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Journal articles on the topic 'Instalments of the Premiums'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Marsden, Alastair, and Russell Poskitt. "The Pricing of Instalments Receipts: New Zealand Evidence." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 07, no. 03 (September 2004): 423–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091504000172.

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We examine the pricing of instalments receipts ("IRs") issued on the New Zealand stock market that trade concurrently with the underlying shares. An IR is a security that has identical entitlements to dividends receipts as the holder of an ordinary share but allows the holder to acquire the ordinary share with fixed pre-scheduled payments spread over a period of time. Similar to Charupat and Prisman (2004) for IRs traded in the Canadian market, we find that IRs of secondary offerings in the New Zealand market trade at an economically significant premium in the immediate period following their initial issue. The premium then declines over time and becomes negative in the period prior to the final instalment payment date. Our study suggests the benefits of IRs are not unique to one institutional environment and that issuers can increase the demand for new securities by overcoming investors' borrowing restrictions.

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2

Solner, Anna. "Instytucja udzielania ulg w spłacie zobowiązań z tytułu należności wynikających ze zwrotu środków europejskich." Prawo 322 (July 6, 2017): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.322.7.

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The institution of granting tax relief in the repayment of obligation resulting from the European funds refundThe purpose of this article is to indicate principles of granting tax relief in the repayment of obligations resulting from the European funds refund based on the administrative resolution given by the administrative body in cases when European funds disbursed as part of operational programmes were used contrary to its intended purpose, with violating procedures, charged undue or in the excess height. The article distinguishes three types of tax relief: redemption in one piece or in part, postponing the repayment and spreading in instalments. It determines detailed principles of granting tax break for beneficiaries of not drivers of the business activity as well as for entrepreneurs, granted at the request of the beneficiary, as well as ex officio. The article is defining premises of granting these concessions i.e. the important interest of the taxpayer or the public interest. It is clarifying the principles of basing the administrative resolution on the administrative recognition and in case of entrepreneurs with reference to tax relieves constituting the state aid. The institution of granting concessions in the repayment is the exception from the principle of the universality and the equality of regulating these obligations. Irrespective of the entity initiating proceedings, relief can be granted only where justified, within the limits closely defined by the law. Granting it constitutes privilege of the beneficiary more than a rule.

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3

Blinn, Ming, M. J. Goovaerts, F. de Vylder, and J. Haezendonck. "Insurance Premiums." Journal of Risk and Insurance 54, no. 2 (June 1987): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/252871.

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4

Hoelzl, Erik, Bernadette Kamleitner, and Erich Kirchler. "Loan repayment plans as sequences of instalments." Journal of Economic Psychology 32, no. 4 (August 2011): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.002.

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5

Swart, B., and A. Venter. "Analysing some exotic options: EDS, instalments shares." Investment Analysts Journal 37, no. 67 (January 2008): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10293523.2008.11082499.

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6

Fama, Eugene F. "Term premiums and default premiums in money markets." Journal of Financial Economics 17, no. 1 (September 1986): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(86)90010-3.

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7

Cook, Douglas O., Carolin D. Schellhorn, and Lewis J. Spellman. "Lender certification premiums." Journal of Banking & Finance 27, no. 8 (August 2003): 1561–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4266(02)00278-9.

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8

Owen, EoghanR T. C. "MEDICAL DEFENCE PREMIUMS." Lancet 332, no. 8614 (October 1988): 798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92451-8.

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9

Wiley, Jonathan A. "Gross Lease Premiums." Real Estate Economics 42, no. 3 (December 26, 2013): 606–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.12036.

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10

Carr, Peter, and Liuren Wu. "Variance Risk Premiums." Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 3 (April 10, 2008): 1311–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn038.

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11

Schlossberger, Eugene. "Setting Premiums Ethically." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 20, no. 2 (2006): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap200620223.

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12

Ambarish, R., and J. G. Kallberg. "Multivariate risk premiums." Theory and Decision 22, no. 1 (January 1987): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00125658.

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13

Eisner, Joseph. "UNPREDICTABLE INSURANCE PREMIUMS." Bottom Line 3, no. 3 (March 1990): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb025244.

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14

Kopit, William. "Consolidation And Premiums." Health Affairs 24, no. 1 (January 2005): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.24.1.294-a.

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15

Chaves, Denis B. "Time-Varying Risk Premiums and Term Premiums in Commodity Futures." Journal of Alternative Investments 19, no. 4 (March 31, 2017): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jai.2017.19.4.039.

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16

Siviero, Monica, and Carlo Violani. "Drawings for an exacting author: illustrations from Giovanni Antonio Scopoli's Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae." Archives of Natural History 33, no. 2 (October 2006): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2006.33.2.214.

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Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (1723–1788) was one of the most versatile naturalists in eighteenth-century Italy. In 1785, Scopoli conceived the ambitious publication, Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae. Appearing in instalments, this included descriptions and illustrations of plants, animals and minerals found in northern Italy. Unfortunately, Scopoli's sudden death halted publication of the Deliciae after its third instalment. Recently, a corpus of 98 paintings, in the gouache style, were discovered in the Biblioteca Universitaria of Pavia. These gouaches appear to be the basis for plates planned in future instalments of the Deliciae. Marginal notes in Scopoli's handwriting are included. Because Scopoli's plant and animal specimens have been destroyed or dispersed, these drawings are crucial for reconstructing his scientific opus. Combined with other documents, Scopoli's marginal notes also reveal his exacting standards. He criticized the way his artists had poorly rendered the scientific details of the paintings.

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17

BEATON, J., and G. TOLHURST. "DEBT, DAMAGES AND RESTITUTION." Cambridge Law Journal 57, no. 2 (July 1998): 235–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197398280019.

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StoczniaGdanska SA v. Latvian Shipping Co. [1998] 1 W. L. R. 574 concerned six contracts to “design, build, complete and deliver” six ships. The buyers were to pay 20 per cent. of the price after receiving notice that the keel had been laid. The contract gave the seller the right to terminate if payments were not made and to retain any instalments paid and, if it terminated, to sell the vessel whether completed or not. Keels were laid for vessels 1 and 2 but the buyers failed to pay and the seller terminated. It then renumbered the keels, gave notice for payment under the third and fourth contracts, terminated those contracts when payment was not forthcoming, and renumbered the keels again and gave notice for payment under the fifth and sixth contracts. It then exercised its right of sale, appropriating the keels to a contract with a third party. As well as damages, the seller claimed the 20 per cent. instalments under all six contracts.

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18

Ochyra, Ryszard, Halina Bednarek-Ochyra, and Barbara Godzik. "The publication dates of Fragmenta Floristica Et Geobotanica (Ann. 1–45, 1954–2001)." Polish Botanical Journal 60, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pbj-2015-0014.

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AbstractA short history of the botanical journal Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica is presented. The effective dates of publication of all instalments of this journal are compiled. Publication dates for all parts and supplements of volumes 1−45 which were published in the years 1954−2001 are included.

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19

Soegiharto, Soegiharto. "What Drives the Payment of Higher Merger Premiums?" Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 11, no. 2 (May 14, 2009): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5529.

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This study examines whether the premiums paid to targets firms are affected by bidder CEO overconfidence, merger waves, method of payment, industry of merged firms, and capital liquidity. Using merger data for the period spanning from 1991 to 2000, this study finds that CEOs pay less premiums in cash mergers and pay more premiums for mergers undertaken during the year of high capital liquidity. Moreover, the findings also demonstrate that CEOs tend to pay higher merger premiums for mergers that occur during merger waves and in high capital liquidity year. CEOs’ behavior, which is the main variable examined in this study, does not show any significant effect on the premiums paid. This suggests that the effect of CEO overconfidence on the premiums paid may be exaggerated.

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20

Matthews, Gilbert E. "Misuse of Control Premiums in Delaware Appraisals." Business Valuation Review 27, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5791/0882-2875-27.2.107.

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Abstract In statutory appraisal cases, Delaware Courts sometimes apply premiums that are based on questionable reasoning. They commonly adjust guideline company valuations for an “implicit minority discount”, they apply acquisition premiums to subsidiaries, and they often rely upon average premiums in acquisitions as a basis for calculating control premiums. This article discusses the flaws in the reasoning underlying these adjustments.

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21

Harrington, Cynthia. "Emerging Market Risk Premiums." CFA Institute Magazine 16, no. 2 (March 2005): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v16.n2.2920.

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22

Hürlimann, Werner. "Predictive Stop-Loss Premiums." ASTIN Bulletin 23, no. 1 (May 1993): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.23.1.2005101.

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AbstractBased on a representation of the aggregate claims random variable as linear combination of counting random variables, a linear multivariate Bayesian model of risk theory is defined. In case of the classical risk theoretical assumptions, that is conditional Poisson likelihood counting variates and Gamma structural density, the model is shown to identify with a Bayesian version of the collective model of risk theory. An interesting multivariate credibility formula for the predictive mean is derived. A new type of recursive algorithm, called three-stage nested recursive scheme, allows to evaluate the predictive density and associated predictive stop-loss premiums in an effective way.

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23

Berlin, Leonard. "Professional Liability Insurance Premiums." American Journal of Roentgenology 197, no. 6 (December 2011): W1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.10.5537.

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24

Benjamin, Sidney. "Loadings for Insurance Premiums." Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 11, no. 2 (April 1986): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/gpp.1986.9.

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25

Lepkowska, Dorothy. "Political focus: Pupil premiums." Fundraising for Schools 2010, no. 111 (April 2010): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/fund.2010.1.111.47464.

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26

Maiden, Andrew. "Political focus: Pupil premiums." Fundraising for Schools 2010, no. 111 (April 2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/fund.2010.1.111.47465.

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27

Klingler, Sven, and David Lando. "Safe Haven CDS Premiums." Review of Financial Studies 31, no. 5 (March 2, 2018): 1856–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy021.

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28

Garat, Juan Ignacio. "The Risk of Premiums." Journal of Portfolio Management 42, no. 4 (May 31, 2016): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2016.42.4.108.

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29

&NA;. "Paying AIDS Insurance Premiums." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 90, no. 5 (May 1990): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199005000-00023.

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30

Wells, A. "Lease premiums: taxation aspects." Property Management 11, no. 2 (February 1993): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637479310026677.

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31

Mostert, Cyprian M. "Rural Health Insurance Premiums." Health Affairs 39, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01757.

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32

Cavale, Arvind. "Malpractice Premiums: Analytic Flaws." Health Affairs 25, no. 5 (September 2006): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.25.5.1451.

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33

Choi, Hoyong, Philippe Mueller, and Andrea Vedolin. "Bond Variance Risk Premiums*." Review of Finance 21, no. 3 (January 27, 2017): 987–1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfw072.

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34

Cheng, Yin-Wong. "Exchange rate risk premiums." Journal of International Money and Finance 12, no. 2 (April 1993): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(93)90023-5.

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35

Lehr, Carol Scotese. "Fertility and education premiums." Journal of Population Economics 16, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 555–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-003-0144-3.

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36

Jobu Babin, J., Andrew Hussey, Alex Nikolsko-Rzhevskyy, and David A. Taylor. "Beauty Premiums Among Academics." Economics of Education Review 78 (October 2020): 102019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.102019.

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37

Hürlimann, W. "Predictive stop-loss premiums." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 13, no. 2 (November 1993): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(93)90863-k.

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38

Urbšienė, Laimutė, Viktorija Nemunaitytė, and Artūras Zatulinas. "Comparison of Premiums of Chinese and European Companies in Mergers and Acquisitions in Europe." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 67–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2015.6.2.14222.

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The goal of the study is to analyse whether Chinese Mainland companies were paying higher premiums for similar target companies in Europe in comparison with Europe-based companies during the period of 2000-2013. To determine the difference between premiums paid by Chinese and European companies, two samples were analysed: one represented all Chinese acquisitions in Europe which matched the set criteria, another included comparable European targets acquired by European companies. Quantitative research methods were applied to measure statistical difference in the premiums of the two samples. Results of the research indicate that the average premiums paid by Chinese companies are double the size of the European acquisition premiums for the similar target company in Europe. Significant evidence suggests that premiums of Chinese and European companies for similar targets in Europe are not equal.

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39

Stout, Lynn A. "Are Takeover Premiums Really Premiums? Market Price, Fair Value, and Corporate Law." Yale Law Journal 99, no. 6 (April 1990): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/796737.

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40

Chen, Daniel L. "Gender Violence and the Price of Virginity: Theory and Evidence of Incomplete Marriage Contracts." Journal of Religion and Demography 7, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 190–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589742x-12347108.

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Abstract This paper builds and tests a model of marriage as an incomplete contract that arises from asymmetric virginity premiums and examines whether this can lead to social inefficiencies. Contrary to the efficient households hypothesis, women cannot prevent being appropriated by men once they enter marriage if they command lower marriage market opportunities upon divorce. Because men cannot or do not commit to compensating women for their lower ex post marriage market opportunities, marriage is an incomplete contract. Men may seek to lower women’s ex ante “market wages” in order to induce entry into joint production. Inefficient or abusive marriages are less likely to separate. Equalizing virginity premiums may reduce domestic and non-domestic violence. Female circumcision and prices women pay doctors to appear virgin before marriage in many countries suggest asymmetric virginity premiums continue to exist. Evidence from China and the US suggest asymmetric virginity premiums persist over economic development. Asymmetric virginity premiums are strongly positively correlated with female but not male virginity premiums. I use variation in religious upbringing to help estimate the effect of virginity premiums on gender violence in the US. The OLS relationship between virginity premiums and female reports of forced sex may be biased downwards if shame is associated with abuse and this shame is greater for women with higher virginity premiums. But the OLS relationship for males might not be biased downwards. Asymmetric virginity premiums are positively correlated with men forcing sex on women and paying women for sex. The model complements a growing empirical literature on inefficient households and human rights abuses, visible manifestations of female appropriability across time and space.

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41

Vickers, John A., M. D. Anderson, Nicholas D. Humez, John Gibson, Olivera Potparic, Oula Jones, and Cherry Lavell. "Symposium: How I became an indexer." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 16, Issue 2 16, no. 2 (October 1, 1988): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.1988.16.2.16.

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In 1969 The Indexer published a symposium of eight members’ accounts of‘Why I am an indexer’ (The Indexer 6 (4) August 1969, 165-73). Now, nearly twenty years later, other indexers write of recruitment and their entry to this profession. Readers are invited to send their own accounts for further instalments.

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42

Waggener, Thomas R., and Roger D. Fight. "Clearwood Quality and Softwood Lumber Prices: What's the Real Premium?" Western Journal of Applied Forestry 14, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/14.2.73.

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Abstract Diminishing quantities of appearance grade lumber and rising price premiums for it have accompanied the transition from old-growth to young-growth timber. The price premiums for better grades are an incentive for producers to undertake investments to increase the yield of those higher valued products. Price premiums, however, are also an incentive for users to substitute lower grades, lower priced species, or nonwood materials for these higher priced appearance grades. This possibility may cast doubt on the permanence of the price premiums associated with appearance grade lumber. The real price premiums paid for appearance grades of lumber from January 1989 through October 1995 were substantial and quite stable during a widely fluctuating softwood lumber market. We found little or no evidence to suggest that these premiums are either "temporary" or are in decline. Although care is required in extrapolating these findings over future long time horizons typically required for silvicultural investments in wood quality changes, the results of this study may help forest managers better understand the possible magnitude of real price premiums to use in evaluating those investments. West. J. Appl. For. 14(2):73-79.

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43

Paleczna, Magdalena, and Edyta Rutkowska-Tomaszewska. "Uprawnienia kredytobiorcy zaciągającego kredyt denominowany lub indeksowany do waluty innej niż polska w świetle ustawy antyspreadowej." Ekonomia 24, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.24.1.3.

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Rights of the borrower committing denominated or indexed loan in a foreign currency in light of the Anti-spread ActIn 2004–2008 banks offered consumer denominated loan in a foreign currency, which was a competitive position in relation to a PLN credit facility. Banks had not informed about foreign exchange differences, therefore had caused increase in household indebtedness. Banks also had reserved that consumer has to buy currency only from the bank-lender. In 2011 the Anti-spread Act was adopted, which amended banking law and consumer credit law. Creditors were obligated to inform consumer about rules of determining the manners and dates of fixing the currency exchange rate on the basis of which in particular the amount of credit, its tranches and principal and interest instalments are calculated, and the rules of converting into the currency of credit disbursement or repayment. That information and information about the rules of opening and operating the account shall be concluded in a credit contract. Borrower can repay principal and interest instalments and prepay the full or partial amount of the loan directly in that currency.

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44

Graetz, Ilana, Caitlin N. McKillop, Cameron M. Kaplan, and Teresa M. Waters. "Lessons Learned From the Affordable Care Act: The Premium Subsidy Design May Promote Adverse Selection." Medical Care Research and Review 75, no. 6 (May 4, 2017): 762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558717703165.

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Since 2014, average premiums for health plans available in the Affordable Care Act marketplaces have increased. We examine how premium price changes affected the amount consumers pay after subsidies for the lowest-cost bronze and silver plans available by age in the federally facilitated exchanges. Between 2015 and 2016, benchmark plan premiums increased in 83.3% of counties. Overall, rising benchmark premiums were associated with lower average after-subsidy premiums for the lowest-cost bronze and silver plans for older subsidy-eligible adults, but with higher after-subsidy premiums for younger adults purchasing the same plans, regardless of income. With recent discussions to replace or overhaul the Affordable Care Act, it is critical that we learn from the successes and failures of the current policy. Our findings suggest that the subsidy design, which makes rising premiums costlier for younger adults looking to purchase an entry-level plan, may be contributing to adverse selection and instability in the marketplace.

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45

Parish, Colin. "Unison to ballot on action against ‘pay cut by instalments’." Nursing Standard 21, no. 30 (April 4, 2007): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.21.30.5.s2.

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46

Tinios, Platon. "Pension Reform in Greece: ‘Reform by Instalments’ – A Blocked Process." West European Politics 28, no. 2 (March 2005): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402380500060346.

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47

Cohen, Jesse N., Alexander Coppock, Arnab K. Ghosh, and Benjamin P. Geisler. "Do Insurers Compete on the Federal Health Insurance Exchange?" F1000Research 4 (January 27, 2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6039.1.

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Background: On the U.S. Federal Health Insurance Exchange established by the Affordable Care Act, states with fewer insurers have higher insurance premiums than states with more insurers. This expected feature of a competitive market has not been studied within states, however. We tested the hypothesis that insurance premiums decrease in more competitive geographic rating areas within states in the U.S.A.Methodology/principle findings: This cross-sectional study utilized publicly available premiums from the Federal Health Insurance Exchange website, www.healthcare.gov. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to model premiums based on the number of insurers in geographic rating areas. The relationship between premiums and the number of insurers competing in a geographic rating area was also calculated for each unique insurance plan offered on the exchange. The data set and statistical code used for this research is linked in the publication. We found that there was an unexpected, marginally positive relationship between average monthly premiums and the number of insurers in a geographic rating area (+$5.71 in monthly premiums per additional insurer, p<0.001). We also found that identical plans tend to be offered with marginally higher premiums in rating areas with more insurers (+$3.18 in monthly premiums per additional insurer, p=0.002), contrary to the relationship we expected from a competitive marketplace. The principle limitation of the study is that this unexpected relationship, which suggests a lack of competitiveness of this early market, could be due to unobserved confounding factors that influence pricing in more competitive rating areas.Conclusion: On the Federal Health Insurance Exchange, the price of insurance is higher in more competitive rating areas within states. This may be explained by lack of competition in this early stage market.

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48

Hwang, Bon-Gang, Lei Zhu, Yinglin Wang, and Xinyi Cheong. "Green Building Construction Projects in Singapore: Cost Premiums and Cost Performance." Project Management Journal 48, no. 4 (August 2017): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875697281704800406.

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This study aims to investigate the cost premiums and cost performance of green building projects. After an extensive literature review, relevant data from 242 traditional and 121 green building projects performed by 30 different companies were collected through a survey in Singapore. The results indicate that the green cost premiums range from 5% to 10% and that project type and size are significant factors affecting the cost premiums. Furthermore, the cost performance is mostly over budget, ranging from 4.5% to 7%. Finally, this study proposes some feasible solutions for cost premiums reduction and cost performance improvement.

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49

Graves, John A., and Jonathan Gruber. "How Did Health Care Reform in Massachusetts Impact Insurance Premiums?" American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.508.

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It is widely recognized that the 2006 Massachusetts health reforms served as a blueprint for national reform under the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA). As such, there is interest in using the Massachusetts experience to understand how insurance premiums might change under the ACA. In this paper, we analyze changes in private insurance premiums in Massachusetts between 2002 and 2010. In contrast to earlier estimates from Massachusetts (Cogan, Hubbard and Kessler 2010), we find no statistical evidence of changes in group premiums. By contrast, we find large reductions in non-group premiums in Massachusetts relative to the rest of the U.S.

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50

Salim, M. Noor, and Sukarman Sukarman. "Factors Affecting Equity and Its Impact on Insurance Premium of General Insurance Companies in Indonesia." International Finance and Banking 5, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ifb.v5i2.14092.

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The phenomenon that was appointed to be the object of research was the decline in the percentage of premium income in general insurance companies in Indonesia while the equity value (capitalization) of the company increased. This study aims to determine the effect that occurs due to the influence of the variables of free working capital, investment, assets and equity on the acquisition of premiums. The research data is secondary data taken from the OJK website. Processing data using multiple linear regression methods, and using two sub-structure equation techniques because in this study using intervening variables. From the results of the study conclusions are as follows: Working capital does not have a significant positive effect on equity, investment has a significant positive effect on equity, assets do not have a significant effect on equity, working capital does not significantly influence the acquisition of premiums, investment does not significantly influence the acquisition of premiums, assets no significant effect on the acquisition of premiums, equity has a positive and significant effect on the acquisition of premiums. In this study, equity mediates the effect of working capital, investment, assets on the acquisition of premiums.

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