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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Insects as carriers of plant disease

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Academic literature on the topic 'Insects as carriers of plant disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Insects as carriers of plant disease"

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Hill, G. T., and W. A. Sinclair. "Taxa of Leafhoppers Carrying Phytoplasmas at Sites of Ash Yellows Occurrence in New York State." Plant Disease 84, no. 2 (2000): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.134.

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Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) populations were sampled and leafhopper carriers of ash yellows (AshY) phytoplasmas were identified as first steps toward vector identification. Nearly 5,000 leafhoppers were collected in malaise traps at two sites of high AshY incidence in New York state in 1996 and 1997. These insects comprised 33 taxa, including representatives of 13 genera known to contain phytoplasma vectors. The most abundant genus was Scaphoideus, with numbers about six times greater than any other genus. A total of 1,632 insects were assayed individually for phytoplasmas by polymera

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Bounadji, Siham, Saliha Benhissen, Nora Belkhiri, Abdelmadjib Asloum, Wafa Habbachi, and Khellaf Rebbas. "BIOLOGICAL STRUGGLE AGAINST TWO HURMFUL INSECTS – BLATTELLA GERMANICA (BLATTELLIDAE) AND CULISETA LONGIAREOLATA (CULICIDAE) – USING EUPHORBIA BUPLEUROIDES (EUPHORBIACEAE)." Natural Resources and Sustainable Development 14, no. 1 (2024): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31924/nrsd.v14i1.146.

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This study is topical and is of particular importance with the emergence and spread of vector borne diseases in urban areas around the world, and in Algeria in particular. In this work we carried out a toxicological test on the larvae of two species namely Culiseta longiareolata and Blattella germanica which are considered harmful and can be carriers of many pathogens, with the use of the aqueous extract of the plant Euphorbia bupleuroides for a certain time, the results of toxicity give a toxic effect on the larvae determined at different lethal concentrations and sublethal (LC 50 % and LC 90

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García-Cámara, Isabel, Raúl Tapia-Tussell, Anuar Magaña-Álvarez, et al. "Empoasca papayae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)-Mediated Transmission of Papaya Meleira Virus-Mexican Variant in Mexico." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (2019): 2015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-18-1101-re.

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Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) causes sticky disease in Carica papaya in Brazil and Mexico. Despite its economic importance and the need for effective phytosanitary control, it remains unknown whether any insect is the vector of this virus. The aim of this work was to identify potential insect vectors of the PMeV-Mexican variant (PMeV-Mx) and determine whether these potential vectors are capable of transmitting the virus. Adult insects were collected in papaya fields in the south-southeast region of Mexico and were identified morphologically and molecularly. Their abundance and frequency were det

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Zhu, Heping, Randall H. Zondag, Charles R. Krause, Jim Merrick, and Jay Daley. "Reduced Use of Pesticides for Effective Controls of Arthropod Pests and Plant Diseases." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29, no. 3 (2011): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-29.3.143.

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Abstract Current label recommendations of pesticides for arthropod pests and plant diseases in the nursery and green industry are vague and frequently result in excessive pesticide use. The objective of this research was to demonstrate that modifications of spray application techniques with current spray equipment in ornamental nursery production could reduce pesticide use. The efficacy of half rates and full rates of both active ingredients and carrier was investigated in commercial nurseries with air-assisted sprayers in two tests and a state inspector survey for the control of arthropod pes

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Farhan, Muhammad, Chenchen Zhao, Sohail Akhtar, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Pan Jilong, and Shuai Zhang. "Assessment of Nano-Formulated Conventional Insecticide-Treated Sugar Baits on Mosquito Control and the Effect on Non-Target Aphidophagous Coccinella septempunctata." Insects 15, no. 1 (2024): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15010070.

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Mosquitoes, as disease vectors causing global morbidity and mortality through diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika, necessitate mosquito population control methods. This study investigated the efficacy of nano-formulated insecticide-based sugar baits in controlling Anopheles gambiae populations and assessed their potential non-target impact on Coccinella septempunctata. This laboratory-based study employed thiolated polymer-coated attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) nano-formulations, delivering pesticides via nano-carriers. Adult and larvae populations of insects were collected from rice an

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Hay, Bruce A., Georg Oberhofer, and Ming Guo. "Engineering the Composition and Fate of Wild Populations with Gene Drive." Annual Review of Entomology 66, no. 1 (2021): 407–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043154.

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Insects play important roles as predators, prey, pollinators, recyclers, hosts, parasitoids, and sources of economically important products. They can also destroy crops; wound animals; and serve as vectors for plant, animal, and human diseases. Gene drive—a process by which genes, gene complexes, or chromosomes encoding specific traits are made to spread through wild populations, even if these traits result in a fitness cost to carriers—provides new opportunities for altering populations to benefit humanity and the environment in ways that are species specific and sustainable. Gene drive can b

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Cifuentes-Arenas, Juan Camilo, George Andrew Charles Beattie, Leandro Peña, and Silvio Aparecido Lopes. "Murraya paniculata and Swinglea glutinosa as Short-Term Transient Hosts of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ and Implications for the Spread of Huanglongbing." Phytopathology® 109, no. 12 (2019): 2064–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-19-0216-r.

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Murraya paniculata and Swinglea glutinosa are aurantioid hosts of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri, the principal vector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las). Las is the pathogen associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the Asian form of which is the most devastating disease of Citrus species and cultivars (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae). M. paniculata is a common ornamental and S. glutinosa is grown as an ornamental, a citrus rootstock, and a hedgerow fence plant. Because of the uncertain status of these plants as reservoirs of Las, a series of cross-inoculation bioassays were ca

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Milićević, Zoran, Slobodan Krnjajić, Milan Stević, et al. "Encapsulated Clove Bud Essential Oil: A New Perspective as an Eco-Friendly Biopesticide." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (2022): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030338.

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In this work by encapsulation technique we have synthetized three new clove bud essential oil (CEO) Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) formulations depending on the carrier (synthetic zeolite- F-CSZ, nature zeolite- F-CNZ and gelatin- F-CG). The main idea was to develop an eco-friendly biopesticide that can find use in plant protection as an alternative to the use of conventional pesticides. By encapsulation we wanted to enable water solubility and ensure prolonged efficacy of the essential oil. Biological activity of designed CEO formulations was tested on potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella

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Ahmed, Haris, Mian Faisal Nazir, Zhoe Pan, et al. "Genotyping by Sequencing Revealed QTL Hotspots for Trichome-Based Plant Defense in Gossypium hirsutum." Genes 11, no. 4 (2020): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040368.

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Cotton possesses certain physical features, including leaf and stem trichomes that help plants deter damage caused by insect pests, and to some extent, from abiotic factors as well. Among those features, trichomes (pubescence) hold a special place as a first line of defense and a managemental tool against sucking insect pests of cotton. Different insect pests of cotton (whiteflies, aphids, jassids, and boll weevil) severely damage the yield and quality of the crop. Likewise, whiteflies, aphids, jassids, and other insect pests are considered as potential carriers for cotton leaf curl viruses an

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Roets, Francois, Michael J. Wingfield, Léanne L. Dreyer, Pedro W. Crous, and Dirk U. Bellstedt. "A PCR-based method to detect species of Gondwanamyces and Ophiostoma on surfaces of insects colonizing Protea flowers." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 6 (2006): 989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-062.

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Flower heads of economically important members of the genus Protea L. mature into conspicuous, often long-lived infructescences, which in South Africa are commonly colonized by species of the ophiostomatoid fungi Gondwanamyces G.J. Marais & M.J. Wingfield and Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. It is suspected that these fungi are transported between infructescences by insects. To develop techniques that would enable detection of ophiostomatoid fungi on insects, primers GPR1 and OSP1 were designed based on unique 28S ribosomal DNA sequences of Gondwanamyces and Ophiostoma from Protea. Multiplex

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Insects as carriers of plant disease"

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Groen, Simon Cornelis. "Manipulation of plant-insect interactions by insect-borne plant viruses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648187.

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Srivatsavai, Venkata Suresh Kumar Huettel Robin Norton. "Identification, distribution and vector biology of brome mosaic virus of wheat in Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1266.

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Engelbrecht, Rene. "The role of the mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, in Botrytis bunch rot of grape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53168.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Botrytis bunch rot of grape is caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. :Fr. Conidia of the pathogen, which is dispersed by wind, water droplets and by insects, can penetrate the intact grape berry cuticle, but disease expression occurs only under predisposing conditions. Since relatively high infection rates often occur in vineyards, predisposing factors must play a fundamental role in primary infection and subsequent disease occurrence. Insects can play a very important role in this regard by depositing inocula at wound

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Lewis, Katherine JoAnn. "Studies on the spread of Verticicladiella procera by soil-borne and insect-borne propagules." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91132.

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Studies were undertaken to determine the dispersal mechanisms of Verticicladiella procera Kendrick, the causal agent of Procera Root Disease (PRD). Propagule germinability in artificially infested soil decrease rapidly under natural and controlled conditions. Colonization of seedlings in artificially infested soil was rare and symptoms were not displayed by colonized seedlings. Natural populations of V. procera were closely associated with colonized root tissue. Colonization of field planted seedlings was related to proximity to root collars of diseased trees and insect activity on the see

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Walter, Cheryl Tracy. "Establishing experimental systems for studying the replication biology of Providence virus." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003987.

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Providence virus (PrV) is a member of the Tetraviridae, a family of small, positive sense, single-stranded RNA viruses, which characteristically infect the midgut tissue of heliothine larvae. PrV is the only known tetravirus that replicates in cultured insect cells. The virus comprises a monopartite genome resembling members of the genus Betatetravirus with the capsid precursor protein undergoing autoproteolytic cleavage at its C-terminus consistent with other tetravirus capsid precursor proteins. Analysis of viral cDNA predicted the presence of three potential overlapping gene products (from

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Gracia, Javier. "Lettuce stunt : effect of Pythium populations and interactions between Pythium tracheiphilum and nematodes." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59387.

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This research has focused on the determination of natural populations in the fields, the effect of different inoculum densities on lettuce growth and a study of the association of this fungus with two nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb and Meliodogyne hapla Chitwood). Under conditions of artificial infestation of soil the results were satisfactory, but in trials with naturally infested soil the fungus could not be detected. The effect of different inoculum densities was measured at different stages of growth, and only in those plants inoculated 2 weeks after seeding were differences signif

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Staffa, Pumla. "Anti-tick activities of extracts of Tulbaghia violacea (Alliaceae) cultivated in hydroponic media amended with entomopathogenic fungi (Hypocreales)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2830.

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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>Ticks and tick-borne diseases are important limiting factors to the attainment of sustainable animal and human health, affecting livelihood of resource poor farming communities in developing countries. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum (Ixodidae) are among the most troubling tick species in Africa. While ticks can be controlled by applying chemical acaricides, these chemicals are quite expensive, especially, for small-scale famers in developing countries. Hence, the quest for alternative tick c

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Bisnieks, Maris. "Barley yellow dwarf epidemiology /." Uppsala : Dept. of Entomology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200675.pdf.

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Cruz, Danilo Esdras Rocha. "Fauna de mosquiteiros (Diptera: Culicidae) em fragmento de caatinga no Alto Sertão Sergipano." Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4415.

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The family Culicidae has great public health importance for being composed by haematophagous insects in majority, which can be vector of diseases for the human being and other vertebrates. The knowledge about culicideos fauna, besides of data about various species that compose the Caatinga biome, can also bring information about species that are vector of pathogens, providing important tools in case of eventual epidemic outbreak at the region. The Caatinga biome occupies around 55% of all northeast region, representing 11% of Brazil s surface, and holds the position of the less preserved biom

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Gasparoto, Maria Cândida de Godoy. "Epidemiologia comparativa entre \'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\' e \'Candidatus Liberibacter americanus\' em ambiente controlado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-20102010-164555/.

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Huanglongbing é a mais destrutiva doença da citricultura mundial. Seu recente relato no Brasil, em 2004, e a detecção de duas espécies bacterianas associadas à doença -Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus e Candidatus Liberibacter americanus resultaram em poucos estudos do comportamento do Huanglongbing nas condições dos pomares brasileiros. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram (i) comparar a eficiência de infecção por Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus e Candidatus Liberibacter americanus em plantas cítricas inoculadas por meio de enxertia com as duas espécies bacterianas, separadamente, e mantidas

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Books on the topic "Insects as carriers of plant disease"

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Ḥammād, Shākir Muḥammad. al- Ḥasharāt al-iqtiṣādīyah fī Miṣr wa-al-ʻĀlam al-ʻArabī. Dār al-Marrīkh, 1985.

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Michael, Thresh J., ed. Plant virus epidemiology. Academic Press/Elsevier, 2006.

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Thompson, Winston M. O. The Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Interaction with Geminivirus-Infected Host Plants: Bemisia tabaci, Host Plants and Geminiviruses. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.

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T, Plumb R., ed. Plant virus vector interactions. Academic Press, 2002.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs. Get the facts on citrus greening (Huanglongbing). 2nd ed. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2010.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Huanglongbing o dragón amarillo de los cítricos. 2nd ed. Dept. de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos, Servicio de Inspección de Sanidad Agropecuaria, 2010.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Huanglongbing, or citrus greening. 2nd ed. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2010.

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Wenz, John Matthew. Evaluation of insect and disease conditions in the North Shore Project analysis area, Lake Tahoe Basin management unit. South Sierra Shared Service Area, USDA Forest Service, Stanislaus National Forest, 1996.

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Ciancio, A., and K. G. Mukerji. Integrated management of arthropod pests and insect borne diseases. Springer, 2010.

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Chan, C. K. Aphid-transmitted viruses and their vectors of the world. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Insects as carriers of plant disease"

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Ammar, El Desouky. "Propagative Transmission of Plant and Animal Viruses by Insects: Factors Affecting Vector Specificity and Competence." In Advances in Disease Vector Research. Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2590-4_11.

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Gilbert, Gregory S., and Ingrid M. Parker. "How to be a virus." In The Evolutionary Ecology of Plant Disease. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797876.003.0006.

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Abstract Viruses are noncellular pathogens. Plant viruses are obligate parasites of plant host cells that rely on their host for transcription and replication. Viruses disrupt the growth of plants by dominating host resources for transcription and translation, and sometimes by manipulating host cellular processes. There are six groups of plant viruses, classified according to their nucleic acid makeup and how they generate mRNA, but most plant viruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Viruses may be transmitted mechanically, or by insects, fungi, oomycetes, or parasitic plants as vectors. Piercing-and-sucking insects like aphids are common vectors for viruses, and transmission may be either noncirculative, in which the virus is carried for a short time on the aphid stylet or in the foregut, or circulative, in which the virus lives inside the aphid body cavity for an extended period.

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Bisht, Sunaina, Anita Puyam, and Prem Lal Kashyap. "Plant Fungal Disease Management by Nanotechnology." In Mycology: Current and Future Developments. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051360122030011.

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With the enormous increase in global population, there is an increasing number of individuals to feed. Crop loss has become the biggest issue worldwide. Insects (14%), weeds (13%) and various plant diseases (13%) play a very important role in crop losses. The loss caused by plant diseases single-handedly causes an estimated loss of 2 trillion dollars per year. Due to the increasing demand of food, the use of synthetic chemicals has become today’s fastest, easiest and cheapest way to control loss causing agents. But due to the immense use of these chemicals, it induces adverse effect on the environment, human beings, animals and also depleting natural resources. In the current scenario, there is a need to introduce control measures which are effective and increase crop production but on the other hand, they must be less harmful for the ecosystem. After the introduction of irrational use of fungicides, there is always a posed threat to the living system, killing not only the target fungi but also affecting beneficial living systems. Besides, there is an increase in resistance against fungicides in the fungal pathogen. It is becoming necessary to reassess our strategies and achieve disease management by alternate approaches such as nanotechnology. Nanofungicides based on metals like silver (Ag), copper (Cu), etc. and nano-emulsion has been becoming an important technology to tackle fungal pathogen problems in agriculture, having immense potential to cope with the fungal pathogen in the future. However, very little work has been done to bring this technology to field level. Nanotechnology has substantially advanced in medicine and pharmacology, but has received comparatively less interest for agricultural applications. They aim at acting directly into the plant’s part where the pest or disease attacks, which means that only the required amount of chemical is delivered to the plant tissue as medication. Nanoparticles may act upon pathogens in a way similar to chemical pesticides or the nanomaterials can be used as a carrier of active ingredients of pesticides, host defense inducing chemicals, etc., to the target pathogens. It is a more appropriate and suitable solution for crop protection and is also safer for the environment. It will improve agricultural output in the coming years by solving the above-mentioned problems in crop production therefore, extensive research work is needed. Nanotechnology&nbsp; may bring an evolution in industry as well as in the field of dealing with fungal pathogens.

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Purcell, Alexander H., and Rodrigo P. P. Almeida. "Insects as Vectors of Disease Agents." In Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-epcs-120010496.

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Primrose, Sandy B. "Phytoplasmas: Bacteria that Manipulate Plants and Insects." In Microbiology of Infectious Disease. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863843.003.0018.

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Phytoplasmas are mycoplasmas that infect plants and insects. In plants they cause symptoms such as abnormal flower development (virescence, phyllody) and ‘witches’ broom’. Insects acquire phytoplasmas when they feed on infected plants. After ingestion, the phytoplasmas infect the haemolymph and then migrate to the salivary glands ready to be injected into another plant. Different phytoplasmas infect different vectors and different vectors feed on different plants. Infection with a phytoplasma can affect the behaviour of the insect. The phytoplasma genome is about 50% bigger than that of Mycoplasma genitalium but has fewer genes and so phytoplasmas are dependent on their host plants and insects for essential nutrients. Phytoplasmas contain multicopy gene clusters called Potential Mobile Units (PMUs), some of which are on plasmids. The copy number of these PMUs differs in plants and animals showing a host effect on the bacteria. Phytoplasmas have no cell wall and so membrane proteins modulate the interaction with hosts. There are three types of immunomodulatory protein (Imp) found on the membrane. They are non-allelic but most phytoplasmas have just one. The Imp that a phytoplasma has determines which insects can be its vector. In plants, phytoplasmas are restricted to the phloem and so the disease symptoms are produced by small molecule effectors. Some of these effectors are encoded by PMUs, suggesting acquisition by horizontal gene transfer, but their origin is not known.

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Ortega-Parra, Nelia, Zafeiro Zisi, and Inge M. Hanssen. "The use of mild viruses for control of plant pathogenic viruses." In Microbial bioprotectants for plant disease management. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0093.19.

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Plant virus management strategies have largely been limited to the application of hygiene protocols, the control of viral vectors such as insects and nematodes and the use of resistant varieties. However, these approaches are often insufficient to prevent infections. The rapid control of newly emerging viral diseases remains challenging. This chapter focuses on cross-protection using mild viruses as active substances in biocontrol. The chapter begins by describing the theoretical modes of action of cross-protection. It then goes on to discuss crucial elements in the development of a cross-protection strategy, taking into account new insights based on commercial application of cross-protection. The chapter also provides case studies in which cross-protection has been applied in commercial crops, in particular vaccination strategies to control Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) in greenhouse tomato. Finally, developments that may impact future research into the control of emerging viral pathogens are discussed.

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Douglas, Angela E. "Microbiomes and infectious disease." In Microbiomes: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198870852.003.0005.

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Abstract This chapter explores how the microbiome may influence the susceptibility of animals and plants to infectious diseases. Certain resident microorganisms can synthesize antimicrobial products that specifically target pathogens, while others release compounds that modulate the activity of the host immune system. These effects are most clearly demonstrated for the gut microorganisms of animals, but members of the skin microbiome are also protective, promoting wound healing; and the microbial communities associated with plant roots can defend plants against fungal diseases. Under certain circumstances, however, the resident microbiome can exacerbate infectious diseases, notably some viral infections of the gut. This chapter also considers how the microbiome in insects can affect the capacity of the insect to vector disease agents. Members of the gut microbiome and an internal bacterium called Wolbachia can suppress the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit the virus that causes dengue fever and the agent of malaria.

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Chauhan, Prachi, Hardwari Lal Mandoria, Alok Negi, and R. S. Rajput. "Plant Diseases Concept in Smart Agriculture Using Deep Learning." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5003-8.ch008.

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In the agricultural sector, plant leaf diseases and harmful insects represent a major challenge. Faster and more reliable prediction of leaf diseases in crops may help develop an early treatment technique while reducing economic losses considerably. Current technological advances in deep learning have made it possible for researchers to improve the performance and accuracy of object detection and recognition systems significantly. In this chapter, using images of plant leaves, the authors introduced a deep-learning method with different datasets for detecting leaf diseases in different plants and concerned with a novel approach to plant disease recognition model, based on the classification of the leaf image, by the use of deep convolutional networks. Ultimately, the approach of developing deep learning methods on increasingly large and accessible to the public image datasets provides a viable path towards massive global diagnosis of smartphone-assisted crop disease.

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Das, Abinash, Shubham Singh, Khushboo Rani, et al. "NATURAL FARMING: STATUS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS." In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 23. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bcag23ch18.

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Indiscriminate use of modern agro-chemicals has led to deterioration of soil, food and water quality affecting the plant, animal, and human through the food chain. The need to explore sustainable alternative management strategies has led to reignition of the age old concept of ‘Natural farming’ (NF) in a more systematic way. The concept has been popularized by Padma Shri awardee Shri Subhas Palekar as a low cost farming technique especially for the benefits of small and marginal farmers. Currently, Government of India has initiated NF through implementation of Bhartiya Prakritik Krishi Padhati (BPKP) where a total of 4.09 lakh ha area has already been covered in 8 States. The idea of NF revolves around four principles such as use of low inputs, mulching, multicropping and use of natural inputs. The approach draws its strength based on ‘four wheels’ or four pillars which includes (1) Jivamrita: a microbial solution to increase soil microbial activity and mineralize soil nutrients (2) Bijamrita: a seed treatment solution to protect young seedlings from soil-borne diseases; (3) Achhadana: mulching of top soil in order to check evaporation, and (4) Whaphsa: Irrigating crops during the most crucial period of water need to synchronize plant demand. Farm level management of insect /pests is taken care of through preparation of natural insecticides namely, Bhamastras, Neemastras, etc. Adoption of NF has the potential to improve soil and food quality besides improving crop yields and socio economic condition of farmers. However, the fact that this approach lacks adequate scientific evidence limits its wide scale adoption. Realizing its potential as a sustainable crop and soil management practice, long-term trials should be carried out to validate the yield and growth benefits and aid in its popularization

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Whiteman, C. David. "Fire Weather and Smoke Management." In Mountain Meteorology. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132717.003.0022.

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Wildland fires consume large areas of forest and grasslands every year. Fires are described in terms of fire behavior, which includes rate of spread and fire intensity. A fire that spreads rapidly burns less of the available fuel per square unit of area than a fire that moves slowly and allows the flaming front a longer residence time. A fire with flames that reach only two feet above the ground produces less heat and is less destructive than an intense fire that crowns, that is, has long flames and burns at the top (i.e., crown) of the forest canopy (figure 13.1). Fire suppression activities are initiated when a wildfire threatens people, property, or natural areas that need protection. These activities include dropping water or chemicals on a fire and establishing a fire line around the fire. A fire line is a zone along a fire’s edge where there is little or no fuel available to the fire. Roads, cliffs, rivers, and lakes can be part of a fire line, or land can be cleared by firefighters. Backfires may be set within the fire line to burn toward the fire, widening the fire line and reducing the likelihood of the fire spreading beyond it (figures 13.2 and 13.3). Fires can cross a fire line if the intensity is high or if spotting occurs, that is, if the wind carries burning material (firebrands) beyond the fire and across the fire line (figure 13.4). A wildland fire can be very destructive, but it can also be beneficial and may be used by land resource managers to accomplish specific ecological objectives. For example, smaller fires can reduce the danger of a large catastrophic fire by burning off underbrush. Fire can also be used to prepare land for planting, to control the spread of disease or insect infestations, to benefit plant species that are dependent on fire, to influence plant succession, or to alter the nutrients in the soil. When a fire is used to manage land resources, it is called a prescribed fire.

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Conference papers on the topic "Insects as carriers of plant disease"

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Iurcu-Straistaru, Elena, Nicola Sasanelli, Ion Toderas, et al. "Investigations on invasive nematodes associated with complex insect pests from soil in corn in the environmental conditions of the Republic of Moldova." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.36.

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Corn is one of the major technical field crops in the Republic of Moldova, advantageous in bioecological and productive aspects, which is invaded annually by the harmful organisms with considerable parasitic impact. The phytosanitary control results, carried out annually and seasonally, comparatively in the corn plantations, notice a significant diversity of the specific diseases and of the invasive insects that seriously affect the plants from the germination phases until the harvest. In corn, were established the numerical density values (D. n.), comparative in different ecological areas, on

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Slobodyanik, R. V., S. S. Zykova, O. V. Shcherbakov, and K. E. Agababyan. "FAUNA OF BLOOD-SUCKING DIPTERANS IN THE MEGHRI DISTRICT OF ARMENIA." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.441-446.

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Our research is devoted to the study at the present stage of the species composition and distribution of blood-sucking dipteran insects, carriers of dangerous parasitic zoonoses in the Meghri District of the Syunik Region, the Republic of Armenia. The studies were carried out from June 25 to December 3, 2022 in the Meghri District of the Syunik Region (altitude 394–565 m above sea level, semi-desert zone) along the Armenian-Iranian border, since it is here that invasive species are most likely to enter Armenia. For the first time in Armenia, automatic light Mothma

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"Monitoring and managing pest locusts in a highly variable climate – are the insects adapting faster than the humans?" In Monitoring and Early Warning of Plant Pest and Disease Epidemics in Response to Climate Change. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56669/wgkh9778.

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Vasilevich, F. I., S. A. Shemyakova, and N. V. Esaulova. "VETERINARY AND MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HORSEFLY (TABANIDAE). REVIEW." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.133-137.

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The article provides information on the harmful effect of horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) as a midge component and a vector (carrier) transmitting pathogens of infectious and parasitic diseases including zoonosis. Horseflies are harmful to animals and humans in places of their abundance. Horseflies cause significant economic losses to livestock. With an intense attack of horseflies, individual areas of the skin of animals represent a continuous bleeding surface. Horsefly saliva inserted into a wound at the time of the bite is very toxic and allergenic causin

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Shesteperov, A. A., and E. S. Starostina. "PARASITOCENOTIC ASPECTS IN PHYTOPARASITOLOGY." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.462-468.

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The term "microparasitocenosis" proposed by A. P. Markevich, who combined parasitizing forms of resident microflora of the organism and parasites that entered from external environment. Viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, phytohelminths, phytoparasitic mites and insects form the parasitocenosis in a macroorganism (plant) and represent a damaging complex that contributes to pathological changes in the macroorganism. The intention to simplify complex biological processes as much as possible has led to artificial isolation of any single pathogen. This turned out to be necessary and effec

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