecundity of Two Parasitoids of the White Peach Scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and the Toxicity of Oils and Insect Growth Regulators on the Scale and the Parasitoids." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97570734234855248041.
Full text