Academic literature on the topic 'Insider regulation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Insider regulation"

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Hnyluch Sobański, Konrad. "Inside information and insider trading." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 29 (September 30, 2019): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.29.8.

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EU law acts often have a built-in element of the so-called self-control, consisting in verification of the effectiveness of regulation after a specified period of time from the entry into force of a legal act. In the year 2019, the Market Abuse Regulation MAR, which in 2016 introduced new regulations concerning confidential information and trade related to internal information, causing a revolution in the capital market, will be reviewed. Numerous new duties were imposed on market participants, among others in the field of transaction reporting, access to confidential information, the circle of persons having access to confidential information. Due to the above, the article discusses the regulations of confidential information and related obligations imposed on market participants, based on the current achievements of the doctrine and judicatory. These considerations have been confronted with the undesirable element of having confidential information, i.e. insider trading. Often, an entity that has access to specific confidential information uses it in an unlawful manner to achieve its own profit. This causes inequalities in access to market information and leads to distortions in the transparency of financial markets. The article also included a polemic on the morality of insider dealing. Informacja poufna w obrocie papierami wartościowymiAkty prawa unijnego często mają wbudowany element tak zwanej samokontroli self controlling, polegający na weryfikacji skuteczności regulacji po upływie określonego czasu od wejścia w życie aktu prawnego. Na rok 2019 przypada rewizja rozporządzenia MAR Market Abuse Regulation, które wprowadzając w 2016 roku nowe regulacje dotyczące informacji poufnej i obrotu związanego z informacją wewnętrzną, spowodowało rewolucję na rynku kapitałowym. Na uczestników rynku zostały nałożone nowe liczne obowiązki, między innymi w zakresie raportowania transakcji, dostępu do informacji poufnej czy też kręgu osób mających dostęp do informacji poufnej. Z uwagi na to w artykule omówione zostały regulacje informacji poufnej oraz związanych z nią obowiązków nałożonych na uczestników rynku, opierając się na aktualnym dorobku doktryny i dostępnym orzecznictwie. Rozważania zostały zestawione z niepożądanym elementem posiadania informacji poufnej, to jest insider trading. Często podmiot mający dostęp do określonych informacji poufnych wykorzystuje je w sposób bezprawny dla osiągnięcia własnego zysku. Powoduje to nierówności w dostępie do informacji rynkowych i prowadzi do zaburzenia transparentności rynków finansowych. W artykule podjęto również polemikę co do moralności wykorzystywania informacji poufnych.
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Rundfelt, Rolf. "Insider Trading: Regulation in Europe." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 1, no. 2 (1986): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x8600100205.

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This paper looks at insider trading regulation in Europe and finds a broad spectrum. Two countries, the United Kingdom and Sweden, have insider regulations very similar to those in the United States. The author attributes this to well-developed stock markets and the Swedish search for confidence in their stocks. At the other extreme, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Switzerland have no regulation at present.
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Liu, Hong, Lina Qi, and Zaili Li. "Insider trading, representativeness heuristic insider, and market regulation." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 47 (January 2019): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2018.11.011.

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조인호. "Regulation of Tipping in Insider Trading Regulation." KOOKMIN LAW REVIEW 29, no. 3 (2017): 459–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17251/legal.2017.29.3.459.

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Manchikatla, Anil Kumar, and Rajesh H. Acharya. "Insider trading in India – regulatory enforcement." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 1 (2017): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-12-2015-0075.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of insider trading enforcement actions in India and international dimensions. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the insider trading regulations and amendments made during the period 1992-2015. Findings The notable observation of the study is the dearth of insider trading conviction and the paucity of prosecution for insider trading offences in India. It is difficult to resist the conclusion that surveillance and enforcement matter more than the drafting of the relevant statutes and regulations in emerging markets. Whereas, developed countries have a better record of prosecution than emerging markets. Research limitations/implications Future research may explore the factors that hinder effective regulation and recommend new methods to increase the impact of Securities and Exchange Board of India insider trading regulation. Originality/value The current paper presents guidance for the foreign institutional investors, regulators and market participants on insider trading regulation and prosecution in India.
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Hauser, Florian, and Klaus Schredelseker. "Who benefits from insider regulation?" Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 68 (May 2018): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2017.08.004.

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Jardak, Maha Khemakhem, and Hamadi Matoussi. "The effectiveness of insider trading disclosure policies: US and EU comparison." Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting 18, no. 3 (2020): 591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfra-09-2019-0120.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of financial market rules in protecting minorities. Design/methodology/approach The study compares two alternative disclosure rules on insider trading, namely, the market abuse directive (Directive 2004/72/EC), inspired from the United State (US) insider trading regulation enacted by the Sarbanes–Oxley act and the transparency directive enacted by the European (Directive 2004/109/EC) dealing with the crossing of the shareholding threshold. To investigate which one is more effective in signaling reserved information, and thus in reducing information asymmetry, the authors run an event study on the French context, where both regulations are adopted. The data were hand collected from the French stock exchange securities commissions during the two years following the implementation of the two regulations in 2004. The final sample consists of 363 insiders trading and 35 crossing shareholding thresholds for 10 top French firms during the period 2006-2007. Findings The results show that the French market reacts significantly to insider trading, but poorly to the crossing shareholding thresholds. Abnormal returns are greater after insider purchases than after crossing up thresholds. These findings support the superiority of the insider disclosure regulation, as it has better information content and provides better protection to minorities. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to the corporate governance literature by comparing two disclosure-trading policies. The authors conclude that regulation of disclosure of insider trading along the lines of US disclosure rules is more informative to the market and thus more relevant and important than disclosure of cross-threshold trades. Practical implications The study contributes to the corporate governance literature by comparing two disclosure-trading policies. The authors conclude that regulation of disclosure of insider trading along the lines of US disclosure rules is more informative to the market and thus more relevant and important than disclosure of cross-threshold trades. This finding can be helpful for the securities lawmakers and regulators in the process of insider trading law enforcement. Originality/value Previous researchers approached the question of insider trading focusing on the identity of insiders. In the research, the authors address the question from another perspective, namely, the crossing of thresholds. Another methodological contribution of the study is the use of a market model that incorporates GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic) effect and time-varying systematic risk parameter (β), which is recommended to tackle the classical event study problem of detecting the exact timing of the event.
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Lskavyan, Vahe. "Insider regulation and the incentive to invest as an insider." Economics of Governance 16, no. 3 (2015): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0162-0.

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Ludman, Earl A. "Insider Trading: The Case for Regulation." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 1, no. 2 (1986): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x8600100204.

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Engelen, Peter-Jan. "Structural Problems in the Design of Market Abuse Regulations in the EU." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 19, no. 1 (2007): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x07001900105.

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This article analyzes the regulatory and supervisory design of market abuse regulations in the EU in order to set the right incentives for corporate insiders to abstain from illegal trading. The analysis is illustrated by the Belgian insider trading law. Although the level of punishment seems to be rather high, the probability of conviction for insider trading is very low. The analysis suggests that the expected costs component of this crime is too low compared to the expected insider trading profits. In order to obtain a higher deterrence of the insider trading prohibition, a change in the design of the financial regulation and supervision must be made. To increase the probability of conviction broad investigative powers and the authority to impose administrative sanctions have to be assigned to the financial markets supervisor, as was recently the case with the European Market Abuse Directive. JEL classification: K42
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Insider regulation"

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Sjödin, Ulrika. "Insiders’ outside/Outsiders’ inside : Rethinking the insider regulation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-944.

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<p>Financial speculation has increased dramatically over the last 30 years. This means that a practice that used to be viewed as immoral <i>gambling</i> has become legitimate financial <i>trade</i>. This book explores the<i> genealogy</i> of the coexisting<i> insider trading laws</i>. The insider regulation prohibits trade based on privileged information in order to create equal trading conditions, and in this way uphold confidence in the financial markets among the general public. However, this study shows that the existing view of the insider regulation is <i>misleading</i> and that the regulation is best understood as a <i>game rule</i> aiming to <i>stimulate</i> financial speculation. The protection interest is therefore not primarily the general public, but the financial system as such: the professional market actors sustaining the speculative activities and a growing financial sector. </p><p>The consequence of stimulating financial speculation is that today’s authorities are attempting to make the financial markets into a lotto-like game, rather than a market for long-term investment. To make the financial markets into liquid and volatile public “games” means that the <i>risks</i> involved in the financial speculation are created by the human hand and the economic system<i> itself</i> rather than being naturally given. This places <i>desire</i> rather than rational <i>needs</i> as the fundamental ground of the economy. The concluding question is; why are we making our economy into a game? </p>
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Sjödin, Ulrika. "Insiders' outside/outsiders' inside : rethinking the insider regulation /." Stockholm : School of Business, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-944.

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MacDonald, JoAnne M. "The regulation of insider trading : a comparative analysis of the liability of non-traditional insiders." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66233.

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Mkwananzi, Sizalobuhle Sibongumuzi Mpo. "Theoretical and practical difficulties in regulating insider trading in South Africa and possible mechanisms of improvement of shortcomings in the regulatory framework." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76676.

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Anti-insider trading provisions were initially enacted to inter alia; enhance confidence in South African financial markets by contributing to the maintenance of a stable financial market environment by promoting the international competitiveness of investors in securities services in the country. In attempts to determine whether the Insider trading regulations are indeed effective at deterring insider trading contraventions as well as enforcing contraventions thereof, the research will subsequently examine the relevant legislation which pertains to insider trading in South Africa as well as analyse any definitional ambiguities and difficulties caused therein. Wherefore other than where the definitions in the legislation is lacking, the research will further discuss what additional problems are drawn from the current legislative insider trading framework. An analysis will be done regarding the difficulties experienced by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority (hereafter the FSCA or the Regulator) as the entity responsible for the supervision of compliance with market abuse provisions in discharging of its duties as a result of the current legislation and/or the lack of clarity therefore. A comparative study will consequently be conducted in the research to establish how Australia has arguably become acknowledged to have the most progressive and developed market abuse legislation in the world compared to that of South Africa. Ultimately, recommendations will be presented using the above comparisons on what mechanisms can be adopted to improve on South Africa’s regulation of insider trading.<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM (Corporate Law))--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Mercantile Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
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Mersinis, Michail G. "The regulation of insider dealing in the European Union." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491663.

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Dunwiddie, Louisa. "Perspectives on Insider Trading Regulation: Examining Economic and Ethical Implications." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1056.

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This paper will discuss arguments for and against the regulation of insider trading, examining economic discussions of efficiency and philosophical outlines of justice based arguments. I will also outline the development of legislation in the United States over the last century, and examine recent events in order to identify the current sentiments regarding government prosecution. The most efficient outcome for the market is found through actions guided by justice. By using regulation as a restraint to unbounded self-interest, investor confidence in the fairness of the market remains high and individuals are protected from abuses to their property and rights.
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Cho, In-ho. "An evaluation of insider trading regulation in the Republic of Korea : what are the policy considerations and what is necessary for Korea to strengthen insider trading regulation? /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9616.

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Bartholow, Janet Lee Hahn. "An Empirical Study of Insider Behaviors: Affiliated Insiders, and Legislative and Enforcement Efforts." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1511537806198499.

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Tseng, Yun-Hsuan. "Global greed and local crimes : financial crime in an emergent economy (case study of Taiwan ROC)." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320541.

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Albelooshi, Abdulsalam. "The regulation of insider dealing : an applied and comparative legal study towards reform in the UAE." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/47094.

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Insider dealing on the basis of inside information has been identified as an action against the principle of equal access to information for all those who need such information to make investment decisions. This thesis examines the regulation of insider dealing in financial markets. It analyses in particular the problem of the regulation of insider dealing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the shortcomings of this regulation and how it can be improved. The primary objective of the thesis is to offer reasonable recommendations for the reform of insider dealing in the UAE. There have been controversies regarding whether insider dealing should be regulated, the basis of such regulation and the form in which the law should intervene. This thesis has attempted to provide its own approach to the problem of insider dealing. This approach forwards the proposition that allowing insider dealing on the basis of inside information is against the principle of equal access to information and it is detrimental to market transparency. Based on this proposition, the thesis investigates the shortcomings of the current regulation of insider dealing in the UAE. Following this the applied study, which consists of a questionnaire and interviews conducted in the UAE, provides a clearer picture of the current regulation in the country. The study aims at measuring opinions and attitudes of investors and other experts towards the basis and effectiveness of the regulation of insider dealing in local markets in the UAE. This is followed by a legal comparative study. This is both a ‘macro-comparison’ and a ‘micro-comparison’ between the regulation of insider dealing in the jurisdictions of the US, the UK and the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC). The ‘macro-comparison’ draws conclusions from comparing the broader systems of regulation in the three jurisdictions. The ‘micro-comparison’ concentrates on a functional comparison between the specific rules related to insider dealing. The legal comparative study is combined with the information generated by the applied study. Together these provide solutions (represented as recommendations) for the reform of the UAE larger system of regulation, and amendments to the rules related to insider dealing.
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Books on the topic "Insider regulation"

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Langevoort, Donald C. Insider trading: Regulation, enforcement & prevention. West Group, 2002.

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Langevoort, Donald C. Insider trading: Regulation, enforcement, and prevention. Clark Boardman Callaghan, 1991.

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Maher, Michael D. Regulation O: Insider lending compliance guide. American Bankers Association, Center for Legal and Regulatory Compliance, 1995.

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Kang, Shew Meng. The regulation of insider trading in Malaysia. Malayan Law Journal Sdn. Bhd., 2000.

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Suter, Jacqueline A. C. The regulation of insider dealing in Britain. Butterworths, 1989.

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Securities regulation. 2nd ed. M. Bender, 1993.

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Steinberg, Marc I. Securities regulation. M. Bender, 1986.

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Steinberg, Marc I. Securities regulation. 3rd ed. M. Bender, 1998.

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Steinberg, Marc I. Securities regulation. 5th ed. LexisNexis, 2008.

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Steinberg, Marc I. Securities regulation. 4th ed. LexisNexis, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Insider regulation"

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Moosa, Imad A. "Good Regulation: Payday Loans, Securitisation and Insider Trading." In Good Regulation, Bad Regulation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137447104_4.

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Overland, Juliette. "The regulation of insider trading." In Corporate Liability for Insider Trading. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098210-2.

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Weiping, He. "Insider Trading and Investor Protection." In The Regulation of Securities Markets in China. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56742-0_5.

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Seredyńska, Iwona. "Alternative Models of Regulation of Insider Dealing." In Insider Dealing and Criminal Law. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22857-5_4.

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Springler, Elisabeth. "Bank Lending and Regulation in Insider Financial Systems: A Theoretical Assessment." In Aspects of Modern Monetary and Macroeconomic Policies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230627345_5.

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McCahery, Joseph. "Market Regulation and Particularistic Interests: The Dynamics of Insider Trading Regulation in the US and Europe." In The New World Order in International Finance. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25315-9_3.

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Rauf, Usman, Mohamed Shehab, Nafees Qamar, and Sheema Sameen. "Bio-inspired Approach to Thwart Against Insider Threats: An Access Control Policy Regulation Framework." In Bio-inspired Information and Communication Technologies. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24202-2_4.

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Starikov, Alexander. "Adaption of World Experience in Insider Dealing Regulation to the Specifity of the Russian Market." In Market Risk and Financial Markets Modeling. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27931-7_20.

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Lodge, Martin, and Kai Wegrich. "Regulation Inside Government." In Managing Regulation. Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26552-4_7.

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Donaldson, Julie, and Nava Segev. "Regulation and Coordination of Intracellular Trafficking: An Overview." In Trafficking Inside Cells. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93877-6_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Insider regulation"

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Jiang, Huadong. "Insider Trading Regulation and the Distribution of Securities Market Profit." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5578278.

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Ulrich, Patrick, and Dennis Anselmann. "Insider trading on the German capital market — Can insiders achieve excess returns through their information advantage?" In Corporate governance: A search for emerging trends in the pandemic times. Virtus Interpress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsetpt17.

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This study investigates whether corporate insiders can generate excess returns on the German capital market due to their information advantage. This is done with the help of an event study based on a market model that estimates the expected returns. Furthermore, the effect size of individual aspects is examined in a multiple regression. It is shown that insiders can achieve short-term excess returns of up to 2.1% after purchases and of up to -2.95% after sales. Moreover, these are strikingly high for, relative to market capitalization, transactions of smaller firms and transactions of other executives. The greatest influence on the excess return of a transaction is the market capitalization of the company in the case of buy transactions, while the excess return of sell transactions is largely determined by the share of trading volume in the outstanding shares. An imitation of insider transactions by outsiders may allow for excess returns, but this strongly depends on the share to be traded due to the bid-ask spread as well as the trading commissions. Despite the existence of regulation, it is evident that insiders can achieve significant excess returns, presumably on the basis of non-public information
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DIRITA, VICTOR J., N. CARY ENGLEBERG, ANDREW HEATH, ALITA MILLER, J. ADAM CRAWFORD, and ROSA YU. "VIRULENCE GENE REGULATION INSIDE AND OUTSIDE." In The Activities of Bacterial Pathogens in Vivo - Based on Contributions to a Royal Society Discussion Meeting. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848161610_0010.

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Sodek, Jaro, Baoqian Zhu, Ron Zohar, et al. "REGULATION OF OSTEOPONTIN: THE INSIDE STORY." In 3rd International Conference on Osteopontin and SIBLING (Small Integrin-Binding Ligand, N-linked Glycoprotein) Proteins, 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.261.

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Meinert, David, Dane Peterson, John Criswell, and Martin Crossland. "Would Regulation of Web Site Privacy Policy Statements Increase Consumer Trust?" In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2952.

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Proponents of e-commerce have known for some time that limited participation by consumers partially reflects their concern over the privacy of personal information. To address consumer concerns, web site operators have employed security mechanisms, including privacy policy statements to increase their perceived trustworthiness. While empirical evidence is limited, there is some question regarding the ability of privacy policy statements to engender significantly greater levels of trust. The limited effectiveness of such statements may reflect their voluntary implementation, self-enforcement, and\or significant variance (protection and enforcement) from one web site to another. One possible remedy would be the imposition of legally mandated statements. This study examined the efficacy of legally mandated privacy policies vis-a-vis both voluntary statements of varying degrees of protection and the absence of any such statement. The results were mixed, as legally mandated privacy policy statements were found to be comparable to strong voluntary statements, but superior to none, weak or moderate policies. Perhaps more important, the nature of the privacy policy statement interacted with type of information requested.
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Jhalli, Gursharan Singh. "Providing Concealed Connections in Kitchens and Confined Areas Having No Provision of Natural Ventilation." In ASME 2019 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2019-4521.

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The Government of India is promoting usage of PNG in cities and metros in big way which has opened up newer opportunities &amp; challenges for the CGD industry especially catering to Domestic, Commercial &amp; Industrial Consumers meeting the existing regulations &amp; statutory provisions. As per the Provisions of Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (Technical Standards and Specifications including Safety Standards for City or Local Natural Gas Distribution Networks) T4S Regulations domestic piping should be in ventilated area. However, currently there is no clear-cut technical guidelines for installation of piping downstream to consumer meter in concealed location and confined spaces. This study suggests guidelines provided in various codes &amp; standards and the practical approaches adopted in various countries for installation of the pipe-work between the Service Regulator (SR) up to and including the steel reinforced rubber hose installed inside the kitchen of the domestic customer, and includes the risers and laterals systems supplying gas to high rise multi occupancy buildings (domestic premises), to facilitate supply of gas to the domestic customers.
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A. VanLengen, Craig. "Sarbanes-Oxlev Act of 2002 and IT Education." In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2916.

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Even though information technology (IT) educators have been teaching basic principles of information systems for over 20 years, business organizations have chosen to ignore or not implement them. By not integrating information systems and allowing uncontrolled manual intervention it was easier to commit the frauds and the financial scandals of the late 1990’s and early 2000’s. The frauds and financial scandals have resulted in a large increase in business regulation with many compliance requirements and possible fines and jail sentences for non-compliance. IT educators need to take some lessons from their accounting colleagues (Titard, 2004) and modify IT curriculum to take advantage of the compliance environment to focus on the basic principles of creating quality up-to-date information for organization decision making and to see them implemented.
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Wu, Jia-yi, Yang Yue, Jia-ming Yang, Zhi-jiang Jin, and Jin-yuan Qian. "Fluid Dynamics Investigation on the Body Structure Inside a Sleeve Regulating Valve." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20153.

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Abstract The sleeve regulating valve is a typical flow regulating component, which is indispensable in various industrial applications. This work investigates the effects of the body structure on the overall performance and the flow characteristic of a sleeve regulating valve. The anterior cavity h, the diameter of the center cavity Dc, and the eccentricity of the center cavity e are studied in a parametric way. When the relative increment of h, Dc, and e all take the value of 0.15, the rated flow coefficient Kve of the optimized valve is promoted by 33.99% relative to the Kve of the original model. The optimized model presents less wear between the valve core and the sleeve relative to the original model. It results from the fact that the non-centrosymmetric pressure distribution is reduced on the valve core. Besides, the optimized model has smaller lateral fluid force imposed on the valve core FL than the original model when the relative travel L/Lmax &amp;gt; 0.625, and they have close FL in the other range. Also, the optimized model has larger axial fluid force imposed on the valve core FA than the original model when L/Lmax &amp;gt; 0.875, and they have close FA in the other range.
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Clauss, Gu¨nther F., Florian Sprenger, and Sascha Kosleck. "Numerical Analyses of Scaling Effects and the Flow Field Inside an Innovative Sea State Independent Oil Skimming System: SOS." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20146.

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Abstract:
Due to improved regulations and high safety standards, the quantity of oil spilled in tanker accidents is notably decreasing over the last years. Despite this progress, the factor of human failure and hence the eventuality of an oil spill with catastrophic ecological and economical consequences can never be excluded. Current oil recovery systems are able to operate in wave heights up to 1.5 m. In severe weather they have to wait until conditions are improving. To prevent emulsification and weathering processes, it is necessary to skim the oil film off the sea surface shortly after the accident. This can only be achieved by an oil recovery system with high transit velocities on the one side, and the capability of operating in rough seas on the other side. A Sea state-independent Oil Skimming System (SOS) that satisfies these requirements has been developed and gradually optimized in various numerical and experimental analyses. The skimming process was already successfully validated in compliance with Froude’s law, but scaling effects were observed. In order to understand the complex flow phenomena around and through the SOS, numerical analyses based on a RANSE/VOF (Reynold-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations / Volume Of Fluid) approach are conducted. Here, in addition to Froude’s and Morton’s law, viscous effects and the physical characteristics of oil and water are also scaled correctly according to Reynolds’ law. The results of these investigations present essential information for the transfer of the entire oil skimming process to full scale. This paper presents a further step of development towards a marketable system (see Fig. 1). The latest innovations — which are already applied for a patent — comprise a hermetically closed moon pool with pressure regulation and a hatch system with separate inlet and outlet flaps. In addition to the improved hull strength, this new design enables better individual control of the oil skimming process — hence the efficiency in dependency of environmental conditions — by pressure control of the water fluid level inside the moon pool.
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10

Hartmann, Monika, Liseth Parra, Sandra Schubert, et al. "Abstract 1577: Inside-out regulation of ectodomain protease accessibility in the release of cytokines." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1577.

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