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Sabel, Emma. "Miljö- och hälsoeffekter av insekticider i svensk äppelodling : Kan det finnas fördelar med att övergå till feromoner?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43321.
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Det är känt att användning av kemiska bekämpningsmedel är förknippat med problem och risker för människors hälsa och miljön på såväl lokal som global nivå. Resultat från svensk miljöövervakning visar att växtskyddsmedel påträffas i vattendrag och grundvatten trots skärpta lagar och åtgärder för att nå det nationella miljökvalitetsmålet Giftfri miljö som definierats och fastslagits av Sveriges riksdag. Livsmedelsverkets stickprover på frukt och grönsaker visar att resthalter påträffas i ungefär hälften av proverna, framförallt i frukt och grönt som importeras från utlandet. Med detta som grund är syftet med denna studie att undersöka vilka miljö- och hälsoeffekter som blir följden av användning av insekticider i svensk äppelodling och om det kan finnas fördelar med att istället använda feromoner. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns åtta insekticider godkända mot skadeinsekter i svenska äppelodlingar vars aktiva substanser är acetamiprid, betacyflutrin, fenpyroximat, flonicamid, indoxakarb, paraffinolja, pyretriner och tiakloprid. Av de aktiva substanserna användes totala mängder i storleksordningen >0,1-6 ton verksamt ämne år 2012 sammanslaget för hela trädgårdsodlingen. Befintligt statistiskt underlag är inte tillräckligt detaljerat för att avgöra användningen specifikt i äppelodling. Beräknad spridning av respektive aktiv substans på den totala arealen äppelodling utifrån rekommenderad dos vid ett respektive tre behandlingstillfällen per säsong uppgår till cirka 25-107 000 kilo per hektar. Verkningsmekanismen hos sex av de aktiva substanserna är riktad mot centrala nervsystemet och två mot respirationssystemet. Sex av substanserna är akut toxiska för däggdjur vid förtäring och tre är akut toxiska vid inandning. Skadliga effekter uppvisas framförallt på lever, njure, lunga och sköldkörtel. Riskerna för ekosystem och miljö är störst för pollinerare och vattenlevande organismer vilket i kombination med hälsoeffekterna bör utgöra skäl för att övergå till alternativa metoder såsom feromonförvirring. Av studien framgår att feromoner bidrar till att minska riskerna avsevärt men att möjligheten att gå ifrån insekticidanvändning begränsas av avsaknad av godkända alternativ. I Sverige finns endast en feromonprodukt godkänd mot äpplevecklare (Cydia pomonella). För att öka förutsättningarna att minska riskerna med insekticider behöveriiden rådande EU-lagstiftningen underlätta registreringen av feromoner och andra skonsammare alternativ så att de kan komma ut på marknaden och bli tillgängliga för odlare.It is widely known that the use of chemical pesticides is associated with problems and risks to human health and the environment at a local and global level. The Swedish environmental monitoring shows that pesticides are found in watercourses as well as groundwater despite stricter laws and actions to achieve the national environmental quality goal “Giftfri Miljö” (Non-toxic Environment). Samples of fruit and vegetables conducted by the Swedish Food Administration (Livsmedelsverket) shows that residues are found in approximately half of the samples, particularly in fruit and vegetables imported from abroad. On this basis, the aim of this study was to investigate the environmental and health impacts caused by the use of insecticides in Swedish apple orchards and if there may be any advantages to pass over to pheromones as an alternative method. The result points out eight insecticides approved against insect pests in Swedish orchards in which the active substances are acetamiprid, betacyfluthrin, fenpyroximate, flonicamid, indoxacarb, paraffin oil, pyrethrins and thiacloprid. Of these active substances was a total amount in the order of> 0.1-6 tons used in 2012 in the entire horticulture. Existing statistical evidence is not sufficiently detailed to determine the use specifically in the apple orchards. The estimated dispearsal of each active ingredient on the total area of Swedish apple orchards based on the recommended dose at one and three treatments per season is approximately 25 to 107 000 kilograms per hectare. The mode of action of six of the active substances is directed to the central nervous system while two of them act against the respiratory system. Six of the substances are acutely toxic to mammals if ingested and three are acutely toxic by inhalation. Harmful effects are primarily presented on the liver, kidney, lung and thyroid. The risks to ecosystems and the environment are greatest for pollinators and aquatic organisms which, combined with health effects should be reason enough to switch to alternative methods such as pheromone mating disruption. This study shows that the use of pheromone mating disruption reduces the risks significantly but the ability to turn from insecticide use to pheromones is limited by lack of approved alternatives. In Sweden there are only one pheromone product approved against the codling moth (Cydia pomonella). In order to enhance the ability to reduce the risks of insecticides the current EU legislation needs to facilitate and promote the registration of pheromones and other low-impact alternatives so that they can enter the market and become available for the growers.
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Miranda, Jamilette. "Neurotoxicity after poisonings with organophosphate pesticides in Nicaragua /." Stockholm : Arbetslivsinstitutet, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7045-668-2/.
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Zdražil, Adam. "Biologické metody monitorování rezistentních populací vybraných škůdců řepky k insekticidům." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260007.
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The literary part of the thesis describes biology, economic importance and methods of chemical protection against pollen beetle, cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle. The resistance of these pests against zoocides in the Czech republic and in some parts of neighbour European countries is decribed and principles of antiresistance strategies are outlined. Each group of insecticides is describd and their active components are rated in the practical part of the thesis. Findings about pest resistance are summarized - resistance types and mechanisms in particular. Then monitoring of resistent populations of plant pests are described.
New findings concerning the resistance of three oilseed rape pests were acquired using biological methods. For cabage seed weevil six areas were evaluated, for pollen beetle seven and for cabbage stem flea beetle two areas were evaluated. All the evaluated areas are in the Czech republic.
The adult-vial test number 11, nr. 25, nr. 27 accordinng to IRAC methodology and topical aplication test were used to rate the resistance. The efficiency of five pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin), one organophosphate (chlorpyrifos - cabbage stem flea beetle only) and one oxadiazin (indoxacarb) in different concentrations were rated.
The mortality of the pests was rated 24 hours after active component functioning for pollen beetle and cabbage seed weevil and after 48 hours for cabage stem flea beetle. Then lethal concentration LC50 and LC95 values were assessed.
For ppollen beetle, the resistance against pyrethroids was confirmed with the exception, the effect of neonicotinoids was variable, acetamiprid and thiacloprid showed reduced efficiency in populations of some areas. Assessed populations of cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle were very sensitive to pyrethroids, but neonicotinoids showed insufficient efficiency. The indoxacarb sensitivity of pollen beetle and cabbage stem flea beetle was high.
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Nygren, Daniel. "Direkta effekter av insekticiden deltametrin på zooplankton och bottenfauna : en fältstudie av bieffekter av insekticidinducerad eliminering av signalkräfta på Gotland." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-280.
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Direct effects of the insecticide deltamethrin on zooplankton and benthic invertebrates werestudied during an attempt to eradicate signal crayfish. In accordance with earlier studies theresults of this investigation showed that deltamethrin is highly toxic for arthropods, whileRotifera, Oligochaeta and Mollusca have a higher tolerance. This study concludes thatRotifera in treated ponds coped with the actual concentration of deltamethrin used during theeradication attempt but that they probably got a different abundance and changed compositiondue to a new situation in competition and predation. Crustacean zooplankton totallydisappeared, but approximately a month after the treatment they began to recolonise. All thetaxonomical groups of arthropods drastically decreased in abundance, with total eliminationof the most sensitive groups. The concentration of deltamethrin was not higher than that somespecies of Hydracarina and Chironomidae survived.
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Zsigmond, Papp. "Voltametrijska karakterizacija i određivanje odabranih neonikotinoida primenom različitih elektroda na bazi ugljenika." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2011. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=16819&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U disertaciji je izvršena voltametrijska karakterizacija i određivanje pet neonikotinoidnih insekticida (imidakloprida, tiametoksama, klotianidina, nitenpirama i acetamiprida) na različitim elektrodama na bazi ugljenika, kao što su elektroda od ugljenične paste, elektroda od staklastog ugljenika i bizmut-filmom modifikovani staklasti ugljenik. Pored ispitivanja u model-rastvorima, razvijene visokoosetljive diferencijalne pulsne voltametrijskemetode su primenjene za određivanje neonikotinoida u realnim uzorcima. Neonikotinoidi su određivani u uzorcima rečne vode i komercijalnim formulacijama, a praćena je i njihova fotolitička i fotokatalitička razgradnja. Radi potvrđivanja voltametrijskih rezultata, izvedena su komparativna merenja uz primenu tečne hromatografije sa detektorom od niza dioda i infracrvenespektrometrije. Detekcija pojedinih degradacionih proizvoda nastalih u toku ispitivanih fotodegradacionih procesa je praćena tečnohromatografskom metodom sa tandemskom masenospektrometrijskom detekcijom. Proučavana je površinska struktura CR 5 grafitnog praha, elektrode od ugljenične paste na bazi trikrezil-fosfata i elektrode od staklastog ugljenika pomoću skenirajuće elektronske mikroskopije.This thesis is concerned with the voltammetric characterization and determination of five neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nitenpyram and acetamiprid) at different carbon-based electrodes such as carbon paste, glassy carbon and bismuth-film modified glassycarbon. In addition to the investigations in model solutions, the developed highly sensitive differential pulse voltammetric methods were applied for the determination of neonicotinoids in real samples. Neonicotinoids were determined in river water samples, commercial formulations, and their photolytic and photocatalytic degradation was also monitored. To confirm the voltammetric results, comparative measurements were performed by liquid chromatography with diode-array detector and infrared spectrometry. Detection of some degradation products formed during the photodegradation processes was monitored using liquid chromatography with tandem mass-spectrometric detection. The surface structure of CR 5 graphite powder, tricresyl phosphate-based carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscopy.
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Jovana, Šućur. "Biopesticidna aktivnost ekstrakata odabranih biljnih vrsta familije Lamiaceae." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95670&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Ispitivan je hemijski sastav etarskih ulja i vodenih ekstrakata tri vrste samoniklih biljaka familije Lamiaceae: Satureja montana L., Salvia sclarea L., Clinopodium menthifolium Host. Pored toga, ispitano je delovanje vodenih ekstrakata na korovske i ratarsko-povrtarske biljke, insekte i mikroorganizme, kao i etarskih ulja na insekte.Potvrđeno je da ispitivane vrste imaju insekticidno dejstvoi da nemaju uticaj na rast korisnih mikroorganizama prisutnih u zemljištu.The chemical composition of essential oils and aqueous extracts of three types of self-seeding plants of the Lamiaceae family are examined. Apart from the composition, the effects of aqueous extracts on weed and vegetable plants, insects and microorganisms are examined. The effects of essential oils on insects are also examined. Insecticidal activity of examined plants is confirmed. It is also confirmed that the examined plants have no effect on the growth of useful microorganisms present in the soil.
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Mányová, Brigita. "Vývoj insekticidů inhibující acetylcholinesterasu." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388782.
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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Brigita Mányová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Supervisor-specialist: PharmDr. Vendula Hepnarová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Development of insecticides inhibiting acetylcholineseterase Pest insects cause problems and damage all over the world. They are vectors of serious diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus disease and chikungunya disease. They cause huge damage to agricultural crops and are annoying to everyday life in living spaces. The aim of this diploma thesis was in vitro testing of selected compounds from the group of bis-isoquinoline and bispyridinium acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as potential insecticides. Another goal was also to create relationships between structure and effect. The ability of these compounds to inhibit both human (hAChE) and fly acetylcholinesterase (MdAChE) was evaluated. The modified Ellman spectrophotometric method was used. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were obtained for both enzymes and the selectivity indexes (SI) were then calculated. Compounds having IC50s in micromolar or nanomolar range and exhibiting selectivity for MdAChE were most desirable. During the testing of these inhibitors, three...
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Mlýnská, Jana. "Rezistence blýskáčka řepkového k vybraným insekticidům." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-87872.
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Schoříková, Alexandra. "Rezistence krytonosce šešulového k vybraným insekticidům." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250483.
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This work aims to find out the presence of the resistant population (sub-population) of cabbage seedpod weevil. The collection of beetles took place from April to July in the years 2013-2014 all over the Czech Republic. Resistance was tested for two active substances: lambda-cyhalotrin from the group of pyrethroids and thiacloprid (Biscaya 240 OD) from the group of neonicotinoids. Both active substances were tested in 21 locations. The methodics of the IRAC organization was followed in the tests. It was found that the active substances lambda-cyhalotrin had 100% efficiency in both years, while Biscaya 240 OD (active substance thiacloprid) had reduced efficiency in the year 2013 - between 93 and 100%. So far the efficacy of the substances has been high; we should, however, stick to antiresistant strategies and alternate between active substances from various groups of active substances with different mechanisms of action.
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Tomáš, Ondrej. "Hodnocení nově připravených insekticidů in vitro." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-451185.
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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Ondrej Tomáš Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Consultant supervisor: mjr. PharmDr. Vendula Hepnarová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of newly prepared insecticides in vitro Malaria is a widespread infection and one of the most dangerous diseases transmitted by insects. It threatens lives of millions of people all around the world, thus its regulation is necessary. Most common malaria vectors are mosquitoes of genus Anopheles. Novel structures of insecticides with selective inhibition of mosquito acetylcholinesterase are subjects of research, with an intention to deal with this problem. The aim of this work was to test six newly prepared succinimide derivatives with insecticidal potential. The ability of these compounds to inhibit Anopheles gambiae mosquito (AgAChE) and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) was evaluated. Leading structures of these compounds were also tested to find relations between chemical structure and biological activity. The modified Ellman's method was used to obtain the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for both enzymes. Tested substances were able to inhibit only hAChE and none of them displayed activity against AgAChE. Compound...
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Kolaříková, Eva. "Problematika rezistence blýskáčka řepkového k vybraným insekticidům." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-87699.
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Zlá, Kristýna. "Rezistence krytonosce šešulového (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus) k insekticidům." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-430543.
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This thesis was created during the work on the project MZe NAZV QJ1230077. It focuses on the resistance of the species Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham 1802) to insecticides. The thesis contains results of testing Czech populations of the species from various locations, and also basic characteristics of other significant rapeseed pests. Adult individuals of the species were collected in 2016 on Czech rapeseed fields. The collected individuals were tested in laboratory conditions in accordance with the methods of the organization IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee), with the help of the Adult-vial-test. The tested substances were lambda-cyhalotrin, tau-fluvalinate, the preparate Biscaya 240 OD and chlorpyrifos-ethyl. The contact efficiency was evaluated after 24 hours. The substances lambda-cyhalotrin and tau-fluvalinate had a slightly lower effect. Biscaya 240 OD and chlorpyrifos-ethyl showed 100% efficiency.
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Kameníčková, Daniela. "HPLC stanovení vybraných insekticidů v kosmetickém přípravku." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307123.
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Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Daniela Kameníčková Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: HPLC determination of selected incestisides in cosmetic Active ingredients fenoxycarb and permethrin were determined in cosmetic anti- parasitic product Arpalit® Neo shampoo against parasites with bamboo extract. Analysis was performed by HPLC using RP-Amide column 100 x 3 mm with a particle size of 2.7 micron and detection by UV at a wavelength of 225 nm. Separation proceeded by isocratic elution with mobile phase of acetonitrile - water (55:45) at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min. Temperature during measurement was 60 řC. For evaluation method was used an internal standard method, as the internal standard was used dye sudan II. For separation was needed time interval of 6 min. The retention time of fenoxycarb was 1.01, sudan II 2.87 and permethrin 4.42 min. Resolution of chromatographic peaks fenoxycarb and sudan II was 10.612 and sudan II and permethrin 6.524. Keywords: fenoxycarb, permethrin, HPLC.
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Přibáňová, Gabriela. "Subletální efekty insekticidů neonikotinoidů na migrační potenciál pavouků." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446313.
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The purpose for using pesticides is to kill organisms that cause damage (so-called pests) on various crops and thus prevent possible crop losses. Their side effect is a negative impact on non-target organisms. The presented diploma thesis is focused on the effect of neonicotinoids on invertebrates particularly on spiders. Its main goal was to document their influence on behavioral parameters influencing dispersal abilities such as locomotion and tendency to spread by wind (so-called ballooning). The diploma thesis compares the influence of neonicotinoids on model species, Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) and Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881) with different modes of prey hunting and compares the influence on adult and nymphal stages. Pesticides Actara® 25 WG, Biscaya® 240 OD, Confidor® 200 OD and Mospilan® 20 SP were applied to the spiders under laboratory conditions and their effect was tested at different concentrations and different methods of application. The biggest impact on spiders had Confidor. It clearly had the most significant negative effect on mobility and a tendency to spider wind propagation. The lethal effects were caused by neonicotinoids in nymphal individuals Pardosa lugubris, especially Confidor (even 100% mortality for tarsal application). During an experiment studying the...
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Hajda, Tomáš. "Rezistence škůdců řepky k vybraným účinným látkám insekticidů." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-426776.
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Resistence population of pollen beattle on selected locations of Moravia and Silesia were observed during the 2017. Beattles were taked off in the field during spring and their sensitivity to insecticides active substances indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin were tested in laboratory. Tested using methods of IRAC – 11, 21, 25 and 27. Mortality of beattles at various concentrations of active substances was evaluated after 24 hours. Levels of resistance were changed for individual location.
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Šafaříková, Hana. "Rezistence blýskáčka řepkového k vybraným účinným látkám insekticidů." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-430430.
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This thesis was compiled during the solution of the project MA NAZV QJ1230077 and it is focuses on monitoring of pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus, Fab., 1775) populations resistence to selected insecticides, in particular lambda-cyhalotrin, cypermetrin, tau-fluvalinate, Biscaya 240 OD and chlorpyrifos-ethyl in South Moravia. Beetles were collected during the spring 2016. Their sensitivity to these insecticides active ingredients was tested in laboratory. Various concentrations of active substances and beetles´ mortality after 24 hours was evaluated according to methodology IRAC (adult-vial-test met. 11, 21, 25, www.irac-online.org). Beetles´ sensitivity depends on the dose of the active substance and the location where the beetles were taken from.
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Jetmarová, Zuzana. "Rezistence blýskáčka řepkového (Meligethes aeneus, Fabr. 1775) k insekticidům." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-179484.
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The aim of this thesis was to find the current occurrence of resistant sub-population of pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fabricius, 1775) to the selected species active ingredients and the preparation. Adults of pollen beetles were collected from commonly used fields of oilseed rape plants at the time of the first process of flowering until the end of the entire flowering process. The sample collection was carried out during years 2012 and 2013 in twenty locations in the Czech Republic. The Levels of resistance were assessed in a laboratory test called Adult-vial- Test according to official methods used by the International Resistance Action Committee (IRAC). The first part of this thesis describes the biology of pollen beetles. It also describes other pests found on the oilseed rape plant. It further explains the basic concepts and summarizes the occurrence of resistant sub-populations of Pollen beetle in the Czech Republic and other European countries. The second part of this thesis constitutes the practical aspect of the research where there is testing of the resistance of sub-populations of pollen beetles on used active ingredients and the preparation of Biscaya 240 OD.
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Hanzalová, Jitka. "Hodnocení insekticidní rezistence Bt kukuřice ve vztahu k výnosovým parametrům." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-87552.
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Kotalová, Jana. "Způsoby ochrany vůči obaleči jablečnému ve výsadbě kdouloni." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-90153.
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Přibáňová, Gabriela. "Subletální efekty insekticidů neonikotinoidů na migrační a predační potenciál pavouků." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-406063.
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This research deals with impacts of pesticide substances on spider populations. In this case pesticides of the neonicotinoids classes were tested. Specific neonicotinoids were applied to different of spiders which were collected in various localities and at some stage of development - nymph, adult or subadult individuals. The diploma thesis analyzes and the documents the effects of neonicotinoids to spiders. The results show that some pesticides can have a significant negative effect to locomotion, predation, ballooning, drop or to spiders mortality. Keywords: spider, arthropod, pesticides, insecticides, neonicotinoids, sublethal effects, mortality, EthoVision XT, locomotion, drop, ballooning, predation, Philodromus, Oedothorax, Pardosa, Xerolycosa, Phylloneta
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Gajdošík, Erik. "Rezistence dřepčíků rodu Phyllotreta a Psylliodes na řepce k vybraným insekticidům." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250479.
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Diploma thesis is followed of bachelor thesis of the same author out of 2013. The aim of this work was evaluation sensibility of the flea beetles of birth Phyllotreta and Psylliodes to active substances of pyrethroid insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and tau-fluvalinate), neonicotinoids (thiacloprid) and organophosphorous insecticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl). The research was conducted during 2013 in the 22 locations and in 2014 at 15 sites in the Czech Republic. Beetles were collected from normal commercial oilseed colza and mustard. Testing was conducted by laboratory methods of IRAC number 011, 021 and 025, during testing was used the (adul-vial-test). These metods are determined for monitoring (Meligethes spp.), but also these metods are suitable for testing another kind of pest of colza. Between the compared samples of populations flea beetles were found in some localities differences in their sensitivity to the active used substance. The species spectrum of flea beetles were observed in populations collected in 2012. Index of dominance for individual flea beetles species were determined. P. nigripes (37,26 %), P. atra (35,26 %) and P. nemorum (23,26 %) were eudominant species, P. undulata (3,66 %) subdominant, P. vittula (0,06 %) and P. chrysocephala (0,50 %) subrecedent.
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Tóth, Pavel. "Rezistence blýskáčka řepkového (Brassicogethes aeneus Fabricius, 1775) k různým druhům insekticidů." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-176906.
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The aims of my PhD thesis are to find out occurence of resistance population of pollen beetle, degree of resistance in population and to suggest possible change of the antiresistant strategy. At the same time it was investigated identification of pollen beetle species (Brassicogethes spp., Meligethes spp. and others) and their dominance in oilseed rape. Populations were collected from commonly used fields of oilseed rape, mustard and poppy in the region of central and southern Moravia and Bohemian-Moravian Highlands in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012. The individuals were exposed active ingredients lambda-cyhalothrin, ethofenprox, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate, chlorpyrifos (ethyl) and the preparation Biscaya 240 OD according to methodology of Insecticide Resistancee Action Committee (IRAC) number 011, 021, 025. Decreased effectivenes active ingredients from group pyrethroids a neonicotinoids among individual year were found. There are resistance populations. The Cross Resistance were discovered between active ingredient lambda-cyhalothrin and ethofenprox. Active ingredient chlorpyrifos (ethyl) were the most effective of all active ingredients which were tested. Pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) was the most frequent species in all compared samples (2009 -- 2011). From the accompanying species B. subaeneus and B. viridescens were markedly more frequent in this study. To find out differences among the individual pollen beetle species during the laboratory tests of their susceptibility to insecticides is very important. It shouldn't used or combined active ingredient lambda-cyhalothrin and ethofenprox and another active ingredient should changed intensively.
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Janáčová, Erika. "Rezistence dřepčíků rodu Phyllotreta a Psylliodes k vybraným účinným látkám insekticidů." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-426876.
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Diploma thesis “The resistance of the flea beetles of the genus Phyllotreta and Psylliodes to active substances of insecticides“ is followed of NAZV QJ 1230077 Testing the sensitivity of selected insect pests of Brassicaceae crops to insecticides solved in 2012-2016. In the diploma thesis the sensibility of the flea beetles of genus Phyllotreta and Psylliodes to active substances of pyrethroid insecticides (tau-fluvalinate and lambda-cyhalothrin) and neonicotinoids (thiacloprid) was evaluate. The research was realized in 2017 on the 21 locations in the Czech Republic. The beetles were collected from commercial oil rapeseed?s (Brassica napus L. var. napus) and mustard?s (Sinapis alba) fields. The testing was conducted by laboratory methods of IRAC number 011 and 021, the adult-vital test was used for testing. These methods are known for monitoring pollen beetles (Meligethes spp.), but they are suitable for testing another species of pest of oil rapeseed. The results showed a decrease in the sensitivity to some insecticides.
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Kačírková, Michala. "Vliv škůdců na obsah silice u miříkovitých druhů koření." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-87663.
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Lukešová, Kateřina. "Insekticidní účinky vybraných rostlinných extraktů proti potemníku skladištnímu Tribolium confusum (Col., Tenebrionidae)." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-90216.
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KEPL, Lukáš. "Vliv postřiku insekticidy na diverzitu střevlíků (\kur{Carabidae}) na poli ozimé řepky." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-154549.
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This thesis deals with the determination of the direct impact of spraying on soil invertebrates by comparing the treated and untreated surfaces by spraying with plant protection products. The experiment took place in crop of winter oilseed rape in the western part of South Bohemia in spring 2012. As bio-indicators were used ground beetles beetles (Carabidae). Trapping was conducted using pitfall traps. In this work we compared the difference in the occurrence of ground beetles in treated and untreated crop of winter oilseed rape and subsequent tree alley. Only 15% of beetles was recorded sprayed areas, 69% in untreated areas and and 16% in the alley. This suggests the direct impact of spraying on non-target organisms. That's followed by a second experiment, which aim was to determine the long-term effects of intensive farming on ground beetle populations in habitats related to reporting rape field. The selected habitats were meadow, pasture, alley, ruderals and riparian vegetation. The results indicated the inportance of the biotops consequent to field as tthe refugium and the center of spreading of groujd beetles to the field where they provide ecosystem service of biological control.
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Grätzová, Linda. "Rezistence blýskáčka řepkového (Meligethes aeneus, Fabr. 1775) k vybraným účinným látkám insekticidů." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-179486.
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The aim of this thesis was to determine presence of resistant populations pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus). Determination their resistance level and proposing an anti-resistant strategy was solved too. The adults of pollen beetle were collected in year 2012 and 2013 from 16 locations in South Moravia. Collections were done on rape, but also on poppy and mustard. Pyrethroids - cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalotrin, tau-fluvalinate; neonicotinoids -- commercially used preparation Biscaya 240 OD and organophosphorous insecticide active substance chlorpyrifos ethyl were tested. The tests were conducted according to the methodology of Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) number 011, 021, 025. Each active substance was tested in three repetitions. The adults were exposed to 100 % registered dose after 24 hour. Substance efficiency in 2012 and 2013 was different. There was an efficiency drop in Biscaya 240 OD preparation. On the contrary, lambda-cyhalotrine substance was more effective in 2013.
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Kaffková, Katarína. "Biologicky aktivní látky vybraných taxonů rodu Mentha L. a možnosti jejich využití v ochraně rostlin." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-425511.
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Taxa of Mentha L. were evaluated during 2011-2014. Thirty-five taxa were evaluated in terms of morphological parameters, in term of constituents (quantity and quality of essential oil, content of phenols and flavonoids) and insecticidal activity of essential oils on Musca domestica and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Essential oils were obtained by steam-distillation and their composition was determined by GC/MS. Content of phenolics was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, content of flavonoids was determined by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH method. Insecticidal activities were evaluated according to the modified WHO methodology. The best insecticidal activity, for Musca and Culex, was observed in case of essential oil with majority stake of piperitenone oxide, namely essential oils obtained form taxa M. suaveolens 'Variegata' and M. sp. 'Cinderella'.
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Kreuzová, Sandra. "Zhodnocení výskytu mandelinky bramborové a účinnosti insekticidů v porostu brambor na lokalitě v Žabčicích." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-426939.
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This thesis deals with the effectiveness of insecticides on Colorado potato beetle, which is one of the most serious pests that damages the above-ground part of the potato crop. Field trials were established in the years 2015-2017 at the campus of the Mendel University School in Žabčice. Insecticides from the group of neonicotinoids (Actara 25 WG, Biscaya 240 OD, Mospilan 20 SP and Monceren G) were used here. Insecticides from the group of pyrethroids (Vaztak Active, Nurelle D, Karate se Zeon 5 SC) and diamides (Coragen 20 SC) were used. Last but not least, two insecticides (NeemAzal T / S, SpinTor) have been applied that are useful in organic farming. In 2015 and 2017, the presence of Colorado potato beetle was evaluated before and after application of individual insecticides. Based on the occurrence of potato beetle larvae, efficiency was calculated. In addition, the difference between insecticides and insecticides and control was statistically evaluated. The year 2016 was not evaluated because of the low number of potato beetles.
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Naibrtová, Linda. "Využití systému přepínání kolon v HPLC pro zakoncentrování a stanovení insekticidů z vodné matrice." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333062.
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This diploma thesis deals with development and optimization of conditions of HPLC method for a suitable pre-concentration and determination of two pesticides - fenoxycarb and permethrin in surface waters. The on-line SPE HPLC with column switching system was used for method development and determination. To validate the optimal conditions there was chosen analytical column Supelco Ascentis Express Phenyl - Hexyl (100 x 4.6 mm), particle size of 2.7 microns. Detection was carried out at wavelength 225 nm and column temperature was set on 45 řC using gradient elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile - water at a flow rate of 1,0 ml/min. Prior to analysis, the sample was pre-concentrated using an extraction precolumn Ascentis Express C-18 (5 x 4.6 mm), particle size of 2.7 micron with washing mobile phase of 30% acetonitrile in water at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The injected sample volume was optimized to 1500 μl of water sample. An original method, which allows the determination of two selected pesticides in real matrix surface waters without difficult sample pre-treatment was developed.
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Vrabec, Luboš. "Možnosti biologické ochrany proti květopasu jabloňovému v integrované a ekologické produkci." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-362455.
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In the Czech Republic, apple orchards cover an area of 7.975, of which almost 55% involve superannuated plantations. The research was carried out in the Agricultural and Trade Cooperation - Orchards Starý Lískovec, which farm on 105.5. ha. In the thesis, a detailed description of the apple blossom weevil is given, including its biology, ecological requirements, harmful effects, and ways of its monitoring and regulation. The thesis also includes a chapter that is dedicated to resistance of the parasite against commonly used insecticides. The efficiency of natural insecticides Spintor and Spruzit-Flüssig was compared to a common insecticide Calypso 480SC. As a result, Spruzit-Flüssig seemed to be the most efficient (80%), in comparison with the least efficient Calypso 480 SC (50%). During the beginning of vegetation in 2015, the observations were made in order to discover the species preference of the apple blossom weevil. Jonagold was determined as most attacked cultivar, since in different areas of the orchard, 207 blossoms of 400 were attacked. On the contrary, Idared and Gloster revealed no evidence of having been attacked. Furthermore, ingestion activity of insect after insecticide application was observed; in all cases, the ingestion activity was inhibited.
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Vaverková, Jana. "Květopas jabloňový (Anthonomus pomorum), význam a možnosti jeho regulace." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250338.
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Monitoring was carried out in 2014 in apple orchards Starý Lístovec (Brno-venkov). The effectiveness of environmentally friendly (Quassia amara, Spruzit-Flussig, SpinTor), synthetic insecticide Calypso 480 SC (thiacloprid) in combination with orange oil PREV-B2 on hibernating adults were compared. The results were inconclusive due to inclement weather conditions. The most attractive variety were triploid variety Jonagold and second Champion. The influence of selected products (Quassia amara Spruzit-Flussig, SpinTor, Calypso 480 SC) on mortality and activity of apple blossom weevil was investigated in laboratory 24, 48, and 120 hours after application. Degree of leaf damage (%) 120 hours after application was evaluated. The highest efficiency (88% mortality) reached SpinTor (spinosad) 120 hours after application, other products only temporary paralyzed adults. Spruzit-Flussig, SpinTor and Calypso 480 SC inhibit the activity of apple blossom weevil, they may reduce damage by pests, and therefore they can be recommended for application in the spring during feeding of adults.
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BÁRTŮ, Iva. "Funkce adipokinetických hormonů v metabolismu hmyzích lipidů." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54136.
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This PhD. thesis summarizes the effect of adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) on a spectrum of mobilized lipids in model insect species the locust Locusta migratoria and the firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus. The results revealed that mobilization of diacylglycerols and fatty acids from the fat body into the haemolymph is not uniform and suggested there is partial specificity of individual AKHs. This could contribute to the answer of the question why some insect species have more than one AKH. The results of the thesis are supplemented by studies of AKH effect on lipid metabolism in stress conditions elicited by insecticide treatments. Co-application of AKH and insecticide enhanced the effect of insecticide