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Couture, Rachel. ""Inspirer la crainte, le respect et l'amour du public" : les inspecteurs de police parisiens, 1740-1789." Thèse, Caen, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5599/1/D2465v1.pdf.
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L'étude des inspecteurs de police parisiens du XVIIIe siècle est négligée par l'historiographie, hormis par quelques travaux d'histoire traditionnelle qui en dressent un sombre portrait et d'autres d'histoire sociale des années 1980 qui l'abordent indirectement. Afin de combler cette lacune, la présente enquête se consacre à la compréhension de l'organisation du métier à compter de 1740, moment de la refondation de la compagnie des inspecteurs de police, jusqu'en 1789, celui de sa dissolution. L'intérêt d'étudier l'évolution de son fonctionnement professionnel est manifeste dans un contexte de réorganisation policière au long cours, qui s'inscrit dans le sillage de la création du guet (1666), de la lieutenance de police (1667) et des inspecteurs de police (1708). Trois pôles d'étude structurent la démonstration de la professionnalisation des inspecteurs de police, chacun correspondant aux aspects principaux de la définition de ce processus : primo, l'affermissement des modalités d'accès au métier et la stabilisation de son organisation interne; secundo, la normalisation des pratiques et la constitution de savoirs policiers spécifiques; tertio, la légitimation des personnels et de leur action. En premier lieu, l'approche prosopographique des 80 inspecteurs de police en service entre 1742 et 1789 figurants dans l'Almanach royal relève le resserrement des exigences professionnelles au moment de l'entrée en fonction. Mettant à profit un corpus étendu d'archives administratives, notariales et réglementaires, l'enquête dresse le portrait socioprofessionnel des inspecteurs de police d'après 1740, distincts de leurs homologues du début du siècle. Ainsi, l'amélioration concrète de la sélection des recrues, la codification de la formation et des itinéraires professionnels, et l'augmentation des revenus étayent l'argument de la respectabilité accrue des inspecteurs de police et de la régulation de leur organisation après 1740. En second lieu, la spécialisation des pratiques témoigne de la codification de l'exercice du métier d'inspecteur de police hors des cadres du droit. Les diverses dimensions du processus de spécialisation policière induisent en effet son affranchissement progressif de la justice. Le développement des bureaux et des départements de police ainsi que le mouvement de répartition des tâches et de définition de savoirs policiers spécifiques participent à la rationalisation du service. Appréhendée à travers les archives du département de la sûreté, l'étude a relevé le rôle central joué par ces inspecteurs spécialistes tant dans le système d'information bureaucratique que dans la production de l'enregistrement, de mieux en mieux formalisé. L'établissement de leurs pratiques a aussi permis de cerner la collégialité de leur action, système qui assure la permanence et l'efficacité du service par le partage des informations et des revenus. Leurs interactions avec les commissaires au Châtelet, pour leur part, s'harmonisent suivant la codification du protocole de travail et de la clarification de la répartition des tâches. Plutôt que concurrents, ces officiers s'avèrent complémentaires. L'inspecteur s'occupe des enquêtes préliminaires, en amont de l'instruction judiciaire, alors que le commissaire légalise la procédure. En troisième lieu, les mesures de légitimation des inspecteurs de police déployées par les autorités composent le dernier aspect de l'analyse du processus de professionnalisation. L'examen montre que la majorité des moyens employés cherche à répondre aux critiques naguère adressées aux inspecteurs de police, qualifiés d'occultes, d'autoritaires et de distants de la population. La militarisation des inspecteurs de police, l'ancrage dans leur quartier d'affectation, l'insertion communautaire et l'encadrement disciplinaire concourent non seulement à la régulation professionnelle d'un corps d'officiers de police en quête de légitimité, mais marquent aussi leur plus grande acceptation au fil de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Les inspecteurs de police cherchent ainsi à se faire reconnaître et semblent généralement y parvenir après avoir jugulé la crise de l'émeute des enlèvements des enfants en 1750. La préservation de l'image de la police passe également par la répression des manquements envers ses représentants. L'analyse suggère que les inspecteurs de police constituaient une cible secondaire de la hargne populaire, qui est davantage dirigée envers leurs subalternes. Au final, l'examen du métier des inspecteurs de police parisiens de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle lève le voile sur leur professionnalisation graduelle, ce qu'avait occulté la légende noire distillée par les pamphlétaires au tournant de la Révolution. Au-delà de cette image caricaturale des inspecteurs de police, les transformations professionnelles s'avèrent considérables sur les trois fronts examinés. L'organisation interne se régularise, les méthodes de travail se codifient et se spécialisent et leur reconnaissance s'affirme, ce qui atteste la solidification progressive de leur assise professionnelle au fil du siècle.
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MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Police, Paris, XVIIIe siècle, Inspecteur de police, Sûreté, Professionnalisation
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Mizrahi, Alice. "Jonctions tunnel magnétiques stochastiques pour le calcul bioinspiré." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS006/document.
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Les jonctions tunnel magnétiques sont des candidats prometteurs for le calcul. Mais quand elles sont réduites à des dimensions nanométriques, conserver leur stabilité devient difficile. Les jonctions tunnel magnétiques instables subissent des renversements aléatoires de leur aimantation et se comportent comme des oscillateurs stochastiques. Pourtant, la nature stochastique de ces jonctions tunnel superparamagnétiques n’est pas une faille mais un atout qui peut être utilisé pour le calcul bio-inspiré. En effet, notre cerveau a évolué de sorte qu’il puisse fonctionner dans un environnement bruité et avec des composants instables. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons plusieurs applications possibles des jonctions tunnel superparamagnétiques.Nous démontrons qu’une junction tunnel superparamagnétique peut être synchronisée en fréquence et en phase à une faible tension oscillante. De manière contre intuitive, notre expérience montre que cela peut être fait grâce à l’injection de bruit dans le système. Nous développons un modèle théorique pour comprendre ce phénomène et prédire qu’il permet un gain énergétique d’un facteur cent par rapport à la synchronisation d’oscillateurs à transfert de spin traditionnels. De plus, nous utilisons notre modèle pour étudier la synchronisation de plusieurs jonctions couplées. De nombreuses méthodes théoriques réalisant des tâches cognitives telles que la reconnaissance de motifs et la classification grâce à la synchronisation d’oscillateurs ont été proposés. Utiliser la synchronisation induite par le bruit de jonctions tunnel superparamagnétiques permettrait de réaliser ces tâches à basse énergie.Nous faisons une analogie entre les jonctions tunnel superparamagnétiques et les neurones sensoriels qui émettent des pics de tension séparés par des intervalles aléatoires. En poursuivant cette analogie, nous démontrons que des populations de jonctions tunnel superparamagnétiques peuvent représenter des distributions de probabilité et réaliser de l’inférence Bayésienne. De plus, nous démontrons que des populations interconnectées peuvent faire du calcul, notamment de l’apprentissage, des transformations de coordonnées et de la fusion sensorielles. Un tel système est faisable de manière réaliste et pourrait permettre de fabriquer des capteurs intelligents à bas coût énergétiqueMagnetic tunnel junctions are promising candidates for computing applications. But when they are reduced to nanoscale dimensions, maintaining their stability becomes an issue. Unstable magnetic tunnel junctions undergo random switches of the magnetization between their two stable states and thus behave as stochastic oscillators. However, the stochastic nature of these superparamagnetic tunnel junctions is not a liability but an asset which can be used for the implementation of bio-inspired computing schemes. Indeed, our brain has evolved to function in a noisy environment and with unstable components. In this thesis, we show several possible applications of superparamagnetic tunnel junctions.We demonstrate how a superparamagnetic tunnel junction can be frequency and phase-locked to a weak oscillating voltage. Counterintuitively, our experiment shows that this is achieved by injecting noise in the system. We develop a theoretical model to understand this phenomenon and predict that it allows a hundred-fold energy gain over the synchronization of traditional dc-driven spin torque oscillators. Furthermore, we leverage our model to study the synchronization of several coupled junctions. Many theoretical schemes using the synchronization of oscillators to perform cognitive tasks such as pattern recognition and classification have been proposed. Using the noise-induced synchronization of superparamagnetic tunnel junctions would allow implementing these tasks at low energy.We draw an analogy between superparamagnetic tunnel junctions and sensory neurons which fire voltage pulses with random time intervals. Pushing this analogy, we demonstrate that populations of junctions can represent probability distributions and perform Bayesian inference. Furthermore, we demonstrate that interconnected populations can perform computing tasks such as learning, coordinate transformations and sensory fusion. Such a system is realistically implementable and could allow for intelligent sensory processing at low energy cost
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Abba, Ari Ado Adamou. "Bio-inspired Solutions for Optimal Management in Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV044.
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Au cours de ces dernières années, les réseaux de capteurs sans fils ont connu un intérêt croissant à la fois au sein de la communauté scientifique et industrielle en raison du large potentiel en terme d’applications offertes. Toutefois, les capteurs sont conçus avec d’extrêmes contraintes en ressources, en particulier la limitation de l’énergie. Il est donc nécessaire de concevoir des protocoles efficaces, évolutifs et moins consommateur d’énergie afin de prolonger la durée de vie de ces réseaux. Le clustering est une approche très populaire, utilisée pour l’optimisation de la consommation d’énergie des capteurs. Cette technique permet d’influencer fortement la performance globale du réseau. En outre, dans de tels réseaux, le routage génère un nombre assez élevé d’opérations non négligeables qui affectent considérablement la durée de vie du réseau ainsi que le débit offert. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés d’une part aux problèmes de clustering et de routage en utilisant des méthodes d’optimisation inspirées de certaines sociétés biologiques fournissant des modèles puissants qui conduisent à l’établissement d’une intelligence globale en se basant sur des comportements individuels très simples. Nous avons proposé une approche de clustering distribuée basée sur le processus de sélection des sites de nidification chez les colonies d’abeilles. Nous avons formulé le problème de clustering distribuée comme un processus social de prise de décision dans lequel les capteurs agissent d’une manière collective pour choisir des représentants au sein de leurs clusters respectifs. Le protocole proposé assure une distribution de l’équilibrage de charge entre les membres de chaque cluster afin de prolonger la durée de vie du réseau en faisant un compromis entre la consommation d’énergie et la qualité du canal de communication. D’autre part, nous avons proposé un protocole de routage basé sur des clusters en utilisant un algorithme inspiré du phénomène de butinage des abeilles. Nous avons formulé le problème de clustring comme un problème de programmation linéaire alors que le problème du routage est résolu par une fonction de coûts. L’algorithme de clustering permet la construction efficace des clusters en faisant un compromis entre la consommation d’énergie et la qualité du canal communication au sein des clusters tandis que le routage est réalisé de manière distribuée. Les protocoles proposés ont été intensivement expérimentés sur plusieurs topologies dans différents scénarios de réseaux et comparés avec des protocoles bien connus de clustering et routage. Les résultats obtenus démontrent l’efficacité des protocoles proposésDuring the past few years, wireless sensor networks witnessed an increased interest in both the industrial and the scientific community due to the potential wide area of applications. However, sensors’ components are designed with extreme resource constraints, especially the power supply limitation. It is therefore necessary to design low power, scalable and energy efficient protocols in order to extend the lifetime of such networks. Cluster-based sensor networks are the most popular approach for optimizing the energy consumption of sensor nodes, in order to strongly influence the overall performance of the network. In addition, routing involves non negligible operations that considerably affect the network lifetime and the throughput. In this thesis, we addressed the clustering and routing problems by hiring intelligent optimization methods through biologically inspired computing, which provides the most powerful models that enabled a global intelligence through local and simple behaviors. We proposed a distributed clustering approach based on the nest-sites selection process of a honeybee swarm. We formulated the distributed clustering problem as a social decision-making process in which sensors act in a collective manner to choose their cluster heads. To achieve this choice, we proposed a multi- objective cost-based fitness function. In the design of our proposed algorithm, we focused on the distribution of load balancing among each cluster member in order to extend network lifetime by making a tradeoff between the energy consumption and the quality of the communication link among sensors. Then, we proposed a centralized cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks by using the fast and efficient searching features of the artificial bee colony algorithm. We formulated the clustering as a linear programming problem and the routing problem is solved by proposing a cost-based function. We designed a multi-objective fitness function that uses the weighted sum approach, in the assignment of sensors to a cluster. The clustering algorithm allows the efficient building of clusters by making a tradeoff between the energy consumption and the quality of the communication link within clusters while the routing is realized in a distributed manner. The proposed protocols have been intensively experimented with a number of topologies in various network scenarios and the results are compared with the well-known cluster-based routing protocols. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed protocols
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Ahlin, Emma, and Jana Olofsson. "SvEng loss med Charlie : Ett inspirationsmaterial som uppmanar pedagoger och barn till att använda det engelska språket i förskolan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-311749.
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Utgångspunkten för detta arbete är att införa en tidig språkinlärning av engelska i förskolan. Det tar långt tid att lära sig grunderna i ett främmande språk och barn är mest mottagliga för att lära sig språk i förskoleåldern. Vi valde att skapa en produkt som uppmanar och inspirerar pedagoger och barn till att använda engelska i förskolan. Produkten är uppbyggd i anknytning till ämnesområden ur läroplanen för förskolan med huvudfokus på det engelska språket. Engelskan är på så sätt ämnesintegrerad och blir ett medel för att uppnå strävansmålen. Ämnesområden som behandlas är: matematik, språk, socialt samspel, rörelse och hälsa, skapande samt naturvetenskap och teknik. Produktens utformning fördelas på sex berättelser om den könsneutrala karaktären Charlie som älskar språk. Till varje berättelse finns en tillhörande aktivitet som berör ett ämnesområde. Avslutningsvis finns ett estetiskt extramaterial som kan kopplas ihop med berättelserna och fördjupa inlärningen av det engelska språket med sång och drama. Övergripande instruktioner till häftet presenteras i början. Förberedelser, material och övriga instruktioner presenteras inför varje aktivitet. Materialet riktar sig till barn i åldrarna 3–5 år. Häftet består av 28 sidor med både text och bild. Produkten skickas ut till 12 pedagoger som utvärderar produktens upplägg, användningsområde samt relevans. Resultatet visar att många pedagoger tycker att engelska har en plats i förskolans verksamhet. Produkten mottogs väl av samtliga pedagoger och ansågs vara ett bra och inspirerande grundmaterial som uppmanar dem till att använda det engelska språket i förskolan.The starting point of this work is to introduce early language learning of English in preschool. It takes a long time to learn the basics of a foreign language and children are most receptive to learning languages in the preschool age. We have chose to create a product that inspires teachers to use English in preschool and find a curiosity about the language in children aged 3–5 years. The product is built in related subject areas from the preschool curriculum with the main focus on the English language. English is thus the subject integrated and becomes a means to achieve the aspirations of the goals. The topics covered include: maths, language, social interaction, movement and health, creativity and science and technology. The product is presented in six stories about the unisex character Charlie who loves language. For each story, there is a related activity involving a subject area. Finally, there is aesthetic extra-material that can be paired with the stories and deepens the learning of the English language with singing and drama. Overall instructions to the booklet are presented in the beginning. Preparations, materials and other instructions are presented to each activity. The summary booklet consists of 28 pages of text and image. The completed product was distributed to 12 educators in preschool who provided feedback and evaluated the design, use and relevance of the product. The results show that many educators think that English has a place in preschool. The product was well received by all educators and was considered to be good and inspiring base material that urged them to use the English language in preschool.
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Henning, Bernmyr Helena. "Skaparlust och inspiration i slöjden : Vad inspirerar elever och hur arbetar lärare för att inspirera eleverna?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för estetiska ämnen i lärarutbildningen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-79773.
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Uppsatsen bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer i grupp med elever ur årskurs 6 och 8, samt individuella intervjuer med lärare i textil och träslöjd. Jag undersöker inspirationens betydelse i slöjden och om det finns något specifikt som kan öka lusten att skapa, och som lärare - öka möjligheterna att inspirera. Jag finner att inspirationen ur elevperspektiv i stort är platsbunden och att den förväntas infinna sig i slöjdsalens miljö och genom lärarens engagemang. Andra faktorer som påverkar inspirationen är uppgifternas utformning och innehåll samt existensen av förlagor. Lärarna förväntar sig att eleverna själva till större del ska finna inspiration och lust från sin omgivning utanför skolan. Genom intervjuer synliggörs skillnader i elevers och lärares förväntningar på varandra vad gäller att inspireras och inspirera. Den röda tråden verkar svag mellan samhället, marknaden och skolan, samt att kunskapen om sakers tillverkning är bristfällig.
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Sarrabezolles, Louise. "Formalization and Simulation of Bio-Inspired On-chip Dynamic Attractors for Low Power Computer Vision." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAE001.
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Il devient difficile aujourd'hui de maintenir une amélioration des performances en vision artificielle tout en gardant une capacité de traitement embarqué temps-réel. L'étude du modèle de vision de l'être humain apporte différentes inspirations pour répondre à ce problème. La méthode utilisée par le composant bio-inspirée de BVS-Tech a attiré l'attention de la communauté par ses caractéristiques matérielles et sa mise en oeuvre dans plusieurs projets industriels. Mais l'absence de formalisme mathématique et de simulation de la méthode ne permet pas une analyse des performances de la méthode sur des bases académique. Cette thèse s'est appliquée à approfondir, formaliser et reproduire le concept du système. La modélisation mathématique et la création d'un simulateur ont permis de valider le concept de la méthode sur un set d'images artificielles et d'analyser son comportement et ses performances dans une application spécifique. Les résultats prometteurs mettent cependant en avant la forte dépendance paramétrique de la méthode. Deux extensions de la méthode ont récemment été proposées : l'adaptation automatique des caractéristiques d'entrée d'une part, et la mise en place d'un suivi de cibleHigh performance in real-time is one of today's challenge of embedded Computer Vision. The study of the human vision models inspires several solutions. The bio-inspired method used by the BVS-Tech component caught the attention of the community with its hardware characteristics and its application in different industrial projects. However, the lack of mathematical formalization and simulation of the method does not allow to analyse it on academical databases.This thesis focused on the understanding, the formalization and the reproduction of the method. The mathematical model and the simulator produced allowed to validate the concept on artificial images, to analyse its behaviour and performances in a specific application. The promising results shows, however, the strong influence of several parameters. Two extensions of the method have recently been proposed: the automatic adaptation of the feature inputs and the prediction integration
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Talatchian, Philippe. "Bio-inspired computing leveraging the synchronization of magnetic nano-oscillators." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS008/document.
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Les nano-oscillateurs à transfert de spin sont des composants radiofréquences magnétiques non-linéaires, nanométrique, de faible consommation en énergie et accordables en fréquence. Ce sont aussi potentiellement des candidats prometteurs pour l’élaboration de larges réseaux d’oscillateurs couplés. Ces derniers peuvent être utilisés dans les architectures neuromorphiques qui nécessitent des assemblées très denses d’unités de calcul complexes imitant les neurones biologiques et comportant des connexions ajustables entre elles. L’approche neuromorphique permet de pallier aux limitations des ordinateurs actuels et de diminuer leur consommation en énergie. En effet pour résoudre des tâches cognitives telles que la reconnaissance vocale, le cerveau fonctionne bien plus efficacement en terme d’énergie qu’un ordinateur classique. Au vu du grand nombre de neurone dans le cerveau (100 milliards) une puce neuro-inspirée requière des oscillateurs de très petite taille tels que les nano-oscillateurs à transfert de spin. Récemment, une première démonstration de calcul neuromorphique avec un unique nano-oscillateur à transfert de spin a été établie. Cependant, pour aller au-delà, il faut démontrer le calcul neuromorphique avec plusieurs nano-oscillateurs et pouvoir réaliser l’apprentissage. Une difficulté majeure dans l’apprentissage des réseaux de nano-oscillateurs est qu’il faut ajuster le couplage entre eux. Dans cette thèse, en exploitant l'accordabilité en fréquence des nano-oscillateurs magnétiques, nous avons démontré expérimentalement l'apprentissage des nano-oscillateurs couplés pour classifier des voyelles prononcées avec un taux de reconnaissance de 88%. Afin de réaliser cette tache de classification, nous nous sommes inspirés de la synchronisation des taux d’activation des neurones biologiques et nous avons exploité la synchronisation des nano-oscillateurs magnétiques à des stimuli micro-ondes extérieurs. Les taux de reconnaissances observés sont dus aux fortes accordabilités et couplage intermédiaire des nano-oscillateurs utilisés. Enfin, afin de réaliser des taches plus difficiles nécessitant de larges réseaux de neurones, nous avons démontré numériquement qu’un réseau d’une centaine de nano-oscillateurs magnétiques peut être conçu avec les contraintes standards de nano-fabricationSpin-torque nano-oscillators are non-linear, nano-scale, low power consumption, tunable magnetic microwave oscillators which are promising candidates for building large networks of coupled oscillators. Those can be used as building blocks for neuromorphic hardware which requires high-density networks of neuron-like complex processing units coupled by tunable connections. The neuromorphic approach allows to overcome the limitation of nowadays computers and to reduce their energy consumption. Indeed, in order to perform cognitive tasks as voice recognition or image recognition, the brain is much more efficient in terms of energy consumption. Due to the large number of required neurons (100 billions), a neuromorphic chip requires very small oscillators such as spin-torque nano-oscillators to emulate neurons. Recently a first demonstration of neuromorphic computing with a single spin-torque nano-oscillator was established, allowing spoken digit recognition with state of the art performance. However, to realize more complex cognitive tasks, it is still necessary to demonstrate a very important property of neural networks: learning an iterative process through which a neural network can be trained using an initial fraction of the inputs and then adjusting internal parameters to improve its recognition or classification performance. One difficulty is that training networks of coupled nano-oscillators requires tuning the coupling between them. Here, through the high frequency tunability of spin-torque nano-oscillators, we demonstrate experimentally the learning ability of coupled nano-oscillators to classify spoken vowels with a recognition rate of 88%. To realize this classification task, we took inspiration from the synchronization of rhythmic activity of biological neurons and we leveraged the synchronization of spin-torque nano-oscillators to external microwave stimuli. The high experimental recognition rates stem from the weak-coupling regime and the high tunability of spin-torque nano-oscillators. Finally, in order to realize more difficult cognitive tasks requiring large neural networks, we show numerically that arrays of hundreds of spin-torque nano-oscillators can be designed with the constraints of standard nano-fabrication techniques
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Dakhli, Saber. "Augmentation de la performance des antennes miniatures inspirées par métamatériaux : conception d'antennes, inspirée par métamatériaux." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S029/document.
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Le travail de cette thèse concerne la conception de nouvelles architectures d'antennes miniatures ou multifréquences en utilisant la technique inspirée des métamatériaux. Les antennes proposées sont munies de nouvelles formes d'éléments parasites qui permettent d'obtenir des structures compactes et donc facilement intégrables dans les terminaux mobiles. Par la suite, l'étude et la conception d'antennes directives et reconfigurables en diagramme de rayonnement par la technique inspirée des métamatériaux a été menée. En première partie, une étude paramétrique sur les paramètres pertinents de la structure a été effectuée afin de bien comprendre le fonctionnement de celle-ci. En deuxième partie, des antennes miniatures et directives sont proposées. Finalement, de nouvelles structures directives et reconfigurables en diagramme de rayonnement sont présentéesThe work of this thesis concerns the design of new architectures of miniature antennas by using the concept of metamaterials-inspired.The proposed antennas integrate new shapes of parasitic elements that allow to obtain compact structures and therefore easily integrated into mobile devices
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Hirel, Julien. "Codage hippocampique par transitions spatio-temporelles pour l’apprentissage autonome de comportements dans des tâches de navigation sensori-motrice et de planification en robotique." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0552/document.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse aux mécanismes permettant de faciliter l'acquisition autonome de comportements chez les êtres vivants et propose d'utiliser ces mécanismes dans le cadre de tâches robotiques. Des réseaux de neurones artificiels sont utilisés pour modéliser certaines structures cérébrales, à la fois afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de ces structures dans le cerveau des mammifères et pour obtenir des algorithmes robustes et adaptatifs de contrôle en robotique.Les travaux présentés se basent sur un modèle de l'hippocampe permettant d'apprendre des relations temporelles entre des événements perceptifs. Les neurones qui forment le substrat de cet apprentissage, appelés cellules de transition, permettent de faire des prédictions sur les événements futurs que le robot pourrait rencontrer. Ces transitions servent de support à la construction d'une carte cognitive, située dans le cortex préfrontal et/ou pariétal. Cette carte peut être apprise lors de l'exploration d'un environnement inconnu par un robot mobile et ensuite utilisée pour planifier des chemins lui permettant de rejoindre un ou plusieurs buts.Outre leur utilisation pour la construction d'une carte cognitive, les cellules de transition servent de base à la conception d'un modèle d'apprentissage par renforcement. Une implémentation neuronale de l'algorithme de Q-learning, utilisant les transitions, est réalisée de manière biologiquement plausible en s'inspirant des ganglions de la base. Cette architecture fournit une stratégie de navigation alternative à la planification par carte cognitive, avec un apprentissage plus lent, et correspondant à une stratégie automatique de bas-niveau. Des expériences où les deux stratégies sont utilisées en coopération sont réalisées et des lésions du cortex préfrontal et des ganglions de la base permettent de reproduire des résultats expérimentaux obtenus chez les rats.Les cellules de transition peuvent apprendre des relations temporelles précises permettant de prédire l'instant où devrait survenir un événement. Dans un modèle des interactions entre l'hippocampe et le cortex préfrontal, nous montrons comment ces prédictions peuvent expliquer certains enregistrements in-vivo dans ces structures cérébrales, notamment lorsqu'un rat réalise une tâche durant laquelle il doit rester immobile pendant 2 secondes sur un lieu but pour obtenir une récompense. L'apprentissage des informations temporelles provenant de l'environnement et du comportement permet de détecter des régularités. A l'opposé, l'absence d'un événement prédit peut signifier un échec du comportement du robot, qui peut être détecté et utilisé pour adapter son comportement en conséquence. Un système de détection de l'échec est alors développé, tirant parti des prédictions temporelles fournies par l'hippocampe et des interactions entre les aspects de modulation comportementale du cortex préfrontal et d'apprentissage par renforcement dans les ganglions de la base. Plusieurs expériences robotiques sont conduites dans lesquelles ce signal est utilisé pour moduler le comportement d'un robot, dans un premier temps de manière immédiate, afin de mettre fin aux actions du robot qui le mènent à un échec et envisager d'autres stratégies. Ce signal est ensuite utilisé de manière plus permanente pour moduler l'apprentissage des associations menant à la sélection d'une action, afin que les échecs répétés d'une action dans un contexte particulier fassent oublier cette association.Finalement, après avoir utilisé le modèle dans le cadre de la navigation, nous montrons ses capacités de généralisation en l'utilisant pour le contrôle d'un bras robotique. Ces travaux constituent une étape importante pour l'obtention d'un modèle unifié et générique permettant le contrôle de plates-formes robotiques variés et pouvant apprendre à résoudre des tâches de natures différentesThis thesis takes interest in the mechanisms facilitating the autonomous acquisition of behaviors in animals and proposes to use these mechanisms in the frame of robotic tasks. Artificialneural networks are used to model cerebral structures, both to understand how these structureswork and to design robust and adaptive algorithms for robot control.The work presented here is based on a model of the hippocampus capable of learning thetemporal relationship between perceptive events. The neurons performing this learning, calledtransition cells, can predict which future events the robot could encounter. These transitionssupport the building of a cognitive map, located in the prefrontal and/or parietal cortex. The mapcan be learned by a mobile robot exploring an unknown environment and then be used to planpaths in order to reach one or several goals.Apart from their use in building a cognitive map, transition cells are also the basis for thedesign of a model of reinforcement learning. A biologically plausible neural implementation ofthe Q-learning algorithm, using transitions, is made by taking inspiration from the basal ganglia.This architecture provides an alternative strategy to the cognitive map planning strategy. Thereinforcement learning strategy requires a longer learning period but corresponds more to an automatic low-level behavior. Experiments are carried out with both strategies used in cooperationand lesions of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia allow to reproduce experimental resultsobtained with rats.Transition cells can learn temporally precise relations predicting the exact timing when anevent should be perceived. In a model of interactions between the hippocampus and prefrontalcortex, we show how these predictions can explain in-vivo recordings in these cerebral structures, in particular when rat is carrying out a task during which it must remain stationary for 2seconds on a goal location to obtain a reward. The learning of temporal information about theenvironment and the behavior of the robot allows the system to detect regularity. On the contrary, the absence of a predicted event can signal a failure in the behavior of the robot, whichcan be detected and acted upon in order to modulate the failing behavior. Consequently, a failure detection system is developed, taking advantage of the temporal predictions provided by thehippocampus and the interaction between behavior modulation functions in the prefrontal cortexand reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia. Several robotic experiments are conducted, inwhich the failure signal is used to modulate, immediately at first, the behavior of the robot inorder to stop selecting actions which lead to failures and explore other strategies. The signal isthen used in a more lasting way by modulating the learning of the associations leading to theselection of an action so that the repeted failures of an action in a particular context lead to thesuppression of this association.Finally, after having used the model in the frame of navigation, we demonstrate its generalization capabilities by using it to control a robotic arm in a trajectory planning task. This workconstitutes an important step towards obtaining a generic and unified model allowing the controlof various robotic setups and the learning of tasks of different natures
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Dock, Amanda M. ""Inspired Industry."." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1098.
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This thesis supports the Master of Fine Arts exhibition entitled "Inspired Industry" at Johnson City Area Arts Council, Johnson City, Tennessee, from November 14 - December 22, 2005. It is the culmination of studies and research affected by the artist's own industry vis-à-vis personal inspirations, including: discussion of aesthetics and personal utilization of the techniques learned in relation to both functional and non-functional ceramic forms. This is a self-evaluation of personal preferences and how this body of ceramic work evolved.
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Hirtzlin, Tifenn. "Digital Implementation of Neuromorphic systems using Emerging Memory devices." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST071.
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Depuis les années soixante-dix l'évolution des performances des circuits électroniques repose exclusivement sur l'amélioration des performances des transistors. Ce composant a des propriétés extraordinaires puisque lorsque ses dimensions sont réduites, toutes ses caractéristiques sont améliorées. Mais, dû à certaines limites physiques fondamentales, la diminution des dimensions des transistors n’est plus possible. Néanmoins, de nouveaux nano-composants mémoire innovants qui peuvent être intégré conjointement avec les transistors voient le jour tant au niveau académique qu'industriel, ce qui constitue une opportunité pour repenser complètement l'architecture des circuits électroniques actuels. L'une des voies de recherche possible est l’inspiration du fonctionnement du cerveau biologique. Ce dernier peut accomplir des tâches complexes et variées en consommant très peu d’énergie. Ces travaux de thèse explorent trois paradigmes neuro-inspirés pour l'utilisation de ces composants mémoire. Chacune de ces approches explore différentes problématiques du calcul en mémoireWhile electronics has prospered inexorably for several decades, its leading source of progress will stop in the next coming years, due to the fundamental technological limits of transistors. Nevertheless, microelectronics is currently offering a major breakthrough: in recent years, memory technologies have undergone incredible progress, opening the way for multiple research venues in embedded systems. Additionally, a major feature for future years will be the ability to integrate different technologies on the same chip. new emerging memory devices that can be embedded in the core of the CMOS, such as Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) or Spin Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junction (STMRAM) based on naturally intelligent inmemory-computing architecture. Three braininspired algorithms are carefully examined: Bayesian reasoning binarized neural networks, and an approach that further exploits the intrinsic behavior of components, population coding of neurons. Each of these approaches explores different aspects of in-memory computing
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Carrere, Maxime. "Combiner les apprentissages motivés et associatifs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0191/document.
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Pour pouvoir être autonomes dans un environnement complexe, les humains comme les systèmes artificiels doivent posséder un apprentissage souple et capable de s’adapter au changement. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à comment cette autonomie peut être obtenue par interactions entre les différents systèmes d’apprentissage de notre cerveau. Pour cela, nous modélisons dans une approche inspirée de la biologie le comportement de certaines des parties du cerveau impliquées dans les apprentissages répondant et opérant, et observons comment leurs interactions permettent un apprentissage flexible dans des tâches impliquant des changements comme l’extinction et le reversalIn a complex environment, humans and artificials systems need a flexible learning system to adapt themselves to situations which can change. In this thesis, we study how autonomy can be the result of interactions between the different learning systems of our brain. In particular, in a biologically inspired approach, we model different parts of the brain involved in respondant and operant conditioning, et show how their interactions can promote flexible learning in tasks in which situation can change, like extinction or reversal
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Folest, Estelle. "Shakespeare et la voix." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485954.
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Dans l'oeuvre dramatique de Shakespeare, la voix a le pouvoir de séduire et de faire naître le désir, d'atteindre l'âme comme les émotions et d'y insuffler un mouvement, d'ordonner et d'harmoniser les rapports entre les hommes, ou encore d'agresser, de blesser, de maudire, voire de tuer. La belle acoustique du Théâtre, du Globe ou des Blackfriars, permettait à la voix de résonner en se mêlant à des effets musicaux et à des bruits pour former des paysages sonores qu'il s'agit d'entendre et de déchiffrer.
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Blair, G. A. "Superstring inspired phenomenology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375220.
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Lee, Seung Joo. "Braneworld inspired cosmology." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426257.
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D'Imperio, Luke A. "Biosensing-inspired Nanostructures:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108627.
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Thesis advisor: Michael J. NaughtonNanoscale biosensing devices improve and enable detection mechanisms by taking advantage of properties inherent to nanoscale structures. This thesis primarily describes the development, characterization and application of two such nanoscale structures. Namely, these two biosensing devices discussed herein are (1) an extended-core coaxial nanogap electrode array, the ‘ECC’ and (2) a plasmonic resonance optical filter array, the ‘plasmonic halo’. For the former project, I discuss the materials and processing considerations that were involved in the making of the ECC device, including the nanoscale fabrication, experimental apparatuses, and the chemical and biological materials involved. I summarize the ECC sensitivity that was superior to those of conventional detection methods and proof-of-concept bio-functionalization of the sensing device. For the latter project, I discuss the path of designing a biosensing device based on the plasmonic properties observed in the plasmonic halo, including the plasmonic structures, materials, fabrication, experimental equipment, and the biological materials and protocols
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
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Åberg, Isac. "Inspired By Phrases." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för jazz, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-3599.
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This project is about finding phrases I like from different instrumentalists' solos and then creating new songs based on the chosen phrases. These songs would then constitute the program for my final exam concert held at Royal College of Music in Stockholm March 5th. For this I put together a five-piece band. During the rehearsals all the musicians had the opportunity to influence the songs for the better. I have had a constant thought throughout this process that the songs should be easy to assimilate and that they should be easy to perceive and melodic. In my thesis I reflect upon what makes me perceive a phrase as satisfactory and whether it is possible that a musician playing by ear have an advantage in playing more melodically or not? Is it that I am more affected by a solo by a musician playing by ear versus someone who plays more of their theoretical knowledge. One conclusion I have come to is that a good combination could be that, as a musician playing by ear, they immerse themselves in the melodic and their theoretical concept in order to achieve the best results.
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Broderick, Jane Tingle. "Reggio Inspired Practices." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4241.
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Broderick, Jane Tingle. "Reggio Inspired Practice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4246.
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Espada, Yoan. "Localisation visuelle par approche neuromimétique dans le contexte de la délégation de conduite." Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1070.
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L'objectif premier de cette thèse est de tester et d'étendre des modèles de navigation initialement développés pour de la navigation en intérieur et de les appliquer à la délégation de conduite des véhicules autonomes. La particularité de ces architectures de contrôle pour robot mobile est qu'elles sont issus d'une approche bio-inspirée et sont dite neurorobotiques : elles reproduisent les mécanismes neuronaux impliqués dans les comportements de navigation observés chez les animaux.Ces travaux concourent à introduire auprès de la communauté du véhicule autonome les approches bio-inspirées et leur potentiel au travers des modèles présentés.Cette thèse commence par aborder les technologies utilisées (GPS, lidar, ...) et les différentes stratégies de navigation (réactive, avec carte). Cette présentation se termine en circonscrivant le problème de la navigation des véhicules autonomes à la reconnaissance de lieux par la vision.Le manuscrit présente ensuite les approches bio-inspirée et neurorobotique avant de donner les notions d'anatomie facilitant la compréhension des modèles bio-inspirés décrits par la suite.Un modèle de reconnaissance de lieux par la vision est présenté en détail. Des expériences de simulations avec des données réelles permettent de tester ce modèle, initialement conçu pour la navigation intérieure, dans des environnements propres aux véhicules. Les résultats de ces tests montrent que le modèle construit une représentation de l'environnement capable de discriminer et de reconnaître des lieux.Une architecture neuronale de navigation réactive reposant sur le précédent système, le modèle PerAc est décrite ensuite. Ce modèle utilise les lieux construits par le modèle de reconnaissance et associe chaque lieu à une direction à suivre. Par un ensemble d'associations, il est possible d'apprendre à suivre de manière robuste des trajectoires ou une position à rejoindre. Ce modèle, conçu pour de la navigation en intérieur, est testé sur un véhicule dans des expériences servant à évaluer sa capacité à fonctionner sur véhicule. Les résultats prouvent que le modèle est capable d'apprendre des trajectoires avec une voiture en environnement extérieur.Ma dernière contribution porte sur un modèle de contextes visuels permettant d'accroître les performances computationnelles de la reconnaissance de lieux. Une chaîne de traitements visuelle inspirée du cortex visuel primaire effectue un découpage de l'environnement qui vient moduler la reconnaissance de lieux du modèle précédent.Ce manuscrit se termine en proposant un ensemble de pistes à même d'améliorer les différents aspects des modèles présentés, par exemple, en modélisant plus finement certaines zones du cerveau ou en utilisant un codage épars afin de réduire le coût computationnelThe main aim of this thesis is to extend navigation models built for indoor environments to autonomous vehicles.These models follow a neurorobotics approach: they reproduce neural substrates that sustain the mechanism responsible for spatial cognition in the mammalian brain. This thesis introduces and shows the potential of bio-inspired robotics and neurorobotics to the community of autonomous driving.This manuscrit begins by giving a state of the art of robotic navigation. It presents the subsidiary question of visual recognition.The notions of bio-inspired robotics and neurorobotics are then introduced. An overview of anatomical observations necessary to the comprehension of bio-inspired models is also given.The document describes a model for visual place recognition inspired by hippocampal place cells. This model is tested in outdoor on-road environments. The results show that the model is able to build a representation of the environment that can be used in navigation tasks.A reactive navigation model (PerAc) is then presented. This model uses the representation built by the visual place recognition model to learn sensorimotor units linking places and actions. A set of these associations allows the model to learn robust trajectories or goal positions. This model was initially built for robots evolving in indoor environments. It is embbedded and tested on an autonomous vehicle. The experiments show that the model is able to learn trajectory with a car in outdoor environments.My last contribution presented is about a visual contexts model. A second visual processing chain inspired by the primary visual cortex is proposed to build a coarse representation of the environment that modulates the activities of the visual place cells.The essay ends by giving a set of leads to improve different aspects of the proposed models, by modeling in more depth other brain structures or change the encoding of data for instance
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Chiari, Lucile. "Développement de nouveaux systèmes bio-hybrides pour la photocatalyse asymétrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV029.
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Au cours des dernières décennies, le développement d'une chimie durable est devenu une priorité pour notre société Dans ce contexte, la biocatalyse, par l’utilisation d’enzymes naturelles, modifiées ou artificielles constituées d’un catalyseur de synthèse greffé au sein d’une protéine apparait comme une solution intéressante.Dans ce projet, nous cherchons à développer des photocatalyseurs bio-hybrides combinant un photosensibilisateurs (RuPhot) et un catalyseurs (RuCat) au sein d'un cristal protéique pour la photocatalyse hétérogène d’oxydation asymétrique de substrats organiques en utilisant l’eau comme seule source d’atome d’oxygène. La protéine sélectionnée est le domaine d'oligomérisation de la protéine Leafy du Ginkgo biloba. Cette protéine est capable de générer des structures poreuses par auto-assemblage. A l'intérieur des tubes, une chaîne peptidique d'environ 30 acides aminés par monomère est présente et servira de plateforme de greffage. Trois systèmes hybrides cristallins avec RuPhot et RuCat seuls ainsi qu’avec une combinaison des deux ont été obtenus. La mise au point des techniques de caractérisation a été faite sur l’hybride RuCat apportant des informations intéressantes sur la cinétique et la sélectivité du greffage ainsi que sur une modification du catalyseur intervenant au cours du greffage. Les études réalisées sur l’hybrides RuPhot ont quant à elles montrées qu’il était possible, comme cela était planifié de greffer plusieurs chromophores par protéine et de pouvoir bénéficier ainsi d’un effet d’antenne pour une efficacité maximisée. Les études catalytiques pour l'oxydation des sulfures et des alcènes sont en cours.Dans un tout autre domaine, 16% de cette thèse a été consacré à un contrat de doctorat conseil auprès de l'entreprise NMRBio. L'objectif était de développer de nouvelles voies de synthèses de composés marqués par des isotopes stables en vue d'études structurales et dynamiques de protéines par RMNFor the last decades the development of sustainable chemistry became a priority for our society. In this context, biocatalysis appears to be an interesting solution, through the use of natural, modified or artificial enzymes consisting of a synthetic catalyst grafted into a protein.In this project, we aim to develop bio-hybrid photocatalysts combining a photosensitizer (RuPhot) and a catalyst (RuCat) within a protein crystal for heterogeneous asymmetric oxidation photocatalysis of organic substrates using water as the only source of oxygen atoms. The selected protein is the oligomerization domain of the Leafy protein of Ginkgo biloba. This protein is able to generate porous structures by self-assembly. Inside the tubes, a peptide chain of about 30 amino acids per monomer is present and it will serve as grafting platform. Three crystalline hybrid systems were obtained with RuPhot and RuCat alone as well as a combination of the two. The characterization was carried out on the RuCat hybrid providing interesting information on the kinetics and selectivity of grafting as well as on a modification of the catalyst during grafting. The studies carried out on the RuPhot hybrids have shown that it was possible, as planned, to graft several chromophores per protein and thus benefit from an antenna effect for maximum efficiency. Catalytic studies for the oxidation of sulphides and alkenes are underway.In a completely different field, 16% of this thesis was devoted to a doctoral consulting contract with the company NMRBio. The objective was to develop new pathways for the synthesis of stable isotope-labelled compounds in order to perform structural and dynamic NMR studies in proteins
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Karaouzene, Ali. "Construction sociale d'une esthétique artificielle : Berenson, un robot amateur d'art." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0903/document.
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Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à la problématique de la construction de l'esthétiquechez les humains. Nous proposons d'utiliser un robot comme modèle pour étudier les briquesde bases qui participent au développement des préférences esthétiques. Nous utilisons le termed'esthétique artificielle (E.A ) pour désigner les préférences du robot.Plusieurs travaux de recherche tentent d'établir des théories de l'esthétique que nous séparons icien deux approches. D'une part, les approches empiriques qui étudientles préférences esthétiques d'un point de vue expérimental. Nous nous intéressons notamment àune branche plus radicale des approches empiriques, nommée la neuroesthétique. Celle-ci postulel'existence de structures cérébrales dédiées à l'appréciation des scènes visuelles en général et de l'art en particulier.D'autre part, les approches sociales qui avancent que les préférences esthétiques se transmettent de générationen génération et se construisent selon l'historique de l'individu et de ses interactions avec les autres.Le contextualisme historique est une branchedes approches sociales qui établit un lien entre le contexte dans lequel une œuvre est observée et son appréciation.Sans remettre en cause l'approche neuroscientifique, nous avons choisi de nous positionner dans une approche sociale et développementaleen utilisant des méthodes expérimentales telles que celles utilisées en esthétique empirique.Nous étudions l'émergence du sens esthétique dans le cadre de la référenciation sociale.On appelle référenciation sociale la capacité à attribuer des valences émotionnelles à des objets a priori neutre.Nous testons nos hypothèses sur robot mobile dans un cadre d'interaction triadique : homme-robot objet.Ceci dans un milieu naturel centré sur des humains non initiés à la robotique.Les humains jouent le rôle d'enseignants (professeur) du robot. Ils ont la tâche de suivre le robot dans son développementet de lui enseigner leurs préférences pour lui permettre de développer son propre "goût".Nous avons choisi de mener nos expériences dans des milieux dominés par l'esthétique comme les musées ou les galeries d'art.Toutefois, ces expériences peuvent être menées en tout lieu où des humains et des objets seraient disponibles.Notre robot, nommé Berenson en référence à un célèbre historien de l'art du 19ème siècle, est un outilpour comprendre d'une part comment s'installent des interactions sociales et comment les humainsprêtent des intentions aux machines, et d'autres part il permet d'étudier les briques minimalesd'intelligence artificielle à mettre en place pour construire une esthétique artificielleIn this thesis we propose a robot as tool to study minimal bricks that helps human develop their aesthetic preferences. We refer to the robot preference using the term Artificial Esthetics (A.E).Several research work tries to establish a unified theory of esthetics. We divide them into two approaches. In one side, the empirical approaches which study esthetic preferences in an experimental manner. We mainly discuss the more radical branch of those approaches named "Neuroesthetic". Neuroesthetic advocates the existence of neural structures dedicated to visual scene preference and particularly to art appreciation. In another side, the social approaches which advocate that esthetic preferences are transmitted generation after generation, and they are built according to the individual historic and his interaction with others. Historical contextualism is a branch of the social approaches of art that draws a link between the appreciation of an artwork and the context where the artwork is observed.Without rejecting the neuroscientific approach, we choose a social and developmental way to study artificial esthetic using experimental methods from the empirical esthetic. We study the esthetic preferences development in the social referencing framework. Social referencing is the ability to attribute emotional values to à priori neutral objects. We test our hypothesis on a mobile robot in a triadic interaction : human-robot-object. This in a natural human centered environment. Humans play the role of the teachers. They have to fololow the robot in his development and teach it their preferences in order to help it develop its own "taste".We chose to conduct our experiment in places dominated by art and esthetics like museums and art galleries, however, this kind of experiment can take place anyway where human and objects are present.We named our robot Berenson in reference to a famous art historian of the 19th century. Berenson is a tool to understand how human project intentions into machines in one hand, and in the other hand the robot helps scientist build and understand minimal artificial intelligence bricks to build an artificial esthetic
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Martin, Benoit. "Méthode d'optimisation mixte bio-inspirée : application à l'imagerie multi-spectrale et à la mesure d'audience." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDM0008.
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Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode d’optimisation bio-inspirée basée sur le GWO avec pour but de pouvoir résoudre des problèmes d’optimisation dits mixtes, c’est-à-dire des problèmes composés de variables continues et discrètes. Cette nouvelle méthode baptisée mixed GWO est ensuite appliquée à 2 problématiques distincts.Tout d’abord, le mixed GWO pourra permettre d’améliorer la qualité de la classification d’image par SVM. En effet, la fiabilité d’un SVM va dépendre de ses paramètres d’entraînement, et il n’existe pas de méthode non empirique et non exhaustive permettant de définir ces paramètres pour un problème de classification donné. Le mixed GWO se propose comme une solution à ce problème de paramétrage. La classification doit permettre à l’entreprise IntuiSense d’ajouter une brique de reconnaissance de genre à son outil de mesure d’audience ISAM.Ensuite, le mixedGWO est employé pour faire du débruitage et du démêlage de spectres en simultanée sur des images multi-spectrales ou hyper-spectrales. En effet, la qualité du démêlage des spectres va être particulièrement dépendant de la qualité du débruitage de l’image : faire ces 2 étapes simultanément permet donc un gain de temps et une fiabilité des résultats bien plus intéressants que les faire l’une après l’autreThis thesis proposes a novel bio-inspired optimization method based on the GWOalgorithm, with the purpose of solving mixed optimization problems, i.e. problems with bothcontinuous and discrete variables. This novel method is named mixedGWO and is applied to2 distinct problematics.Firstly, the mixedGWO should permit to improve the quality of image classification bySVM. Indeed, a SVM accuracy will depend of its training parameters, and there is nonempirical and non exhaustive method to define these parameters for a given classificationproblem. Therefore, the mixedGWO can be used as a solution to this parametring problem.The improve classification should allow the company IntuiSense to add the gender recognition feature to its audience measurement tool ISAM.Secondly, the mixedGWO is used for joint denoising and unmixing of spectra in multispectral and hyper-spectral image processing. Indeed, the unmixing’s quality is stronglydependent of the denoising quality : doing these 2 steps simultaneously permits a gain oftime and a results’ accuracy way better than if they are done one after the other
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Cognet, Vincent. "Optimisation des éoliennes à axe horizontal par l'utilisation de pales flexibles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC218/document.
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L’éolien est un secteur industriel en pleine expansion, qui joue un rôle fondamental dans le développement des énergies renouvelables. Cependant ces machines sont performantes sur une plage de fonctionnement étroite. Afin d’adapter l’éolienne aux changements de vent, une solution actuellement mise en place sur certaines éoliennes commerciales consiste à faire varier l’angle de calage (ie l’inclinaison) des pales au cours de son fonctionnement. Cette méthode de contrôle actif élargit la plage de hauts rendements ainsi que la plage de fonctionnement global, et améliore le démarrage de l’éolienne, mais elle n’augmente pas le rendement maximal atteint par une éolienne à angle de calage optimal fixé. Cependant la complexité́ de cette méthode ainsi que ses coûts de conception, de construction et de maintenance la rende inaccessible pour beaucoup d’éoliennes, en particulier celles de petite taille. Récemment des recherches se sont orientées vers un contrôle passif de l’angle de calage. Dans cette thèse nous examinons expérimentalement et théoriquement l’intérêt d’utiliser des pales flexibles suivant la corde sur une éolienne à axe horizontal. L’étude se concentre sur deux questions : - comprendre le mécanisme de reconfiguration de la pale flexible bio-inspirée : la déformation de la pale est due à la compétition entre les forces aérodynamiques, qui augmentent l’angle de calage moyen, et la force centrifuge qui le diminue. Ces effets sont gouvernés par deux nombres adimensionnés, respectivement le nombre de Cauchy et le nombre centrifuge. - qualifier et quantifier le gain en performances de l’éolienne : une flexibilité́ de pale modérée élargit la plage de fonctionnement, et augmente significativement le rendement de l’éolienne, expérimentalement jusqu’à 35% sur la plage de hauts rendements. Une procédure d’optimisation visant à déterminer le matériau optimal de la pale flexible est présentée. Ces gains obtenus en régime stationnaire sont conservés expérimentalement en moyenne en régime instationnaire. Deux temps caractéristiques sont identifiés : le temps de reconfiguration de la pale flexible et le temps de variation de la fréquence de rotation de l’éolienneWind energy is a rapidly growing branch of industry, playing a significant role in the development of renewable energies. However these machines are efficient only on a narrow working range. In order to adapt wind turbines to wind changes, some commercial machines are pitch controlled during rotation. This active control method extends the high-efficiency range and the total working range, and improves the starting phase, but it does not increase the maximum efficiency reached by a wind turbine with the fixed optimal pitch angle. However this method is complex and costly (design, construction, maintenance). Thus it becomes cost-effective only for large wind turbines. Research recently focused on passive pitch control. In this thesis, the contribution of chord wise flexible blades is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The thesis concentrates on: - the reconfiguration mechanism of the bio-inspired flexible blade : the deformation is the result of the competition between aerodynamic forces, which increase the pitch angle, and the centrifugal force, which reduces it. These two effects are governed by two dimensionless numbers, respectively the Cauchy number and the centrifugal number. - how to qualify and quantify the efficiency gains : a moderate flexibility extends the working range, and significantly increases wind turbine efficiency, up to 35% on the high-efficiency working range. An optimization procedure is presented, which aims at determining the optimal material to construct the blade. These improvements measured in steady regime are maintained on average when rotational speed is unsteady. Two characteristic times are identified: the reconfiguration time of the flexible blade and the time of variation of the rotational speed of the wind turbine
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Shao, Junming. "Synchronization Inspired Data Mining." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-137356.
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Lee, Ji Hoon. "Tensegrity-inspired nanocomposite structures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44839.
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The main goal of this research is to construct hierarchical microstructures from polymer nanocomposites. Specifically, the research focused on constructing tensegrity-inspired microstructure where the nanoparticles are the compression members and the polymer matrix is tensile web. In order to achieve the tensegrity-inpired microstruture, the research was conducted with the following objectives.
1. Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles of controlled shapes using block copolymer templates.
2. Investigation of the effects of particle loadings and shapes on isotropic nanocomposite properties.
3. Construction of HAp building blocks into the tensegrity-inspired microstructures
First, in order to use the nanoparticles for this structure, needle-shaped HAp nanoparticles were synthesized using block copolymer templates. The results indicated that significant amount of polymer remained on particle surface. Since these particles were coated with polymer blocks, the decorated polymer blocks were considered as the interphase material which would be used to prestress the HAp nanoparticles, and the particles would be acted as the building blocks for constructing tensegrity-inspired microstructure. For nanocomposites, polymer coating on HAp nanoparticles promoted particle dispersion. The effect of particle shapes on thermomechanical properties did not show significant differences between the two particle systems due to their low aspect ratios and chemical similarity. However, the polymer crystallinity and crystallization showed different trend as a function of particle loadings in two particle systems, and the behavior was unified through a common particle spacing of approximately 120 nm. In order to investigate the effect of particle arrangement in the polymer matrix, needle-shaped HAp nanoparticles synthesized with two different block copolymers were mixed with different morphology of polymer matrices and manipulated particle arrangement using the drawing process. Nanocomposites prepared with different matrix morphologies showed the similar dispersion characteristics and reinforcement behavior. The experimental results showed the drawing process influenced the particle arrangement in the polymer matrix, and the particle arrangement and reinforcement behavior were influenced by polymer matrix morphology. The thermomechanical properties of both matrix systems enhanced through the drawing process in the glassy region, but the effect of degree of particle orientation was difficult to distinguish due to low aspect ratios of HAp particles which was not enough to impact on overall microstructure.
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Shao, Cheng. "Biologically-inspired optimal control." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3102.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Lethbridge, Alfred John. "Bio-inspired optical systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14727.
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This thesis presents an investigation into some of the structural colours that are produced in nature. There are many animals and plants that produce structural colour, with a particularly high structural colour diversity in insects. Of the species that exhibit structural colours, three species are the subjects for investigation of this thesis. Those comprise a group of beetles from South-East Asia, Torynorrhina flammea, a buttery, Parides sesostris and a fruit, Margaritaria nobilis, both from South American rainforests. The structures that produce the vivid colours of these species were analysed using electron microscopy. This information aided the design and creation of three inorganic, synthetic replicas of the natural structures. The fruit of Margaritaria nobilis was structurally analysed, yielding the discovery of a novel multilayer fibre. These fibres were cylindrical in design and were found to be layered together producing the epidermis of the fruit. The multilayer structure produced a vivid blue colour appearance, which is believed to offer a selective advantage because the colour deceives birds into thinking that the fruit contains nutritious flesh. This selective advantage earns M. nobilis the label of mimetic fruit. The structure found within the M. nobilis fruit epidermis inspired the synthesis of a structure which comprises single cylindrical multilayer fibres. The synthetic fibres were manufactured from elastic materials which allow the structure to be deformed under strain and, therefore, a change in colour can be observed. As the structure was stretched, this made the layers get thinner and, therefore, the colour of the fibre blue-shifted. The fibre was able to be stretched to over twice its original length which yields a shift in peak reflected wavelength of over 200 nm. Four beetles from the Torynorrhina flammea species were investigated with the aim of replicating the nanostructures responsible for their colour appearance. The initial interest in the beetles came from their strikingly vivid colour appearances. The structure responsible for the vivid colours in all four of the subspecies is a multilayer with high structural order and over 100 laminae. Both of these attributes contribute to the saturation of the colours exhibited. The multilayer was found to be intersected by an array of rods, the long axis of which is orthogonal to the surface. The rods are believed to be the cause of an interesting diffraction phenomenon exhibited by the beetles. Using imaging scatterometry, the structure was found to diffract the colour produced by the multilayers into an annulus around a specularly reflected white spot. This inspired the synthesis of a multilayer permeated with an array of holes with the aim of replicating a system that could reproduce the annular pattern of colour reflection. The initial synthesised system comprised a quarter-wave stack with a perfectly ordered hexagonal array of holes permeating the surface orthogonally. The sample displayed the scattering characteristics of a hexagonal array, and the reflection spectra of the multilayer stack. When disordered hexagonal arrays were milled into the structure with a focussed ion beam, the scattering pattern started to show more of the green colour from the multilayer and less of the ordered scattering pattern. The highly disordered, synthesised structure displayed no hexagonal scattering pattern, but instead it showed a highly scattered bluish-green colouration. One sample was created by directly mapping out the array of holes using an image of the original array from one of the beetle samples. This sample was expected the same annular diffraction pattern as the beetles, however, the sample instead exhibited the same scattering pattern as the highly disordered array. Some structurally coloured systems in nature have more than one light scattering structure, all of which contribute to the overall colour of the system. For complicated systems such as this, it is necessary to devise a technique to characterise the individual scattering structures separately. One such species that displays a complex, multicomponent system is Parides sesostris. The male of the species displays bright green patches on the dorsal side of the forewings which are made up of thousands of green wing scales. These green scales contain a 3D gyroid poly-crystal at centre with a membrane layer surrounding the underside of each scale and a scattering structure on top. Using focussed ion beam milling techniques allowed the individual characterisation of each of these structures. The gyroid poly-crystal was found to reflect not green but blue wavelengths. This led to the discovery by another group [1] that the scales contain at least one type of fluorophore. The removal of the membrane structure and some of the gyroid poly-crystal from the base of the scale resulted in the change of the overall scale structure from green to cyan. This suggests that the membrane maybe a significant source of fluorescence. Computational modelling, without fluorescence, suggests that the addition of the membrane layer to the gyroid does not shift the band-gap wavelengths; however, the overall reflection intensity does increase. The scattering structure on the top side of each scale is comprised a bi-grating which sits on top of the 3D gyroid structure. The long periodicity of the bi-grating protrudes above the surface, resulting in the very top layer of the scale to be a mono-grating. This whole structure decreases the angular-dependence of the colour by efficiently scattering the incident light into the gyroid and also scattering the reflected light from the gyroid, resulting in a double-scattering. FIB-milling was used to isolate the scattering part of the structure. Analysis of this component of the structure revealed that it was not a source of the green colour itself; however, it did show the characteristic scattering pattern of a mono-grating. The small periodicity of the bi-grating did not produce a scattering pattern since the periodicity is too small to produce optical diffraction at normal incidence. To characterise the effect of the fluorophores, the whole scale structure was photo-bleached using ultra-violet radiation for two months with the aim of destroying the fluorophores contained within the structure. The expected result occurred which was the blue-shifting of the peak reflected wavelengths. However, it could not be confirmed whether or not the photo-bleaching reduced the physical size of the light scattering structures which would, in theory, result in a blue-shift of the peak reflected wavelengths. The male P. sesostris green wing scales were also the subject for investigation for trying to make inorganic replicas of the gyroid-polycrystal. A surface sol-gel coating process was utilised to coat the green wing scales with titania. This coating process was performed using a few different methods. Half of the samples were coated with TiO2 and the other half with tin-doped TiO2. Half of each of these samples had their surfaces dendritically amplified before the coating processes and the other half were left untreated. The samples were coated with 25 surface sol-gel (SSG) cycles of each treatment at a time. After each 25 cycle treatment the samples were optically characterised. The total number of cycles applied to the samples at the end was 150. The addition of layers of titania resulted in a general red-shift that was higher for the tin-doped titania samples than for the titania samples. Another general trend found was that the samples that had their surfaces dendritically amplified, produced a lower red-shift in peak wavelength. This was contrary to the hypothesis that the amplification process was supposed to aid the SSG coating process and, therefore, increases the red-shift in peak wavelength.
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Gonos, Theophile. "Bio-inspired adaptive sensing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6217.
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Sensor array calibration is a major problem in engineering, to which a biological approach may provide alternative solutions. For animals, perception is relative. The aim of this thesis is to show that the relativity of perception in the animal kingdom could also be applied to robotics with promising results. This thesis explores through various behaviours and environments the properties of homeostatic mechanisms in sensory cells. It shows not only that the phenomenon can solve partial failure of sensors but also that it can be used by robots to adapt to their (changing) environment. Moreover the system shows emergent properties as well as adaptation to the robot body or its behaviour. The homeostatic mechanisms in biological neurons maintain fi ring activity between predefi ned ranges. Our model is designed to correct out of range neuron activity over a relatively long period of time (seconds or minutes). The system is implemented in a robot’s sensory neurons and is the only form of adaptability used in the central network. The robot was fi rst tested extensively with a mechanism implemented for obstacle avoidance and wall following behaviours. The robot was not only able to deal with sensor manufacture defects, but to adapt to changing environments (e.g. adapting to a narrow environment when it was originally in an open world). Emergence of non-implemented behaviours has also been observed. For example, during wall following behaviour, the robot seemed, at some point, bored. It changed the direction it was following the wall. Or we also noticed during obstacle avoidance an emerging exploratory behaviour. The model has also been tested on more complex behaviours such as skototaxis, an escape response, and phonotaxis. Again, especially with skototaxis, emergent behaviours appeared such as unpredictability on where and when the robot will be hiding. It appears that the adaptation is not only driven by the environment but by the behaviour of the robot too. It is by the complex feedback between these two things that non-implemented behaviours emerge. We showed that homeostasis can be used to improve sensory signal processing in robotics and we also found evidence that the phenomenon can be a necessary step towards better behavioural adaptation to the environment.
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Li, Jing. "Biologically-inspired building recognition." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575368.
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Building recognition has attracted much attention in computer vision research. However, existing building recognition systems have the following problems: I) extracted features are not biologically-related to human visual perception; 2) features are usually of high dimensionality, resulting in the curse of dimensionality; 3) semantic gap between low- level visual features and high-level image concepts; and 4) limited challenges set by published databases. To address the aforementioned problems, this thesis proposes two biologically-inspired building recognition schemes and creates a new building image database, i.e., the Sheffield Building Image Dataset. We propose the biologically-plausible building recognition (BPBR) scheme based on biologically-inspired features that can model the process of human visual perception. To deal with the curse of dimensionality, the dirnensionality of extracted features is reduced by linear discriminant analysis (LOA). Afterwards, classification is conducted by the nearest neighbour rule and the recognition rate is 85.25%, which is 11.93% higher than that of the hierarchical building recognition system. To fill the semantic gap, BPBR is further enhanced by applying a relevance feedback technique after dirnensionality reduction (OR) and a support vector machine (SYM) for classification. The recognition rate of the enhanced BPBR is 93.13%, which is 7.88% superior to the original BPBR scheme. In addition, different OR techniques are examined to find out how they affect building recognition performance. Motivated by the popularity of local features, we develop the local feature-based building recognition (LFBR) scheme. LFBR applies steerable filters to feature representation and utilizes max pooling to achieve compact representation and robustness to noise. After that, LOA is utilized for dimensionality reduction and recognition is implemented by a SYM. Compared with BPBR, LFBR is much better and achieves the performance of 94.66%. Based on a large number of statistical experiments on Sheffield Building Image Dataset, the indications are that our proposed schemes outperform the state-of-the-art building recognition systems in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
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Tsitiridis, Aristeidis. "Biologically-inspired machine vision." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8029.
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This thesis summarises research on the improved design, integration and expansion of past cortex-like computer vision models, following biologically-inspired methodologies. By adopting early theories and algorithms as a building block, particular interest has been shown for algorithmic parameterisation, feature extraction, invariance properties and classification. Overall, the major original contributions of this thesis have been: 1. The incorporation of a salient feature-based method for semantic feature extraction and refinement in object recognition. 2. The design and integration of colour features coupled with the existing morphological-based features for efficient and improved biologically-inspired object recognition. 3. The introduction of the illumination invariance property with colour constancy methods under a biologically-inspired framework. 4. The development and investigation of rotation invariance methods to improve robustness and compensate for the lack of such a mechanism in the original models. 5. Adaptive Gabor filter design that captures texture information, enhancing the morphological description of objects in a visual scene and improving the overall classification performance. 6. Instigation of pioneering research on Spiking Neural Network classification for biologically-inspired vision. Most of the above contributions have also been presented in two journal publications and five conference papers. The system has been fully developed and tested in computers using MATLAB under a variety of image datasets either created for the purposes of this work or obtained from the public domain.
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Smith, Lincoln. "Insect inspired visual homing." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443981.
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Walish, Joseph John. "Bio-inspired optical components." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45950.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references.
Guiding electro-magnetic radiation is fundamental to optics. Lenses, mirrors, and photonic crystals all accomplish this task by different routes. Understanding the interaction of light with materials is fundamental to improving and extending optical science and engineering as well as producing novel optical elements. Improvement in this understanding should not only include work to understand the interaction with traditional engineering materials but also should target the understanding of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with biological structures as millions of years of evolution have sorted out numerous ways to modulate light (e.g. the fish eye or the skin of the octopus). The goal of this thesis work is to fabricate novel optical elements by taking cues from nature and extending the state of the art in light guiding behavior. Here, optical elements are defined as structured materials that guide or direct electromagnetic radiation in a predetermined manner. The work presented in this thesis encompasses biologically inspired tunable multilayer reflectors made from block copolymers and improvements to liquid filled lenses which mimic the human eye.In this thesis a poly(styrene)-poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymer was used to create a bio-mimetic, one-dimensional, multilayer reflector. The wavelengths of light reflected from this multilayer reflector or Bragg stack were tuned by the application of stimuli which included temperature, change in the solvent environment, pH, salt concentration in the solvent, and electrochemistry.
(cont.) A linear-shear rheometer was also built to investigate the mechanochromic color change brought about through the shearing of a one-dimensional, high molecular-weight, block-copolymer, photonic gel. Biologically inspired lenses were also studied through the construction of a finite element model which simulated the behavior of a liquid-filled lens. Several tunable parameters, such as the modulus, internal residual stress, and thickness of the membrane were studied for their influence on the shape of the lens membrane. Based on these findings, suggestions for the reduction of spherical aberration in a liquid filled lens were made. A gradient in the elastic modulus of the membrane was also investigated for use in the reduction of spherical aberration.
by Joseph John Walish.
Ph.D.
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Canales, Andrés. "Fiber inspired neural probes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88380.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-39).
Limitations in the currently available technology for neural probes impede our progress towards a comprehensive brain activity map. The lack of understanding the brain function leads to limited options for the treatment of neurological disorders. In this thesis, I employed a two-step thermal drawing process (TDP), widely used in fabrication of optical fibers, to create arrays of metal microelectrodes embedded in a polymer cladding. The pitch and size of the electrodes were determined on the macroscale and preserved during the TDP. I have applied these fiber-inspired probes to record spontaneous and stimulated neural activity in vivo.
by Andrés Canales.
S.M.
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Johnson, Benjamin C. F. (Benjamin Cedar Fruehauf). "Bio-inspired swimming helix." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77023.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
This thesis investigated a bio-inspired swimming chain (BISH), inspired by Weelia cylindrica. After developing a model, it was used to investigate conditions under which helical motion would emerge. The properties of this chain as the number of nodes changes was also investigated, to see if the helical motion or other properties of its motion were emergent behaviors. Other modes of motion were also observed. Optimization of the angle of propulsion of each was performed, and other optimizations attempted, although practical difficulties prevented useful results. A ten node chain was constructed to empirically verify the helical mode of motion.
by Benjamin C. F. Johnson.
M.Eng.
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Han, Sarah (Sarah J. ). "Biologically inspired digital fabrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85422.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-40).
Objects and systems in nature are models for the practice of sustainable design and fabrication. From trees to bones, natural systems are characterized by the constant interplay of creation, environmental response, and analysis of current structural constituents, as part of a larger dynamic system. In contrast, traditional methods of digital design and fabrication are characterized by a linear progression of three main stages: modeling (digital generation in the digital domain), analysis (digital mapping of the physical domain), and fabrication (physical generation of the digital domain). Moving towards a system process where modeling, analysis, and fabrication are integrated together for the development of a dynamic process will transform traditional fabrication technology and bring about the creation of sustainable and more efficient synthetic environments. Integration of modeling, analysis, and fabrication into one fluid process requires the development of a fabrication platform with capabilities for real time control. This thesis explores and investigates the creation of a framework for real time control of industrial robotic arms as part of a multipurpose fabrication platform.
by Sarah Han.
M. Eng.
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Look, Gary Wai Keung 1978. "Cognitively-inspired direction giving." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44415.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-140).
Online mapping services and portable GPS units make it easy to get very detailed driving directions. While these directions are sufficient for an automaton to follow, they do not present a big picture description of the route. As a result, while people can follow these detailed turn-by-turn directions, it can be difficult for them to actually comprehend where they are going. Our goal is to make such directions more comprehensible. Our approach is to apply findings from human spatial cognition, the study of how people conceptualize and organize their knowledge of large-scale space, to create a system that generates written route overviews. Route overviews provide a big picture description of a route, and are intended to supplement the information in turn-by-turn directions. Our route overviews are based on cognitively-inspired design criteria such as: the use of spatial hierarchy, goal-directed descriptions, selective suppression of detail, and the use of the trunk segments and cognitive anchor points along the route. In our experiments, we show that we can make directions more comprehensible independent of the particular places a person knows - by using what we know about how people think about space to structure the way we present spatial information.
by Gary Wai Keung Look.
Ph.D.
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Chan, Brian 1980. "Bio-inspired fluid locomotion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49762.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99).
We have developed several novel methods of locomotion at low Reynolds number, for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids: Robosnails 1 and 2, which operate on a lubrication layer, and the three-link swimmer which moves in an unbounded fluid. Robosnail 1 utilizes lubrication pressures generated in a Newtonian fluid under a steadily undulating foot to propel itself forward. Tractoring force and velocity measurements are in agreement with analytic and numerical solutions. Robosnail 2, modeled after real land snails, uses in-plane compressions of a flat foot on a mucus substitute such as Laponite or Carbopol. Robosnail 2 exploits the non-Newtonian qualities (yield-stress, shear thinning) of the fluid solution to locomote. The glue-like behavior of the unyielded fluid allows Robosnail 2 to climb up a 90 degree incline or inverted 180 degree surfaces. The three-link swimmer is a device composed of three rigid links interconnected by two out-of-phase oscillating joints. It is the first experimental test that successfully demonstrates that a swimmer of its kind can translate in the Stokes limit.
by Brian Chan.
Ph.D.
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Howl, Richard. "E6 inspired supersymmetric models." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/161217/.
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This work investigates extensions to the Standard Model that are inspired by supersymmetric models with an E6 gauge group. The models are non-minimal supersymmetric theories which keep the Higgs mass stable against the quantum corrections from higher energy physics, but do not contain the mu-problem or little hierarchy problem of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Also, unlike conventional Grand Unified Theories, the E6 inspired models do not contain any doublet-triplet splitting and the Minimal E6 Supersymmetric Model (ME6SSM) only contains complete E6 multiplets at low energies. A particularly exciting feature of the ME6SSM is the prediction of gauge coupling unification at the Planck scale rather than the conventional GUT scale, hinting at a potential unification of the Standard Model forces with quantum gravity. If extended with a discrete non-Abelian family symmetry, the E6 inspired models can explain the masses and mixings of the quarks and leptons that are observed in particle experiments. These are not understood in the Standard Model since they are free parameters, creating a flavour problem for the theory. Extending the Standard Model or MSSM with a family symmetry oers an attractive resolution to the flavour problem, and the recent discovery of neutrino oscillations, which indicate a high-level of symmetry in the lepton mixings, has led to a renewed interest in these models. However, explaining why the Higgs mass is small is essential in these models since it sets the scale for the quark and lepton masses. This motivates the synthesis of a family symmetry with the E6 inspired supersymmetric models, which resolves a number of problems facing the Standard Model including the hierarchy problem and the avour problem. A particular success of the resulting models is their ability to suppress proton decay and favour changing neutral currents, from supersymmetry and extended Higgs sectors, using the same family symmetry that is responsible for a tri-bi-maximal mixing of leptons.
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Broderick, Jane Tingle. "Emergent Reggio Inspired Curriculum." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4244.
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Pillai, Karthik. "Bio-inspired Cellulose Nanocomposites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28575.
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Natural composites like wood are scale-integrated structures that range from molecular to the macroscopic scale. Inspired by this design, layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique was used to create lignocellulosic composites from isolated wood polymers namely cellulose and lignin, with a lamellar architecture. In the first phase of the study, adsorption of alkali lignin onto cationic surfaces was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Complete coverage of the cationic surface with alkali lignin occured at low solution concentration; large affinity coefficients were calculated for this system at differing pH levels. Adsorption studies with organosolv lignin in an organic solvent, and spectroscopic analysis of mixtures of cationic polymer with alkali lignin revealed a non-covalent interaction. The work demonstrated how noncovalent interactions could be exploited to molecular organize thin polyphenolic biopolymers on cationic surfaces. The second phase of the study examined the adsorption steps during the LbL assembly process to create novel lignocellulosic composites. LbL assembly was carried out using oxidized nanocellulose (NC) and lignin, along with a cationic polymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). QCM-D was used to follow the sequential adsorption process of the three different polymers. Two viscoelastic models, namely Johannsmann and Voigt, were respectively used to calculate the areal mass and thickness of the adsorbed layers. Atomic force microscopy studies showed a complete coverage of the surface with lignin in all the disposition cycles, however, surface coverage with NC was seen to increase with the number of layers. Free-standing composite films were obtained when the LbL process was carried out for 250 deposition cycles (500 bilayers) on a cellulose acetate substrate, following the dissolution of the substrate in acetone. Scanning electron microscopy of the cryo-fractured cross-sections showed a lamellar structure, and the thickness per adsorption cycle was estimated to be 17 nm. The third phase of the study investigated the effect of LbL ordering of the polymers versus a cast film composed of a blended mixture of the polymers, using dynamic mechanical analysis. A tan ï ¤ peak was observed in the 30 â 40 ºC region for both films, which was observed in the neat NC film. Heating of the samples under a compressive force produced opposite effects in the films, as the LbL films exhibited swelling, whereas the cast films showed densification. The apparent activation energy of this transition (65 â 80 kJ mol-1) in cast films, calculated based on the Arrhenius equation was found to be coincident to those reported for the ï ¢ transition of amorphous cellulose. The peak was seen to disappear in case of LbL films in the second heat, whereas it was recurring in case of cast films of the blended mixture, and neat NC films. Altogether, the together the work details a novel path to integrate an organized lignin and cellulose molecular structure, albeit modified from their native form, into a three-dimensional composite material.Ph. D.
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Shi, Weiwei. "Tree-Inspired Water Harvesting." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97604.
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In this work, we were motivated to develop novel devices for water harvesting inspired by natural trees, and to understand their collection efficiency and working principles. We accomplished that with scale-model and large-scale fog harps, floating leaves, and synthetic trees. Fluids mechanics, physics, and thermodynamics were applied to solve the problems and rationalize the results. Redwood-inspired fog harps were designed with stainless steel vertical wires, using 3D-printing and laser-cutting techniques. Fog harps always harvested more water than any of the meshes, tested both under heavy fog and light fog conditions. The aerodynamic efficiency, deposition efficiency, and sliding efficiency were calculated to compare the fog harvesting performance. These findings provide insight into the new design of fog harvesters with high-efficiency fog harvesting performance, and future development of large fog harps, applied into regions even with light fog conditions, as an economically viable means. synthetic trees were fabricated with a nanoporous ceramic disk and silicone tubes. This tree system was tested in an environmental chamber (6 cm short trees) or a plant growth chamber (3m tall trees), both with controlled ambient humidities. The system pressure was calculated with Darcy's equation, Poiseuille equation and Laplace equation. The stable transpiration can happen to any scalable tree, which pumps water up an array of large tubes. Our synthetic trees, like natural trees, have the ability to lift water across a wide range of water temperatures and ambient humidities. They can be used as the large-scale evaporation-driven hydraulic pump, for example, pumped storage hydropower, filtration, underground water extraction.Doctor of Philosophy
The purpose of this work is to investigate and characterize novel techniques for water harvesting that are inspired by natural trees. We are interested in two modes of water harvesting in particular: fog harps and synthetic trees. Fog harps were comprised of only vertical wires, inspired by the parallel structures of redwoods, which can capture and shed off fog droplets efficiently. Fog harps harvested more water than the traditional mesh nets, both under heavy fog and light fog conditions. Redwood-inspired fog harps have the high-efficient fog harvesting performance. They can be set up at coastal deserts to collect water from fog, where there is scarce rainfall but plenty of fog, like Chile, Peru and South Africa. Synthetic trees were designed with nanoporous disk (leaf) and tubes (xylem conduits), inspired by the transpiration process in natural trees. This transpiration-powered pump can lift water against the gravity at large scales, driven by the water evaporating from the nanopores. They can be used as the large-scale evaporation-driven hydraulic pump, for example, pumped storage hydropower, filtration, underground water extraction.
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Varadarajan, Aravind Krishnan. "Improving Bio-Inspired Frameworks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97506.
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In this thesis, we provide solutions to two different bio-inspired algorithms. The first is enhancing the performance of bio-inspired test generation for circuits described in RTL Verilog, specifically for branch coverage. We seek to improve upon an existing framework, BEACON, in terms of performance. BEACON is an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based test generation framework. Similar to other ACO frameworks, BEACON also has a good scope in improving performance using parallel computing. We try to exploit the available parallelism using both multi-core Central Processing Units (CPUs) and Graphics Processing Units(GPUs). Using our new multithreaded approach we can reduce test generation time by a factor of 25�-- compared to the original implementation for a wide variety of circuits. We also provide a 2-dimensional factoring method for BEACON to improve available parallelism to yield some additional speedup. The second bio-inspired algorithm we address is for Deep Neural Networks. With the increasing prevalence of Neural Nets in artificial intelligence and mission-critical applications such as self-driving cars, questions arise about its reliability and robustness. We have developed a test-generation based technique and metric to evaluate the robustness of a Neural Nets outputs based on its sensitivity to its inputs. This is done by generating inputs which the neural nets find difficult to classify but at the same time is relatively apparent to human perception. We measure the degree of difficulty for generating such inputs to calculate our metric.MS
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Tashan, T. "Biologically inspired speaker verification." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2012. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/89/.
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Speaker verification is an active research problem that has been addressed using a variety of different classification techniques. However, in general, methods inspired by the human auditory system tend to show better verification performance than other methods. In this thesis three biologically inspired speaker verification algorithms are presented. The first is a vowel-dependent speaker verification method that uses a modified Self Organising Map (SOM) algorithm. For each speaker, a seeded SOM is trained to produce representative Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) models of three vowels from a spoken input using positive samples only. This SOM training is performed both during a registration phase and during each subsequent verification attempt. Speaker verification is achieved by computing the Euclidean distance between the registration and verification SOM trained weight sets. An analysis of the comparative system performance when using DFT input vectors, as well as Linear Prediction Code (LPC) spectrum and Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) alternative input features indicates that the DFT spectrum outperforms both MFCC and LPC features. The algorithm was evaluated using 50 speakers from the Centre for Spoken Language Understanding (CSLU2002) speaker verification database. The second method consists of two neural network stages. The first stage is the modified SOM which now operates as a vowel clustering stage that filters the input speech data and separates it into three sets of vowel information. The second stage then contains three Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) networks; each acting as a distinct vowel verifier. Adding this second stage allows the use of negative sample training. The input of each MLP network is the respective filtered output vowel data from the first stage. The DFT spectrum is again used as the input feature vector due to its optimal performance in the first algorithm. The overall system was evaluated using the same dataset as used in the first algorithm, showing improved verification performance when compared to the algorithm without using the MLP stage. The third biologically plausible method is a speaker verification algorithm that uses a positive-sample-only trained self organising map composed of spiking neurons. The architecture of the system is inspired by the biomechanical mechanism of the human auditory system which converts speech into electrical spikes inside the cochlea. A spike-based rank order coding input feature vector is proposed that is designed to be representative of the real biological spike trains found within the human auditory nerve. The Spiking Self Organising Map (SSOM) updates its winner neuron only when its activity exceeds a specified threshold. The algorithm is evaluated using the same 50 speaker dataset from the CSLU2002 speaker verification database and the results indicate that the SSOM verification performance is comparable to the non-spike based SOM. Finally, a new speech detection technique to detect speech activity within speech signals is also proposed. This novel technique uses the linear correlation coefficient (Parson Coefficient). The correlation is calculated in the frequency domain between neighbouring frames of DFT spectrum feature vectors. By summing the correlation coefficients within a sliding window over time, a correlation envelope is produced, which can be used to identify speech activity. The proposed technique is compared with a conventional energy frame analysis method and shows greater robustness against changes in speech volume level. A comparison of the two techniques, in terms of speaker verification application performance, is presented in Appendix A using 240 speech waveforms from the CSLU2002 speaker verification database.
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Venkateswaran, Swaminath. "Conception d'un robot bio-inspiré pour l'inspection des canalisations." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0024.
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Les robots d'inspection de canalisations jouent un rôle important dans des industries telles que le nucléaire, la chimie et les eaux usées. Ils peuvent opérer avec précision dans un environnement irradié ou pollué, réduisant ainsi les risques pour les humains. Cette thèse porte sur la conception d'un robot bio-inspiré pour l'inspection des canalisations. La thèse commence par l'étude du cas d'un robot d'inspection bio-inspiré rigide qui a été développé au LS2N, France pour AREVA. Des modèles statiques et dynamiques sont développés pour comprendre les forces de serrage et les couples des actionneurs du robot. Des validations expérimentales sont également effectuées sur le prototype pour interpréter les forces d’actionnement en temps réel. Pour améliorer sa mobilité, l'architecture du robot est rendue flexible par l'ajout d'un mécanisme de tenségrité. Deux types de mécanismes de tenségrité sont proposés et analysés avec des méthodes algébriques pour comprendre leurs limites d'inclinaison et pour connaître l’influence des paramètres de conception. Des expériences sont réalisées sur l'un des prototypes des mécanismes de tenségrité développés au LS2N avec deux types de trajectoire en positions horizontale et verticale. Ensuite, une optimisation est réalisée pour identifier les moteurs qui peuvent permettre du robot d'inspection de canalisation flexible de passer les coudes et les jonctions pour une plage donnée de diamètres de tuyaux. Une maquette numérique du robot flexible est réalisée dans un logiciel de CAOPiping inspection robots play an important role in industries such as nuclear, chemical and sewage. They can perform the assigned task with better accuracy and at the same time, they can operate within an irradiated or a polluted environment thereby reducing the risks for humans. This doctoral thesis focuses on the design of a bio-inspired robot for the inspection of pipelines. The thesis begins with the case study of a rigid bio-inspired piping inspection robot which was developed at LS2N, France for a project with AREVA. Static and dynamic force models are developed to understand the clamping forces and the torques on the actuators of the robot. Experimental validations are then done on the prototype to interpret the real-time actuator forces. In order to improve mobility, the robot architecture is made flexible by the addition of a Tensegrity mechanism. Two types of Tensegrity mechanisms are proposed and analyzed using algebraic methods to understand their tilt limits and to identify the influences on the design parameters. Experiments are performed on one of the prototypes of the Tensegrity mechanism developed at LS2N for two types of trajectories in the vertical and horizontal orientations. An optimization approach is then being implemented to identify the sizes of motors that can permit the flexible piping inspection robot to overcome bends and junctions for a given range of pipeline diameters. A digital model of the flexible robot is then realized in CAD software
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Mesquida, Thomas. "Méthode de calcul et implémentation d’un processeur neuromorphique appliqué à des capteurs évènementiels." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT117/document.
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L’étude du fonctionnement de notre système nerveux et des mécanismes sensoriels a mené à la création de capteurs événementiels. Ces capteurs ont un fonctionnement qui retranscrit les atouts de nos yeux et oreilles par exemple. Cette thèse se base sur la recherche de méthodes bio-inspirés et peu coûteuses en énergie permettant de traiter les données envoyées par ces nouveaux types de capteurs. Contrairement aux capteurs conventionnels, nos rétines et cochlées ne réagissent qu’à l’activité perçue dans l’environnement sensoriel. Les implémentations de type « rétine » ou « cochlée » artificielle, que nous appellerons capteurs dynamiques, fournissent des trains d’évènements comparables à des impulsions neuronales. La quantité d’information transmise est alors étroitement liée à l’activité présentée, ce qui a aussi pour effet de diminuer la redondance des informations de sortie. De plus, n’étant plus contraint à suivre une cadence d’échantillonnage, les événements créés fournissent une résolution temporelle supérieure. Ce mode bio-inspiré de retrait d’information de l’environnement a entraîné la création d’algorithmes permettant de suivre le déplacement d’entité au niveau visuel ou encore reconnaître la personne parlant ou sa localisation au niveau sonore, ainsi que des implémentations d’environnements de calcul neuromorphiques. Les travaux que nous présentons s’appuient sur ces nouvelles idées pour créer de nouvelles solutions de traitement. Plus précisément, les applications et le matériel développés s’appuient sur un codage temporel de l’information dans la suite d'événements fournis par le capteurStudying how our nervous system and sensory mechanisms work lead to the creation of event-driven sensors. These sensors follow the same principles as our eyes or ears for example. This Ph.D. focuses on the search for bio-inspired low power methods enabling processing data from this new kind of sensor. Contrary to legacy sensors, our retina and cochlea only react to the perceived activity in the sensory environment. The artificial “retina” and “cochlea” implementations we call dynamic sensors provide streams of events comparable to neural spikes. The quantity of data transmitted is closely linked to the presented activity, which decreases the redundancy in the output data. Moreover, not being forced to follow a frame-rate, the created events provide increased timing resolution. This bio-inspired support to convey data lead to the development of algorithms enabling visual tracking or speaker recognition or localization at the auditory level, and neuromorphic computing environment implementation. The work we present rely on these new ideas to create new processing solutions. More precisely, the applications and hardware developed rely on temporal coding of the data in the spike stream provided by the sensors
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Douib, Ameur. "Algorithmes bio-inspirés pour la traduction automatique statistique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0005/document.
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Différentes composantes des systèmes de traduction automatique statistique sont considérées comme des problèmes d'optimisations. En effet, l'apprentissage du modèle de traduction, le décodage et l'optimisation des poids de la fonction log-linéaire sont trois importants problèmes d'optimisation. Savoir définir les bons algorithmes pour les résoudre est l'une des tâches les plus importantes afin de mettre en place un système de traduction performant. Plusieurs algorithmes d'optimisation sont proposés pour traiter les problèmes d'optimisation du décodeur. Ils sont combinés pour résoudre, d'une part, le problème de décodage qui produit une traduction dans la langue cible d'une phrase source, d'autre part, le problème d'optimisation des poids des scores combinés dans la fonction log-linéaire pour d'évaluation des hypothèses de traduction au cours du décodage. Le système de traduction statistique de référence est basé sur un algorithme de recherche en faisceau pour le décodage, et un algorithme de recherche linéaire pour l'optimisation des poids associés aux scores. Nous proposons un nouveau système de traduction avec un décodeur entièrement basé sur les algorithmes génétiques. Les algorithmes génétiques sont des algorithmes d'optimisation bio-inspirés qui simulent le processus de l'évolution naturelle des espèces. Ils permettent de manipuler un ensemble de solutions à travers plusieurs itérations pour converger vers des solutions optimales. Ce travail, nous permet d'étudier l'efficacité des algorithmes génétiques pour la traduction automatique statistique. L'originalité de notre proposition est de proposer deux algorithmes : un algorithme génétique, appelé GAMaT, comme décodeur pour un système de traduction statistique à base de segments, et un algorithme génétique, appelé GAWO, pour l'optimisation des poids de la fonction log-linéaire afin de l'utiliser comme fonction fitness pour GAMaT. Nous proposons également, une approche neuronale pour définir une nouvelle fonction fitness pour GAMaT. Cette approche consiste à utiliser un réseau de neurones pour l'apprentissage d'une fonction qui combine plusieurs scores, évaluant différents aspects d'une hypothèse de traduction, combinés auparavant dans la fonction log-linéaire, et qui prédit le score BLEU de cette hypothèse de traduction. Ce travail, nous a permis de proposer un nouveau système de traduction automatique statistique ayant un décodeur entièrement basé sur des algorithmes génétiquesDifferent components of statistical machine translation systems are considered as optimization problems. Indeed, the learning of the translation model, the decoding and the optimization of the weights of the log-linear function are three important optimization problems. Knowing how to define the right algorithms to solve them is one of the most important tasks in order to build an efficient translation system. Several optimization algorithms are proposed to deal with decoder optimization problems. They are combined to solve, on the one hand, the decoding problem that produces a translation in the target language for each source sentence, on the other hand, to solve the problem of optimizing the weights of the combined scores in the log-linear function to fix the translation evaluation function during the decoding. The reference system in statistical translation is based on a beam-search algorithm for the decoding, and a line search algorithm for optimizing the weights associated to the scores. We propose a new statistical translation system with a decoder entirely based on genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithms are bio-inspired optimization algorithms that simulate the natural process of evolution of species. They allow to handle a set of solutions through several iterations to converge towards optimal solutions. This work allows us to study the efficiency of the genetic algorithms for machine translation. The originality of our work is the proposition of two algorithms: a genetic algorithm, called GAMaT, as a decoder for a phrase-based machine translation system, and a second genetic algorithm, called GAWO, for optimizing the weights of the log-linear function in order to use it as a fitness function for GAMaT. We propose also, a neuronal approach to define a new fitness function for GAMaT. This approach consists in using a neural network to learn a function that combines several scores, which evaluate different aspects of a translation hypothesis, previously combined in the log-linear function, and that predicts the BLEU score of this translation hypothesis. This work allowed us to propose a new machine translation system with a decoder entirely based on genetic algorithms
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Johnson, Gabriella, and Ebba Schmid. "Business Improvement Districts- Fallstudie avseende tillämpning, framgångsfaktorer och utveckling ur ett svenskt perspektiv." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277087.
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Business Improvement Districts, BID, är en internationellt etablerad platssamverkansmodell som möjliggör samverkan mellan offentlig och privat sektor inom vilket offentliga och privata aktörer, fastighetsägare och handel samverkar för utveckling och förvaltning av den fysiska miljön. Det första BID-projektet lanserades i Toronto, Kanada, under 1960-talet och modellen har sedan dess utvecklats och idag tillämpas modellen i flertalet länder runt om i världen. Internationellt är BID ofta reglerat genom lagstiftning där fastighetsägare och näringsidkare, på geografiskt avgränsade platser, är förpliktade att bidra genom ekonomiska avgifter och engagemang för att öka attraktivitet och trygghet. I Sverige finns det i dagsläget ingen lagstiftning avseende BID-inspirerad platssamverkan. Istället samarbetar den offentliga och privata sektorn genom frivilligt engagemang och åtagande för att skapa attraktiva och trygga platser. En kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskningsmetod har tillsammans med en tolkande analys tillämpats för att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor. Studien påvisar demografiska och ekonomiska effekter som uppkommit till följd av BID-inspirerad platssamverkan i fem svenska kommuner. Vidare fastslås fyra generella framgångsfaktorer som anses väsentliga för ett lyckat projekt. Studien visar även att det ur ett svenskt perspektiv inte är relevant att ändra befintlig lagstiftning likt internationell implementering. Istället föreslås en nationell paraplyorganisation som tillhandahåller kunskap och erfarenheter kring BID-inspirerad platssamverkan.Business Improvement Districts, BID, is an internationally established model which enables cooperation between the public and private sector together with real estate owners, retailers and actors to develop and manage the built environment. The first BID project was established in Toronto, Canada, in the 1960’s and the model has since been improved and applied in numerous countries worldwide. Internationally, BID is regulated by law where real estate owners and businesses, on a geographically delimited site, are obliged to contribute by tolls and engagement in order to increase the attractiveness and safety on site. In Sweden, such regulations are absent. Instead, collaboration between the private and public are conducted through non-compulsory work. By a qualitative and quantitative method, following study states that it is possible to distinguish demographical and economical effects created by BID in five Swedish municipalities. Further, the study identifies important key factors which generate a successful BID project. The study also discusses if Sweden should, like what has been done internationally, legislate a BID model suitable for Sweden.
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Mokhtar, Maizura. "Bio-Inspired Autonomous Hardware Neuro-controller Device on an FPGA Inspired by the Hippocampus." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490697.
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One method in achieving artificial intelligence is by emulating biological concepts onto an electronic device, specifically how a biological organism governs its behaviour. This research project investigates how the hippocampus works; and attempts to model this region of the brain onto an electronic device. The hippocampus is chosen because this is one of the regions in the brain responsible for learning and memory. This study uses models of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus as well as its spatial representation as the design components for a hardware neuro-controller module. The method chosen to model the individual neurons is the two-dimensional bio-inspired Izhikevich algorithm that has the ability to describe a variety of neuron dynamic behaviours observed in the brain. The hippocampus-inspired spiking neural network architecture also includes place cells/place field representation, a rate-based representation that provides spatial representation of the environment to the hippocampus. A biological nervous system is a dynamical system; it is governed by the learning rules that adjust the strength of connectivity between the neurons in the neural network. These learning rules are implemented to the hippocampus-inspired spiking neural network to allow the neural network to perform its task of path navigation. Following successful simulations of the software prototype of the neural network architecture in performing its desired task, this architecture is then synthesized onto a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. This is to allow the neural network architecture to be utilized as a neuro-controller device for the purpose of path navigation, creates memories, and thus achieving autonomy.
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Roux, Yoann. "Développement de catalyseurs d'oxydation bio-inspirés pour une chimie plus respectueuse de l'environnement." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS142/document.
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L’un des principaux verrous scientifique rencontré au cours du développement de catalyseurs d’oxydation bio-inspirés concerne l’étape de réduction du métal pour permettre l’activation du dioxygène. Pour essayer de lever ce verrou, nous avons développé un système macromoléculaire composé d’un polymère hydrosoluble dans lequel deux types de cofacteurs sont incorporés ; (1) des cofacteurs redox capables de collecter des électrons issus d’un réducteur en solution, et (2) des cofacteurs catalytiques capables d’activer le dioxygène. De façon à permettre l’incorporation de ces cofacteurs au sein du polymère, ce dernier a été modifié avec différents groupement chimiques qui ont étés quantifiés par RMN du proton dans l’eau. Par ailleurs, la synthèse de différents complexes métalliques, connus pour être de bons catalyseurs d’oxydation, tels que des métalloporphyrines ou des complexes mononucléaire et binucléaire de fer et de cuivre, a été réalisée. Ces catalyseurs ont d’abord été étudiés avec H2O2 dans l’eau en présence ou en absence de polymère. En parallèle, l’incorporation de la FMN par interactions électrostatiques au sein du polymère a permis de générer un système capable de collecter les électrons de NADH en solution. Cette réduction s’est avérée 4 000 fois plus rapide que la réduction sans polymère modifié. Cette réductase artificielle (FMN+ PEI modifié) a ensuite été démontrée capable de réduire très efficacement les porphyrines de manganèse (III) ainsi que d’autres complexes métalliques. Au cours de l’étude, la capacité de ce système à séparer les électrons provenant de NADH a également été mis en avant. Finalement, cette réductase artificielle a été associée à différents catalyseurs métalliques afin d’étudier leur activité sur la réaction d’oxydation du thioanisole, ou d’autres substrats, par activation réductrice du dioxygèneA major scientific lock encountered during the development of bio-inspired oxidation catalysts is the metal reduction step to allow activation of dioxygen. In this optic, we have developped a macromolecular system composed of a water-soluble polymer in which two kinds of cofactors are incorporated; (1) redox cofactors capable of collecting electrons from a reducing agent in solution, and (2) catalytic cofactors capable of activating oxygen. In order to allow the incorporation of these co-factors within the polymer, the latter one has been modified by various chemical groups which have been quantified by proton NMR in water. Furthermore, the synthesis of various metal complexes, known as good oxidation catalysts, such as metalloporphyrins or mononuclear and dinuclear complexes of iron and copper was performed.These catalysts were first studied with H2O2 in water in the presence or the absence of polymer. In parallel, the incorporation of FMN by electrostatic interactions within the polymer has generated a system capable of collecting the electrons of NADH in solution. This reduction was found 4 000 times faster than the reduction without modified polymer. This artificial reductase (FMN + PEI modified) was then demonstrated to very efficiently reduce manganese porphyrins as well as other metal complexes. During this study, the ability of the system to split electron pairs collected from NADH has also been demonstrated. Finally, this artificial reductase has been associated with various metal catalysts in order to study their catalytic activity for various oxidation reaction using dioxygen