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Journal articles on the topic 'Inspection and test plan'
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1
Kaushik, Arun. "A Progressive Interval Type-I Censored Life Test Plan for Rayleigh Distribution." Austrian Journal of Statistics 48, no. 3 (January 26, 2019): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17713/ajs.v48i3.781.
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In this paper, we have considered the problem of optimal inspection times for the progressive interval type-I censoring scheme where uncertainty in the process is governed by the two-parameter Rayleigh distribution. Here, we also introduced some optimality criterion and determined the optimum inspection times, accordingly. The effect of the number of inspections and choice of optimally spaced inspection times based on the asymptotic relative efficiencies of the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters are also investigated. Further, we have discussed the optimal progressive type-I interval censoring plan when the inspection times and the expected proportions of total failures in the experiment are under control.
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Jose, K. K., and Jeena Joseph. "Reliability Test Plan for the Gumbel-Uniform Distribution." Stochastics and Quality Control 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eqc-2017-0011.
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Abstract Reliability sampling plans are used for determining the acceptability of any product. In this paper, reliability sampling plans for acceptance or rejection of a lot of products submitted for inspection are developed when the lifetimes follow the Gumbel-uniform distribution. The sampling plan proposed here can save the test time in practical situations. Some tables are also provided for the new sampling plans so that this method can be used conveniently by practitioners. Operating characteristic values and minimum ratios of the true value and the required value of the parameter with a given producers risk with respect to the newly developed sampling plans are also presented. The new test plan is applied to ordered failure times of software release to illustrate its use in industrial contexts.
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Liang, Ce, Jian Wei Yao, Ke Xin Zhang, and Ze Ping Zhao. "Railway Equipment Reliability Test Based on Weibull Distribution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.340.
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This paper presents a new approach for reliability test sampling plan of Railway equipment. Based on the interval censored failure data, the mean rank order method is used for data pre-process and the least square method is used for fitting the parameters of Weibull distribution, where, the best estimations of distribution parameters are derived. The sampling inspection plan for interval censored data is established when the lifetime follows the Weibull distribution. In the case study, we applied the proposed method to design the reliability test sampling plan of an electric multiple units.
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Rui, Yang, Mou Ruifang, and Jiang Feng. "A High-Speed Train Operation Plan Inspection Simulation Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9202986.
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We developed a train operation simulation tool to inspect a train operation plan. In applying an improved Petri Net, the train was regarded as a token, and the line and station were regarded as places, respectively, in accordance with the high-speed train operation characteristics and network function. Location change and running information transfer of the high-speed train were realized by customizing a variety of transitions. The model was built based on the concept of component combination, considering the random disturbance in the process of train running. The simulation framework can be generated quickly and the system operation can be completed according to the different test requirements and the required network data. We tested the simulation tool when used for the real-world Wuhan to Guangzhou high-speed line. The results showed that the proposed model can be developed, the simulation results basically coincide with the objective reality, and it can not only test the feasibility of the high-speed train operation plan, but also be used as a support model to develop the simulation platform with more capabilities.
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Tamirat, Yeneneh, Fu-Kwun Wang, and Yen-Chih Chen. "Sampling Schemes by Variables Inspection for the First-Order Autoregressive Model between Linear Profiles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3189412.
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We present four new sampling schemes by variables inspection to deal with the first-order autoregressive model between linear profiles. The first plan is based on exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and the rest of three plans are using the resubmitted sampling, repetitive group sampling (RGS), and multiple dependent state (MDS) sampling schemes. The nonlinear optimization problem is developed to find the number of profiles and the corresponding acceptance criteria, such that the producer’s and consumer’s risk are satisfied simultaneously. The efficiency of the proposed plans is compared with the conventional single sampling plan in terms of average sample number and the probability of acceptance. The result implies that all of the proposed sampling plans are superior to the single acceptance sampling plan by variables. In addition, the EWMA method appeared to be better than the others. The applications of proposed plans are shown with the help of industrial examples taken from calibration of an optical imaging system, and tire cornering stiffness test.
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Eskandari, Davood, Hossein Charkhand, and Abdollah Gholami. "A Semi-quantitative Approach Development for Risk-based Inspection in a Petrochemical Plant." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, E (August 25, 2020): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4391.
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BACKGROUND: Recently, oil and gas industries have focused on risk-based methods to specifically compile inspection, maintenance, and management strategies worldwide.
AIM: The provided method in this study is a management tool to recognize and then prioritize the equipment’s risks and, consequently, propose an inspection plan based on these risks. In fact, it is a risk analysis aspect of an inspection plan for industrial equipment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is performed on de-ethanizer unit, considering variety of process equipment including distillation tower, exchanger, pressure vessel, drum, and related piping. To initiate the study, first, the risk-based inspection (RBI) team formed, then all required data were gathered and 22 equipment were identified based on the method.
RESULTS: After RBI be performed and risks are estimated, 13.6% of equipment rated on high risk, 63.63% rated on medium risk, and 22.72% rated on low-risk classification. Based on specific risk criteria for equipment, we determined new parameters as inspection level and type of inspection and finally integrated them. As one of the obtained results, the overhaul maintenance of the unit was postponed to a later time and for equipment that should inspect before this year, reduction risk strategy and advance none distractive test defined, and their inspection time also postpone to 2015 from 2012 to 2013.
CONCLUSION: This decision results in saving a shutdown cost, inspection cost, reduction of failure, and increasing of equipment reliability factor. The result of this study will be helpful to assist similar industries improving their risk management plans.
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Huang, Ji Da, Li Yuan Wang, Long Zheng, and Wu Chen. "Combining Boolean Model with Improved PCA for Analyzing Purified Water Security." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1363.
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According to the companies' purified water testing data, this paper established a product Boolean test model and used principal component analysis for analyzing security risk of purified water, and then based on probability theory, this paper set the distribution of testing batches to help the inspection department attaining the optimal sampling plan in the limited funding inspection.
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Appaia, Loganathan, Padmanaban Muthu Krishnan, and Sankaran Kalaiselvi. "Determination of Bayesian reliability sampling plans based on exponential-inverted gamma distribution." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 31, no. 8 (August 26, 2014): 950–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-08-2013-0138.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is the determination of reliability sampling plans in the Bayesian approach assuming that the lifetime distribution is exponential. Design/methodology/approach – Sampling plans are used in manufacturing companies as a tool for carrying out sampling inspections, in order to make decisions about the disposition of many finished products. If the quality characteristic is considered as the lifetime of the products, the plan is known as a reliability sampling plan. In life testing, censoring schemes are adopted in order to save time and cost of life test. The inverted gamma distribution is employed as the natural conjugate prior to the average lifetime of the products. The sampling plans are developed assuming various probability distributions to the lifetime of the products. Findings – The optimum plans n and c are obtained for some sets of values of (p1, a, p2, ß). The selection of sampling plans is illustrated through numerical examples. Originality/value – Results obtained in this paper are original and the study has been done for the first time in this regard. Reliability sampling plans are essential for making decisions either to accept or reject based on the inspection of the sample.
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Jose, K. K., and Albin Paul. "Reliability Test Plans for Percentiles Based on the Harris Generalized Linear Exponential Distribution." Stochastics and Quality Control 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eqc-2017-0025.
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Abstract In this paper, a generalization of the Harris family of distributions, namely, the Harris generalized linear exponential distribution is discussed. The use of the model is established by fitting it to a real data set. Also, we derive a reliability test plan for acceptance or rejection of a lot of products submitted for inspection with lifetimes following this distribution.
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Kim, Yong Sik, Seung Han Yang, Byung Sik Yoon, and Hee Jong Lee. "Comparison between Conventional and Performance Demonstration UT Method by Round Robin Test." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1754.
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The results of ultrasonic testing performed during in-service inspection period for main components of nuclear power plant are affected by the performance of each inspector. To enhance the inspection reliability, the more restrictive qualification is required. KEPRI established Korean performance demonstration (KPD) system for the ultrasonic testing personnel, equipment and procedure which applied to the piping examination of nuclear power plant. A round robin test was conducted to evaluate the reliability of examination result by comparing conventional (DAC) UT and performance demonstration (PD) UT method. Participants took detection/length sizing test and depth sizing test using DAC method and PD method. The results showed that the PD method was preciser and more accurate than the conventional DAC method in length and depth sizing regardless of field experience and PD qualification status.
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YANO, Yutaro, and Masayuki OKUGAWA. "Feasibility Study of Standard Test Method for Visual Inspection by Public Infrastructure/Plant Inspection Robot." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2020 (August 25, 2020): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2020.442.
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Abdulhameed, Osama, Abdurahman Mushabab Al-Ahmari, Wadea Ameen, and Syed Hammad Mian. "Novel dynamic CAPP system for hybrid additive–subtractive–inspection process." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 988–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2017-0239.
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Purpose Hybrid manufacturing technologies combining individual processes can be recognized as one of the most cogent developments in recent times. As a result of integrating additive, subtractive and inspection processes within a single system, the relative benefits of each process can be exploited. This collaboration uses the strength of the individual processes, while decreasing the shortcomings and broadening the application areas. Notwithstanding its numerous advantages, the implementation of hybrid technology is typically affected by the limited process planning methods. The process planning methods proficient at effectively using manufacturing sources for hybridization are notably restrictive. Hence, this paper aims to propose a computer-aided process planning system for hybrid additive, subtractive and inspection processes. A dynamic process plan has been developed, wherein an online process control with intelligent and autonomous characteristics, as well as the feedback from the inspection, is utilized. Design/methodology/approach In this research, a computer-aided process planning system for hybrid additive, subtractive and inspection process has been proposed. A framework based on the integration of three phases has been designed and implemented. The first phase has been developed for the generation of alternative plans or different scenarios depending on machining parameters, the amount of material to be added and removed in additive and subtractive manufacturing, etc. The primary objective in this phase has been to conduct set-up planning, process selection, process sequencing, selection of machine parameters, etc. The second phase is aimed at the identification of the optimum scenario or plan. Findings To accomplish this goal, economic models for additive and subtractive manufacturing were used. The objective of the third phase was to generate a dynamic process plan depending on the inspection feedback. For this purpose, a multi-agent system has been used. The multi-agent system has been used to achieve intelligence and autonomy of different phases. Practical implications A case study has been developed to test and validate the proposed algorithm and establish the performance of the proposed system. Originality/value The major contribution of this work is the novel dynamic computer-aided process planning system for the hybrid process. This hybrid process is not limited by the shortcomings of the constituent processes in terms of tool accessibility and support volume. It has been established that the hybrid process together with an appropriate computer-aided process plan provides an effective solution to accurately fabricate a variety of complex parts.
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Park, Sang Ki, Doo Song Gil, Yeon Shik Ahn, and Yong Sang Cho. "The Study of Field Application of Digital Radiography Testing for Power Plant Weldments." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.105.
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Since Power Plant has tens of thousands welded parts in its structures, the quality on the welded parts are always a key factor for ensuring the reliability of the structures. Film based Radiography Test (hereinafter called “FRT”) is a generally accepted solution in inspecting the welded structure. However, the RT demands complex workflow, high cost, hazardous waste disposal, and etc…. In an effort to get over such shortcomings from FRT and present alternative inspection tools, this study was intended to evaluate a Digital Radiography Test (hereinafter called “DRT”). In this study, the evaluation were focused on if a DRT is applicable to the inspection of Welded structure in Power Plants, and what benefits can be generated in a use of DRT.
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Tal, David. "From the Open Skies Proposal of 1955 to the Norstad Plan of 1960: A Plan Too Far." Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 4 (October 2008): 66–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.4.66.
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A proposal drafted by General Lauris Norstad for the creation of a limited inspection zone in Central Europe and in the Arctic Circle—a proposal that came to be known as the Norstad Plan—evolved out of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Open Skies proposal. The proposal, based on ideas promoted by Eisenhower's disarmament adviser, Harold Stassen, departed from traditional U.S. disarmament policy. The plan was eventually aborted by West Germany and France, but the document heralded a shift in Eisenhower's disarmament policy. The president was ready to give up the all-or-nothing approach and adopt an incremental approach. To this end, the United States would make concessions that would render U.S. proposals more acceptable to the Soviet Union. The plan adumbrated the conceptual change that paved the way for the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
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EROL, S. Seçkin, and Cemal MERAN. "Inspection of artificially built mechanical failures through innovative condition monitoring techniques." ITM Web of Conferences 22 (2018): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182201025.
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In this study, the factors influence on root causes of failure initiation are examined with the original test implementation and condition monitoring techniques are emphasized. In working toward this goal, the laboratory test setups and tests which have been created by international research bodies are examined and in order to practise a new research work, a unique test setup system and a test plan is built. In this target of the root cause failure detection, vibration data at radial direction and electrical consumption data are collected through the analysis by comparing two different condition monitoring techniques. In this research, fault detection in modeling fault conditions and vibration, electrical consumption measurement have been let us examination in depth. During the tests, data are collected simultaneously in vibration by four-channel Data Acquisition Card (DAC) and electrical consumption by Motor Condition Monitoring (MCM) system which are integrated with an computer system. Respect to the study results; vibration analysis in detection of defects has been judged to be more successful in comparison with electric consumption analysis under the test conditions in perspective of condition based predictive maintenanceIn the study, it is mentioned that detection of failure initiations at sensitive levels and importance of consequent results.
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Ahmad, Nesar, Ariful Islam, and Abdus Salam. "Analysis of optimal accelerated life test plans for periodic inspection." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 23, no. 8 (October 2006): 1019–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710610688194.
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de Andrade Silva, Bruno César, Mauricio Saldanha Motta, and José Eduardo Ferreira de Oliveira. "Development of a Methodology to Determine Thickness Measurement Uncertainties by Ultrasonic Test in Aerospace Parts." Materials Science Forum 758 (June 2013): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.758.89.
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In the aerospace industry, each year several commercial airplanes stop its service to carry out detailed routine inspections of their structural members and systems, including the power plant. Among several maintenance services to be performed in an airplane during a check, the corrosion prevention and control program is the one of the most important service since it includes methods of inspection and tasks to prevent corrosion in all airplane structural areas, such as fuselage, wings, stabilizers, flight control surfaces etc. During routine inspections, upon discrepancy detection, some actions must be immediately taken in order to correct the problem and avoid the loss of airplane structural strength. The corrosion removal from any aircraft structural member, in general consists in blending out the damage and carry out a visual and ND inspection (e.g. remaining thickness measurement by ultrasonic test). However, all care must be taken during remaining thickness measurement since systematic and random errors can affect in the results, compromising the final quality of measured parts. The main purpose of this paper is to perform an experimental study of remaining thickness measurement in an aircraft outer wing skin after corrosion removal, objecting to determine the uncertainty sources of the usual method. Also, the study intends to determine the expanded uncertainty in order to purpose a new methodology for the metrological treatment of this process, establishing a conformity zone.
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Chen, Zhen, Shuo Li, and Ershun Pan. "Optimal Constant-Stress Accelerated Degradation Test Plans Using Nonlinear Generalized Wiener Process." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9283295.
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Accelerated degradation test (ADT) has been widely used to assess highly reliable products’ lifetime. To conduct an ADT, an appropriate degradation model and test plan should be determined in advance. Although many historical studies have proposed quite a few models, there is still room for improvement. Hence we propose a Nonlinear Generalized Wiener Process (NGWP) model with consideration of the effects of stress level, product-to-product variability, and measurement errors for a higher estimation accuracy and a wider range of use. Then under the constraints of sample size, test duration, and test cost, the plans of constant-stress ADT (CSADT) with multiple stress levels based on the NGWP are designed by minimizing the asymptotic variance of the reliability estimation of the products under normal operation conditions. An optimization algorithm is developed to determine the optimal stress levels, the number of units allocated to each level, inspection frequency, and measurement times simultaneously. In addition, a comparison based on degradation data of LEDs is made to show better goodness-of-fit of the NGWP than that of other models. Finally, optimal two-level and three-level CSADT plans under various constraints and a detailed sensitivity analysis are demonstrated through examples in this paper.
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Irek, P., and J. Słania. "Material Factors in Relation to Development Time in Liquid-Penetrant Inspection. Part 2. Investigation Programme and Preliminary Tests." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0276.
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Abstract The paper is the continuation of the previous one entitled “Material factors in relation to development time in liquid-penetrant inspection. Part 1. Material factors” in which the material factors influencing essentially the development time in penetrant testing have been marked out. These are: type of material, surface roughness and imperfection width. In the paper it has been described how to prepare the factorial plan which will enable to test every factor with taking into account its different values. Moreover, it has been presented investigations on natural cracks, their width and roughness profile what will allow to assign suitable values of independent variables to the factorial plan. The purpose of the plan prepared in such a way will be the determination of the influence of the material kind, surface roughness and discontinuity width on the development time in penetrant testing.
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Martin, Gary. "Acoustic Emission for Tank Bottom Monitoring." Key Engineering Materials 558 (June 2013): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.558.445.
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Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring is an effective tool for prioritising more conventional non-destructive inspections of above ground tanks, either process or storage vessels. Results obtained from AE monitoring may be assessed against an existing data bank permitting plant management to prioritise maintenance to tanks with high active corrosion rates or leaks. AE results may be used to extend inspection periods of tanks without leaks or active corrosion.This paper briefly covers the theory of AE leak detection and corrosion monitoring including some background research into the difference between AE from corrosion and leaks. It looks at the equipment used and provides a summary of tank test results conducted by ATTAR and other overseas organisations as well as reviewing AE tank inspection economics.
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Martin, Gary, John Dimopoulos, and John Cacic. "Acoustic Emission for Tank Bottom Monitoring." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.499.
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Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring is an effective tool for prioritising more conventional non-destructive inspections of above ground tanks, either process or storage vessels. Results obtained from AE monitoring may be assessed against an existing data bank permitting plant management to prioritise maintenance to tanks with high active corrosion rates or leaks. AE results may be used to extend inspection periods of tanks without leaks or active corrosion. This paper covers the theory of AE leak detection and corrosion monitoring including some background research into the difference between AE from corrosion and leaks. It looks at the equipment used and provides a summary of tank test results conducted by ATTAR and other overseas organisations as well as reviewing AE tank inspection economics.
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Jose, K. K., Lishamol Tomy, and Sophia P. Thomas. "On a Generalization of the Weibull Distribution and Its Application in Quality Control." Stochastics and Quality Control 33, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eqc-2018-0011.
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Abstract In this article, a generalization of the Weibull distribution called Harris extended Weibull distribution is studied, and its properties are discussed. We fit the distribution to a real-life data set to show the applicability of this distribution in reliability modeling. Also, we derive a reliability test plan for acceptance or rejection of a lot of products submitted for inspection with lifetimes following this distribution. The operating characteristic functions of the sampling plans are obtained. The producer’s risk, minimum sample sizes and associated characteristics are computed and presented in tables. The results are illustrated using two data sets on ordered failure times of products as well as failure times of ball bearings.
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Huang, Xu, Li, and Wu. "Improved Visual Inspection Through 3D Image Reconstruction of Defects Based on the Photometric Stereo Technique." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 4970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224970.
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. Visual inspections of nuclear power plant (NPP) reactors are important for understanding current NPP conditions. Unfortunately, the existing visual inspection methods only provide limited two-dimensional (2D) information due to a loss of depth information, which can lead to errors identifying defects. However, the high cost of developing new equipment can be avoided by using advanced data processing technology with existing equipment. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) photometric stereo (PS) reconstruction technique is introduced to recover the lost depth information in NPP images. The system uses conventional inspection equipment, equipped with a camera and four light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The 3D data of the object surface are obtained by capturing images under multiple light sources oriented in different directions. The proposed method estimates the light directions and intensities for various image pixels in order to reduce the limitation of light calibration, which results in improved performance. This novel technique is employed to test specimens with various defects under laboratory conditions, revealing promising results. This study provides a new visual inspection method for NPP reactors.
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Ge, Zheng Zheng, Xiao Yang Li, Jing Rui Zhang, and Tong Min Jiang. "Planning of Step-Stress Accelerated Degradation Test with Stress Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.404.
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For highly-reliable products, Accelerated Degradation Testing (ADT) data can provide useful reliability information. Moreover, Step-Stress Accelerated Degradation Testing (SSADT) usually requires a less sample size, shorter time and less cost than Constant-Stress Accelerated Degradation Testing (CSADT). However, in designing an efficient SSADT, the issue about how to choose accelerated stress level was seldom discussed. In this study, first we use drift Brownian motion to model a typical SSADT performance degradation process. Then, under the situation that total experiment cost is not given while the sample size, total test time and the interval of performance inspection are specified, our objective is to minimize the asymptotic variance of the estimation of the reliability of the pth quantile of product’s lifetime under use condition. Form the derivation of our objective, we find a way to improve the speed of optimal algorithm for SSADT. The optimal plan can give the stress levels and test time at each stress level. Finally a simulation example is used to illustrate the proposed method.
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Kim, Young H., Sung Jin Song, Jin Soo Hur, Eui Lae Kim, Chang Jae Yim, Young Hwan Choi, Suk Chull Kang, and Myung Ho Song. "Inversion of Eddy Current Test Signals Obtained from Steam Generator Tubes." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2219.
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Eddy current testing (ECT) is widely used in in-service inspection as well as pre-service inspection of the steam generator (SG) tubes in nuclear power plant of pressurized water reactor type. The interpretation of ECT signals, however, is truly a difficult task so that the reliability enhancement of signal interpretation is strongly desired. An enhanced interpretation tools for ECT signals have been developed by the novel combination of neural networks and finite element modeling for quantitative flaw characterization SG tubes. A database was constructed using synthetic ECT signals generated by the finite element models and principal component analysis (PCA) was adopted in order to optimize the feature set of ECT signals. The improvement in the performances by the features with PCA and the excellent performance for the experimental ECT signals demonstrate the high potential of the developed inversion tools for reliable interpretation of eddy current signals. To explore the possibility of applying the developed approach in practical inspection, we developed an automated system (laboratory prototype) that can acquire experimental ECT signals from SG tubes and carry out the quantitative flaw characterization in a real time fashion by applying the approach developed in the present work.
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Aslam, Muhammad, and Osama Arif. "Testing of Grouped Product for the Weibull Distribution Using Neutrosophic Statistics." Symmetry 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10090403.
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Parts manufacturers use sudden death testing to reduce the testing time of experiments. The sudden death testing plan in the literature can only be applied when all observations of failure time/parameters are crisp. In practice however, it is noted that not all measurements of continuous variables are precise. Therefore, the existing sudden death test plan can be applied if failure data/or parameters are imprecise, incomplete, and fuzzy. The classical statistics have the special case of neutrosophic statistics when there are no fuzzy observations/parameters. The neutrosophic fuzzy statistics can be applied for the testing of manufacturing parts when observations are imprecise, incomplete and fuzzy. In this paper, we will design an original neutrosophic fuzzy sudden death testing plan for the inspection/testing of the electronic product or parts manufacturing. We will assume that the lifetime of the product follows the neutrosophic fuzzy Weibull distribution. The neutrosophic fuzzy operating function will be given and used to determine the neutrosophic fuzzy plan parameters through a neutrosophic fuzzy optimization problem. The results of the proposed neutrosophic fuzzy death testing plan will be implemented with the aid of an example.
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Basri, Nur Maisurah Hassan, Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari, and Adzly Anuar. "Development of a Robotic Boiler Header Inspection Device with Redundant Localization System." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, no. 3 (May 20, 2014): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0451.
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A pipe inspection robot, called a boiler header inspection robot (BHIR), is presented in this paper. The BHIR was designed specifically to inspect the inner surfaces of horizontal boiler header pipes in a thermal power plant in Malaysia that is owned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The main challenge was the geometry of a boiler header pipe: the entry diameter is significantly smaller than the diameter of the main pipe body. Currently, there are two versions of the BHIR: 1) the first version, BHIR-I, which was developed for use in manual inspections by carrying a borescope camera inside a boiler header pipe, and 2) the second version, BHIR-II, which has an onboard visual inspection system that can inspect pipes and acquire images independently. The robot was designed to be able to navigate through the pipe geometry. A unique redundant localization system that uses an accelerometer and encoder sensor was developed to ensure that the robot knows the location of the images taken and its own position inside the boiler header pipe. This paper discusses the prototype development, the localization system and site testing conducted to validate the prototype. Based on the test results, the BHIR prototype with redundant localization was proven to be successful.
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Zhang, Tao, Wen Xu, and Wei Long Sun. "Research on Using Track Quality Index (TQI) to Reasonably Arrange Line Maintenance and Repair Cycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1303.
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Combined with the test data from track inspection car in some section of Lan-Xin railway, the paper researches the application of TQI in guiding line maintenance and repair. Analyze the changing trends of rail operation quality according to the statistical data, put forward calculation method of the average line deterioration index to the particular section, predict the track quality life and the maintenance cycle, and reasonably arrange the maintenance and repair time during line overhaul. By accurately using the value of TQI to guiding line maintenance and repair, rationally plan the best time of maintenance and repair, ensure the line in equilibrium and steady state.
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Lei, Pei, and Lian Yu Zheng. "A STEP-NC Compatible on-Machine Measurement System with Automated Correlation of Inspection Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1772.
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On-machine measurement (OMM) is an important part of closed-loop manufacturing (CLM) system. How to achieve real-time measurement operation and measurement result integration claimed by CLM is a major issue that concerns software and hardware vendors. This paper proposed a STEP-NC compatible on-machine measurement system that was compatible with interoperable data model. In the beginning, information model of the system was proposed referring to current data model standards supporting closed-loop manufacturing. After that, a hierarchical process planning approach was present to plan the OMM process. Object-oriented macro programs were utilized to post process the planned inspection information and ensure the correct measuring result correlation. Besides, inspection items and measurement points were uniformly and uniquely identified to ensure the accurate and reliable associations of measurement results with the design model. At last, a STEP-NC compatible on-machine measurement prototype system was developed based on CATIA, and the validity and practicality of the proposed on-machine measurement system was demonstrated with an aeronautic test part.
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Kim, Jae Yeol, Young Tae Yoo, Kyung Seok Song, Chang Hyun Kim, and Dong Jo Yang. "UT System Composition and Welding Flaw Classification for SWP Stability Estimation." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 1385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.1385.
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The purpose of this research is stability estimation of plant structure through classification and recognition about welding flaw in SWP(Spiral Welding Pipe). And, In this research, we used nondestructive test based on ultrasonic test as inspection method, and made up inspection robot in order to control of ultrasonic probe on the SWP surface, and programmed to signal processing code and pattern classifying code by user made programming code. Inspection robot is simply constructed as 2-axes because of welding bead with fixed pitch. So, inspection of welding part can be possible as composition of inspection part for tracking on welding line. For evaluation of flaw signal is reflected on welding flaw, user-made program codes are composed of signal processing and Bayesian classifier and perceptron neural network and back-propagation neural network. And then, we confirmed to superiority of neural network method compared with Bayesian classifier for classification and recognition rate. According to this result, we selected back-propagation neural network as classification and recognition method about the system of SWP stability Estimation[2]. Through this process, we proved efficiency on the system of SWP stability Estimation, and constructed on the base of the system of SWP stability Estimation for the application in industrial fields.
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Kim, Bum Shin, Jung Soo Ha, Gee Wook Song, Jung Seob Hyun, and Woo Sung Choi. "Risk Based Optimization of the Life Assessment for Fossil Power Plant." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1572.
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As a number of aged fossil power plants recently increased, the precise life assessment of critical equipments gets to be important more than ever. Despite of infrequent likelihood of failure, the equipments in high pressure and temperature operation condition have traditionally been considered as critical because of huge consequence of the equipments and hence life assessment of fossil power plant has been focused on all of the severe operated equipments for past decades. Nowadays, with Risk-Based Inspection technology being developed rapidly, most of the power plant utilities get a chance to reduce the scope of the inspection and test and to extend the interval for the life assessment. This paper provides methodology based on Risk-Based Inspection technology to optimize the life assessment work scope and interval and also demonstrates the enhanced life assessment procedure including risk assessment of equipments.
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Huey-Der Chu. "AN INTELLIGENT FRAMEWORK FOR DYNAMIC TEST PLAN OF CLIENT/SERVER APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i4.2018.220.
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To assist a solution to the problem of the test environment spanning multiple platforms, this paper proposes a decision support framework with the blackboard model to integrate all complementary features into a single automated test environment for multi-platform client/server applications. Before testing client/server applications, the input into this framework are testing tools with different approaches and client sites which are going to run the test. The planning agent will make a decision dynamically and produce a testing plan to allocate testing tasks to these testing tools to client sites. Two complementary features for testing client/server applications are illustrated in this paper to demonstrate how the framework works. The concept of mobile agents is applied to launch the test driver to different client sites, execute the tests and bring back the test results from client sites as well as the trace file from the server site for inspecting the interaction behavior among clients. Based on the multicast framework, the same test data can be broadcasted to multiple clients sites to run the tests simultaneously and the test results can be returned from client sites for examining the problem of repeated executions.
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Gil, Doo Song, Yeon Shik Ahn, and Sang Ki Park. "Application of Continuous Indentation Technique in Thermal Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1149.
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Reliability evaluation of the welded structure is divided by method concentrating on defect and mechanical property. Thermal power plant facilities are operated in high temperature, high pressure and called for safety guarantee. Three factors are constituted for this. The First is PSI(pre-service inspection) and the second is ISI(in-service inspection) and the third is quantitative analysis in safety. Main steam and hot reheat steam pipes in thermal power plant are frequently making a trouble because of unsuitable quality control under construction. So, the suitable construction and the development of life forecast method is urgent matter. Therefore, the continuous indentation technique is interested in effective test method of pipes in power plant facilities. This strong point of the continuous indentation technique is possibility of super-precision measurement, programmed test analysis, nondestructive stiffness evaluation. This study is focused on the possibility of the continuous indentation technique application in main steam and hot reheat steam pipes for stiffness evaluation in thermal power plant facilities.
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Henzell, Steve, and Fiona Read. "Casino pipeline: novel pipeline integrity inspection." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16049.
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The Casino offshore pipeline required inspection to demonstrate the integrity of the pipeline and allow the operating life of the pipeline to be extended. There were numerous challenges in performing a conventional internal pipeline inspection which would have required diver operations to install and operate subsea pig launchers. Two alternative inspection methods were used to inspect the high priority sections of the pipeline, at the pipeline tees and in the horizontal directionally drilled (HDD) section of pipeline at the coastline crossing.The pipeline tees and well flowlines were inspected using an external magnetic flux inspection tool deployed by remotely operated vehicle (ROV), to test for top-of-line corrosion. Bi-directional pigging from the onshore valve station, offshore for 30 km using gas from the host gas plant and then return to the shore using gas from the offshore wells allowed for inspection of the HDD pipeline with a total of 10 bi-direction pig runs completed. The pig position was accurately predicted by monitoring the operating conditions of the pipeline and confirmed by displacement past the subsea well closest to shore (Casino 5). The novel pigging methods brought significant benefits for cost, schedule and reduced EHS exposure by avoiding diver operations. The cost of the overall inspection program was less than 25% of the conventional inspection methods and was achieved a year earlier than if a dive support vessel (DSV) had been mobilised. The bi-directional pigging campaign proved to be highly successful.
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Ayling, James, Adam Bowler, Gregory Brick, and Mladen Ignjatovic. "Practical Application of Structural Repair Fatigue Life Determination on the AP-3C Orion Platform." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1065.
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The AP-3C Orion aircraft is the oldest aircraft in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) inventory. The planned fleet withdrawal has been extended far beyond the original design service objective. Continued safe and effective operation has required the development of a robust ageing aircraft management approach. A fundamental aspect was supplementing the structural certification basis with appropriate standards in the form of fatigue management requirements from Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 25.571 and Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular (FAA AC) 120-93. To develop and underpin the ageing aircraft management plan and transition to the supplementary fatigue management standards, the RAAF collaborated with the Original Equipment Manufacturer, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, the United States Navy (USN) and other operators to form the P-3C Service Life Assessment Program (SLAP). This program provided Full Scale Fatigue Test (FSFT) data, associated analyses and analysis tools to support management in accordance with FAR 25.571. An important element of the ageing aircraft management plan included the introduction of a rigorous Safety By Inspection (SBI) maintenance regime to assure structural airworthiness. FAA AC 120-93 requires assessment of structural repairs to determine revised fatigue management and inspection requirements. Often, this information is derived using tailored analysis tools and detailed models on a case-by-case basis. This approach is specialized, expensive and usually occurs after the repair has been designed and installed. To avoid these limitations, the AP-3C Repair Assessment Manual (RAM) was developed to provide the repair designer with a design handbook approach to fatigue analysis. In conjunction with some simple Finite Element (FE) models, the RAM supports complete repair analysis prior to an aircraft leaving the maintenance venue. This paper will present the history of the SBI program, the genesis of the RAM and actual examples of assessing structural repairs on the P-3 platform using the RAM.
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Lampreia, Suzana, Valter Vairinhos, Victor Lobo, and José Requeijo. "A Statistical State Analysis of a Marine Gas Turbine." Actuators 8, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8030054.
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This paper describes the analysis, from a statistical point of view, of a maritime gas turbine, under various operating conditions, so as to determine its state. The data used concerns several functioning parameters of the turbines, such as temperatures and vibrations, environmental data, such as surrounding temperature, and past failures or quasi-failures of the equipment. The determination of the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) gives a rough estimate of the state of the turbine, but in this paper we show that it can be greatly improved with graphical and statistical analysis of data measured during operation. We apply the Laplace Test and calculate the gas turbine reliability using that data, to define the gas turbine failure tendency. Using these techniques, we can have a better estimate of the turbine’s state, and design a preventive observation, inspection and intervention plan.
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Zanichelli, A., R. Scaramella, M. Vigotti, G. Vettolani, and G. Grueff. "Clusters of Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts: a Sample Selected at Radio Wavelenghts." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 175 (1996): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900080967.
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In order to gather a sample of intermediate redshifts (z ≃ 0.1 ÷ 0.2) clusters avoiding evolutionary effects or biases induced by limited sensitivity of instruments and optical plates that affect samples selected through inspection of optical plates, color diagrams or X-ray emission properties, we plan to use radio galaxies as suitable tracers of dense environments (e.g. Allington-Smith et al., 1993). This would allow us to effectively test different environments and population properties, and would also give valuable information on the effect of environment on the radioemission phenomena. Moreover, it would not impact on the X–ray or optical properties of clusters, since there is no significant correlation between the radio properties of galaxies within a cluster with its LX (Feigelson, Maccacaro and Zamorani, 1982), or with richness of the cluster (Zhao, Burns, and Owen, 1989).
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Che, Xiaohong, and Shizhong Xu. "Significance Test and Genome Selection in Bayesian Shrinkage Analysis." International Journal of Plant Genomics 2010 (June 10, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/893206.
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Bayesian shrinkage analysis is the state-of-the-art method for whole genome analysis of quantitative traits. It can estimate the genetic effects for the entire genome using a dense marker map. The technique is now called genome selection. A nice property of the shrinkage analysis is that it can estimate effects of QTL as small as explaining 2% of the phenotypic variance in a typical sample size of 300–500 individuals. In most cases, QTL can be detected with simple visual inspection of the entire genome for the effect because the false positive rate is low. As a Bayesian method, no significance test is needed. However, it is still desirable to put some confidences on the estimated QTL effects. We proposed to use the permutation test to draw empirical thresholds to declare significance of QTL under a predetermined genome wide type I error. With the permutation test, Bayesian shrinkage analysis can be routinely used for QTL detection.
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Szczygielska, Elżbieta, and Wiktor Tur. "The study of the conformity criterion for compressive strength of concrete based on order statistics." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 3 (September 11, 2013): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2035.
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The test of concrete compressive strength conformity with current regulations PN EN 206-1:2003 is the sampling inspection based on a numerical evaluation. Satisfying the compound criteria, including the adoption of statistical quality control plan, confirms the conformity of the examined batch of concrete defined by the declared class of compressive strength defined by characteristic value of compressive strength. The conformity criteria recommended by EN 206-1 for the initial production are not without flaws and they are critically evaluated by many authors. This paper presents a new criterion of conformity based on order statistics. A preliminary evaluation of the criterion was made for the series with a small number of the test results with the use of probability of acceptance determined by means of the Monte Carlo method with the assumed 5% fraction defective. The analysis of the results showed that the presented criterion does not depend on the dispersion of results whereas the probability of acceptance is maintained at a constant level approached to the appropriate one at the stage of continuous production.
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Kim, Bum Joon, Byeong Soo Lim, Sung Jin Song, and Young H. Kim. "Application of Ultrasonic Test on Creep-Fatigue Life Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.476.
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This work investigates the relationship between the creep-fatigue life and ultrasonic test of creep-fatigue damage. Under the creep-fatigue interaction, the main cause of life reduction is the initiation and growth of microvoid with increasing hold time. The number/size of microvoid/cavity, the fraction of cavity area varied with the hold time. Therefore, the life evaluation using the microvoid with the variation of hold time is very informative for safety of components in power plants. In this study, using the heat resisting alloy, P122 steel for USC (ultra super critical) power plant, the creep-fatigue tests with various hold times and their ultrasonic inspection were carried out for the purpose of evaluation for creep-fatigue life. The results obtained by Rayleigh surface wave of backscattered ultrasound were compared and analyzed with the experimental parameters. The good agreement between the experimental life and the predicted life was obtained.
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McPhail, Steven M., Lars Nagelstad Dalland, Kaja Naess, Marte Lund, Tore Johan Ytre-Hauge, Sigrid Reiersen Holm, and Shaun O'Leary. "Intratherapist Reliability in the Rating of Scapula Posture in Multiple Planes of Reference." ISRN Rehabilitation 2012 (December 10, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/957389.
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Background. Evaluation of scapular posture is a fundamental component in the clinical evaluation of the upper quadrant. This study examined the intrarater reliability of scapular posture ratings. Methods. A test-retest reliability investigation was undertaken with one week between assessment sessions. At each session physical therapists conducted visual assessments of scapula posture (relative to the thorax) in five different scapula postural planes (plane of scapula, sagittal plane, transverse plane, horizontal plane, and vertical plane). These five plane ratings were performed for four different scapular posture perturbating conditions (rest, isometric shoulder; flexion, abduction, and external rotation). Results. A total of 100 complete scapular posture ratings (50 left, 50 right) were undertaken at each assessment. The observed agreement between the test and retest postural plane ratings ranged from 59% to 87%; 16 of the 20 plane-condition combinations exceeded 75% observed agreement. Kappa (and prevalence adjusted bias adjusted kappa) values were inconsistent across the postural planes and perturbating conditions. Conclusions. This investigation generally revealed fair to moderate intrarater reliability in the rating of scapular posture by visual inspection. However, enough disagreement between assessments was present to warrant caution when interpreting perceived changes in scapula position between longitudinal assessments using visual inspection alone.
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Butini, E., L. Marini, E. Meli, A. Rindi, MC Valigi, and S. Logozzo. "Development and validation of wear models by using innovative three-dimensional laser scanners." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 8 (August 2019): 168781401987040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019870402.
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One of the main problems in railway and tramway systems, both dynamically (safety, comfort etc.) and economically (planning of maintenance interventions, reduction of wheel and rail lifetime etc.), is represented by the wear of wheel and rail profiles, due to the wheel–rail interaction. The profile’s shape variation caused by wear influences the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle and, in particular, the wheel–rail contact conditions. Hence, nowadays, one of the most important topics in the railway field is the development of reliable wear models to predict profiles evolution, together with the use of more efficient and accurate measuring instruments for the model validation and the rolling components inspection. In this context, the aim of this research work is the development and the validation of wear models, using experimental data acquired through an innovative measuring instrument based on noncontact three-dimensional laser scanning technology. The tramway line of the city of Florence, characterized by very narrow curves and critical in terms of wear, has been chosen as a reference test case. Moreover, the inspection procedures currently adopted on this line for the maintenance plan are based only on classical two-dimensional contact measurement systems, not so accurate for a complete wear assessment. Therefore, the introduction of a new three-dimensional laser scanning technology may have a great impact on the maintenance management of the line.
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Díaz-Padilla, Gabriel, J. Isabel López-Arroyo, Rafael A. Guajardo-Panes, and Ignacio Sánchez-Cohen. "Spatial Distribution and Development of Sequential Sampling Plans for Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071434.
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Vector control in huanglongbing management has been conducted on a calendar basis resulting in high production costs. We addressed this issue and proposed a sequential sampling plan to support decision making for intervention against Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, which is involved in the transmission of the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, associated with such lethal disease. We analyzed 3,264,660 records from samples gathered from the Mexican trapping program for the monitoring of D. citri; it included weekly inspection of 86,004 yellow sticky traps distributed in the country. Spatial distribution of the insect, estimation of a common k (kc), and sequential sampling plans based on Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) were determined. Taylor’s power law coefficients were ≥1 indicating aggregation in the spatial distribution of the insect. Common k ranged from 0.0183 to 0.2253 and varied independently of geographic zone or citrus species. We obtained 18 sequential sampling plans, one for each state. In the Average Sample Number (ASN) function, the minimal number of samples to make a decision ranged from 17 to 65. In the Operational Characteristic (OC) function, probabilities for a correct intervention at the threshold of 0.2 D. citri adults/trap in most cases were above 80%. In a field evaluation, the application of sampling plans yielded savings obtained by reduction in the number of interventions for insect control.
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Ma, X., Q. Q. Yan, and X. Wu. "QUALITY CONTROL OF POSITIONAL ACCURACY OF 1:10000 ORTHOPHOTO PRODUCTS IN THE THIRD NATIONAL LAND SURVEY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-525-2020.
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Abstract. The third national land survey is based on the orthophotos products. Only by providing 1:10000 orthophoto products that meet the quality requirements can the third national land survey be carried out smoothly, and the third national land survey products can be guaranteed to be accurate and reliable. Positional accuracy as an important quality element of 1:10000 orthophoto products is a key factor affecting the quality of 1:10000 orthophoto products, and directly affects the quality of the third national land survey products.This paper introduces the content of the positional accuracy quality inspection in the 1:10000 orthophoto products of the third national land survey.The mean square error in plane position and the image edge match are two important test entries in the quality control of positional accuracy . The paper specifically elaborates on the quality control of the above two important test entries. The quality control indexes of mean square error in plane position and the image edge match are introduced in detail, and the quality inspection method and quality evaluation method of position accuracy are proposed. And, the main quality problems found in the positional accuracy checking are illustrated by way of case analysis. At the same time, the cause analysis was carried out for these specific quality problems, and corresponding improvement suggestions were also proposed.This paper provides technical support and reference for the quality inspection of 1:10000 orthophoto products, and also has some positive effects on quality improvement.
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Seo, Sun-Keun, and Bong-Jin Yum. "Accelerated life test plans under intermittent inspection and type-I censoring: The case of weibull failure distribution." Naval Research Logistics 38, no. 1 (February 1991): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6750(199102)38:1<1::aid-nav3220380103>3.0.co;2-3.
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Sangthong, Sathitthep, Pattara Woraphu, and Kanokbhorn Arayikanon. "Improve inspection process in tire manufacturing by using computer simulation." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 01048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819201048.
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The purity of this research was to study the feasibility of improving the quality inspection in the manufacturing of tire by focusing on the utilization process. The current plant production is continuous and there are four working groups which can be divided into 3 shifts with 24 hours produced a day (Average production capacity is 350 days per year). Improved quality inspection processes will inevitably result in unnecessary production stops. Therefore, the researchers have proposed a feasibility study on how to improve the quality of the test procedures using engineering and technology techniques. These create models that have the same functionality as the current working condition. The result was found that Model 2 could reduce unnecessary processes and also four workers per shift if the worker's wage was calculated. This model shows a cost reduction of approximately 1.68 million baht per year, as well as utilization process
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Savu, Ionel Danut, Sorin Vasile Savu, and Mihai Gheorghe Ghiba. "New Concept of Quality Management in Shipbuilding." Advanced Engineering Forum 13 (June 2015): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.13.332.
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Fabrication in shipbuilding faces important requirements from the quality point of view, due to potential risks specific to the exploitation of the naval structures. Quality Management becomes important tool to reduce the susceptibility to failure of different components of the structures. Specific processes are involved in shipbuilding and the Quality Management should address all of them. Inspection Test Plan (ITP) should be the first step of the Quality Management and that step is previous to any action related to fabrication. Sometimes, that step is necessary to be done even before the design of the naval structure. The most important processes which are required to answer to the ITP are welding, testing of welds, treating distortions and painting. For each of them, qualification of personnel, qualification of the involved procedures, qualifications of the materials and consumables should be evaluated. Operational procedures for every step of the fabrication and for auxiliary operations should be elaborated, discussed and approved by the Quality Manager.
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Muhsinin, Soni, Sri Hayati, and Dadih Supriadi. "Isolation Endophytic Bacteria of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Skin Fruit as of Escherichia coli Antibacterial." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 4, no. 04 (December 31, 2016): 04–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.4.4.2.
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Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria and fungi in developing countries are still high. One of the microorganisms that cause infections are Escherichia coli. E. coli can lead to infection of the digestive tract. Improper use of antibiotics can lead to resistance. This can be minimized by making use of traditional medicine. One of the traditional medicine that the mangosteen fruit. Secondary metabolites can be isolated by utilizing endophytic bacteria. Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live inside plant tissues and capable of producing the active compounds which are antibiotics, antimalarial and antifungal. The methodology carried out: preparation of materials and determination, isolation of endophytic bacteria, screening endophytic bacteria producing antibacterial, morphological and biochemical identification, endophytic bacteria fermentation, the manufacture of standard curve, the compound fermented inspection (inspection: phenols, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids/steroid), test the antimicrobial activity microdilution method. The result of morphological and biochemical tests showed that bacteria EKM 1 and EKM 2 is a Gram negative, motile, facultative anaerobic, produces gelatinase and protease enzymes. Antibacterial activity test microdilution method showed the presence of bacterial growth inhibition test. The endophytic bacteria isolated from mangosteen rind suspected Enterobacter. Antibacterial test results using microdilution method produces the MIC value 1024 ppm against E. coli bacteria.
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Fahimipirehgalin, Mina, Birgit Vogel-Heuser, Emanuel Trunzer, and Matthias Odenweller. "Visual Leakage Inspection in Chemical Process Plants Using Thermographic Videos and Motion Pattern Detection." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 6659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226659.
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Liquid leakage from pipelines is a critical issue in large-scale chemical process plants since it can affect the normal operation of the plant and pose unsafe and hazardous situations. Therefore, leakage detection in the early stages can prevent serious damage. Developing a vision-based inspection system by means of IR imaging can be a promising approach for accurate leakage detection. IR cameras can capture the effect of leaking drops if they have higher (or lower) temperature than their surroundings. Since the leaking drops can be observed in an IR video as a repetitive phenomenon with specific patterns, motion pattern detection methods can be utilized for leakage detection. In this paper, an approach based on the Kalman filter is proposed to track the motion of leaking drops and differentiate them from noise. The motion patterns are learned from the training data and applied to the test data to evaluate the accuracy of the method. For this purpose, a laboratory demonstrator plant is assembled to simulate the leakages from pipelines, and to generate training and test videos. The results show that the proposed method can detect the leaking drops by tracking them based on obtained motion patterns. Furthermore, the possibilities and conditions for applying the proposed method in a real industrial chemical plant are discussed at the end.
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Chai, Bao Tong, Zheng Feng Wu, and Dong Xing Zhang. "Static Frequency Test and Leaf Fracture Analysis of Turbine Blades in a Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 893 (July 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.893.45.
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During the overhaul of a steam turbine of a power station, the frequency of the last twostages of the low-pressure rotor is tested and high-pressure rotor-regulated stage broken blades weresubjected to macroscopic inspection and analysis, chemical composition analysis, hardness test andmetallographic microstructure observation and analysis.The results of blade frequency measurementshow that the two stages of the low-pressure rotor can be safely and stably operated at the workingspeed. The results of broken blade analysis show that: due to the surface damage in the innersurface of the blade root, the blade vibration is aggravated, and the lower step of the concavegroove of the blade root is the stress concentration zone, where the fatigue crack source is generatedand gradually expanded, resulting in fatigue fracture of the blade; The fracture fatigue source zoneand the fatigue crack growth zone occupy approximately two-thirds of the entire fracture area,indicating that the blade fracture is a high-cycle fatigue fracture.