Academic literature on the topic 'Instantaneous Strength'
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Journal articles on the topic "Instantaneous Strength"
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Perny, G. "Oscillator strength of instantaneous diatomic sodium molecules." Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 21, no. 4 (1991): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01438399.
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Nasser, Hussain Ali Bilal Ali Ahmed Ibn Sina Eman Sabeeh Hussein. "The Momentary Strength Exercisesand The Strength Distinguished By Speedwith Electrical Stimulation (Ems) And Its Effect On Some Biomechanical Variables And Achievement Of Hammer Throw." Multicutural Education 7, no. 4 (2021): 29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4661597.
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<strong><em>Article History</em></strong> Received: January 04, 2021 <em>The effectiveness of throwing a hammer is one of the of games that require high-level technical performance and requires that the archers possess a correlation in Physical abilities such as types of strength rotational speed and compatibility as well as mastering the technical aspects according to the mechanical conditions that characterize this effectiveness, Through the experience of field researchers in the field of athletics, especially in throwing events, he noted that there is a low level of digital achievement and a large difference between the numbers recorded in this event for the youth category between the countries of the world and what is recorded for hammer archers in Iraq. The importance of research in preparing the momentary strength exercises and the strength distinguished by speed with electrical stimulation (EMS) and knowing their effect on some vital mechanical variables and the level of archers achievement of the category (youth) The research assumes that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and posttests of the research sample in values(Angular transmission speed, Hammer launch speed, The instantaneous strength of throwing for the full performance of the two legs , The instantaneous strength of throwing from a steadfast leg. The instantaneous push time of the arms at the moment of throwing , The instantaneous strength of the arms at the throwing, Completion distance for full performance). The implementation of the training curriculum took 12 weeks, at the rate of (3) training units per week, i.e. with a total of (36) training units during the research period. The researcher has concluded several conclusions, the most important of which were the effectiveness of exercises (instantaneous strength and strength distinguished by speed with electrical stimulation), which were used within the prepared training Approach In improving the values of the number of biomechanical variables at the moment of throwing, which had a significant impact on the Evolution of achievement.</em>
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Biscarini, Andrea. "Measurement of Power in Selectorized Strength-Training Equipment." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 3 (2012): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.3.229.
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The author derived the exact analytical expression of the instantaneous joint power in exercises with single-joint, variable-resistance, selectorized strength-training equipment, taking into account all the relevant geometric, kinematic, and dynamic variables of both the movable equipment elements (resistance input lever, cam–pulley system, weight stack) and of the user’s exercising limb. A numerical algorithm was also designed to express, in the presence of a cam, the rectilinear kinematic variables of the weight stack as a function of the rotational kinematic variables of the resistance input lever, and vice versa. Given that information, one can measure the value of the instantaneous and mean joint power exclusively by means of a linear encoder placed on the weight stack or, alternatively, only by the use of an angular encoder placed on the rotational axis of the resistance lever. The results highlight that, for knee extension exercises with leg extension equipment, the real values of both instantaneous and mean joint power may differ by more than 50% in comparison with the values obtained by taking into account only the mass and velocity of the weight stack. These differences are notable not only in explosive exercises, but also whenever considerable joint velocities/accelerations occur within the range of motion.
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Rakhmonov, Jovid, Kun Liu, Paul Rometsch, Nick Parson, and X. Grant Chen. "Improving the Mechanical Response of Al–Mg–Si 6082 Structural Alloys during High-Temperature Exposure through Dispersoid Strengthening." Materials 13, no. 22 (2020): 5295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225295.
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The feasibility and efficacy of improving the mechanical response of Al–Mg–Si 6082 structural alloys during high temperature exposure through the incorporation of a high number of α-dispersoids in the aluminum matrix were investigated. The mechanical response of the alloys was characterized based on the instantaneous high-temperature and residual room-temperature strengths during and after isothermal exposure at various temperatures and durations. When exposed to 200 °C, the yield strength (YS) of the alloys was largely governed by β” precipitates. At 300 °C, β” transformed into coarse β’, thereby leading to the degradation of the instantaneous and residual YSs of the alloys. The strength improvement by the fine and dense dispersoids became evident owing to their complementary strengthening effect. At higher exposure temperatures (350–450 °C), the further improvement of the mechanical response became much more pronounced for the alloy containing fine and dense dispersoids. Its instantaneous YS was improved by 150–180% relative to the base alloy free of dispersoids, and the residual YS was raised by 140% after being exposed to 400–450 °C for 2 h. The results demonstrate that introducing thermally stable dispersoids is a cost-effective and promising approach for improving the mechanical response of aluminum structures during high temperature exposure.
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Yan, Jianbing, Xiaoqiang Zhang, Kai Wang, Xuanmin Song, Shaofei Yue, and Jian Hou. "Experimental Study on Creep Characteristics and Long–Term Strength of Anthracite." Processes 11, no. 3 (2023): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030947.
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Coal pillars from old mines undergo creep, a type of time−dependent deformation. Research on underground engineering stability of coal mines has increasingly focused on long−term strength as an important mechanical index of the creep characteristics of coal pillars. This study performed conventional triaxial compression and triaxial creep tests of anthracite under different confining pressures. The creep law of anthracite and the long−term strength of anthracite was studied according to the test results. The test results demonstrated the following: (1) The conventional elastic modulus and peak strain of anthracite increased exponentially with the confining pressure. (2) Under low stress levels, anthracite exhibited only instantaneous deformation and attenuation creep. In contrast, anthracite exhibited instantaneous deformation, attenuation creep, and steady creep under high stress levels; accelerated creep occurred until failure when the stress reached a particular value. (3) By fitting the steady−state creep rate of anthracite under high stress levels, the functional relationship between axial stress and steady−state creep rate was established, and the threshold of the steady−state creep rate in high−stress−level areas was suggested as the optimum long−term strength of anthracite. (4) The ratio of the long−term strength to instantaneous strength under various confining pressure grades ranged from 70% to 91%.
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Wang, Yu, and Feng Liu. "Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Soft Rock under Instantaneous Triaxial Compression." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.218.
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Using the RMT-150C rock mechanics test system, the instantaneous triaxial compression tests for muddy siltstone were carried out under different confining pressures, and the instantaneous mechanical properties of soft rock were obtained. The results show that the strength parameters of sample have a positive linear relation with the confining pressure, and the sensitivity of peak strength on the confining pressure is higher than that of residual strength. The elastic and deformation modulus of sample linearly increase with the confining pressure going up, and the elastic modulus is more sensitive to the confining pressure. The soft rock sample shows typical ductility failure characteristic, while the damage characteristic is mainly shear failure and the shear failure angle linearly decreases with the confining pressure going up.
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Larionov, Evgeny. "A long-term strength of constructive materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 04068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825104068.
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A long-term strength materials under an axially loading of constructive elements is considered and the estimates of this strength are reduced. The proposed approach is connected with the notion so-called energy of entirety [1]. It is notable that this value can be used instead of known Reiner’s invariant [2]. A material (concrete, steel, graph) is considered as a union of its links with statistical disturbed strengths [3]. This conception allows to modify Boltzmann’s principle superposition of fraction creep deformations [4] and in addition, implies the identity of non-linear stresses function for the instantaneous and retarding deformations. The degeneration of long-term strength because of vibrational influence take into account and the strengthening of the materials in the course of their formation is considered.
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Brovka, A. G., I. V. Dedyulya, and A. A. Murashko. "DEPENDENCE OF STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF MUDSTONE-LIKE CLAYS FROM THE AMOUNT OF UNFROZEN WATER." Nature Management, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2079-3928-2021-2-96-105.
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The article presents a methodology for studying of the strength properties of frozen soils using a modernized automated testing complex (AIC "ASIS") produced by NPP "Geotek" LLC (Penza, Russia) and determining the dependence of the amount of unfrozen water in the soil on the temperature using an adiabatic calorimeter. On the samples of mudstone-like clay, it was found that the conditionally instantaneous strength of frozen soils depends non-linearly on the temperature and salt presence in pore solution. The dependences of the conditional instantaneous strength of mudstone – like clay samples on the amount of unfrozen water in these samples are studied. It is established that the strength properties of clay soils at negative temperatures are mainly determined by the total amount of unfrozen water. The genesis of unfrozen water (temperature or the combined effect of temperature and salt concentration in the pore solution) does not matter.
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Dong, Jinyu, Tanyu Wang, and Yawen Zhao. "Experimental Study on Shear Creep Characteristics of Residual Soil with Different Stone Content." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156829.
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The residual soil on a slope can slowly move downward under the influence of gravity, forming a creep landslide. These types of landslides are known for their extensive coverage, significant magnitude, and prolonged duration of hazard. A systematic study of the creep properties of creep landslide geotechnical bodies is essential for the analysis of the deformation process and long-term safety evaluation of landslides. This paper focuses on studying a creep landslide involving residual soil in western Henan Province. The creep characteristics of residual soil with different stone content are investigated through direct shear creep experiments. The findings reveal that stone content has a profound impact on the creep behavior of residual soil. As the stone content of the soil increased, the structure of the test soil changed significantly, resulting in a gradual decrease in its shear creep. The Burgers model can effectively fit the deceleration creep and steady-state creep stages of the residual soil. With the increase in stone content, the four parameters of the Burgers model show a significant increase, with the instantaneous elasticity coefficient G1 and the viscosity coefficient η1 experiencing more noticeable changes. The average long-term strength of specimens with different stone content is only 54% of their instantaneous strength. Additionally, as the stone content increases, the ratio of long-term strength to instantaneous strength also increases. Notably, the long-term strength of specimens with 10–30% stone content is significantly lower than that of specimens with 50–70% stone content.
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Ning, Haifeng, Hualin Zheng, and Xinman Yuan. "Establishment of instantaneous milling force prediction model for multi-directional CFRP laminate." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 6 (2021): 168781402110277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211027706.
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in the aerospace field due to its light weight and high strength. The CFRP milling process is prone to damage such as burrs and tears. The cutting force is closely related to the damage of CFRP and tool wear. In this paper, a back propagation (BP) neural network model of cutting force and edge force coefficients was established. The model considers the effects of instantaneous uncut chip thickness, fiber cutting angle, spindle speed, and axial depth of cut. The unidirectional CFRP laminate instantaneous milling model considering the cutting edge force was further established. The instantaneous milling force prediction model was extended to multi-directional CFRP laminates. And the relationship between the damage mechanism of CFRP and the instantaneous milling force was analyzed. Experiments have proved that the instantaneous milling force prediction model built in this paper has high accuracy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Instantaneous Strength"
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Gastal, Francisco de Paula Simoes Lopes. "Instantaneous and time-dependent response and strength of jointless bridge beams." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170152.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a generalized numerical solution for the analysis of deck-continuous, composite, multi-span bridge girders without joints. A finite element computer program has been developed, with the capability of performing instantaneous and time-dependent response analyses, and strength analyses, for a general type of bridge beams. Steel, reinforced or prestressed concrete girders, topped by a reinforced concrete deck-slab, under various sequences of construction and with different types of continuity may be equally analyzed by the proposed solution. An isoparametric beam element and a connection, spring-like element, have been modified for modeling the nonlinear intrinsic characteristics of the materials, as well as accounting for the presence of mild steel reinforcements, prestressing tendons and the effects of cracking. Timependent properties of the comprising materials are assumed to follow the simplified models suggested by the American Concrete Institute and Prestressed Concrete Institue. The effects of a superimposed temperature gradient are included also in the analysis. A thorough description of the problem and of the properties assumed in modeling the materials is given first, followed by development of the finite element formulation. The proposed solution is validated by the analyses of ten different beams, with comparisons being made with available analytical and experimental data. Two different cases of deckcontinuous, jointless, multi-span beams are investigated and their performances are compared to the extreme situations of non and full continuity. Their behaviors have been found to be very satisfactory under dead and service load conditions . Under vertical loading, the response of a deck-continuous beam may be comparable to the response of a non-or fully continuous beam, depending primarily on the imposed supporting conditions.
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Le, Roy Robert. "Déformations instantanées et différées des bétons à hautes performances." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9534.
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On présente ici deux types de modélisations, ainsi que de nombreuses données expérimentales, portant sur les déformations des bétons et en particulier celles des bétons à hautes performances. La première a pour but de prévoir les amplitudes des déformations instantanées, de retrait endogène et de fluage propre, en fonction de la formulation. On utilise pour cela une approche par homogénéisation, en adaptant le modèle bisphère de Hashin au calcul du module du béton. La démarche de modélisation, fondée sur la prise en compte de la compacité réelle du squelette granulaire, aboutit à une géométrie trisphère. On fait le choix, après l'avoir justifié, de fixer les coefficients de Poisson à un cinquième. Puis, on applique le modèle trisphère au calcul des amplitudes de fluage propre et de retrait endogène. Les paramètres principaux de formulation (rapports eau sur ciment, fumée de silice sur ciment, proportion granulaire, classe du ciment) sont pris en compte. L'approche appliquée au fluage est confortée par un calcul viscoélastique linéaire. Dans la deuxième approche, on propose un modèle simplifié, de type réglementaire, pour le calcul des déformations des bétons à hautes performances en fonction du temps, et d'un nombre limité de paramètres. Les apports principaux de la modélisation concernent la prise en compte de l'autodessiccation, de la maturité et de la résistance du matériau au moment du chargement. Le modèle a été validé d'après de nombreuses données, et pour des bétons de maturités très variables au chargement, variant de seize heures à plus de deux ans. Elaboré dans le cadre de l'Association Française pour la Recherche et l'Etude des Matériaux et des Structures (AFREM), le modèle est proposé comme annexe au règlement français de béton précontraint (BPEL), pour les bétons couvrant la gamme B60-B80<br>This thesis proposes two types of modelling, together with a long series of experimental date, for the instantaneaous and time-dependent strains of high performance concrete. The first model deals with instantaneous, autogenous shrinkage and basic creep deformations of high performance concrete with respect to mix-design parameters. To the end, a homogenization approach based on Hashin’s spheres model for the modulus, is adopted and modified to take into account the effective maximum packing density of the aggregates. This leads to a three-sphere model. After justification, the Poisson’s ratio of each phase is set at a constant value of 0,2. This model is consequently applied to calculate the long-term amplitude of autogenous shrinkage and basic-creep. The creep results obtained are compared with visco-elastic calculation, which allows the adopted approach to be confirm. The main mix-design parameters are taken into account (water/cement ratio, silica fume/cement ratio, aggregate concentration, maximum packing density of the agregate, cement strength). The second research part deals with a simplified model for design code purposes. It allows the calculation of high performance concrete strains as a function of time, and a limited number of parameters. In particular it accounts for the self-dessication, the maturity and the strength of the concrete at the loading time. This model was validated against extensive experimental data, covering the marurity rang from sixteen hours to two years. The model was established within the framework of the French Structures and Materials Research Association (AFREM) and is proposed in addition to the French Prestressed Concrete French Code (BPEL) for concrete covering the strength range from 40 to 80 Mega-Pascals
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Lee, Sheng-Cheng, and 李士正. "The Effect of Instantaneous speed Change Training on Baseball Players’Pitching Velocity and Muscle Strength of Upper Limbs." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45497133337608751196.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>體育學系<br>99<br>Purposes: The purposes of this study were to investigate the acute effects of Instantaneous Speed Change Training (ISCT) on pitching velocity (PV) and the effects of 6-weeks ISCT on PV and muscle strength of upper limbs. Methods: There were 30 university baseball players were recruited as the subjects for this study and received both Ballistic Training (BT) and ISCT 5 time with fastest speed to investigate the immediate training effect. In the 6-week training, 16 university team baseball players were recruited and randomly assigned to BT and ISCT groups and received 3 days per week, 4 sets each day, 15 times each set of training. The BT was conducted by pitching motion loaded weight 10 pound of bar pieces, and the subjects of ISCT pitched over 10 pounds bar pieces attached with two NdFeB magnets for causing instantaneous speed change as the strength of throwing arm exceed over the magnetic resistance. All the subjects were asked to receive the PV and related variable measurements before and after immediate or 6-week training. All the data were analyzed with dependent-t, Independent-t and ANCOVA for comparisons. Results: The average PV, the fastest PV, the instantaneous tension and acceleration of immediate ISCT were significantly improved and higher than that of BT (P&lt;.05). After 6 week of ISCT, average PV, fastest PV, muscle isokinetic strength of shoulder were significantly improved and higher than that of BT (p&lt;.05), while the fastest PV of BT was significantly increased (P&lt;.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that the immediate ISCT and 6-week ISCT have positive effects on PV; the training effects are better than those of the BT.
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Carr, Michael. "Identification, characterisation and modelling of dynamic adhesion for optimised transfer system design." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1414050.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>The depletion of favourable bulk material deposits in relation to their handleability is prompting the industry to consider mining material that may have comparatively less favourable flow properties. Typically found beneath the water-table, less favourable bulk materials frequently exhibit an increased clay and moisture content, leading to Wet and Sticky Material (WSM) and problematic behaviours regarding handleability. WSMs can have a significant impact in the materials handling stream due to the expensive downtime of processing equipment, which is attributed to the complex inter-particle and boundary adhesion mechanisms found within the bulk material. To better understand the characteristics of WSMs, new theoretical models are required and consequently developed within the scope of this research. For the identification of a WSM, a comprehensive study was undertaken where revised testing methods have been developed to attain quantifiable measurements for the problematic characteristics of bulk materials. The wall adhesion and inter-particle adhesion tests were developed and adapted for iron ore from existing methods that are typically used for fine powders. These tests have been performed in conjunction with a sweep of traditional flow property tests which were conducted on three iron ore samples. The three iron ore samples have been supplied from the Pilbara region of Western Australia and include; Upper Channel Iron Deposit (UCID), Lower Channel Iron Deposit (LCID) and the Denatured Zone (found between the UCID and LCID layers). The threshold moisture content for problematic behaviours were identified, where, Denatured was identified as the most problematic in relation to the adhesive strength it exhibits. To further understand the adhesive properties of the iron ore samples, a revised methodology for the estimation of bulk material adhesion determined from the extrapolation of the Instantaneous Yield Locus (IYL) produced from Jenike direct shear testing was undertaken. The predicted adhesion values from this methodology are compared to experimental measurements using an inter-particle adhesion tester where good correlation was found. Once the adhesive properties of each iron ore sample were identified, a theoretical model was developed and validated experimentally to define the dynamic adhesion of the bulk material samples. The developed model was able to predict the geometrical constraints where the identification of the effective angle at which the shear failure equates to a zero-bond depth was found for three typical wall liners used in industry. Following the identification of the dynamic adhesion geometrical constraints, it was observed by the author that the natural agglomeration of the iron ore samples assisted in the flow of the material through transfer systems. Additionally, it was also observed that the formed agglomerates reduced the amount of dust generated during transportation. An investigation was undertaken on the effects of agglomeration on the materials handling sector where the benefits of reduced build-up and a reduction of dust generation was shown. It was found that for an equivalent Run-of-Mine (ROM) iron ore moisture content, there was a significant reduction for the amount of build-up that commonly leads to potential blockages in industry. The final aspect of the presented research is the utilisation of numerical simulations for the prediction of problematic behaviours found in industrial systems. The characteristics of WSMs can be computationally expensive to model and with the development of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) in conjunction with the advancement in computational power over the past decade, it is now more feasible to model WSMs in DEM simulations. Three cohesion models capable of replicating WSMs are investigated where the potential to replicate problematic bulk material behaviours and computational solve times are analysed. The models used include; the Simplified Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (SJKR) model, Easo Liquid Bridging model and the Edinburgh Elasto-Plastic Adhesion (EEPA) model. In this study, the coupling of the SJKR and Easo Liquid Bridging models is proposed and used to predict problematic bulk material behaviour. Additionally, a calibration procedure is developed and undertaken where the parameters for each cohesion model are discussed in detail. A series of calibration simulations with systematic parameter variation was undertaken to define a set of calibration matrices. The developed calibration matrices resulted in the selection of a unique parameter setting, which can be used for the simulation of on-site applications to optimise plant geometry and other operational parameters. Finally, numerical modelling validation was undertaken using a lab scale vertical impact testing facility where good correlation between experimental and simulation results was found.
Books on the topic "Instantaneous Strength"
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Öztorun, Namık Kemal, and Ezgi Öztorun Köroğlu. Steel Structures I. İstanbul University–Cerrahpaşa Press Serial Number: 88, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5152/4100.
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This book provides comprehensive information essential for both the design of new steel structures and the analysis of existing ones. It covers the fundamental principles of design, procedures, historical context, specifications, and the Turkish standard TS 498 for design loads. It also addresses probability and factor of safety, the application of steel in structures, the mechanical properties of structural steels, and an introductory comments on TS 498. The book covers fundamental concepts including the behavior of tension and compression members, methods for their analysis, and details regarding compound struts. Compound struts with uniform cross-sections, designs for them in groups I-II-III, struts with varying moment of inertia, and cross-ties are addressed. Essential information on Mohr’s Circle equations and the product moment of inertia are reminded. Subsequent chapters delve into beams, lateral buckling, and beam-columns, making distinctions between beams subjected exclusively to bending and those subjected to both axial loading and bending. Additionally, analysis of fasteners, such as rivets and bolts, include design factors like length, diameter, fastener spacing, weight, modes of failure, types of fastened connections, design assumptions and allowable stresses, and other design considerations are included. Similarly, different types of bolts, advantages, installation methods of high-strength bolts, allowable stresses, and design considerations are discussed. The design of fastened connections, including direct shear, pure moment connections, and eccentric load connections for fasteners in shear, along with the AISC recommendations and the method of instantaneous center of rotation are explained. Combined shear and torsion as a more complex scenario are also addressed. Design rules for TS 648 and allowable stresses for steel structures are presented in tabular form. Further chapters cover welding, discussing its advantages and disadvantages, types, classifications, symbols, quality, defects, and key issues related to inspection and control. Specific types of welds, such as butt and fillet welds, are examined, along with stresses in welded connections, theoretical considerations, effective areas of welds, and additional considerations. Finally, the book covers torsion, including plate girders, trusses, splice and connection design principles, and allowable stresses. These topics are explored in depth through illustrative examples, and the book concludes with a presentation of a previous three-course examination. A brief introduction is included in this book, but detailed examples are decided to be included in future Steel Structures II book.
Book chapters on the topic "Instantaneous Strength"
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Iskakbayev, Alibay, Bagdat Teltayev, Yerbol Aitbayev, and Azamat Zhaisanbayev. "Models of Instantaneous Strength and Failure Time of Rheonomic Materials." In Mechanisms and Machine Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67569-0_26.
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She, Chengxue, Kun Li, and Xuan Cui. "Change of instantaneous strength of rock in uniaxial compressive creep test." In Geomechanics and Geotechnics. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10528-44.
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Chuanxiao, Liu, He Jiadong, Zhang Jiawang, and Tian Hongye. "Relationship between instantaneous strength in laboratory and creep strength by numerical simulation of soft rock in deep site." In Rock Stress and Earthquakes. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780415601658-96.
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Chuanxiao, Liu, He Jiadong, Zhang Jiawang, and Tian Hongye. "Relationship between instantaneous strength in laboratory and creep strength by numerical simulation of soft rock in deep site." In Rock Stress and Earthquakes. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10555-96.
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McCann, Kevin S. "Consumer-Resource Dynamics: Building Consumptive Food Webs." In Food Webs (MPB-50). Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691134178.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the dynamics of consumer–resource interaction, one of the fundamental building blocks of food webs. In particular, it considers how consumer–resource systems that are nonexcitable and excitable respond to changes in interaction strength. The chapter begins with a discussion of two classes of interaction-strength metrics: the first focuses on instantaneous rates of change in one species with respect to another species; the second follows the longer-term influence of the removal of (or change in) one species on the density of another focal species. Continuous consumer–resource models are then described, after which two underlying mechanisms that are behind the stabilization of consumer–resource interactions are analyzed. The chapter concludes with a review of microcosm experiments and empirical data that show consistency with the proposed consumer–resource theory.
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Boyarintsev, A. V., and S. V. Lanko. "Experimental estimate of instantaneous adfreeze strength of glass-fibre reinforced plastic in frozen soil." In Geotechnics Fundamentals and Applications in Construction: New Materials, Structures, Technologies and Calculations. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429058882-10.
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Moore, Paul, and Sandra Gabriele. "Appreciating the art of the Supplement." In The Sunday Paper. University of Illinois Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044496.003.0003.
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Expanding Sunday newspaper circulation and mass readership meant establishing or altering networks of technologies and systems of transportation. In the 1890s, great advances in audio-visual reproduction introduced new technologies of recorded and telephonic sound, and of moving and print images. All became supplements to newsprint. Illustrated Sunday features often extolled technological advancements to heighten and extend the sensory experiences of newspaper reading. Particularly descriptive journalism was routinely labeled “pen pictures,” but new technologies were used symbolically to enhance eyewitness reporting. Hot-air ballooning let reporters write from beyond a human perspective. Columns were written as talk from telephones, described as if projected by vitascopes and instantaneous photographs. Interviews were illustrated by photographs and frames from moving pictures. Experiments combining news reporting with cinema and wireless. Many early newsreels were produced and promoted as newspaper supplements named Herald Movies and Motion Picture Magazines. Feature stories depicted future uses of visual telegraphy and wireless printing. Discourses of marvel and wonder posited the Sunday paper itself as a marvel of modern society, connected to all the important advances of the day. In all these cases, precision, sound, and movement added to newspapers' foundational strength in mass address, in the ability to circulate.
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"strength be calculated from the load-deformation response of the weld as a of the angle of load using the instantaneous centre of rotation." In Connections in Steel Structures. CRC Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286427-133.
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Saha Abhijit. "Granular columns in improving stability of vulnerable slopes – search for the optima by genetic algorithms." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-1510.
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A mathematical model of a unit cell of a &lsquo;granular-pinned&rsquo; slope had been analyzed (Saha 2001) to predict the increased resistance of potential sliding mass of the &lsquo;pinned&rsquo; slope due to higher shear strength and free-draining characteristics of the &lsquo;granular-pin&rsquo; or column. The present investigation illustrates the effectiveness of a new generation optimization procedure, the genetic algorithms (GA), to find out the minimum Factor of Safety of virgin slope vis-&agrave;-vis reinforced slope. GA does not require problem specific knowledge for carrying out the search since it is a tool guided by stochastic principles instead of gradients. The objective function to be optimized in the two cases has been taken as the factor of safety expression of Bishop's simplified method (1960) for virgin slope and Saha's (2001) expression for reinforced slope. A specific stretch of vulnerable &lsquo;Bhagirathi-Hooghly&rsquo; river bank (-the southern part of River Ganges- the major hydrodynamic system that formed the world's largest delta) has been chosen for the analysis. The study compares the results of prediction of failure susceptibility of river bank by directed grid-search in literature (Parua, 1992) with the present random search analysis. It emerged from the study that marked improvement in stability of such slopes could be achieved by granular-pinning that results in changing the potential virgin failure surface. Both gradual drawdown (GD) and instantaneous drawdown (ID) analysis exhibited marked improvement; though improvement in ID case, that is likely to govern in tidal deltaic zones, is about thrice than that obtained in GD case.
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"FIG.1 INSTANTANEOUS AND AVERAGE CONCENTRATION PROFILES Instantaneous Top View Instantaneous 1 Hour Average of Plume Concentration Concentration Profile at X=x0 Profile at X=x0 FIG. 2 ODOUR CONCENTRATION FREQUENCIES (AS % WITHIN EACH 10° WIND SECTOR) NESWN (a) ALL CONCENTRATION , (b) C>C0/16,(c) C>C0/4, (d) C > C0/ 2 , (C0 = MAX. AXIAL ODOUR STRENGTH ) | <684 5)." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-100.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Instantaneous Strength"
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McElreath, James, Moble Benedict, and Nathan Tichenor. "Tip Vortex Measurements on a Cycloidal Rotor Blade at Ultralow Reynolds Numbers - Lichten Award Runner-Up Paper." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12680.
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This study provides the first in-depth analysis of the formation, strength, and convection of cycloidal rotor tip vortices. The blade force and PIV-based tip-vortex measurements were conducted for different blade aspect ratios and pitch kinematics in water at a chord Reynolds number of 18,000. Two phase-locked PIV configurations were utilized to investigate the flow field induced by the cyclorotor blade: (1) a laboratory-fixed field of view to enable investigation of vortex development at increasing vortex ages, and (2) a blade-fixed field of view to investigate the early development of the wingtip vortex at fixed 2° vortex age for varying azimuthal locations. The instantaneous blade force measurements on the cycloidal rotor showed a decrease in lift coefficient with decreasing blade aspect ratio. This is due to the higher peak swirl velocity of the tip vortex produced by the low AR blade, thereby resulting in higher induced downwash along the blade span. The aspect ratio of the blade did not affect the shape of the vortex convection trajectory, however, the rate of downward convection increased with increasing aspect ratio due to the higher thrust produced. The tip vortices showed self-similarity in both the velocity and the circulation profiles. The measurements indicate that the core-radius of the vortex experiences a logarithmic growth and the swirl velocity experiences a logarithmic decay, with vortex age due to viscous diffusion. When compared to previous helicopter rotor studies, the observed vortex dynamics from the present study exhibit increased viscous diffusion, likely due to the significantly lower Reynolds number. The tip vortex strength varied cyclically with blade azimuthal location due to the cyclic variation of blade pitch angle and the dynamic virtual camber effects. The periodic variation in tip vortex strength leads to a periodic variation in the induced flow velocity on the blade.
2
Palacios, Jose, Joseph Szefi, Douglas Wolfe, and Matthew Bailey. "Ice Testing of a Centrifugally Powered Pneumatic Deicing System for Helicopter Rotor Blades." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9662.
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A novel pneumatic approach to protect helicopter rotor blades from ice accretion is presented in this paper. The system relies on centrifugally generated pressures to deform a 0.508 mm (0.02 in.) thick titanium leading edge cap. The leading edge cap is protected by a 10 μm (390 microinch) thick Ti-Al-N erosion resistant coating. Beneath the titanium leading edge, six (6) pneumatic diaphragms were installed. The diaphragms are normally deflated under vacuum against the surface of the blade, and are inflated when ice accretion thickness reaches a critical value. The deformation of the leading edge introduces transverse shear stresses at the interface of the ice layer that exceed the ice adhesion strength of the material (868 KPa, 126 psi), promoting instantaneous ice debonding. The applied input pressures to the system (+/- 25.5 KPa, 3.7 psi) were representative of the pressures generated centrifugally by a medium size helicopter rotor system. With these pressures, the maximum deformation of the leading edge was quantified to be 5 mm (0.2 in). The aerodynamic performance degradation effects related to the leading edge deformation were quantified during low speed (1 M Re) wind tunnel testing. Results were compared to the aerodynamic performance degradation due to ice accretion. It was measured that the penalties related to the deployment of the pneumatic diaphragms was 35% lower than the aerodynamic drag penalty due to ice accretion. The lower aerodynamic penalty of deploying the proposed deicing concept with respect to that of ice accretion case indicates that the system would not introduce any aerodynamic penalty while removing accreted ice. The system was tested under representative rotor icing conditions and at centrifugal loads that ranged from 110g to 514g. The deicing successfully promoted instantaneous shedding of ice layers ranging from 1.5 mm to 5 mm (0.06 in. to 0.1 in.) in thickness for varying icing conditions within FAR Part 25/29 Appendix C Icing Envelope.
3
Onsrud, Gisle, and Terje Søntvedt. "Recording of Local Flow Disturbances behind Obstacles Where Mesa Attack Have Occurred." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98040.
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Abstract Laboratory investigations have demonstrated that flow induced limits for the application of C-steel exist. Flow limits have been found for all types of C-steels investigated. Obstacles in pipes constitute exposed areas for destruction of the carbonate film and determine the maximum allowable production rate rather than the smooth pipe sections. The purpose with our ongoing research project is to connect the strength of carbonate films with stress caused by fluid flow. Flow-induced wall shear stress fluctuations on smooth pipe sections and behind obstacles have been systematically mapped. Mean wall shear stress and shear stress amplitudes have been recorded downstream obstacles in a 69 mm diameter stainless steel pipe with single phase oil flow. The influence from obstacle location, its height and flow velocity on mean shear stress, shear stress amplitudes and dominant frequencies have been studied. The fast K-tubes allowed recording of the instantaneous shear also when the stress cycled to negative values. Relationships for the wall shear stress amplitudes, frequencies and mean values have been developed. The paper shows why weld like obstacles constitute exposed areas. A model has been developed which describes the time to failure of the corrosion product when delaminated from the base metal. This model connects the residual strength of the corrosion product with the fluctuating wall shear from the liquid, its dominant frequency and the mean shear. The model allows transformation of observed flow limits in the laboratory to completely different flow conditions. Simple limits to production rate in the form of wall shear have been found for smooth pipes and pipes with weld like obstacles.
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Riederer, Markus, and Georg Neubauer. "Measuring the Low Power, Instantaneous Urban Field Strengths Due to GSM Base Stations." In 15th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exposition on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 2003. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.2003.10806345.
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Ward, Eric C., and Dane E. Glaser. "A New Look at Azoles." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07065.
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Abstract There have been numerous papers presented over the last thirty years on the performance of benzotriazole and tolyltriazole as yellow metal corrosion inhibitors. Many of these papers have focused on the interaction of azoles with halogenated biocides. There seems to be much debate on whether azoles are subject to degradation, when in the presence of these biocides. This debate ranges from those who claim the inhibitor is rendered ineffective due to this degradation, to those who agree that there is an interaction, but the resulting compound is still capable of protecting the metal. Many of these papers also tout the superior strength of the azole film, yet the recommended guidelines for treatment with azoles is to maintain a residual inhibitor in the cooling water for repair, especially when halogenated biocides are present. This paper presents laboratory studies that will attempt to debunk some of the myths associated with azoles. Studies will be presented that show that azoles are not significantly affected by high concentrations of halogenated biocides (particularly bromine). The azoles actually perform remarkably well when residual inhibitor is present, even at extremely high dosages of free bromine. Unfortunately, the azoles have a much greater weakness that is not strongly emphasized in the industry today. The azole film has been found to be extremely delicate in a cooling water environment, regardless of the presence of halogenated biocides. The need to maintain a residual level of azole in the water is not simply a recommendation to provide an added sense of security; it is an absolutely critical measure to maintain acceptable protection of the yellow metal surfaces. As soon as residual azole is removed from solution, the film begins to break down, causing an almost instantaneous increase in corrosion rates. Any presence of halogenated biocides will only serve to accelerate these corrosion rates further. Electrochemical test methods and pilot studies will be presented that help to demonstrate these findings.
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Zhang, S. Q., I. Bentley, S. Brant, et al. "Instantaneous-Shape Sampling for Calculating the Electromagnetic Dipole Strength in Transitional Nuclei." In CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3087012.
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Li, Feng-Chen, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Takehiko Segawa, and Koichi Hishida. "Influence of Drag-Reducing Surfactant Additives on Vortex Structures and Turbulent Events in a Channel Flow." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56119.
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The characteristics of vortex structures and turbulent events of drag-reducing surfactant (CTAC) solution flows in a two-dimensional channel have been studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV) to measure the instantaneous velocity fields in a streamwise-wall-normal plane. Through visualizing the instantaneous velocity field, contour maps of the swirling strength and instantaneous value of uv, the characteristic angle of vortex packets was quantified, and it was shown that the drag-reducing CTAC additive reduced both the strength and frequency of turbulent bursts near the wall, and that the characteristics of vortex structures and bursts were not only dependent on drag-reduction level but also on concentration of additive. Based on the quantified parameters characterizing turbulent events in a wall-bounded turbulent flow, a model of turbulent contribution to the friction factor, fT, was proposed. It was obtained that fT was linearly proportional to the product of frequency and strength of turbulent events.
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Xiao, Yu, Xing Zhang, and Shuying Yang. "Power Grid Strength Evaluation Based on Virtual Dynamic Short-Circuit Ratio Considering Instantaneous Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources." In 2024 IEEE 10th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2024-ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipemc-ecceasia60879.2024.10567468.
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Macpherson, John D. "Mechanical Specific Energy: Derivation, Understanding and Relationship to Formation Strength." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2118/223707-ms.
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Abstract The Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) model is used widely in the drilling industry. However, its use has been questioned in a two-part series in the SPE-IADC Drilling Conference, "Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE): Claims and Implications – Facts, Fallacies, and Pitfalls" (Samuel and Mensa-Wilmot, 2023 SPE 212508, 2024 SPE 217727). This paper will independently develop the theory of the MSE, leading to an improved understanding and an appraisal of the conclusions in the two papers. This paper develops the theory underlying the MSE from fundamentals and explains its applications and constraints. The theoretical development uses the concept of instantaneous mechanical power, which it transitions to drilling energy and then to drilling energy per a specific volume of rock, the MSE. The development pays particular attention to physical units. Of special interest is the relationship of the MSE to rock parameters, and its use in defining mechanical efficiency, and limits, of the drill bit. The paper further examines the validity of the Samuel and Mensa-Wilmot claims. The MSE is a valid method for describing the amount of energy delivered by the drilling system to the drill bit to destroy rock. It is calculated as specific to a certain volume of rock, which in physics relates to the strain energy density (SED) of the formation. That is, the concentration of mechanical energy required to catastrophically fail (destroy) a volume of rock. Comparison between the MSE and the SED of the formation describes the mechanical efficiency of the drill bit in converting input mechanical energy to output energy. Hydraulic energy applied at the drilling workface can both improve (e.g., clean, kerf) or impede (e.g., increase pressure overbalance) energy transfer at the workface. It is, therefore, considered separately. Current oilfield measurement capabilities, and theoretical misunderstandings, introduce simplifications and errors in the MSE. It is important to understand this when using the MSE. Several of Samuel's and Mensa-Wilmot's deprecating claims about the MSE are questionable. The paper examines these claims and describes why they are incorrect. However, they do advocate a holistic approach to drilling process management—essentially an operational approach—which has merit. Understanding of the MSE is important in that approach. This paper details the theoretical development of the MSE from a concept of instantaneous drilling power. This places the MSE on a firm theoretical basis and leads to an understanding of its limitations, and valid application. The relationship of the MSE to the energy density of the formation shows that the MSE should not be compared to the compressive strength of the formation, which leads to an improved understanding of drill bit mechanical efficiency.
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Muis Alie, Muhammad Zubair, Ganding Sitepu, Juswan Sade, Wahyuddin Mustafa, Andi Mursid Nugraha, and Alamsyah Bin Muh. Saleh. "Finite Element Analysis on the Hull Girder Ultimate Strength of Asymmetrically Damaged Ships." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54041.
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This paper discusses the influence of asymmetrically damaged ships on the ultimate hull girder strength. When such damages take place at the asymmetric location of cross sections, not only translation but also inclination of instantaneous neutral axis takes place during the process of the progressive collapse. To investigate this effect, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed and the damage is assumed in the middle hold. The collision damage is modeled by removing the plate and stiffener elements at the damage region assuming the complete loss of the capacity at the damage part. For the validation results obtained by Finite Element Analysis of the asymmetrically damaged ship hull girder, the simplified method is adopted. The Finite Element method of ultimate strength analysis of a damaged hull girder can be a practical tool for the ship hull girder after damages, which has become one of the functional requirements in IMO Goal Based Ship Construction Standard.
Reports on the topic "Instantaneous Strength"
1
Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.
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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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Monetary Policy Report, January 2025. Banco de la República, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2025.
Full textAbstract:
While inflation fell significantly in 2024, it continues above the 3% target. However, monetary policy measures and corrections in particular factors that exert upward price pressures have helped direct inflation toward the objective. Economic activity continues to recover and is expected to continue growing. The monetary policy interest rate is compatible with the convergence of inflation to its 3% target and the gradual recovery of economic growth toward more sustainable levels. Inflation has fallen significantly, from 9.3% in 2023 to 5.2% in 2024. During this year and into the next, inflation would continue to decline towards the inflation target. In the last quarter of 2024, inflation continued its downward path, ending the year at 5.2% with the help of smaller increases in the prices of some regulated goods and services (particularly utilities and fuel prices) and food away from home. Despite inflation’s significant decline throughout 2024, including in the last quarter and the positive performance of goods and food, headline inflation ended the year above the target. Monetary policy actions and the adjustment in economic activity contributed to inflation’s decline; however, indexation to a high inflation rate in 2023 and labor cost pressures constrained a more marked drop. Over the next two years, both headline and core inflation are expected to gradually approach the 3% target. The indexation of certain goods and services prices to lower inflation and the cumulative effects of monetary policy decisions would assist in steering inflation closer to the target. Nevertheless, inflationary pressures from the recent minimum wage increase and those resulting from the exchange rate’s behavior in a environment of high global uncertainty, could make the reduction of inflation slower than projected. Economic activity continues on a path of gradual recovery, helping inflation remain close to the 3% target and encouraging a stable labor market environment. Colombia’s economy continued to strengthen in the second half of 2024, backed by strong household consumption and signs of investment recovery. Increased spending on machinery and equipment, civil works construction, and the recovery of inventories would driving the improvement seen in investment. Private consumption (household consumption) has grown, supported by lower interest rates, improved access to credit, and increased disposable income. Economic activity is projected to grow 1.8% in 2024 and would continue to accelerate to 2.6% in 2025 and 3.4% in 2026, attributed to a monetary policy that would gradually ease as inflation falls. Consequently, the economy is foreseen to reach a level close to its productive capacity by 2026. The unemployment rate has decreased and is at low levels compared to its historical performance, concurrent with growing employment levels. Additionally, improvements in salaried employment have led to additional reductions in the informality ratios. Monetary policy interest rate reductions have been reflected in significant decreases in financial market interest rates, contributing to the the gradual recovery of credit. Since the end of 2023, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República has reduced the monetary policy interest rate by 375 basis points to its current level of 9.5%. The latter is compatible with inflation converging to its 3% target over the next two years and the gradual recovery of economic activity to sustainable levels. At its December meeting, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República decided by majority vote to lower the monetary policy interest rate by 25 basis points and concurred at its January meeting to maintain the benchmark rate at 9.5%. All monetary policy decisions have contributed to reducing annual inflation amid a backdrop of gradual improvements in economic activity and a stable labor market. The impact of the minimum wage increase on prices and the exchange rate behavior in an environment of high external and fiscal uncertainty are significant factors guiding inflation’s future trajectory. Consequently, information in this context will help define the future monetary rate decisions that will allow inflation to continue converging toward the 3% target. In this sense, monetary policy interest rate decisions continue to support the sustainable recovery of economic growth and maintain the prudence required given the continuing risks surrounding the future behavior of inflation. Box 1: Instantaneous infation in Colombia Edgar Caicedo García Wilmer Osvaldo Martínez Rivera Juan Camilo Vallejo Peña Gabriel Adolfo Garavito Plata Box 2: Estimated effects of the minimum wage on infation in Colombia Nicolás Martínez-Cortés Sergio Restrepo-Ángel Box 3: Energy demand as an indicator of industrial activity in Colombia Diana Cortázar Nicolás Villanueva