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1
Shea, Patrick J. "PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT COMPLEX ASSOCIATED WITH CONES OF WHITE FIR, ABIES CONCOLOR (GORD. AND GLEND.) LINDL., AND ITS IMPACT ON SEED PRODUCTION." Canadian Entomologist 121, no. 8 (1989): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent121699-8.
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AbstractWhite fir cones were sampled for insect damage from wild stands in California and Nevada during 1984–1986. Insects were recovered from cones and seed damage was partitioned by insect species. The important phytophagous insects were separated into guilds: the cone- and seed-mining guild, Dioryctria abietivorella Groté, Eucosma prob. siskiyouana (Kearfoot), Cydia prob. bracteatana (Fernald), Barbara sp.; the seed-feeding guild, Megastigmus pinus Parfitt, M. rafni Hoffmeyer, Earomyia abietum McAlpine; and the scale- and bract-feeding guild, Asynapta hopkinsi Felt, Dasineura prob. abiesemia Foote, Resseliella conicola (Foote), Strobilomyia abietis (Huckett). Total damage by insects varied by year and site, reaching a maximum of 47% in 1986 on one site and a minimum of 12.5% in 1984 on another. Abortion and incomplete development also were major factors in the production of sound seed. Populations of white fir cone and seed insects varied with cone crop but also were affected by the occurrence of cone crops on alternate hosts. During most years, the seed-mining guild insects were the major cause of seed damage.
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Ihsan, Moh, Yusran, Sitti Ramlah, Sri Ningsih, Rukmi, and Fauziah Ramadhana. "FEEDING GUILDS OF THE BIRD COMMUNITIES ON PASOSO ISLAND." Jurnal Belantara 8, no. 1 (2025): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbl.v8i1.1104.
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Food is one of the crucial factors for the survival of birds. The interaction between habitats and birds, as well as the role of birds as environmental bioindicators, can be understood through feeding guilds by examining their responses to disturbances. This study aims to analyze the feeding guilds of bird communities on Pasoso Island. The data collection method used was the strip transect method. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis based on bird species composition according to their guilds. The results of this study show that 33 bird species were found on Pasoso Island, classified into 10 types of feeding guilds. Based on the number of species, the insect-eating guild had the highest number (9 species) compared to other guild categories. The coastal invertebrate-eating guild and raptor guild had the fewest species, with only one species recorded in each. Regarding the number of individuals, the insect-eating guild dominated with 42 individuals, followed by the fruit-eating guild with 29 individuals. On average, the fewest individuals were found in the coastal invertebrate-eating and raptor guilds, with only one individual in each.
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Sedlock, Jodi L., Alexander M. Stuart, Finbarr G. Horgan, et al. "Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines." Diversity 11, no. 9 (2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090148.
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High-flying insectivorous bats, as wide-ranging generalist insectivores, are valuable consumers of high-altitude migrating pests of rice in Southeast Asia. Here, we documented the behavior of relatively low-flying bats over irrigated rice to elucidate their potential role as predators of rice-associated pest insects in the Philippines. Specifically, we tested the local-scale effects of rice stage, particularly seedling and late vegetative stages, and time of night on acoustic activity of bats foraging near ground level within three functional guilds (based on foraging distance from background clutter). We also monitored bat activity from two 50 m-high towers to assess the vertical extent of relatively low-flying guilds, as well as document high-flying bat guild presence and temporal behavior. At ground level, the most active guild biased their activity and feeding over early growth stage fields, but also foraged at tower level. Activity of the bat guild adept at foraging closest to vegetation did not vary with time of night or rice stage and was absent from tower recordings. High-flying bats were predictably rare at rice level, but exhibited high foraging intensity at 50 m. Given the well-documented, sequential arrival of insect guilds with growth stage, these data suggest that at ground level edge-space bats may be important consumers of detritivores (e.g., mosquitoes). Moreover, our data suggest that just as habitat heterogeneity enhances the services of arthropod predators, these management practices also enhance bat activity and, presumably, their contribution to pest suppression.
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Sedlock, Jodi L., Alexander M. Stuart, Finbarr G. Horgan, et al. "Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines." Diversity 11, no. 9 (2019): 148. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13429744.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) High-flying insectivorous bats, as wide-ranging generalist insectivores, are valuable consumers of high-altitude migrating pests of rice in Southeast Asia. Here, we documented the behavior of relatively low-flying bats over irrigated rice to elucidate their potential role as predators of rice-associated pest insects in the Philippines. Specifically, we tested the local-scale effects of rice stage, particularly seedling and late vegetative stages, and time of night on acoustic activity of bats foraging near ground level within three functional guilds (based on foraging distance from background clutter). We also monitored bat activity from two 50 m-high towers to assess the vertical extent of relatively low-flying guilds, as well as document high-flying bat guild presence and temporal behavior. At ground level, the most active guild biased their activity and feeding over early growth stage fields, but also foraged at tower level. Activity of the bat guild adept at foraging closest to vegetation did not vary with time of night or rice stage and was absent from tower recordings. High-flying bats were predictably rare at rice level, but exhibited high foraging intensity at 50 m. Given the well-documented, sequential arrival of insect guilds with growth stage, these data suggest that at ground level edge-space bats may be important consumers of detritivores (e.g., mosquitoes). Moreover, our data suggest that just as habitat heterogeneity enhances the services of arthropod predators, these management practices also enhance bat activity and, presumably, their contribution to pest suppression.
5
Sedlock, Jodi L., Alexander M. Stuart, Finbarr G. Horgan, et al. "Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines." Diversity 11, no. 9 (2019): 148. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13429744.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) High-flying insectivorous bats, as wide-ranging generalist insectivores, are valuable consumers of high-altitude migrating pests of rice in Southeast Asia. Here, we documented the behavior of relatively low-flying bats over irrigated rice to elucidate their potential role as predators of rice-associated pest insects in the Philippines. Specifically, we tested the local-scale effects of rice stage, particularly seedling and late vegetative stages, and time of night on acoustic activity of bats foraging near ground level within three functional guilds (based on foraging distance from background clutter). We also monitored bat activity from two 50 m-high towers to assess the vertical extent of relatively low-flying guilds, as well as document high-flying bat guild presence and temporal behavior. At ground level, the most active guild biased their activity and feeding over early growth stage fields, but also foraged at tower level. Activity of the bat guild adept at foraging closest to vegetation did not vary with time of night or rice stage and was absent from tower recordings. High-flying bats were predictably rare at rice level, but exhibited high foraging intensity at 50 m. Given the well-documented, sequential arrival of insect guilds with growth stage, these data suggest that at ground level edge-space bats may be important consumers of detritivores (e.g., mosquitoes). Moreover, our data suggest that just as habitat heterogeneity enhances the services of arthropod predators, these management practices also enhance bat activity and, presumably, their contribution to pest suppression.
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Fukumoto, Hiroshi, and Hisashi Kajimura. "Cumulative effects of mortality factors on reproductive output in two co-occurring Quercus species: which mortality factors most strongly reduce reproductive potential?" Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 9 (2005): 1151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-090.
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We examined the factors that limit the potential reproductive output by two co-occurring deciduous oaks, Quercus variabilis Blume and Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray, studied over two growing seasons. We assessed the relative importance of each factor that could affect reproductive potential during the pre-dispersal phase on the basis of both the magnitude of the reproductive loss and the variation in such losses. Five factors (abortion of pistillate flowers, abortion of acorns, predation by an immature acorn-feeding guild of insects, predation by a mature acorn-feeding guild of insects, and degeneration of acorns) reduced the reproductive potential of Q. variabilis during the pre-dispersal phase. Of these factors, insect predation by the immature acorn-feeding guild and by the mature acorn-feeding guild made the greatest contribution to the variation among plants in total reproductive losses, even though they did not always cause the largest overall reproductive losses. For Q. serrata, the same five factors plus predation by a guild of insects that feeds on pistillate flowers affected reproductive potential during the pre-dispersal phase. Of these factors, abortion of pistillate flowers was responsible for the majority of the reproductive losses and made the largest contribution to the variation among plants in overall reproductive losses.
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Adams, Maria D., Bradley S. Law, and Kris O. French. "Vegetation structure influences the vertical stratification of open- and edge-space aerial-foraging bats in harvested forests." Forest Ecology and Management 258, no. 9 (2009): 2090–100. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13470947.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Heavy logging leads to regrowth of dense forest, which may adversely affect the flight and foraging activities of bats. We compared insectivorous bat activity and insect abundance at three heights (understorey, subcanopy and canopy), two locations (forest and track) and three time periods (evening, night and dawn), in old and young regrowth sites in south-eastern Australia (456 detector-hours). We measured activity levels of all bats and four echolocation guilds—one open-space and three edge-space aerial-foraging guilds. Mean bat activity in the subcanopy and canopy was up to 11 times that in the understorey of forests, a pattern opposite to that of insect abundance. However, bat activity in the two upper strata was lower in young regrowth than in old regrowth. Vegetation was more cluttered in young regrowth at these upper heights (closer stems and less vertical space in the subcanopy). Mean activity on the track was 2–5 times higher than in the forest, particularly at understorey level (17 times higher for all bats), where vegetation was less cluttered (more distant understorey trees and shrubs, and less cover of ground vegetation). Time of night had little effect on bat activity. The negative response of bat guilds to increased clutter was strongest in the open-space guild and weakest in the edge-space guild with the highest frequency calls. There was an interaction between insect abundance and an index of vegetation openness, with high values of both variables producing high bat activity levels for all bats and the two highest frequency call guilds. Our results highlight the need for management practices in logged forests that increase or preserve the amount of flight and foraging space available to bats.
8
Adams, Maria D., Bradley S. Law, and Kris O. French. "Vegetation structure influences the vertical stratification of open- and edge-space aerial-foraging bats in harvested forests." Forest Ecology and Management 258, no. 9 (2009): 2090–100. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13470947.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Heavy logging leads to regrowth of dense forest, which may adversely affect the flight and foraging activities of bats. We compared insectivorous bat activity and insect abundance at three heights (understorey, subcanopy and canopy), two locations (forest and track) and three time periods (evening, night and dawn), in old and young regrowth sites in south-eastern Australia (456 detector-hours). We measured activity levels of all bats and four echolocation guilds—one open-space and three edge-space aerial-foraging guilds. Mean bat activity in the subcanopy and canopy was up to 11 times that in the understorey of forests, a pattern opposite to that of insect abundance. However, bat activity in the two upper strata was lower in young regrowth than in old regrowth. Vegetation was more cluttered in young regrowth at these upper heights (closer stems and less vertical space in the subcanopy). Mean activity on the track was 2–5 times higher than in the forest, particularly at understorey level (17 times higher for all bats), where vegetation was less cluttered (more distant understorey trees and shrubs, and less cover of ground vegetation). Time of night had little effect on bat activity. The negative response of bat guilds to increased clutter was strongest in the open-space guild and weakest in the edge-space guild with the highest frequency calls. There was an interaction between insect abundance and an index of vegetation openness, with high values of both variables producing high bat activity levels for all bats and the two highest frequency call guilds. Our results highlight the need for management practices in logged forests that increase or preserve the amount of flight and foraging space available to bats.
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Hauri, Kayleigh C., and Zsofia Szendrei. "A Meta-analysis of Interactions Between Insect Herbivores and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes." Environmental Entomology 51, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab131.
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Abstract Insect herbivores and plant-parasitic nematodes are global, economically devastating pests that are present in nearly every crop and natural system worldwide. Although they may be spatially separated, they indirectly interact with each other by altering both plant chemical defense and nutrition. However, the outcome of these interactions is highly variable across different focal species. We performed a meta-analysis to determine how plant and nematode traits influence insect herbivore growth and reproduction, as well as nematode abundance and reproduction. We investigated how interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes and insect herbivores influence plant biomass, carbon, and nitrogen in the roots and shoots. We found no overall effect of nematodes on insect herbivores or insect herbivores on nematodes. However, while phloem-feeding insect reproduction was not affected by nematode feeding guild or plant family, chewing insect growth increased in the presence of cyst nematodes and decreased in the presence of gall nematodes. The effect of nematodes on chewing insect herbivore growth was also affected by the focal plant family. Nematode presence did not alter plant biomass when plants were exposed to aboveground insect herbivory, but carbon and nitrogen were higher in roots and nitrogen was higher in shoots of plants with nematodes and insects compared to plants with insects alone. Our results indicate that the mechanisms driving the outcome of aboveground–belowground interactions are still unclear, but those chewing insects may have more variable responses to nematode damage than phloem-feeders.
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Convey, P., R. S. Key, and R. J. D. Key. "The establishment of a new ecological guild of pollinating insects on sub-Antarctic South Georgia." Antarctic Science 22, no. 5 (2010): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410201000057x.
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AbstractWe report the establishment of two representatives of a new ecological functional group on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia - pollinating insects - in the form of the hoverfly Eristalis croceimaculata Jacobs (Diptera, Syrphidae) and the blowfly Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Calliphoridae). The floricolous adults of these two species provide a new ecological role, pollination, in the ecosystems of this island. The activity of their respectively saprophogous or necrophagous larvae will also augment that of the native insect and microarthropod soil fauna. We discuss the potential new synergy between this functional group and that of a number of established non-native plants, reliant on insect pollinators for successful seed-set and hence dispersal, that are currently of persistent status with very limited local distributions.
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Al, Faruki Ahmed. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SPIDER DIVERSITY IN MATIA, GOALPARA DISTRICT, ASSAM, INDIA." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 3, no. 4 (2018): 369–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1403252.
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A preliminary study was conducted to document spider diversity in Matia, Goalpara District, Assam state in India. The study was conducted from January to May 2018. A total of 37 species of spiders belonging to 12 families were identified from the study area. The species were identified using keys for Indian spiders from Tikader 1987; Platnick 2011. The spiders impose natural check on insect pest populations. Methodology included active searching at all layers from ground level to tree canopy layer accessible easily for hand collecting and visual surveys. Randomly selected study sites and have taken 10 political areas and in each area"s 3 plots were selected. Amongst the families, the Araneidae was the most abundant (14 species) with orb weavers being the dominant guild type. A guild structure analysis of the spiders revealed eight feeding guilds such as Orb weavers, Ground hunters, Ambusheus, Ground runners, Stalkers, Space web builders, Branch dwellers, Foliage hunters.
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Novais, SMA, AS Alvarenga, LAD Falcão, and FS Neves. "Vertical stratification and effect of petiole and dry leaf size on arthropod feeding guilds in Cecropia pachystachya(Urticaceae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 3 (2015): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.15213.
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AbstractThis study aimed to test for vertical stratification and the effects of dry leaf size on herbivore and predator arthropods and petiole length on insect borers in Cecropia pachystachya. The leaves were sampled in three strata: attached to the plant, suspended on the vegetation and on the ground. We detected vertical stratification only in the guild of predator arthropods associated with dry leaves, with lower richness and abundance in the attached stratum. In addition, larger leaves positively affected the insect herbivore fauna, whereas the richness and abundance of insect borers increased with petiole length. The greater isolation of leaves attached to trees relative to the surrounding vegetation likely creates greater difficulty for dispersal and colonization by non-winged predators such as spiders. Larger dry leaves provide more shelter against predators and climate variations for insect herbivores. Moreover, larger petioles increase the availability of resources and nesting sites for insect borers. These results are consistent with other studies that found a similarity in the structure of feeding guilds across vertical strata and with studies that showed an increase in species richness and abundance of free-feeding insect herbivores with increasing structural complexity of their host.
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Omkar, Geetanjali Mishra, Bhupendra Kumar, Neha Singh, and Garima Pandey. "Risks associated with tandem release of large and small ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in heterospecific aphidophagous guilds." Canadian Entomologist 146, no. 1 (2013): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.56.
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AbstractMultiple interactions occurring within aphidophagous guilds determine their final predation outcomes, i.e., antagonistic, additive, or synergistic. Based on these predatory outcomes, the suitability of guilds in suppressing aphid pests is determined. The present study assesses the efficacy of 11 guilds, formed from both larval and adult stages of four locally abundant aphidophagous coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), while exploiting the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The observed antagonistic effects within these guilds are resultants of enhanced predator–predator interactions due to the size and diversity of guild predators. Smaller ladybird predators maintained their usual body mass, probably by increasing their conversion efficiencies to compensate for their reduced prey consumption. However, larger ladybirds reported loss in their body mass, owing to their higher energy needs. The overall guild conversion efficiencies and growth rates were reduced. Among the experimental guilds, the observed prey mortalities were relatively higher in two-predator guilds, and within these two-predator combinations, the higher prey mortalities were recorded in those guilds where Coccinella septempunctata was one of the predators.
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Ruiz-Santiago, Roberto Rafael, Horacio Salomón Ballina-Gómez, Esaú Ruíz-Sánchez, Laura Yesenia Solís-Ramos, and Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo. "Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Known Interactions with Plant Phytophagous Insects: A Meta-Analysis." Stresses 5, no. 2 (2025): 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/stresses5020035.
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Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) influence soil fertility, plant growth, tolerance to abiotic stress, resistance to herbivorous insects, and plant interactions with other organisms. While the effects of PGPR on plant growth, fruit yield, and induced defense responses have been extensively studied, the consistent positive outcomes have fueled rapid expansion in this research field. To evaluate PGPR impacts on plant growth and interactions with phytophagous insects, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis using publications from electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science) that reported PGPR effects on plants and insects. Effects were categorized by plant family, PGPR genus, insect feeding guild, and insect–host specialization. Our analysis revealed that PGPR generally enhanced plant growth across most plant families; however, the magnitude and direction of these effects varied significantly among PGPR genera, indicating genus-specific interactions with host plants. When assessing PGPR-mediated reductions in phytophagous insects, we found that Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Bacillus exhibited the weakest negative effects on insect populations. PGPR significantly reduced both monophagous and polyphagous insects, with the most pronounced negative impacts on sucking insects (e.g., aphids, whiteflies). This study highlights critical patterns in PGPR-mediated plant growth promotion across taxa and the related differential effects on phytophagous insect activity. These insights advance our understanding of PGPR applications in agroecological production systems, particularly for integrated pest management and sustainable crop productivity.
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Habel, Jan Christian, Elisabeth Koc, Roland Gerstmeier, Axel Gruppe, Sebastian Seibold, and Werner Ulrich. "Insect diversity across an afro-tropical forest biodiversity hotspot." Journal of Insect Conservation 25, no. 2 (2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-021-00293-z.
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Abstract Tropical forests host a remarkable proportion of global arthropod diversity. Yet, arthropod communities living in tropical forests are still poorly studied, particularly for dry forests of Eastern Africa. The aim of this study was to analyse community structures, species richness and relative abundances of insects across a heterogeneous forest consisting of various forest types. We collected insects in the lower canopies with light traps across the Arabuko Sokoke forest, part of the East African coastal forest biodiversity hotspot in southeast Kenya. Sampling was conducted across three forest types and along the forest edge. In total we collected > 250,000 individuals. We grouped these individuals into orders, and beetles into (sub)families. Representatives of the taxonomically well-known beetle families Cerambycidae, Tenebrionidae and Scolytinae were further determined to species level. We subsequently classified these groups into guilds according to their ecological requirements and life-histories. Relative abundances of arthropods strongly differed among taxonomic groups and forest types. Evenness was highest in the heterogeneous natural Brachystegia forest type. The mixed forest type and the forest edges showed intermediate degrees of evenness, while the structurally homogenous Cynometra forest showed comparatively low degrees of evenness. Implications for insect conservation We found that taxonomic and guild compositions strongly differed among the forest types. Our findings reveal that structural heterogeneity of a forest is the major driver of insect diversity, community composition, and relative abundance. Our study underlines that the preservation of all three forest types is crucial to maintain the complete diversity of arthropods across all taxonomic groups.
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Sheetal, Z. L., P. Madhuri, and K. Hemant. "Spider (Arachnida: Araneae) diversity at Godrej mangroves, Vikhroli, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India." ENTOMON 47, no. 3 (2022): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.765.
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Among the varied aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates diversity of mangrove ecosystem, spiders are considered to be an important bioindicators of ecological health. Studies on the spider diversity in the mangroves at Vikhroli, Mumbai, Maharashtra conducted resulted in the documentation of a total of 38 spider species belonging to the 33 genera under 12 families. Salticidae was found to be the dominant with 10 species from 10 genera, followed by Araneidae (9 species and 7 genera). The survey done in three mangrove zones revealed that zone II with moderate mangrove density resulted in the highest diversity (H=0.89) of spiders. Guild structure analysis revealed six different guilds. Stalkers (Salticidae and Oxyopidae) were the predominant feeding guild (34.00%). Seasonal (pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon) analysis showed more species diversity in the month of June to September.
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Deghiche-Diab, Nacima, and Tesnim Deghiche. "New records and check list of arthropods from two oasis ecosystems in Algeria." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Biologia 67, no. 1 (2022): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbiol.2022.1.05.
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An arthropod sampling survey was performed in two palm groves from the wilaya of Biskra and Ouled Djellal. During 12 months (2020) of survey, the obtained results indicated the presence of 117 taxons divided into 2 classes (Insecta =103 species and Arachnids = 11 species). The species belonged to the orders: Coleoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, and Hymenoptera. The Coleoptera order was the most represented in the two palm groves (32 from Ouled Djellal (OD) and 6 from Feliache (Fe)). The major trophic guild represented in the oasis ecosystems was the predator guild (OD= 39%, Fe=32%) in comparison to those of phytophagous (OD= 28%, Fe=12%) and pests (OD= 4%, Fe=15%). This indicates an ecological balance in the investigated oasis ecosystems between pests and their predators. The observation of two new species: Scymnus frontalis (Fabricius, 1787) and Diomus zinon (González and Honour, 2011), from the Coccinilidae Family increases the number of predator species of insect pests in the investigated oasis ecosystems.
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Broken-Brow, Julie, Kyle N. Armstrong, and Luke K. P. Leung. "The importance of grassland patches and their associated rainforest ecotones to insectivorous bats in a fire-managed tropical landscape." Wildlife Research 46, no. 8 (2019): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18012.
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Abstract ContextEcotones are recognised globally as areas of high biodiversity, yet relatively little is known about how fauna use different types of ecotone. Tropical rainforest–grassland ecotones are shaped through particular fire regimes, creating both gradual and abrupt ecotones. Insectivorous bats contribute considerably to mammalian diversity, and their capacity for flight allows them to use ecotones in a three-dimensional way, making them an informative faunal group for evaluating ecotone use. AimsTo critically evaluate how insectivorous bats use gradual and abrupt ecotones between rainforest and grassland habitats. MethodsBat detectors were placed every 50m, along 200-m transects, through five gradual and five abrupt rainforest–grassland ecotones. The activity of all insectivorous bats, as well as open, edge–open and closed foraging guilds (defined by echolocation call type), was compared among grassland and rainforest habitats, gradual and abrupt ecotones and positions across the ecotones. Key resultsMean total bat activity, mean open and edge–open foraging guild activity were significantly higher in grassland positions, followed by the edge, and were lowest in the rainforest. Closed foraging guild bats showed no preference for either habitats, but had significantly higher activity in gradual compared with abrupt ecotones. Mean activity of edge–open foraging guild bats was affected strongly by the interaction between ecotone type and position along the ecotone. Gradual ecotones had a more even proportion of all three bat foraging guilds along the ecotone compared with abrupt ecotones. Most of these findings were likely driven by the structural complexity of gradual ecotones that fulfilled microhabitat requirements for all three foraging guilds, but may also have been influenced by insect prey abundance. ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated the importance of grassland patches in a tropical, rainforest landscape, and of gradual rainforest–grassland ecotones for insectivorous bats. Gradual ecotones promote complex habitat mosaics to allow closed foraging guild species to take advantage of food resources provided by grasslands, and provide all bats proximity to potential roosting and foraging sites. ImplicationsThe data clearly suggest that a suitable fire regime should be used to maintain current grassland patches within a rainforest landscape, and to promote gradual ecotones for use by insectivorous bats.
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P. Suvarna Raju and A.J. Solomon Raju. "Polychorous Puncture Vine Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae), a potential forage source for a guild of insect pollinators during the wet season." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 5 (2023): 23279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8276.15.5.23279-23282.
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Tribulus terrestris is a herbaceous weed capable of growing throughout the year in many habitats. It is hermaphroditic, protogynous, and self-pollinating, although it is also insect-pollinated. The insects involved in pollination use their flowers as a potential forage source by displaying fidelity during the wet season when profuse flowering occurs. The functional traits relating to sexual reproduction such as autonomous selfing, insect-pollination, polychory, and C4 photosynthetic pathway are quite advantageous for the plant to grow as a successful weed in different habitats, prominently in open habitats.
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Walczyńska, A. "How does a xylem-feeder maximize its fitness?" Bulletin of Entomological Research 102, no. 6 (2012): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485312000296.
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AbstractThe current case study concerns evaluation of the life history of an insect species living in a demanding habitat, namely a xylem-feeder Aredolpona rubra (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) representing the wood-feeding guild. Growth rate, development time and body size at maturity were studied at different temperature regimes with discreteness of insect growth pattern, associated with moultings, taken into account. Moreover, the temperature effect on reproductive strategy of females was tested, and the general life history was compared with available data within the wood-feeding guild. The results show that: (i) the growth of A. rubra is slow but compensated by prolonged development; (ii) size dimorphism is probably caused by the longer development time of females; (iii) fecundity is at least partly determined by the temperature experienced during the egg-laying period; and (iv) interspecific comparisons reveal that the life strategy of a wood-feeder depends on the niche occupied within the tree, whilst its breeding strategy (whether capital or income) is controlled at a taxonomic level. Control of all the main life history traits at one time provided a unique opportunity to understand the selection pressures on A. rubra species. Moreover, comparison within a feeding guild broadens this context and identifies the sources of heterogeneity in the ‘inside-wood’ habitat. The knowledge so gathered may be applied to pest control in forestry science, as well as to the conservation of rare and endangered insect species living within trees.
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Shin, Bora, Jae-Young Lee, Nang-Hee Kim, and Sei-Woong Choi. "The relationship between resource abundance and insect herbivory on islands." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256183.
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We examined the relationship between resource abundance and the feeding activity of phytophagous insects on three common island plants. The aim was to investigate the correlation between phytophagous insects’ abundance and availability of food and island geography. We collected 30,835 leaves from three tree species groups (Mallotus japonicus, Prunus species, and Quercus species) on 18 islands in southwest Korea. The number of plant resources for herbivores varied: the number of leaves per shoot was the highest in Mallotus, leaf weight and the water content per leaf was significantly lower in Quercus species. External feeding was higher for Prunus and Quercus species, whereas the internal feeding type was significantly higher for Quercus species. Geography (area and distance), elevation and food resource (elevation, number of plant species, and the forest cover rate) had a variable effect on phytophagous insects feeding activities: distance and the number of plant species were more explainable to the external feeding guild. In contrast, area and forest cover were more to the internal feeding guild.
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White, T. C. R. "Senescence-feeders: a new trophic sub-guild of insect herbivores." Journal of Applied Entomology 139, no. 1-2 (2014): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jen.12147.
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Lalisan, Jeda A., Aimee Lynn B. Dupo, and Olga M. Nuñeza. "Diversity of spiders along an elevational gradient in Mt.Pinukis, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines." Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 7, no. 5 (2015): 190–201. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8201741.
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Spiders play vital ecological service of controlling many insect pest populations. However, there is limited information on the species richness, evenness, relative abundance, and guild structure of spiders in Mt. Pinukis, Zamboanga del Sur. Sampling was conducted for nine field days in three different elevations (low, middle, high) using beat netting, vial tapping, and pitfall trapping techniques. Ninety-nine spider species belonging to 16 families with 261 individuals were collected.<em>Leucauge decorata</em> and <em>Nephila pilipes</em>were the abundant species in the study area. Spider assemblages were analyzed using PAST software 3.0. Diversity was highest (H’=3.63) at mid-elevation and lowest (H’=3.15) at high elevation. A more or less even distribution was recorded. The spiders were found to belong to six functional groups (guilds) based on their foraging behavior in the field. The orb web was the dominant guild (59%) followed by the foliage runner (18%). Results indicate that elevation affects the abundance and species richness of spiders.The presence of 20 possibly new species in Mt. Pinukis indicatesthe need to further explore the mountain’s rich spider fauna.
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Caldwell, Janalee P. "Brazil nut fruit capsules as phytotelmata: interactions among anuran and insect larvae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 6 (1993): 1193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-163.
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Under experimental conditions, body size, and thus indirectly priority effects, determines the outcome of predator–prey interactions among the aquatic larvae of a small assemblage of anuran and insect species using a patchily distributed microcosm. This assemblage occurs naturally in fallen fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excelsa (family Lecythidaceae), in lowland tropical forest in Amazonian Brazil. Three of the species (the tadpole of a poison frog and the larvae of a giant damselfly and a culicid mosquito) are predators in the system and form a guild in which all are capable of feeding mutually on smaller individuals of the other two species. The larvae of the two insects are also cannibalistic, although the tadpole is not. Predator–prey experiments among certain pairs of these three species revealed size-related intra-guild predation. The results of these experiments and observations on naturally occurring capsules indicate that only one individual of any species per fruit capsule will survive to adulthood. Field-sampled capsules revealed low densities of guild members, with few co-occurrences among them. Whether this is due to the timing of the study in the early part of the rainy season or some other factor limiting accessibility to the fruit capsules is unknown. Although priority effects are well known among assemblages of competitors, this study reveals that potentially they can significantly affect predator-structured systems. The larva of a fourth species in the assemblage, a small bufonid toad, is detritivorous and palatable to the three predaceous species. In the presence of one of the three predaceous species, survival of the bufonid larvae depends on a rapid time to metamorphosis and on saturation of the microcosm with enough individuals in a clutch that some will survive to metamorphosis.
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Buitenhuis, R., L. Shipp, and C. Scott-Dupree. "Intra-guild vs extra-guild prey: effect on predator fitness and preference of Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 2 (2009): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309006944.
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AbstractThe relationships between the predatory mites, Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and their prey, western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), were investigated to determine the effects of predation on intra-guild or extra-guild prey and predator preference. Life history characteristics of both predatory mites were measured when fed eggs and larvae of the other predator species and compared to data obtained when the predators were fed thrips larvae. In addition, choice tests were conducted to determine if the predators had a preference for different prey or if they were indiscriminate predators. Amblyseius swirskii appears to be an important intra-guild predator of N. cucumeris juveniles because of a high predation rate and a preference for N. cucumeris juveniles over thrips. Neoseiulus cucumeris is also an intra-guild predator of A. swirskii juveniles; however, it has a lower predation rate than A. swirskii. Contrary to intra-guild predation theory, intra-guild prey was an equally good or better food source than thrips (extra-guild prey) for both predators, based on high oviposition rates and fast development times. The results of this study indicate a high potential for negative interactions between A. swirskii and N. cucumeris when used together in biological control of thrips.
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Dilling, Carla, Paris Lambdin, Jerome Grant, and Lee Buck. "Insect Guild Structure Associated with Eastern Hemlock in the Southern Appalachians." Environmental Entomology 36, no. 6 (2007): 1408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x(2007)36[1408:igsawe]2.0.co;2.
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Krüger, Oliver, and George C. McGavin. "Predator–prey ratio and guild constancy in a tropical insect community." Journal of Zoology 253, no. 2 (2001): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836901000231.
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MEYER, GRETCHEN A., and RICHARD B. ROOT. "Influence of feeding guild on insect response to host plant fertilization." Ecological Entomology 21, no. 3 (1996): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1996.tb01244.x.
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Vindstad, O. P. L., S. B. Hagen, J. U. Jepsen, L. Kapari, T. Schott, and R. A. Ims. "Phenological diversity in the interactions between winter moth (Operophtera brumata) larvae and parasitoid wasps in sub-arctic mountain birch forest." Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, no. 6 (2011): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485311000277.
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AbstractPopulation cycles of the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) in sub-arctic coastal birch forests show high spatiotemporal variation in amplitude. Peak larval densities range from levels causing little foliage damage to outbreaks causing spatially extensive defoliation. Moreover, outbreaks typically occur at or near the altitudinal treeline. It has been hypothesized that spatiotemporal variation in O. brumata cycle amplitude results from climate-induced variation in the degree of phenological matching between trophic levels, possibly between moth larvae and parasitoids. The likelihood of mismatching phenologies between larvae and parasitoids is expected to depend on how specialized parasitoids are, both as individual species and as a guild, to attacking specific larval developmental stages (i.e. instars). To investigate the larval instar-specificity of parasitoids, we studied the timing of parasitoid attacks relative to larval phenology. We employed an observational study design, with sequential sampling over the larval period, along an altitudinal gradient harbouring a pronounced treeline outbreak of O. brumata. Within the larval parasitoid guild, containing seven species groups, the timing of attack by different groups followed a successional sequence throughout the moth's larval period and each group attacked 1–2 instars. Such phenological diversity within parasitoid guilds may lower the likelihood of climate-induced trophic mismatches between victim populations and many/all of their enemies. Parasitism rates declined with increasing altitude for most parasitoid groups and for the parasitoid guild as a whole. However, the observed spatiotemporal parasitism patterns provided no clear evidence for or against altitudinal mismatch between larval and parasitoid phenology.
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Sircom, Julie, and Sandra J. Walde. "Disturbance, fish, and variation in the predatory insect guild of coastal streams." Hydrobiologia 620, no. 1 (2008): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9643-2.
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Demetrio, Guilherme Ramos, Henrique Venâncio, Janaina Correa Batista, and Jean Carlos Santos. "Silicon Effects Depend upon Insect Herbivore Guild and Has Limited Influence on Gall-Inducing Insects of Bauhinia brevipes." Plants 14, no. 2 (2025): 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14020250.
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Silicon (Si) is a widely recognized element in plant defense, often enhancing resistance to herbivory by strengthening cell walls and deterring feeding by external herbivores. However, its impact on internal, endophytic herbivores, such as gall-inducing insects, remains underexplored. This study investigates the role of silicon in Bauhinia brevipes, focusing on its effects on herbivory by insects. We hypothesize that while silicon strengthens plant tissues and reduces feeding by external herbivores, it may have a limited effect on internal feeders, such as gall-inducing insects. Our results indicate that silicon accumulation in leaves significantly reduces herbivory by chewing insects but has no direct effect on the occurrence of gall-inducing insects. Silicon content in galled tissues was lower compared to healthy leaves, suggesting that gall-inducing insects may manipulate silicon distribution to mitigate its defensive effects. Our results indicate that hypersensitivity reactions were positively influenced by silicon, highlighting the role of this element in enhancing localized defense mechanisms. Our findings reveal silicon’s tissue-specific roles in plant defense, emphasizing the need for more research on its nuanced interactions with endophytic herbivores and implications for ecological applications. This research contributes to the literature on silicon’s multifaceted role in plant–herbivore interactions and its potential applications in sustainable pest management.
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Fernandes, Tae Tanaami, Débora Rodrigues Souza-Campana, Nathalia Sampaio Silva, Otávio Morais Silva, and Maria Santina de Castro Morini. "Occurrence of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in both Leaf Litter and Twigs in Atlantic Forest." Sociobiology 67, no. 2 (2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i2.4504.
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Twigs in the litter derived from the fragmentation of tree branches form one microhabitat, where entire colonies of ants, both leaf litter and arboreal species, can be found. The objective was to survey ant species that are presente in both the leaf litter and twigs simultaneously. We describe the nest type, the social structure of the colonies and the trophic guild membership of these species. Samples were collected from 10 preserved fragments of Brazilian Atlantic forest. We used Berlese funnels to collect leaf litter ants and manual collection for twig ants. We recorded 80 ant species; 60 species were in leaf litter samples and 35 species were in twigs. Of the total species, only 15 (20%) occurred simultaneously in the leaf litter and in twigs. Of these species, Gnamptogenys striatula, Pheidole sarcina, P. sospes and Solenopsis sp. 2 were the most frequent among leaf litter dwellers, and Myrmelachista catharinae was the most common arboreal species. Most of these belonged to generalista and predator guilds, with “polydomous nests” and colonies monogynous.
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Molleman, Freerk, Urszula Walczak, Iwona Melosik, Edward Baraniak, Łukasz Piosik, and Andreas Prinzing. "What Drives Caterpillar Guilds on a Tree: Enemy Pressure, Leaf or Tree Growth, Genetic Traits, or Phylogenetic Neighbourhood?" Insects 13, no. 4 (2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13040367.
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Communities of herbivorous insects on individual host trees may be driven by processes ranging from ongoing development via recent microevolution to ancient phylogeny, but the relative importance of these processes and whether they operate via trophic interactions or herbivore movement remains unknown. We determined the leaf phenology, trunk diameter, genotype, and neighbourhood of sessile oak trees (Quercus petraea), and sampled their caterpillar communities. We found that leaf development across a time period of days related to free-living caterpillars, which disappeared with leaf age. Tree growth across decades is related to increased parasitism rate and diversity of herbivores. The microevolution of oak trees across millennia is related to the abundance of leaf-mining casebearers, which is higher on more homozygous oaks. However, oak genome size was not important for any guild. In contrast to most previous studies, the phylogenetic distance of oaks from their neighbours measured in millions of years was associated with higher abundances of entire caterpillar guilds. Furthermore, on trees surrounded by only distantly related tree species, parasitism tended to be lower. Lower parasitism, in turn, was associated with higher abundances of codominant caterpillar species. Neighbourhoods and traits of trees were also related to community composition and diversity, but not to the average wingspans or specialization of species, consistent with the assembly of herbivore communities being driven by leaf traits and parasitism pressure on trees rather than by insect movement among trees. However, movement in rarer species may be responsible for concentration effects in more phylogenetically distant neighbourhoods. Overall, we suggest that the assembly of insects on a tree is mostly driven by trophic interactions controlled by a mosaic of processes playing out over very different time scales. Comparisons with the literature further suggest that, for oak trees, the consequences of growing amongst distantly related tree species may depend on factors such as geographic region and tree age.
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Putri, M. M., and R. T. Kwatrina. "Potential roles of birds diversity in optimizing sustainable oil palm plantations at PT Gunung Tua Abadi." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1243, no. 1 (2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1243/1/012008.
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Abstract Indonesia has declared the green economy paradigm; as one of the strategic sectors in implementing the green economy, oil palm plantations are expected to start reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, fungicides, pesticides and etc. Additionally, oil palm plantations are expected to be able to optimize the roles of biodiversity in oil palm plantations. So, it will enhance sustainable and environmentally friendly plantation management. Therefore, there is a need for further studies on the species potential and role of birds in oil palm plantations. The study was conducted on four types of land cover at PT Gunung Tua Abadi (PT GTA) with a line transect method in the morning and afternoon with three repetitions. The number of bird species in the Young Oil Palm (YP) is as many as 20. Meanwhile, the lowest number of species was found in Medium Oil Palm (MP) and Old Oil Palm (OP), as many as 10 species. In addition, if grouped by a guild, the birds in PT GTA belong to 8 guilds. Each type of guild is thought to have its role to assist in oil palm operations, including the role of controlling insect pests (Centropus sinensis, Centropus bengalensis, Collocalia linchi); seed dispersal (Trerons vernans), and also as pest control (Tyto alba, Elanus caeruleus). Further research is needed to determine more deeply the effectiveness of the role of each bird species in oil palm plantation.
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Roques, Alain, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, and Solen Boivin. "A lack of native congeners may limit colonization of introduced conifers by indigenous insects in Europe." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 2 (2006): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-277.
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We compared the recruitment of phytophagous arthropod pests onto exotic conifers introduced in Europe without any congeners with that of exotic conifers that have native congeners. In 130 years of extensive plantation forestry in Europe, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) recruited only 87 arthropod species, i.e., only 33.9% of the number of associated arthropod species in its native range (257 spp.). Exotic species of Cupressaceae without indigenous congeners also recruited only a portion (3.4% to 57.9%) of the arthropod fauna observed in their native range. In both cases, the majority of the recruited species were polyphagous, i.e., that they can feed on plants of different families of conifers and (or) angiosperms. In contrast, exotic conifers with native congeners recruited most of the insects colonizing the native congeneric conifers. Differences in arthropod recruitment were observed according to both guild and feeding habit, with the externally feeding herbivores being dominant. Typically, the damage caused by native insects that had been recruited by exotic conifers without congeners was limited, whereas the damage caused by native insects that had been recruited by exotic conifers with congeners often led to severe outbreaks at the time the shift between hosts occurred. However, when a highly specialized exotic insect was introduced along with the host, the invasive insect tended to occupy the entire niche, causing more damage than in the original range, in the absence of natural enemies and indigenous competitors.
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Lohman, David J., Qing Liao, and Naomi E. Pierce. "Convergence of chemical mimicry in a guild of aphid predators." Ecological Entomology 31, no. 1 (2006): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6946.2006.00758.x.
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Finke, Deborah L., and Robert F. Denno. "Intra-guild predation relaxes natural enemy impacts on herbivore populations." Ecological Entomology 28, no. 1 (2003): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.2003.00475.x.
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Momen, F., H. Hussein, and A. Reda. "Intra-guild vs extra-guild prey: Effect on development, predation and preference ofTyphlodromus negeviSwirski and Amitai andTyphlodromips swirskii(Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 48, no. 1 (2013): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aphyt.48.2013.1.9.
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Abdullah, Nur-Athirah, Siti Nur Fatehah Radzi, Lailatul-Nadhirah Asri, et al. "Insect community in riparian zones of Sungai Sepetang, Sungai Rembau and Sungai Chukai of Peninsular Malaysia." Biodiversity Data Journal 7 (September 18, 2019): e35679. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e35679.
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Riparian areas hold vast number of flora and fauna with exceptional contributions to the ecosystem. A study was conducted in Sungai Sepetang, Sungai Rembau and Sungai Chukai to identify the insect community in a riparian zone of Peninsular Malaysia. Sampling was conducted in six consecutive months from December 2017 to May 2018 during both day and night using sweep nets. Twenty sampling stations (S1-S20) had been assembled along the riverbanks with an average distance of 200 m between each station. The 17,530 collected insects were from 11 orders and consisted of Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Blattodea, Thysanoptera, Mantodea and Odonata. The three most abundant orders were Diptera (33.84%; 5933 individuals), Coleoptera (28.82%; 5053 individuals) and Hemiptera (25.62%: 4491 individuals). The collected insect community consisted of different guilds such as the scavenger, predator, herbivore, pollinator and parasitoid. Sungai Sepetang and Sungai Rembau were dominated by mangrove flora, <i>Sonneratia caseolaris</i> (Myrtales: Lythraceae), while Sungai Chukai was dominated by <i>Barringtonia racemosa</i>. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the composition of insects between the three rivers though clustering analysis showed that the insect communities in Sungai Sepetang and Sungai Rembau were 100% similar compared to Sungai Chukai which consisted of a totally different community. There is a significant negative correlation between abundance of insects with salinity and wind speed at Sungai Chukai and Sungai Sepetang.
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Silva, Edison Fernandes da, Francinaldo Soares Silva, Luana Nascimento Silva, and Charlyan de Sousa Lima. "Spatio-temporal variation of insects with immature phase in the soil of Cerrado Northeast of Brazil." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 12, no. 6 (2021): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2021.006.0003.
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Holometabolous insects use multiple substrates for ovipositon, laying their eggs on fruits, seeds, and animal tissues, with many species deposit them directly on the soil. The study aimed to identify the families of winged insects with an immature phase in the soil and to verify the effect of climatic seasonality in this insect guild in different conditions of soil cover in a cerrado area in Northern Brazil. The adult insects were sampled at four sites: I - capoeira forest with litter, II - capoeira forest without litter, III - gallery forest with litter, and IV - gallery forest with litter. In each sample site was installed 6 emergency traps, equidistant 5 m from each other. The traps remained in the field for 20 months, occupying five different points in the 150 m transections plotted at each sampling site. The collect of newly emerged adult insects was carried out weekly, using a suction tube, and identified in family level. The soils of the sampling sites were characterized chemically and physically, as well as the climatic factors (humidity and temperature). In this study, a large number of families of insects with immature phase were sampled in soils of a region that makes up three larges Brazilian biomes: Cerrado, Caatinga, and Amazon. The number of insect families sampled was affected by climatic seasonality but was not affected by spatial variation. The diversity rates recorded in this study were high, with the highest values recorded in the sampling sites where the litter layer was preserved, evidencing the role of litter and soil organic matter in preserving and maintaining the biological diversity of the soil.
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Rebouças, Patricia Oliveira, Cândida Aguiar, Vinina Ferreira, Geni Sodré, Carlos Carvalho, and Miriam Gimenes. "The Cavity-Nesting Bee Guild (Apoidea) in a Neotropical Sandy Coastal Plain." Sociobiology 65, no. 4 (2018): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i4.3339.
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Some solitary bees establish their nests in preexisting cavities. Such nesting behavior facilitates the investigation of their life history, as well as the monitoring of their populations in natural, semi-natural and cropped habitats. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of artificial substrates by cavity-nesting bees in a heterogeneous landscape. We investigated the percentage of occupation of the different trap-nests, the monthly fluctuations in the nesting activity, offspring sex ratio, mortality and parasitism, in two phytophysiognomies: herbaceous-shrub restinga (site 1) and arboreal restinga (site 2). We used as trap-nests, bamboo canes, large and small straws of cardboard inserted into solid wooden blocks. Five bee species established 193 nests, from which 386 adults emerged. Centris tarsata Smith was the most abundant species. Large straws were signifi cantly more occupied than small straws (χ² = 19.951; df = 1; p < 0.0001). Offspring mortality rate for unknown reasons was signifi cant diff erent between sites, 11% (site 1) and 20% (site 2) (χ² = 4.203; df = 1; p = 0.04). The cavity-nesting bee guild had similar composition in both phytophysiognomies, there was a similar rate of occupation of trap-nests in both sites, as well as dominance of C. tarsata nests. Offspring mortality and parasites attack rates seem to be the more distinctive aspects between the herbaceous shrub and arboreal restinga sampled. Our study indicated that remnant fragments of coastal native habitats may be important nesting sites for the maintenance of bee populations, some of which have been indicated as candidates for management as pollinators of cultivated plants in Brazil.
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Costamagna, Alejandro C. "Trophic and Guild Interactions in Biological Control." Environmental Entomology 38, no. 4 (2009): 1343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0446.
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Oliveira, Jefferson Bruno Bretas Souza, Bárbara Albuquerque Pereira, Aline Sousa Silva, Isaque Clementino Bezerra, and Walter Santos de Araújo. "Effects of vegetation structure and edge proximity on insect distribution in an arboreal Caatinga area in Brazil." Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress 5, no. 3 (2020): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24221/jeap.5.3.2020.3021.329-336.
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Caatinga is a very important and neglected dry tropical forest biome of Brazil. Recent evidence indicates that anthropogenic threats to Caatinga have grown in recent years, and there are still gaps in the knowledge of how these effects alter biodiversity. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of vegetation structure and edge proximity on the distribution of bioindicator insects (galling insects and ants) in an arboreal Caatinga area under the influence of a monoculture in Brazil. We recorded a total of 10 species and 2,131 specimens of ants and 11 species and 29 individuals of galling insects. Species richness, abundance, and composition of galling insects and ants did not differ between edge and interior plots of the forest. Ant diversity was also not affected by the structural parameters of vegetation (plant abundance, vegetation cover, and vegetation height). On the other hand, the plant abundance positively influenced the richness and the abundance of galling insects in the plots. Our findings suggest that the distribution of ants and galling insects in Caatinga forest edge and interior environments did not differs likely due the opening of the canopy gives the arboreal Caatinga relatively homogeneous climatic characteristics throughout the forest. Already the structure of vegetation positively influences galling insects due to the high degree of dependence that endophagous life-form generates on these insects. Our results show that despite similar responses to the edge effect, ants and galling insects respond differently to vegetation structure, indicating that the structuring of these insect communities is guild-dependent.
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Denarié, Marie-Emma, Uffe N. Nielsen, Susan E. Hartley, and Scott N. Johnson. "Silicon-Mediated Interactions Between Plant Antagonists." Plants 14, no. 8 (2025): 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14081204.
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The prolonged arms race between plants and their antagonists has resulted in the evolution of multiple plant defence mechanisms to combat attacks by pests and pathogens. Silicon (Si) accumulation occurs mainly in grasses and provides a physical barrier against antagonists. Biochemical pathways may also be involved in Si-mediated plant resistance, although the precise mode of action in this case is less clear. Most studies have focussed on Si-based effects against single attackers. In this review, we consider how Si-based plant resistance operates when simultaneously and/or sequentially attacked by insect herbivores, fungal phytopathogens, and plant parasitic nematodes and how the plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) are involved. Si defence may mediate both intra- and interspecific competition and facilitation. Si has been found to impact plant-mediated interactions between insect herbivores within the same feeding guild and across different feeding guilds, with varying patterns of JA and SA. These results suggest that hormonal crosstalk may play a role in the Si-mediated effects, although this finding varied between studies. While some reports support the notion that JA is linked to Si responses, others indicate that Si supplementation reduces JA production. In terms of phytopathogens, SA has not been found to be involved in Si-mediated defences. Improving our understanding of Si-mediated plant defence could be beneficial for sustainable agriculture under future climates.
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Bezemer, T. Martijn, and T. Hefin Jones. "Plant-Insect Herbivore Interactions in Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 : Quantitative Analyses and Guild Effects." Oikos 82, no. 2 (1998): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3546961.
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Peeters, Paula J., Jennifer Read, and Gordon D. Sanson. "Variation in the guild composition of herbivorous insect assemblages among co-occurring plant species." Austral Ecology 26, no. 4 (2001): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01123.x.
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Macedo-Reis, Luiz Eduardo, Mauricio Quesada, and Frederico de Siqueira Neves. "Forest cover drives insect guild diversity at different landscape scales in tropical dry forests." Forest Ecology and Management 443 (July 2019): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.04.007.
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Hanhimäki, Sinikka. "Induced resistance in mountain birch: defence against leaf-chewing insect guild and herbivore competition." Oecologia 81, no. 2 (1989): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00379811.
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Voss, Robert S., David W. Fleck, Richard E. Strauss, Paúl M. Velazco, and Nancy B. Simmons. "Roosting Ecology of Amazonian Bats: Evidence for Guild Structure in Hyperdiverse Mammalian Communities." American Museum Novitates 3870, no. 3870 (2016): 1–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522928.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The ecological mechanisms that sustain high species richness in Neotropical bat communities have attracted research attention for several decades. Although many ecologists have studied the feeding behavior and diets of Neotropical bats on the assumption that food is a limiting resource, other resource axes that might be important for species coexistence are often ignored. Diurnal refugia, in particular, are a crucial resource for bats, many of which exhibit conspicuous morphological or behavioral adaptations to the roost environment. Here we report and analyze information about roost occupancy based on >500 field observations of Amazonian bats. Statistical analyses of these data suggest the existence of distinct groups of species roosting (1) in foliage, (2) exposed on the trunks of standing trees, (3) in cavities in standing trees, (4) in or under fallen trees, (5) beneath undercut earth banks, and (6) in arboreal insect nests; additionally, we recognize other groups that roost (7) in animal burrows, and (8) in rocks or caves. Roosting-guild membership is hypothesized to have a filtering effect on Amazonian bat community composition because some types of roosts are absent or uncommon in certain habitats. Among other applications of our results, cross-classifying bat species by trophic and roosting guilds suggests that the often-reported deficit of gleaning animalivores in secondary vegetation by comparison with primary forest might reflect habitat differences in roost availability rather than food resources. In general, ecological and evolutionary studies of Neotropical bats would be enhanced by considering both trophic- and roosting-guild membership in future analyses, but additional fieldwork will be required to determine the roosting behavior of many data-deficient species.
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Voss, Robert S., David W. Fleck, Richard E. Strauss, Paúl M. Velazco, and Nancy B. Simmons. "Roosting Ecology of Amazonian Bats: Evidence for Guild Structure in Hyperdiverse Mammalian Communities." American Museum Novitates 3870, no. 3870 (2016): 1–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522928.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The ecological mechanisms that sustain high species richness in Neotropical bat communities have attracted research attention for several decades. Although many ecologists have studied the feeding behavior and diets of Neotropical bats on the assumption that food is a limiting resource, other resource axes that might be important for species coexistence are often ignored. Diurnal refugia, in particular, are a crucial resource for bats, many of which exhibit conspicuous morphological or behavioral adaptations to the roost environment. Here we report and analyze information about roost occupancy based on >500 field observations of Amazonian bats. Statistical analyses of these data suggest the existence of distinct groups of species roosting (1) in foliage, (2) exposed on the trunks of standing trees, (3) in cavities in standing trees, (4) in or under fallen trees, (5) beneath undercut earth banks, and (6) in arboreal insect nests; additionally, we recognize other groups that roost (7) in animal burrows, and (8) in rocks or caves. Roosting-guild membership is hypothesized to have a filtering effect on Amazonian bat community composition because some types of roosts are absent or uncommon in certain habitats. Among other applications of our results, cross-classifying bat species by trophic and roosting guilds suggests that the often-reported deficit of gleaning animalivores in secondary vegetation by comparison with primary forest might reflect habitat differences in roost availability rather than food resources. In general, ecological and evolutionary studies of Neotropical bats would be enhanced by considering both trophic- and roosting-guild membership in future analyses, but additional fieldwork will be required to determine the roosting behavior of many data-deficient species.