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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Insect population distribution

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Academic literature on the topic 'Insect population distribution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Insect population distribution"

1

Quisenberry, S. S., D. J. Schotzko, P. F. Lamb, and F. L. Young. "Insect Distribution in a Spring Pea-Winter Wheat-Spring Barley Crop Rotation System." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 3 (2000): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.3.327.

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The effects of tillage method (conventional or conservative) and weed management level (recommended or minimum) on insect distribution in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation were studied. Aphids were the major insect species on winter wheat and spring barley, but were not of economic importance. Beneficial species impacted aphid population levels by maintaining their numbers below economic thresholds. Tillage method and weed management level had limited impact on aphid and beneficial insect populations. Pea leaf weevil (Sitonia linea

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Loxdale, Hugh D., and Gugs Lushai. "Slaves of the environment: the movement of herbivorous insects in relation to their ecology and genotype." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1388 (1999): 1479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0492.

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The majority of insect species do not show an innate behavioural migration, but rather populations expand into favourable new habitats or contract away from unfavourable ones by random changes of spatial scale. Over the past 50 years, the scientific fascination with dramatic long–distance and directed mass migratory events has overshadowed the more universal mode of population movement, involving much smaller stochastic displacement during the lifetime of the insects concerned. This may be limiting our understanding of insect population dynamics. In the following synthesis, we provide an overv

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Ni'am, Alfira Khullatun, Ari Hayati, and Hasan Zayadi. "Distribusi Temporal Populasi Serangga pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa) di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Benih Palawija Singosari Malang." BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 5, no. 2 (2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v5i2.226.

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The rice plant (Oryza sativa.) is an important food crop which is a staple food for more than half of the world's population because it contains nutrients that the body needs. Rice production in East Java in 2011 experienced a significant decline in production i.e. 9.2% and declined again in 2013 (1.2%) with an average productivity (5.9) 1. Problems in agriculture are inseparable from the role of insects as pests. Decrease in production can occur due to insect pests. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of insects on rice fields, to find out the number of insects found based on

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Sahota, T. S., and F. G. Peet. "COMPUTER-ASSISTED MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF CHROMATIN DISTRIBUTION FOR DETERMINING QUALITY DIFFERENCES AMONG BARK BEETLE (SCOLYTIDAE) POPULATIONS." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120, S146 (1988): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm120146171-1.

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AbstractDigital image processing was used to analyse chromatin distribution patterns of fat body nuclei of five populations of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins taken from standing (UST) trees, stressed standing (SST) trees and downed (DT) trees. At the population level, chromatin distribution patterns of DT beetles were closely grouped, whereas those from the other beetles were not. Individual nuclei from the DT and UST populations could be correctly assigned to their groups with great accuracy (96% and 90%, respectively), but only 65% of the individual nuclei from the SST population could be

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Sergeev, Michael G. "Distribution Patterns of Grasshoppers and Their Kin over the Eurasian Steppes." Insects 12, no. 1 (2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12010077.

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The main aims of this paper are to reveal general patterns of Orthoptera distribution in the Eurasian steppes, to evaluate long-term trends of changes in distribution of taxa and populations, and to estimate the potential for population changes relative to human activity and global warming trends. The main publications concerning diversity and distribution of these insects over the steppes are analyzed. The fauna of the Eurasian steppes includes more than 440 species of Orthoptera. The general distribution of grasshoppers and their kin in the Eurasian steppes reflects their common associations

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Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed A., Adgaba Nuru, Mohammed S. Khanbash, and Deborah R. Smith. "Geographical distribution and population variation of Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner." Journal of Apicultural Research 52, no. 3 (2013): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3896/ibra.1.52.3.03.

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Sickle, J. Van. "Invalid estimates of rate of population increase from Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae) age distributions." Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, no. 1 (1988): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300016175.

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AbstractSeveral published reports have presented estimates of the rate of increase, r, based on sampled ovarian age distributions from Glossina populations throughout Africa. These estimates are invalid, because an age distribution sampled at one point in time can be equated to a survivorship curve only if r = 0. When such a survivorship curve and a corresponding fecundity schedule are then used to estimate r via the Euler-Lotka equation, the result is a value of r near zero, regardless of the population's true rate of increase. Synthetic sampling from a hypothetical tsetse population confirme

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Wilke, André Barretto Bruno, and Mauro Toledo Marrelli. "Genetic Control of Mosquitoes: population suppression strategies." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 54, no. 5 (2012): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652012000500009.

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Over the last two decades, morbidity and mortality from malaria and dengue fever among other pathogens are an increasing Public Health problem. The increase in the geographic distribution of vectors is accompanied by the emergence of viruses and diseases in new areas. There are insufficient specific therapeutic drugs available and there are no reliable vaccines for malaria or dengue, although some progress has been achieved, there is still a long way between its development and actual field use. Most mosquito control measures have failed to achieve their goals, mostly because of the mosquito's

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Meléndez, María Raquel, and William Patricio Ponce. "Pollination in the oil palms Elaeis guineensis, E. oleifera and their hybrids (OxG), in tropical America." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 46, no. 1 (2016): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4638196.

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ABSTRACT Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is very important in the Central and South American economies. Plants suffer from a devastating fungal disease known as "lethal decay" or "pudrición del cogollo", in Spanish. Producer countries in Africa, Asia and tropical America have developed breeding programs that seek the tolerance of this disease by plants. The hybrids Elaeis guineensis x Elaeis oleifera (OxG) are resistant, but show physiological problems that affect commercial productivity. Natural pollination in these hybrids is low and manual pollination has high labor costs. The Coleoptera order

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Doak, Patricia. "HABITAT PATCHINESS AND THE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF AN INSECT HERBIVORE." Ecology 81, no. 7 (2000): 1842–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1842:hpatda]2.0.co;2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Insect population distribution"

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Gaston, K. J. "Patterns in the dynamics and distribution of insect populations." Thesis, University of York, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235013.

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Sara, Stacey A. "The spatial distribution of Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica, in soybean fields /." View online, 2010. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131575445.pdf.

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Morton, A. C. G. "The population biology of an insect with a restricted distribution : Cupido minimus Fuessly (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355653.

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Hannunen, Salla. "Trivial movements and redistribution of polyphagous insect herbivores in heterogeneous vegetation /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Entomology, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a376.pdf.

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Higgins, Charlene J. "Spatial distribution and reproductive biology of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29873.

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Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), are haplodiploids. Virgin females produce sons parthenogenetically but must be mated to produce daughters. As a result, primary and secondary (adult) sex ratios can diverge from the 1:1 ratio commonly observed in diploid systems. Field studies were conducted to examine the spatial distribution of WFT on two greenhouse crops, Bell peppers, Capsicum annuum (Linn.) and Long English cucumbers, Cucumis sativus (Linn.) to determine if there was a correlation between sex ratio and density. Leaf and flower samples were taken weekly. A

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Burban, Christian. "Structuration des populations chez un insecte polyphage : "Bemisia tabaci" (Genn.) (Homoptera - Aleyrodidae)." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20211.

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Bemisia tabaci (genn. ) (homoptera: aleyrodidae) est un insecte ravageur et vecteur de nombreuses maladies virales de plantes, repandu dans les zones tropicales et subtropicales de tous les continents. Cette etude, realisee en cote d'ivoire, s'interesse a la structuration des populations de b. Tabaci en fonction des plantes hotes. Les plantes hotes de b. Tabaci sont recensees et leur importance est evaluee en relation avec le nombre d'insectes qui s'y developpe. L'organisation des populations de b. Tabaci est etudiee par des experiences de transferts d'hotes en conditions controlees et par la

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Palumbo, John, Clayton Jr Mullis, Francisco Reyes, Andreas Amaya, Luis Ledesma, and Lisa Cary. "Population Dynamics and Distribution of Aphid Species on Head Lettuce in the Yuma Valley." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220015.

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Studies were conducted in the 1999/2000 growing season to examine the population dynamics and field distribution of aphid species on winter and spring head lettuce crops. Seven, 0.25 acre planting of head lettuce were established beginning in October with final harvest occurring in April. Plant samples were conducted weekly to estimate the numbers of both alate (winged) and apterous (wingless) green peach aphids, potato aphids, cowpea aphids and lettuce aphids. Lettuce aphids were more abundant this spring than anticipated, which may indicate that lettuce aphid may be a new pest for Yuma growe

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Chapkowski, Andrew J. "Geographical distribution of pediobius foveolatus in New Jersey soybean fields to control the Mexican bean beetle population." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2008. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/ChapkowskiAndrew/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2008.<br>The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on July 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Semeao, Altair Arlindo. "Spatial distribution, dispersal behavior and population structure of Tribolium castaneum herbst (Coleoptera: tenebrionidae)." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7135.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Entomology<br>James F. Campbell<br>Phillip E. Sloderbeck<br>Robert "Jeff" J. Whitworth<br>Knowledge of factors influencing the establishment, persistence and distribution of stored-product pests aids the development of effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs in food storage and processing facilities. This research focused primarily on Tribolium castaneum, which is one of the most important pests of mills. Populations of T. castaneum from different food facilities can potentially be interconnected by either their own dispersal behavior or by h

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Ribodeau, Michel. "Structuration génétique et spatiale des populations de Bruchus affinis, Frölich (Coleoptera Bruchidae), insecte inféodé à une légumineuse à distribution morcelée, Lathyrus sylvestris L." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3014.

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Bruchus affinis Frolich (coleoptera bruchidae) est un coléoptère seminivore univoltin dont les larves se développent au détriment des graines en croissance de trois espèces de légumineuses à distribution morcelée, Lathyrus sylvestris, L. Latifolius et L. Tuberosus. Dès leur émergence les adultes quittent les stations de la plante hôte et gagnent des sites d'hivernation pour une période de diapause reproductive. La reproduction a lieu après le retour des insectes sur les stations de la plante hôte à partir du mois de juin. Une espèce non hôte (elle ne permet pas le développement larvaire), L. P

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Books on the topic "Insect population distribution"

1

Vale, G. A. Responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to vegetation in Zimbabwe: Implications for population distribution and bait siting. CABI Pub., 1998.

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Coll, Marian T. The Carabid Fauna (Coleoptera:Carabidae) of Irish Woodlands and Adjacent Habitats. University College Dublin, 1998.

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V, Stebaev I., ed. Zakonomernosti rasprostranenii͡a︡ pri͡a︡mokrylykh nasekomykh Severnoĭ Azii. Izd-vo "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1986.

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Pellow, Kevin. Mountain pine beetle survey in the Peace Region of British Columbia and adjacent areas in Alberta. Pacific Forestry Centre, 2011.

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Summerville, Keith Scott. Inventory, monitoring, and conservation of insects by the Nature Conservancy, Michigan chapter. 1998.

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Rees, David. Insects of Stored Grain. CSIRO Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094673.

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A pocket reference that allows the non-specialist to identify major insect and arachnid pests found in stored cereal grains, grain products and grain legumes. It describes most storage pests found worldwide and provides concise information on the biology, distribution, damage and economic importance of each species.  Each entry contains at least one colour photograph. The notes for each species tell the nature of the pest or beneficial and the commodity affected; temperature and humidity conditions at which the species can survive; optimum conditions at which eggs take the shortest time

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Rentz, David, and You Ning Su. Guide to Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486305070.

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Cricket song is a sound of the Australian bush. Even in cities, the rasping calls signify Australia’s remarkable cricket biodiversity. Crickets are notable for a variety of reasons. When their population booms, some of these species become agricultural pests and destroy crop pastures. Some introduced species are of biosecurity concern. Other crickets are important food sources for native birds, reptiles and mammals, as well as domestic pets. Soon you might even put them in your cake or stir-fry, as there is a rapidly growing industry for cricket products for human consumption. Featuring

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Common, IFB. Moths of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101227.

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This is the first comprehensive, reliable, well-illustrated book covering the enormous diversity of Australian moths, summarising our knowledge of them by the acknowledged experts in the field. The text includes nomenclature and a wealth of information on distribution, larval food plants, and the fascinating behaviour of these often colourful insects. There are authoritative accounts of moth structure, their life history, biology, population control, economic significance, evolution and geographical distribution. Additional features include a section on collecting and studying moths, a g

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Dangerfield, Paul, Andrew Austin, and Graeme Baker. Biology, Ecology and Systematics of Australian Scelio. CSIRO Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100763.

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Parasitic wasps of the genus Scelio play an important role in the regulation of orthopteran populations and are implicated in suppressing numbers of numerous pest locusts and grasshoppers. This landmark volume provides a full taxonomic treatment of the sixty species of Scelio found on the Australian continent and reviews in detail the biology and ecology and host relationships of Scelio on a worldwide basis. Taking an international perspective, the text outlines our current knowledge on topics such as host finding, population biology, and methods and techniques for collection and study i

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Elton, Charles S. The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. University Of Chicago Press, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Insect population distribution"

1

Gates, Charles E. "Discrete, A Computer Program for Fitting Discrete Frequency Distributions." In Estimation and Analysis of Insect Populations. Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3664-1_33.

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Price, Peter W. "Plant Resources as the Mechanistic Basis for Insect Herbivore Population Dynamics." In Effects of Resource Distribution on Animal–Plant Interactions. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-091881-5.50009-8.

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Werner, Richard A., and Kenneth F. Raffa. "Dynamics of Phytophagous Insects and Their Pathogens in Alaskan Boreal Forests." In Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0014.

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Boreal forests support an array of insects, including phytophagous (plant-eating) insects, saprophagous (detritus-eating) insects, and their associated parasites, predators, and symbionts. The phytophagous species include folivorous leaf chewers and miners, phloeophagous cambial and sapwood borers, stem gallers, and root feeders. Biological diversity and distribution of insect species exhibit predictable patterns among vegetation types (Werner 1994a). In this chapter, we discuss how phytophagous species of insects differ among plant communities and how various populations of insects react to disturbances that alter forest stand composition and density. The distribution of insects differs among plant communities depending on the ecosystem type and plant height (Table 9.1; Werner 1983, 1994a). Grasses, mosses, small tree seedlings, and other herbaceous plants located on the forest floor have the highest arthropod densities. Shrubs have the lowest densities, and trees are intermediate. The herbaceous layer is inhabited primarily by scavengers, predators, and saprophages but has few defoliators (Werner 1983). Taller shrubs contain more species of phytophagous insects than do herbs, but trees have the most species of phytophagous insects, parasites, and predators (Werner 1981, 1983). Few saprophages and scavengers (carabid beetles), however, occur on shrubs and trees (Werner 1986a). Associations of plants and phytophagous insects in boreal ecosystems are similar to temperate assemblages in that insect species differ in the range of food plants that they utilize (Bernays and Minkenberg 1997, Futuyma et al. 1993, Thorsteinson 1960). Because of low plant diversity, however, many boreal phytophagous insects feed on several species of plants (Werner 1981). For example, the spear-marked black moth, Rheumaptera hastata (L.), feeds primarily on paper birch, but during periods of high populations it also feeds on alder, willow, and rose species but not on poplar (Werner 1977, 1979). When population outbreaks of phytophagous insects deplete their preferred host plants, less desirable species are sometimes consumed or starvation occurs (Werner 1981, 1986a). The biomass of phytophagous insects is greater on broad-leafed than on conifer trees (Werner 1983). Species of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera are common on broad-leafed trees, whereas only a few taxa of Homoptera, Hymenopera, and Lepidoptera are associated with conifers such as spruce or larch (Table 9.2; Werner 1983, 1994a).

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Tanhuanpää, Miia, and Kai Ruohomäki. "Population Cycles of the Autumnal Moth in Fennoscandia." In Population Cycles. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140989.003.0012.

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Most species of insect herbivores are restricted to low densities, but some display large-scale density fluctuations, including periodic outbreaks (Faeth 1987, Mason 1987, Hanski 1990, Hunter 1995). The tendency to reach high densities has been related to certain life history traits (Hunter 1991, 1995, Tammaru and Haukioja 1996). However, all populations of a given outbreaking species do not necessarily display high densities. In those cases, outbreaks are frequently more pronounced in populations in physically severe and marginal habitats (Wallner 1987, Myers and Rothman 1995). The autumnal moth, Epirrita autumnata (Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is an example of a species with both outbreaking and nonoutbreaking populations. In mountain birch [Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti] forests of northern and mountainous Fennoscandia (hereafter northern populations), E. autumnata displays fluctuations with a statistically significant periodicity of 9-10 years (Tenow 1972, Haukioja et al. 1988, Bylund 1995). During outbreaks, forests may be totally defoliated and trees may even die over large areas (Tenow 1972, Lehtonen and Heikkinen 1995). In more southern parts of the species' Holarctic distribution (hereafter southern populations), outbreaks are absent and populations remain at low densities. Cycles of northern E. autumnata populations vary in their amplitude (Tenow 1972). Outbreak densities that produce conspicuous defoliation are typically reached in only some areas, and often in different areas during successive peaks (Tenow and Bylund 1989). Empirical data indicate a fairly regular pattern of fluctuations, that is synchronous on a regional scale, also in populations with moderate or low peak densities (Bylund 1997). Thus, there are two main questions regarding population regulation of northern and mountainous E. autumnata—what causes the cycles, and what causes spatial variations in outbreak severity? In southern populations, the main question is what prevents outbreaks? Larvae of E. autumnata hatch early in spring at the time of birch bud break. Birches (Betula spp.) are the main host plants, although larvae are able to feed on many deciduous trees and shrubs (Seppänen 1970).

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Crist, Thomas O. "Insect Populations, Community Interactions, and Ecosystem Processes in the Shortgrass Steppe." In Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0014.

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Insects are diverse, abundant, and have numerous roles in rangeland ecosystems. More than 1600 species representing 238 families of insects have been recorded in the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado (Kumar et al., 1976). Of this large assemblage, a much smaller subset—perhaps fewer than 50 species—is highly abundant with a large influence on community and ecosystem processes (Lauenroth and Milchunas, 1992). Even within abundant insect groups, such as grasshoppers, some species have far greater effects than others as herbivores (Capinera, 1987). In this chapter I consider a small number of insect groups that have various in) uences in shortgrass steppe ecosystems (Table 10.1). I focus on three insect taxa—grasshoppers, beetles, and ants—that are widespread, abundant, and ecologically important in semiarid environments. I also draw attention to neglected groups, such as termites and spiders, for their potentially important roles in the shortgrass steppe. My primary objective is to emphasize the linkages among insect populations, community interactions, and ecosystem function. From this approach stems several related issues: how population distributions affect community interactions, how population abundance affects the processing and redistribution of energy and nutrients in ecosystems, and how abundance and species diversity are important to the functional roles of species in ecosystems. I skirt issues of population regulation in insects, which are reviewed elsewhere (Cappuccino and Price, 1995), and instead consider how temporal and spatial patterns in insect populations relate to community and ecosystem processes. Understanding relationships among populations, communities, and ecosystems requires approaches that link patterns and processes across scales. Much of what is known about the roles of insects in the shortgrass steppe is based on studies conducted at relatively fine scales. To link insect population studies to community and ecosystem processes, however, I suggest that insect populations should also be studied across broader scales that encompass topographic variation. The rolling topography in the shortgrass steppe produces a gradient in soil texture, water availability, and nutrient retention from uplands to lowlands (Clark and Woodmansee, 1992; Schimel et al., 1985). Plant community structure also varies with topography in spatially repeating patterns across the landscape (Milchunas et al., 1989).

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Bonsall, Michael B., and Michael P. Hassell. "Predator–prey interactions." In Theoretical Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209989.003.0008.

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Predation is a widespread population process that has evolved many times within the metazoa. It can affect the distribution, abundance, and dynamics of species in ecosystems. For instance, the distribution of western tussock moth is known to be affected by a parasitic wasp (Maron and Harrison, 1997; Hastings et al., 1998), the abundance of different competitors can be shaped by the presence or absence of predators (e.g. Paine, 1966), and natural enemies (such as many parasitoids) can shape the dynamics of a number of ecological interactions (Hassell, 1978, 2000). The broad aim of this chapter is to explore the dynamical effects of predators (including the large groupings of insect parasitoids) and show how our understanding of predator–prey interactions scales from knowledge of the behaviour and local patch dynamics to the population and regional (metapopulation) levels. We draw on a number of approaches including behavioural studies, population dynamics, and time-series analysis, and use models to describe the data and dynamics of the interaction between predators and prey. Predator–prey interactions have an inherent tendency to fluctuate and show oscillatory behaviour. If predators are initially rare, then the size of the prey population can increase. As prey population size increases, the predator populations also begins to increase, which in turn has a detrimental effect on the prey population leading to a decline in prey numbers. As prey become scarce then the predator population size declines and the cycle starts again. These intuitive dynamics can be captured by one of the simplest mathematical descriptions of a predator–prey interaction: the Lotka–Volterra model (Lotka, 1925; Volterra, 1926). Specifically, the Lotka–Volterra model for an interaction between a predator (P) and its prey (N) is a continuous-time model and has the form : where r is the prey-population growth rate in the absence of predators, α is the predator attack rate, c is the (positive) impact of prey on predators, and d is the death rate of predators in the absence of their prey resource.

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Ohgushi, Takayuki. "Resource Limitation on Insect Herbivore Populations." In Effects of Resource Distribution on Animal–Plant Interactions. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-091881-5.50011-6.

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Rossiter, MaryCarol. "The Impact of Resource Variation on Population Quality in Herbivorous Insects: A Critical Aspect of Population Dynamics." In Effects of Resource Distribution on Animal–Plant Interactions. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-091881-5.50005-0.

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Lloyd, Andrea H., and Mary E. Edwards. "Holocene Development of the Alaskan Boreal Forest." In Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0009.

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Paleoecological data provide insight into patterns of change in vegetation and in the factors, such as climate and disturbance, that cause vegetation change. Disturbance by fire, insect, and mammalian herbivores and, in floodplains, flooding are the primary drivers of changes in population structure, community composition, and species distribution in the boreal forest on time scales of years to decades (Chapter 7). On longer time scales, such as centuries to millennia, the role of variation in regional climate in determining compositional changes in the boreal forest is also clearly visible. Variability in regional climate may act directly on boreal species (e.g., causing changes in species distributions) or indirectly, by altering disturbance regimes. Proxy records of environmental and ecological change (e.g., pollen and macrofossils in lake sediments, tree rings) are selective in the kind of information they record. Evidence of fires, for example, is more persistent and thus better represented in the paleoecological record than is evidence of mammalian herbivory. For this reason, our understanding of long-term patterns of compositional and structural change in the boreal forest is limited to an analysis of the effects of a few key drivers of change, primarily climate and fire. In this chapter, we offer a long-term perspective on changes in climate and disturbance regimes and their relationship to major changes in vegetation. We first consider multimillennial time scales and discuss the role of climate and disturbance in driving the two major vegetation transitions that have occurred during the Holocene (the past 12,000 years). We then explore evidence for spatial and temporal variation in disturbance regimes during the late Holocene. Much of the terrain that is currently occupied by the Alaskan boreal forest remained ice-free during the glacial episodes of the Quaternary period (Pleistocene and Holocene), which spans the past 1.8 million years. Alaska forms part of the largely unglaciated Beringian region (named after the Bering Strait that lies at its heart; see Hopkins 1967) that extends from the Kolyma River in Siberia to the MacKenzie in northwest Canada and constitutes ca. 30% of the circumboreal zone.

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Jankielsohn, Astrid. "Russian Wheat Aphid Distribution in Wheat Production Areas: Consequences of Management Practices." In Current Trends in Wheat Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96375.

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Russian wheat aphid (RWA) is an international pest on wheat and occurs in most countries where large scale wheat cultivation is practiced. Consequently, considerable efforts have been made to manage RWA globally. The two management options used currently are chemical control and breeding for deployment of resistant wheat cultivars. There are however drawbacks to both of these management practices. Chemical control has a negative impact on the environment, especially other insect groups such as predators, pollinators and decomposers. With widespread and continuous use of the same active ingredients, there is the possibility that RWA can build up resistance against these specific active ingredients. The drawback with resistance breeding is that certain RWA populations can overcome the resistance in the wheat, resulting in new biotypes virulent to the resistant wheat cultivars.

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Conference papers on the topic "Insect population distribution"

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Hoppe, Fred M., and Jovica Riznic. "Bayesian Determination of Sample Sizes for Inspections of Feeder Hangers." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75965.

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The purpose of this paper is to show how a Bayesian approach may be used to determine sample sizes for future inspections of hangers in feeder tubes at nuclear plants. Predictive distributions are obtained and tables given for the number of fretting locations in the uninspected feeder population. If, upon inspection, the number of frets observed is too large for a specified confidence level, then the tables can be used to determine how many additional feeders to inspect.

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Roussel, Guy, and Leon Cizelj. "Selection of Tube Samples for Inservice Inspection of Steam Generator Tubes." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71751.

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In Pressurized Water Reactors, a program of periodic inservice inspection of steam generator tubes is set up to monitor the integrity of the tubes. The inservice inspection is performed using nondestructive examination techniques, e.g., eddy current testing. Usually not all the tubes are inspected but the inspection is limited to a sample of tubes. Therefore, the objective of the inservice inspection is to provide reasonable insurance of steam generator tubing integrity. Consequently, the concern is the level of confidence that can be placed in the estimated knowledge about the whole populatio

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Sutton, Aaron, Yvan Hubert, Steven Textor, and Syed Haider. "Allowable Pressure Cycling Limits for Liquid Pipelines." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33566.

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While pressure fluctuation is an inherent part of operating pipelines, review of historic operations of several pipelines in the years leading up to a failure shows a trend in the severity level of the pressure cycling. It was recognized that moderate to severe levels of pressure cycling are not acceptable on a pipeline for an extended period of time. As a result, pipelines that are operating at, or worse than this severity level have a higher likelihood of failure due to the potential fatigue crack growth induced by the pressure fluctuations. Enbridge has developed a managed approach to addre

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