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Journal articles on the topic 'Instar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 June 2025

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1

P, Mangammal, and Sri Devi G. "Influence of Artificial Diet on Larvae of Eri Silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval." Madras Agricultural Journal 99, JUNE (2012): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100095.

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An Artificial Diet composed of castor leaf powder (11.5 g), parched soybean powder (1.0 g), sucrose (1.0 g), agar-agar (1.5 g), inhibitor solution (5 ml) and water (20 ml) was evaluated against eri silkworm larvae. Castor fed eri silkworms were maintained as control for comparison. Larval weight was significantly maximum in eri silkworms fed with artificial diet upto first instar which was followed by feeding of eri silkworms on artificial diet upto second instar + castor leaves from upto fifth instar and feeding of eri silkworm on artificial diet upto third instar + castor during remaining in

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2

Podsiadło, Elżbieta. "Identification characters of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes quercus (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae)." Polish Journal of Entomology 83, no. 4 (2014): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjen-2014-0020.

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ABSTRACT The 3rd-instar female and adult female of Kermes quercus (LINNAEUS) are redescribed and illustrated. Identification characters of the 1st-instar, 2nd-instar male, 2nd-instar female, 3rd-instar female and adult female of K. quercus are discussed. A key to the identification of instars is included.

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Amalraj, D. Dominic, and P. K. Das. "Frequency-dependent prey selection by larvae of Toxorhynchites splendens (Diptera: Culicidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 86, no. 6 (1996): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300039146.

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AbstractThe foraging behaviour of frequency-dependent prey selection by larval instars of Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiedemann) was studied in the laboratory. Prey size selection (second vs fourth instars of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus or Anopheles stephensi Liston) by third and fourth instar predators was frequency-dependent. However, in the case of second instar predators, prey size selection was not frequency-dependent and the predator preferred second instar to fourth instar prey. When offered second instars of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi the preference for one species over the other w

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Flaherty, Leah, Jacques Régnière, and Jon Sweeney. "Number of instars and sexual dimorphism of Tetropium fuscum (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae determined by maximum likelihood." Canadian Entomologist 144, no. 5 (2012): 720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.60.

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AbstractTetropium fuscum (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a Palaearctic wood borer that has been established in Atlantic Canada since at least 1990. Neither the number of instars nor methods for determining the instar of field-collected larvae have been documented for this species. Head-capsule width was measured for 949 T. fuscum larvae in order to determine the number of instars in this species, estimate the mean and variance of head-capsule widths associated with each instar, and identify whether head-capsule width is sexually dimorphic. Head-capsule width data were analysed using

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Chen, Yigen, and John R. Ruberson. "Starvation Effects on Larval Development of Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 43, no. 2 (2008): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.2.247.

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Sporadic starvation of herbivorous insect pests, such as the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), often occurs due to host plant scarcity and dislodgement from host plants resulting from inclement weather, enemy attack, and other perturbations. We hypothesized that (1) starvation of beet armyworm in earlier instars would increase the possibility of undergoing supernumerary instars greater than would be the case for later instars; and (2) starvation of beet armyworm in earlier instars would prolong developmental time more than starvation in later instars. We tested these hypotheses by star

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PELLIZZARI, GIUSEPPINA, FRANCESCO PORCELLI, STEFANO CONVERTINI, and SALVATORE MAROTTA. "Description of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae), with a synopsis of the European and Mediterranean species." Zootaxa 3336, no. 1 (2012): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3336.1.2.

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The morphology of the 1st-instar, 2nd-instar male and female, 3rd-instar female and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera Coccoidea Kermesidae) are described and illustrated; micrographs of some morphological details are also provided. An identification key to instars and a table showing the present status of knowledge on the morphology of European and Mediterranean Kermes instars is included.

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Parvizi, Y., A. Rasekh, and J. P. Michaud. "Cornicle secretions byAphis fabae(Hemiptera: Aphididae) result in age-dependent costs and improved host suitability forLysiphlebus fabarum(Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no. 5 (2017): 685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317001225.

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AbstractWe examined the life history consequences of cornicle secretion byAphis fabaeScopoli in second and fourth instars, and its effects on host suitability for its parasitoid,Lysiphlebus fabarum(Marshall). Cornicle secretion did not affect aphid fecundity, but secretion in the second instar enhanced life table parameters, whereas secretion in the fourth instar affected them negatively, suggesting a higher cost of secretion in later instars. Secretion in either instar improved host suitability forL. fabarum. Although control and treated aphids were parasitized at similar rates, and with simi

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8

Wignall, Anne E., and Phillip W. Taylor. "Growth and development of an araneophagic assassin bug, Stenolemus bituberus (Heteroptera:Reduviidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 4 (2008): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08058.

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Stenolemus bituberus Stål is an araneophagic Australian assassin bug (i.e. it preys on web-building spiders). As a step towards more thoroughly understanding the behaviour and predatory biology of this species, here we provide baseline information about development. During its development, there are 5 instars, with the 4th instar being the longest. The length of the 4th instar was consistent with this species’ phenology in the field and corresponds to the winter months. Mortality during the 4th instar was higher than in any other instar. Sexes were similar in size until the 5th instar (width a

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Singh, Padam, Nidhi Gupta, Ghazi Khan, Surendra Kumar, and Aftab Ahmad. "Diagnostic characters of three nymphal instars and morphological features of adult Collard-dove louse Columbicola bacillus (Phthiraptera : Insecta)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 1 (2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i1.1855.

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The morphological features of three instars of nymphs and adults of Columbicola bacillus (Ischnocera: Phthiraptera) collected from Collard-dove Streptopelia decaocto were studied. Present report furnishes Second instar nymph can be separated from first instar due to appearance of additional seta on pterothorax on seventh to eight adominal segments. Third instars can be distinguished from second instar due to appearance of pleural seta on abdominal segment seventh to ninth.

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Volp, Trevor M., Myron P. Zalucki, and Michael J. Furlong. "Ontogenetic Changes in the Feeding Behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera Larvae on Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) Flowers and Pods." Plants 13, no. 5 (2024): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13050696.

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Despite substantial research examining caterpillar–plant interactions, changes in the feeding behaviour of lepidopteran larvae as they develop are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated ontogenetic changes in the behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera larvae feeding on reproductive structures of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Specifically, we examined the preference for and avoidance of pigeonpea flowers and pods of first, second, third, and fourth instar H. armigera larvae. We also conducted a no-choice assay to compare the ability of third and fourth instar larvae to penetrate pigeonpea po

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Dolinskaya, I. "Formation of Pattern and Diagnostic Instar Features of the Head in Caterpillars from Genus Peridea (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae)." Vestnik Zoologii 43, no. 1 (2009): e-15-e-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-009-0002-1.

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Formation of Pattern and Diagnostic Instar Features of the Head in Caterpillars from Genus Peridea (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) Pattern and colouration of caterpillar head of all larval instar of 7 species from genus Peridea Stephens, 1828 are studied. Formation of caterpillar head pattern in ontogenesis is discussed. Diagnostic characters, both specific and larval instars, are recorded for the first time. Key to species according to larval instars is given. Evidently, only larvae of the 1st instar demonstrate different directions in the pattern formation. This characteristic can be used for cl

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Mello, F., J. Jurberg, and J. Grazia. "Morphological study of the eggs and nymphs of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) observed by light and scanning electron microscopy (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 104, no. 8 (2009): 1072–82. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762009000800003.

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Eggs and nymphs of <em>Triatoma dimidiata</em> were described using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The egg body and operculum have an exochorion formed by irregular juxtaposed polygonal cells; these cells are without sculpture and the majority of them are hexagonal in shape. The five instars of <em>T. dimidiata</em> can be distinguished from each other by characteristics of the pre, meso and metanotum. The number of setiferous tubercles increases progressively among instars. The sulcus stridulatorium of 1st instar nymphs is amorphous, showing median parallel grooves; from the 2nd

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13

Kikuchi, Yoshitomo, Takahiro Hosokawa, and Takema Fukatsu. "Specific Developmental Window for Establishment of an Insect-Microbe Gut Symbiosis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 12 (2011): 4075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00358-11.

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ABSTRACTThe alydid stinkbugRiptortus pedestrisis specifically associated with a beneficialBurkholderiasymbiont in the midgut crypts. Exceptional among insect-microbe mutualistic associations, theBurkholderiasymbiont is not vertically transmitted but orally acquired by nymphal insects from the environment every generation. Here we experimentally investigated the process of symbiont acquisition during the nymphal development ofR. pedestris. In a field population, many 2nd instar nymphs wereBurkholderiafree, while all 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar nymphs were infected. When reared on soil-grown potted

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14

Santos, Huarrisson Azevedo, Isabele da Costa Angelo, Marcos Pinheiro Franque, et al. "The influence of the fasting period on the number of nymphal instars and on the sex ratio of Argas (Persicargas) miniatus (Acari: Argasidae)." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 19, no. 3 (2010): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612010000300007.

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The current study investigated the biology of nymphs of the first and second instars of Argas (Persicargas) miniatus. Nymphs were deprived of food for 15, 30 or 60 days and held at 27 ± 1 ºC and 80 ± 10% relative humidity (controlled conditions) or at room conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Nymphs of first instar deprived of food for 15 or 30 days molted to second and third instars in both controlled and room conditions. Nymphs of the first instar deprived of food for 60 days had 28 and 37% mortality in controlled and room conditions, respectively; and survivors did not attach to

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15

Subramaniam, Jayapal. "LARVICIDAL AND PUPCIDAL EFFICACY OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA LEAF EXTRACT AND BACTERIAL INSECTICIDE, BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST MALARIAL VECTOR, ANOPHELES STEPHENSI LISTON. (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)." Journal of Biopesticides 5 (April 1, 2012): 165–69. https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.5.0.163-169.

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The efficacy ofleaf extracts of Momordica charantia and Bacillus thuringiensis hasbeen proven against larvicidal and pupicidal activities of the malarial vector,Anopheles stephensi. The present study investigated the larvicidal andpupicidal activity against the first to fourth instar lavae and pupae of thelaboratory-reared mosquitoes, An. stephensi. The plant extract showedlarvicidal and pupicidal effects after 24 h of exposure. All larval instars andpupae have considerably moderate mortality; however, the highest larval andpupal mortality was the methanol extract of leaf M. charantia againstt

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Wang, Miaomiao, Xingjia Xiang, and Xia Wan. "Divergence in Gut Bacterial Community Among Life Stages of the Rainbow Stag Beetle Phalacrognathus muelleri (Coleptera: Lucanidae)." Insects 11, no. 10 (2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11100719.

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Although stag beetles are popular saprophytic insects, there are few studies about their gut bacterial community. This study focused on the gut bacterial community structure of the rainbow stag beetle (i.e., Phalacrognathus muelleri) in its larvae (three instars) and adult stages, using high throughput sequencing (Illumina Miseq). Our aim was to compare the gut bacterial community structure among different life stages. The results revealed that bacterial alpha diversity increased from the 1st instar to the 3rd instar larvae. Adults showed the lowest gut bacterial alpha diversity. Bacterial com

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Liu, Xin, Youjun Zhang, Wen Xie, Qingjun Wu, and Shaoli Wang. "The suitability of biotypes Q and B ofBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different nymphal instars as hosts forEncarsia formosaGahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)." PeerJ 4 (April 18, 2016): e1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1863.

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Encarsia formosaGahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid that is commercially reared and released for augmentative biological control of whiteflies infesting greenhouse crops. In most areas in China, the invasive and destructive whiteflyBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype Q has replacedB. tabacibiotype B and has become dominant between the two. A better understanding of the suitability of different nymphal instars ofB. tabacibiotypes Q and B as hosts forE. formosais needed to improve the use of this parasitoid for biological control. Parasitism of th

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Thireau, J. C., J. Régnière, and C. Cloutier. "Biology and morphology of immature stages of Meteorus trachynotus Vier. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 5 (1990): 1000–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-144.

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The immature stages of Meteorus trachynotus Vier., developing in larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), are described. The egg of M. trachynotus is of the stalked type. There are three larval stages. The first instar has a caudal appendage which stops growing in the second instar and is lost when the larva exits from the host in the third instar. Only the first and third instars have sclerotized structures. The head region of the first instar bears a pair of hooklike appendages which are described for the first time. Cephalic sclerites of the last instar larva of other species of Meteorus

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Ismail Mosleh, Yahia Youssef. "ASSESSMENT OF TWO NATURAL TOXIN MICROCYSTIN AND NODULARIN FOR THE CONTROL OF ANOPHELES MULTICOLOR (DIPTERA: ANOPHELIDAE)." Journal of Biopesticides 04, no. 01 (2011): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.4.1.61-64.

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ABSTRACT Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of two cyanobacterial toxins (microcystin and nodularin) against the different larval instars, pupal and adult stages of Anopheles multicolor. Experiments were carried out in plastic cups, and the two toxins were tested at four concentrations, where the LC10, LC25, LC50 and LC90 for the first instar larvae under laboratory conditions were 2.95, 3.80, 4.95 and 7.45 µg /ml and 4.37, 6.40, 8.85 and 14.39 µg/ml for microsystin and nodularin respectively. While the LC50 for the first, second, third and fourth larval instars we

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Buys, Sandor Christiano, Elder Ferreira Morato, and Carlos Alberto Garófalo. "Description of the immature instars of three species of Podium Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) from Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21, no. 1 (2004): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752004000100013.

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Immature instars of three species of the neotropical cockroach-hunting genus Podium Fabricius, 1804 are described. All larval instars and the cocoon of P. denticulatum Smith, 1856; the last instar and the cocoon of P. aureosericeum Kohl, 1902 and the last instar larva of P. fumigatum (Perty, 1833) were treated. The last larval instar of P. denticulatum is distinct from those of other species by lacking cephalic rugosity and spinning cocoons tapered in the posterior extremity. P. aureosericeum and P. fumigatum are unique in bearing small lamellae between mandibular teeth.

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Farag, Mohamed, Mohamed H. M. Ahmed, Heba Yousef, Samy S. El-badawey, Melegi A. Abd El-Ghany, and Adel A. H. Abdel-Rahman. "Repellent and Insecticide Activity of Pelargonium x hortorum against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 7-8 (2012): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-7-807.

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Insecticide and repellent activity of an acetone extract and oil from fresh leaves of Pelargonium x hortorum (cv. Orangesonne) were evaluated against the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The oil showed medium toxicity against the 2nd instar and low toxicity against the 4th instar larvae, while the extract showed high significant toxicity at all concentrations tested against the two instars. On the other hand, both oil and extract exhibited highly significant repellency against the two tested instars. Volatile constituents of the oil were als

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K., Ghoneim, and Basiouny A. "Insecticidal and Anti juvenile Hormone Activities of Precocene II against the Grasshopper Euprepocnemis plorans plorans Charp. Orthoptera Acrididae ." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 1, no. 6 (2017): 510–24. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd4603.

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The grasshopper Euprepocnemis plorans plorans caused a considerable damage to crops of the Nile Delta, Egypt. The present study was conducted aiming to assess the insecticidal and anti hormonal effects of Precocene II on this grasshopper. The newly moulted 2nd or 4th penultimate instar nymphs were exposed to a series of doses 60, 40, 20 and 10 µg cm2. Exposure of 2nd instar nymphs to the higher two doses resulted in complete mortality of nymphs within 24 h. At the lower two doses, PII exhibited a considerably extended low toxicity on the subsequently moulted instars and emerged adults. L

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Nkwala, Alfiery Laurel Djomnang, Franklin Simo Talla, Charly Oumarou Ngoute, et al. "Morphology, development, and reproduction of Eyprepocnemis plorans ibandana (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in South Cameroon rainforests." Journal of Orthoptera Research 28, no. 2 (2019): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.33370.

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Eyprepocnemis plorans ibandana is a very common grasshopper species in open environments and agricultural systems of tropical Africa. It is a pest that significantly benefits from forest degradation in southern Cameroon, hence the need to study the bioecology of this subspecies. We studied the reproduction as well as the morphological characteristics and development times of the post-embryonic instars of E. p. ibandana. Sixty-one adult pairs were obtained from sixth instar nymphs caught in grassy vegetation in the Nkolbisson area (Yaoundé) and bred in the laboratory. After hatching, the first

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Nkwala, Alfiery Laurel Djomnang, Franklin Simo Talla, Charly Oumarou Ngoute, et al. "Morphology, development, and reproduction of Eyprepocnemis plorans ibandana (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in South Cameroon rainforests." Journal of Orthoptera Research 28, no. (2) (2019): 145–54. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.33370.

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Eyprepocnemis plorans ibandana is a very common grasshopper species in open environments and agricultural systems of tropical Africa. It is a pest that significantly benefits from forest degradation in southern Cameroon, hence the need to study the bioecology of this subspecies. We studied the reproduction as well as the morphological characteristics and development times of the post-embryonic instars of E. p. ibandana. Sixty-one adult pairs were obtained from sixth instar nymphs caught in grassy vegetation in the Nkolbisson area (Yaoundé) and bred in the laboratory. After hatching, the first

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A, Nisha, and Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan. "Crude Volatile Oil Derived from Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn (Asteraceae) Comparative Insecticidal Activity Against Agriculture Pests Spodoptera Litura and Plutella Xylostella." E3S Web of Conferences 477 (2024): 00038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447700038.

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The goal of this work is to compare the Larvicidal activity of plant-derived essentialoils against Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella and eliminate the chemical burden in managing agricultural pests. Pest rearing, homology modelling, and molecular docking are among of the approaches used in this study. The G Power value is set at 0.8, with two sets of five sample sizes each. At 500 ppm, the death rate was highest in all instars: 93.1% (II instar), 85.2% (III instar), and 81.2% (IV instar). The death rate was lower at the lowest dose of 100 ppm across all larval instars. Both pests’ seco

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Rocha, Agda Alves, and Edilberto Giannotti. "External Morphology of Immatures of Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) during the Post-embryonic Development." Sociobiology 63, no. 3 (2016): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i3.988.

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The work on this paper aimed to perform the description of the immatures and determine the number of larval instars in the post-embryonic development of Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards, a social wasp which the only works performed were the description of the specie and of the male. Twenty colonies were collected in the city of Rio de Contas, in the region of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil and there were dimensioned 145 eggs, 349 larvae, 12 pre-pupae and 59 pupae. The eggs presented an average length of 1.03 ± 0.12mm and diameter of 0.40 ± 0.03mm. The average rate of growth of the larvae

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Mashimo, Yuta, Rolf Beutel, Romano Dallai, Chow-Yang Lee, and Ryuichiro Machida. "Postembryonic development of the ground louse Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Insecta: Zoraptera: Zorotypidae)." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 72, no. 1 (2014): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.72.e31786.

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Based on captive breeding, the postembryonic development of the ground louse Zorotypus caudelli Karny, 1927 (Zoraptera, Zorotypidae) was examined and described in detail. The number of nymphal instars in Z. caudelli is five. During the second molt (2nd to 3rd instar), the number of antennomeres increases from eight to nine by subdivision of the basal flagellomere (meriston). Apterous and winged forms differentiate in the 4th nymphal instar. In the 4th instar of the winged form, small wing pads and small ocular spots appear. In the 5th instar, the wing pads elongate and the ocular spots are wid

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Mashimo, Yuta, Rolf Beutel, Romano Dallai, Chow-Yang Lee, and Ryuichiro Machida. "Postembryonic development of the ground louse Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Insecta: Zoraptera: Zorotypidae)." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 72 (April 8, 2014): 55–71. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.72.e31786.

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Based on captive breeding, the postembryonic development of the ground louse Zorotypus caudelli Karny, 1927 (Zoraptera, Zorotypidae) was examined and described in detail. The number of nymphal instars in Z. caudelli is five. During the second molt (2nd to 3rd instar), the number of antennomeres increases from eight to nine by subdivision of the basal flagellomere (meriston). Apterous and winged forms differentiate in the 4th nymphal instar. In the 4th instar of the winged form, small wing pads and small ocular spots appear. In the 5th instar, the wing pads elongate and the ocular spots are wid

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Musa, A. K., and M. C. Dike. "Life cycle, morphometrics and damage assessment of the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on stored groundnut." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 54, no. 2 (2009): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0902135m.

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The life cycle of the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on stored groundnut was studied under fluctuating laboratory conditions of 25?5?C and 70?5% relative humidity. There were five larval instars and the total development time from egg to adult ranged from 37 to 40 days with an average of 37.95 days. The duration of each developmental stage was egg: 6.05 days; first instar: 3.8 days; second instar: 4.7 days; third instar: 5.6 days; fourth instar: 6.2 days; fifth instar: 6.8 days and pupa: 4.8 days. Females had an average fecundity of 80.2 eggs. Mean adult l

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Zarghami, Sara, Mohammad Saeed Mossadegh, Farhan Kocheili, Hossein Allahyari, and Arash Rasekh. "Functional Responses ofNephus arcuatusKapur (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), the Most Important Predator of Spherical MealybugNipaecoccus viridis(Newstead)." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9417496.

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Nephus arcuatusKapur is an important predator ofNipaecoccus viridis(Newstead), in citrus orchards of southwestern Iran. This study examined the feeding efficiency of all stages ofN. arcuatusat different densities ofN. viridiseggs by estimating their functional responses. First and 2nd instar larvae as well as adult males exhibited a type II functional response. Attack rate and handling time were estimated to be 0.2749 h−1and 5.4252 h, respectively, for 1st instars, 0.5142 h−1and 1.1995 h for 2nd instars, and 0.4726 h−1and 0.7765 h for adult males. In contrast, 3rd and 4th instar larvae and adu

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Mohamed, Abdul K. A., and Fred R. S. Nelson. "PATHOGENICITY OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VAR. ANISOPLIAE1 TO MOSQUITO LARVAE." Journal of Entomological Science 20, no. 4 (1985): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-20.4.398.

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Water samples from various mosquito breeding habitats did not have an effect on the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae isolate E9 when treated in the laboratory against 3rd instar of Culex quinquefasciatus. At the highest dosage rate (5.0 mg), the percent mortality varied from 89.1 ± 4.8 in rice field water to 94.4 ± 4.1 in sewer drainage and open ditch water. In another laboratory test, all field collected instars (89.25% Culex, 8.50% Aedes and 2.25% Psorophora) were found to be highly sensitive to isolate E9. At the 5.0 mg rate the percent mortality ranged from 91.2 ± 2.9 in

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Whitfield, G. H., K. W. Richards, and T. M. Kveder. "NUMBER OF INSTARS OF LARVAE OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (F.) (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 119, no. 10 (1987): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent119859-10.

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AbstractThe number of instars of larvae of the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), was determined by direct observation, frequency distribution plots, and linear regression of head-capsule measurements. For all three methods, developmental polymorphism was observed; larvae were grouped according to the number of instars. The majority of larvae (77%) had four larval instars and the remainder had five. Mortality of bee larvae, apparently a result of physical injury during measurement of head-capsule width, was high but results were based on data for 259 individuals that completed d

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ZHENG, XINYI, GILLIAN W. WATSON, JIANGTAO ZHANG, ZHIXIANG TAN, and SAN’AN WU. "A review of the genus Neogreenia MacGillivray (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Qinococcidae) with descriptions of two new species." Zootaxa 5418, no. 5 (2024): 401–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5418.5.1.

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The species of Neogreenia MacGillivray (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Qinococcidae) are reviewed. The genus is distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions and now contains seven species. The present study provides updated generic descriptions of all the developmental stages and a brief account of the biology and life cycle of Neogreenia. The genotype, Neogreenia zeylanica (Green, 1896), is redescribed. The following are described and illustrated for the first time: the second-instar nymph, third-instar female, and male third-instar nymph and pupa of N. zizyphi Tang; the second-instar nymph o

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WARINGER, JOHANN. "Tools for instar determination of European caddisfly larvae (Insecta: Trichoptera)." Zootaxa 4908, no. 1 (2021): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4908.1.5.

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The paper explores the adult-forewing-length to larval-head-width relationship as a basis for instar determination of final instar caddisfly larvae on a family level. In addition, reference data from published sources were used to extract series of percentage-head-width increments and factors-of-increase for penultimate to first instars. This material provides estimates for head widths of earlier instars on the family level.

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PELLIZZARI, GIUSEPPINA, and CHRIS HODGSON. "A new species of Prionococcus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Coccidae) from Mexico, with a discussion of its affinities." Zootaxa 1481, no. 1 (2007): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1481.1.1.

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The adult female, 1st-instar nymph, 2nd-instar female, 2nd-instar male, male puparium, prepupa, pupa, and adult male of a new species of Prionococcus Williams, Hodgson & Danzig, P. fontanai Pellizzari & Hodgson, are described and illustrated. Keys are given for the separation of the 3 species now in the genus Prionococcus and for separating the instars. The relationships of this genus within the family Coccidae are discussed.

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Lee, Cha Young, Jinseok Byeon, Min Kyung Kim, Tae-gwan Lee, and Dong Gun Kim. "Passability of Chironomid Larvae in Granular Activated Carbon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (2022): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19021005.

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We conducted an experiment to confirm the passability of chironomid larvae (Glyptotendipes tokunagai) in granular activated carbon (GAC) used in water treatment plants. After injecting larvae at different growth stages (first through fourth instars) into circular columns filled with GAC, the number of individuals and their locations within the GAC columns were recorded after 168 h. We found that more than 80% of the injected larvae in the first instar and 3.3% in the second instar passed, whereas none from the third and fourth instars had passed through the column. The second instar larvae wer

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A, Nisha, and Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan. "Assessing Larval Toxicity of Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn Essential Oil Against Dengue and Filarial Vectors." E3S Web of Conferences 477 (2024): 00043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447700043.

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This study focuses on a crucial objective: eradicating the formidable dengue and filarial vectors through larval toxicity using a novel essential oil derived from Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. The research encompasses several key methodologies, including pest rearing, homology modeling, and molecular docking. The G Power value is taken as 0.8, with two groups and each group carrying 5 sample sizes. Si-CVO is toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae, and it causes dose-dependent mortality in the II, III, and IV instar larvae, respectively. Maximum mortality rates for all instars were 500 ppm: 91.3% (II insta

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Shaheen, Tayyab, Jiali Guo, Yun Wang, Jiaojiao Zhou, Guanghui Tang, and Zhengqing Zhang. "Determination of Larval Instars of Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) Using Head Capsule Width Frequency Distribution." Insects 15, no. 12 (2024): 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15121013.

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Long-horned beetles are among the major insect pests that can cause significant economic and ecological damage globally. The control of long-horned beetles is crucial to sustain the forest ecosystem. Dastarcus helophoroides, an economically important ectoparasitoid of long-horned beetles, is widely utilized in biological control strategies. However, the number of larval instars in D. helophoroides remains underexplored. Larval instar determination is crucial for constructing growth prediction models and ecological life tables for insect populations. In this study, we analyzed the frequency dis

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Faria, Lucas Del Bianco, Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy, and Sérgio Furtado dos Reis. "Larval predation on different instars in blowfly populations." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 47, no. 6 (2004): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132004000600008.

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During its larval stage, Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a facultative predator on other blowflies. In this study, we evaluated the predation by third instar larvae of C. albiceps on first, second and third instar larvae of Chrysomya megacephala and Cochliomyia macellaria in no-choice experiments in order to compare the vulnerability of larval instars to predation. With first and second instar prey the highest predation rate by C. albiceps was on C. megacephala. For third instar prey, the highest predation rate was on C. macellaria. With second instar prey, there was complete pr

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Baker, Robert L., Mark R. L. Forbes, and Heather C. Proctor. "Sexual differences in development and behaviour of larval Ischnura verticalis (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 6 (1992): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-162.

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The emergence period of Ischnura verticalis from a pond in southern Ontario lasted at least 97 days; the sex ratio of emerging larvae was not significantly different from 1:1. A 17-month study on larvae from the same pond indicated that the life cycle was univoltine and that male larvae tended to develop faster than female larvae. Analysis of instar distributions of larval I. verticalis collected from a series of ponds also indicated that males were in more advanced instars than females. In the laboratory, male I. verticalis larvae in the final instar developed faster than female larvae in the

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Moss, Graeme A., Lennard J. Tong, and Sarah E. Allen. "Effect of temperature and food ration on the growth and survival of early and mid-stage phyllosomas of the spiny lobster Jasus verreauxi." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 8 (2001): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01079.

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Instar 1, 3, 5, and 7 phyllosomas of the spiny lobsterJasus verreauxi were reared individually at one of four temperatures (18, 21, 24, and 27C) and fed low, medium, or high rations of 2- to 3-mm Artemia salina. An increase in the temperature reduced the intermoult period for all instars tested, but only the instar 5 phyllosomas showed any significant differences in postmoult size with temperature; those at 18C were smaller. Phyllosomas reared at 18C ate fewer Artemia each day than did those at the higher temperatures, but instars 3 and 5 at 18C consumed more in total over the intermoult perio

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MacRae, Ian V., and Richard A. Ring. "LIFE HISTORY OF CRICOTOPUS MYRIOPHYLLI OLIVER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Entomologist 125, no. 6 (1993): 979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125979-6.

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AbstractThe life history of Cricotopus myriophylli Oliver is described from both field observations and laboratory rearing of field-collected larvae. The species appears to be univoltine with four larval instars and has a sex ratio of ca. 2:1, males to females. Emergence begins in late May in British Columbia and continues until mid-September, with first-instar larvae present in the field from mid-June to mid-August. Water temperature does not appear to influence the rate of emergence. In the laboratory at 21 °C, larvae complete each of the third and fourth instars in 10–14 days. Cricotopus my

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Li, Na, Lei Wu, Yongxin Geng, Danfeng Wei, and Min Chen. "Determination of Larval Instars of Semanotus bifasciatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Based on Frequency Distributions of Morphological Variables." Journal of Entomological Science 55, no. 3 (2020): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-55.3.405.

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Abstract Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most destructive pests of Platycladus trees in China. Morphological measurements, such as head capsule (HC) width, can be very useful and practical indicators for identifying larval instars of coleopteran species. In this study, six morphological variables, including HC width, pronotum width, mandible length and width, and body length and width were measured to determine the instars of field-collected larvae of S. bifasciatus. Both the HC width and pronotum width were reliable parameters for determining the ins

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Wong, Chung-Yiin, Siti-Suhailah Rosli, Yoshimitsu Uemura, et al. "Potential Protein and Biodiesel Sources from Black Soldier Fly Larvae: Insights of Larval Harvesting Instar and Fermented Feeding Medium." Energies 12, no. 8 (2019): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081570.

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Primarily produced via transesterification of lipid sources, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of biodiesel derived from insect larvae has gained momentum in a great deal of research done over other types of feedstock. From the self-harvesting nature of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), research had, however, only concentrated on the harvest of BSFL on sixth instar. Through rearing BSFL on coconut endosperm waste (CEW), 100 BSFL were harvested at the fifth and sixth instar, then modification on CEW with mixed-bacteria powder was carried out. It was found that the fifth instar BSFL had 34% lipid co

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Sarker, AC, W. Islam, and S. Parween. "Developmental parameters of Xylochoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) fed on life-stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (f.)." Journal of Bio-Science 27 (December 26, 2019): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v27i0.44667.

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The hemipteran predator, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) predates the eggs, larvae and pupae of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in storage condition and checks their population in considerable level. The nymphs of 1st up to 5th instar and adults of X. flavipes were found efficient to survive on eggs, larvae of 1st up to 4th instar and pupae of R. dominica. The mean duration of developmental period through five nymphal instars on eggs, larvae of 1st up to 4th instars and pupae were 18 ± 1.00, 20 ± 0.58, 16 ± 2.00, 14 ± 1.15, 12 ± 1.15 and 13 ± 0.58 days in R. dominica. The adult female X. flavipes surviv

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Kingsolver, Joel G. "Variation in growth and instar number in field and laboratory Manduca sexta." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1612 (2007): 977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0036.

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The tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta has been an important model system for understanding physiological control of growth, development and metamorphosis of insects for more than half a century. Like all Manduca , M. sexta typically has five larval instars, with developmental commitment to metamorphosis occurring early in the 5th (final) instar. Here we show that M. sexta from a field population in North Carolina (USA) shows substantial intraspecific variation in the number of larval instars when feeding on a modified artificial diet. Individuals with six instars consistently exhibited slower gro

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Ming, Gan, Miao Xue Xia, Zhu Xiang-Xiong, and Ding De Cheng. "Developmental Stages of Lysiphlebus japonicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a Bean Aphid Parasitoid." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 4 (2003): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.4.519.

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The developmental stages of a solitary parasitoid, Lysiphlebus japonicus Ashmead, of the black bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, were described by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Lysiphlebus japonicus has four larval instars. The first instar is mandibulate, caudate and has sclerotized spines. Supernumerary neonates are eliminated by powerful mandibles of the first hatched larva. The second instar has degenerative mandibles and is covered with small sclerotized bristles on abdominal segments; the cauda is short and blunt. The third instar is mandibulate; its cuticle is smooth an

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Massé, Aurélie, Kees van Frankenhuyzen, and John Dedes. "SUSCEPTIBILITY AND VULNERABILITY OF THIRD-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) TO BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. KURSTAKI." Canadian Entomologist 132, no. 5 (2000): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent132573-5.

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AbstractA droplet-imbibing assay was used to assess the susceptibility of third-instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, to Foray 48B, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki containing 12.7 billion international units (IU) per litre. We observed an LD50 of 1.17 IU/larva for third instars, as compared with 3.96 IU/larva for fifth instars. Comparison with previously published data on susceptibility of later instars revealed that third instars were two-to three-fold more susceptible to Foray 48B than fourth and fifth instars and about eigh

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Barth, Lauren Emily, W. Gary Sprules, Mathew Wells, and Melissa Coman. "Seasonal changes in the diel vertical migration of Chaoborus punctipennis larval instars." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 5 (2014): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0440.

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We describe a novel seasonal shift in the vertical migration behavior of Chaoborus punctipennis second-instar larvae in Lake Opeongo, Ontario. An upward-looking 600 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) moored at a fixed 22 m station in the lake recorded acoustic backscatter continuously during the study period. Zooplankton samples collected indicated that the abundance of C. punctipennis larval instars accounted for the greatest proportion of variance in the linear backscatter from the ADCP. The large fourth-instar larvae underwent normal diel vertical migration throughout the study. S

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Colbo, M. H. "Simulium vittatum (Simuliidae: Diptera), a black fly with a variable instar number." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 7 (1989): 1730–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-247.

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Simulium vittatum is a black fly that normally has 7 larval instars but may undergo several more, with a maximum of 11 instars being recorded in this study. The size increase was relatively constant between individuals for any one instar under similar conditions, but the increase in the first two molts was much greater than observed between late instars. There was little relationship between the relative sizes of certain head capsule measurements in the final instar, indicating the difficulty in determining stable characters for taxonomic separation of closely related simuliid species.

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