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Journal articles on the topic 'Instillation Ratio'

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Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Huang, Yong, Junjie Cen, Zhuowei Liu, et al. "A Comparison of Different Prophylactic Intravesical Chemotherapy Regimens for Bladder Cancer Recurrence After Nephroureterectomy for Primary Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: A Retrospective 2-center Study." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 18 (January 1, 2019): 153303381984448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033819844483.

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Prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy can decrease bladder cancer recurrence rate after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. We aimed to compare the effect of different prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy regimens in bladder recurrence-free survival. From 2000 to 2016, a total of 270 patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy at both institutions were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups: multiple-instillation group, single-instillation group, and no-instillation group. Univariable and multivariable analyses with Cox regression methods were performed to c

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Nishizawa, Hideo, Hiroshi Yamada, Hiroshi Miyazaki, et al. "Soluble Complement Receptor Type 1 Inhibited the Systemic Organ Injury Caused by Acid Instillation into a Lung." Anesthesiology 85, no. 5 (1996): 1120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199611000-00021.

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Background Acid aspiration into one lung causes contralateral lung injury and systemic organ injury; this injury is thought to be mediated by the sequestration of activated neutrophils. Recombinant human soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) inhibits both the classical and alternative complement pathways; this study investigated the role of the complement system in unilateral acid lung injury by measuring the effects of administering sCR1 before or immediately after acid instillation. Methods Anesthetized rats (n = 18 in each group) underwent tracheostomy and insertion of a cannula into the ant

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Fan, Bo, Qiliang Teng, Min Sun, et al. "Assessment of Therapeutic Benefit and Option Strategy on Intravesical Instillation for Preventing Bladder Cancer Recurrence after Radical Nephroureterectomy in Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma." Journal of Oncology 2022 (May 30, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1755368.

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Objective. Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) is a very aggressive disease, characterized by 22%–50% of patients suffering from subsequent bladder recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Although the therapy of intravesical instillation is reported to be effective in preventing bladder recurrence, no study had been reported in Northeast China. The findings relating to the clinical effectiveness of intravesical instillation after RNU are somewhat controversial, and the best efficacy and least adverse effects of instillation drugs have not been widely accepted. Here, we

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Sindelar, Richard, Anders Jonzon, Andreas Schulze, and Gunnar Sedin. "Surfactant replacement partially restores the activity of pulmonary stretch receptors in surfactant-depleted cats." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 2 (2006): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00389.2005.

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Single units of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs) were investigated in anesthetized cats during spontaneous breathing on continuous positive airway pressure (2–5 cmH2O), before and after lung lavage and then after instillation of surfactant to determine the PSR response to surfactant replacement. PSRs were classified as high threshold (HT) and low threshold (LT), and their instantaneous impulse frequency ( fimp) was related to transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) and tidal volume (Vt). Both the total number of impulses and maximal fimp of HT and LT PSRs decreased after lung lavage (5

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Kayikcioglu, Ozcan, Sinan Bilgin, and Murat Uyar. "Review on the Eyedrop Self-Instillation Techniques and Factors Affecting These Techniques in Glaucoma Patients." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9183272.

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Objective. This study aims to evaluate eyedrop self-installation techniques and factors affecting these techniques in glaucoma patients.Methods. Researchers directly observed eyedrop instillation procedures of 66 glaucoma patients. Contact with periocular tissues and instillation onto ocular surface or conjunctival fornices were considered. Correlations of instillation patterns with patient characteristics including age, gender, intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratio, visual field loss, and total intake of glaucoma medication and handgrip strength score were searched.Results. The average hand

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Lin, Po-Ting, Wei-Kang Hung, Ying-Hsu Chang, et al. "Replacement Instead of Discontinuation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer." Cancers 15, no. 4 (2023): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041345.

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Background: To evaluate the efficacy of intravesical chemotherapy replacement in patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), who underwent bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation but discontinued due to global shortages or toxicity of BCG. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC who received BCG intravesical instillation. Those who discontinued the treatment were divided into the pure BCG group and chemotherapy replacement group. Comparisons between these groups were performed. The primary endpoint

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Rieger, Mary M., Nemi M. Shah, Kimberly L. Ferrante, et al. "Intraoperative Gentamicin Intravesical Instillation for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection After Urogynecologic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Urogynecology 28, no. 12 (2022): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/spv.0000000000001233.

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Importance Currently available evidence for efficacy of postoperative antibiotics to prevent postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) conflicts. Oral antibiotics rely on patient adherence and can cause unwanted systemic effects. Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with rapid bactericidal activity and, when administered intravesically, has no systemic absorption through intact urothelium. Objective We aimed to determine whether a single intravesical instillation of gentamicin at the conclusion of urogynecologic surgery would reduce the proportion of women treated for UTI within 6 weeks

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Besselink, Rob A. M., Cornelis H. Schroder, and Anton M. Van Oort. "Influence of Dialysate Exchange on Cardiac Left Ventricular Function in Children Treated with CAPD." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 11, no. 2 (1991): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089101100208.

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The influence of peritoneal dialysate exchange on the ventricular function in 11 children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) therapy was studied before and after instillation dialysate. Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and echocardiographical data (shortening fraction and pre-ejection period/left ventricle ejection time-ratio) were obtained before and after instillation. There were no differences present with respect to the measured parameters after the abdomen was filled. It is concluded that in children treated with CAPD the exchange of normal volumes of dialysate has no

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Espinosa, F. F., and R. D. Kamm. "Meniscus formation during tracheal instillation of surfactant." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 1 (1998): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.1.266.

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The method of surfactant instillation into the lungs for treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is an important attribute of delivery, and it may determine the overall efficacy of treatment. Previous studies primarily focused on the rate at which the bolus is instilled. These findings show that rapid injections lead to a more homogenous distribution, whereas slow infusions drain into the dependent lung with respect to gravity, resulting in a heterogeneous deposition. These results suggest that it is beneficial to form a meniscus, from which a more homogenous dispersal can proceed.

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Lucey, EC, PJ Stone, JC Powers, and GL Snider. "Amelioration of human neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters by pretreatment with an oligopeptide chloromethyl ketone." European Respiratory Journal 2, no. 5 (1989): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.02050421.

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Human neutrophils are a likely source of elastase in the pathogenesis of human pulmonary emphysema. A study was undertaken to determine whether emphysema, induced in hamsters by intratracheal treatment with human neutrophil elastase (HNE), could be ameliorated by intratracheal instillation of succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-valine-chloromethyl ketone (CMK). One mg of CMK was given to hamsters 1 h before 300 or 360 micrograms HNE or 1 h or 4 h after 360 micrograms HNE. The animals were studied eight weeks after treatment. The CMK given 4 h after HNE did not ameliorate the emphysema. The CMK given

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Colombo, Renzo, Federico Pellucchi, Lorenzo Rocchini, Carmen Maccagnano, Pablo Katz, and Valeria Pegoraro. "A pharmacoeconomic analysis of the use of single MMC instillation in low risk NMIBC in Italy." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 14, no. 1 (2013): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v14i1.635.

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BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer accounts for 5-10% of all cancers in Europe and up to 85% patients presents a noninvasive tumor, whose treatment of choice is the transurethral bladder resection (TURB) paired with adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Despite several clinical trials showed that this treatment is safe and decreases recurrences by 17% to 44% this practice is limited for many reasons. The study objective is to analyze the economical advantages of the single immediate post operative Mitomycin C instillation in Non Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) low-risk patients.M

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Zhang, Zhihua, Shujun Hu, Ping Fan, et al. "The Roles of Liver Inflammation and the Insulin Signaling Pathway in PM2.5 Instillation-Induced Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats." Disease Markers 2021 (October 29, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2821673.

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To elucidate the mechanism of how the liver participates in PM2.5-caused insulin resistance. A novel Wistar rat model was developed in this study by instilling a suspension of lyophilized PM2.5 sample (2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg) collected from the atmosphere. Systemic insulin resistance indicators, including serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and hemoglobin A1 (HbA1), were upregulated by the PM2.5 instillation. The area under the curve (AUCglu) calculated by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (I

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Nishina, Kahoru, Katsuya Mikawa, Yumiko Takao, Makoto Shiga, Nobuhiro Maekawa, and Hidefumi Obara. "Intravenous Lidocaine Attenuates Acute Lung Injury Induced by Hydrochloric Acid Aspiration in Rabbits." Anesthesiology 88, no. 5 (1998): 1300–1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199805000-00022.

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Background Neutrophils play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acid-induced acute lung injury. Lidocaine inhibits the function of neutrophils. This study aimed to determine whether lidocaine attenuates acute lung injury induced by hydrochloric acid (HCl) instillation. Methods In study 1, rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 7 each). Lung injury was induced by intratracheal HCl (0.1 N, 3 ml/kg) in two groups. The other two groups received saline intratracheally. Lidocaine given intravenously (2 mg/ g bolus + 2 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) infusion) was started 10 min before intratracheal instil

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Pérez-Aizpurua, X., J. I. Monzó-Gardiner, J. Maqueda-Arellano, et al. "Oncological outcomes of high risk non-muscle invasive bladder tumours affected by bcg shortage for intravesical instillation." ANALES RANM 138, no. 138(03) (2021): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32440/ar.2021.138.03.org02.

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Objectives: During 2019 there was a worldwide shortage of BCG strains for intravesical instillation, limiting the availability of full dose schemes for maintenance courses. The main objective of the present study is to analyze whether patients affected during the shortage by reduced dose courses, are at a higher risk of tumor recurrence than those receiving full dose schemes. Methods: Retrospective cohort study with a total sample of 154 subjects (60 treated during 2019 and 94 during 2017) with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and treated with a combination of Transurethral bladder

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Velazquez, M., and D. P. Schuster. "Perfusion redistribution after alveolar flooding: vasoconstriction vs. vascular compression." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 2 (1991): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.600.

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We compared the effects of left caudal lobe (LCL) alveolar hypoxia on regional pulmonary blood flow (PBF) with the effects due to alveolar edema induced by plasma instilled directly into the LCL airways of 16 dogs. Regional measurements were made with positron emission tomography. After hypoxic ventilation of the LCL (n = 11), the LCL-to-right caudal lobe (L/R) PBF ratio fell from 0.94 +/- 0.21 during 100% oxygen ventilation of the LCL to 0.46 +/- 0.21 (P less than 0.05). After instillation of either isooncotic (n = 5) or hypooncotic plasma (n = 3) into the LCL, the L/R PBF ratio was similar t

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Harris, J. D., F. Jackson, M. A. Moxley, and W. J. Longmore. "Effect of exogenous surfactant instillation on experimental acute lung injury." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 4 (1989): 1846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.4.1846.

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Pulmonary surfactant replacement has previously been shown to be effective in the human neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. The value of surfactant replacement in models of acute lung injury other than quantitative surfactant deficiency states is, however, uncertain. In this study an acute lung injury model using rats with chronic indwelling arterial catheters, injured with N-nitroso-N-methylurethane (NNNMU), has been developed. The NNNMU injury was found to produce hypoxia, increased mortality, an alveolitis, and alterations in the pulmonary surfactant system. Alterations of surfactant ob

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FACOG, Ricardo. "Prenatal Intraamniotic Surfactant Administration Improves Lung Function at Birth and the Effects of Conventional Postdelivery Treatment in Animal Model. A Randomized Controled Trial." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 3, no. 3 (2019): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/027.

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Introduction: Surfactant diluted in the pulmonary fluid at birth promove airway formation and prevents lung injury, for this reason some investigators have proposed that actual surfactant prophylaxis in high risk preterm deliveries, should be done before the first breath, perhaps in-uteri. Objetive: to evaluate if intraamniotic surfactant plus conventional neonatal instillation improves respiratory outcome outcome compared with only conventional neonatal instillation. Materials and Methods: randomized, controlled and double blinded protocol in a model of very immature born lambs. 125 days preg

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Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Workineh Shibeshi, Abeba T. Giorgis, and Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom. "The Impact of Adherence and Instillation Proficiency of Topical Glaucoma Medications on Intraocular Pressure." Journal of Ophthalmology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1683430.

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Background. The possible sequel of poorly controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) includes treatment failure, unnecessary medication use, and economic burden on patients with glaucoma. Objective. To assess the impact of adherence and instillation technique on IOP control. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 359 glaucoma patients in Menelik II Hospital from June 1 to July 31, 2015. After conducting a Q-Q analysis, multiple binary logistic analyses, linear regression analyses, and two-tailed paired t-test were conducted to compare IOP in the baseline versus current measurements. Resu

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Zhou, Weijian, Jianping Liu, Dongdong Mao, Changying Hu, and Dianjun Gao. "The clinical efficacy and safety of equipment-assisted intravesical instillation of mitomycin C after transurethral resection of bladder tumour in patients with nonmuscular invasive bladder cancer: A meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0276453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276453.

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Background This review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of equipment-assisted intravesical instillation of mitomycin C (MMC) in patients with nonmuscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). Methods The Embase, PubMed, CNKI, CBM, WANGFANG, VIP, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrial.com databases were searched for articles published before April 2022. The experimental group was treated with intravesical instillation of MMC assisted by equipment, including radiofrequency-induced thermochemotherap

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Kuleshova, N. A., O. V. Kolenko, and E. L. Sorokin. "Technical difficulties of adequate assessment of intraocular pressure in a patient with glaucoma in the long term after corneal refractive surgery (clinical case)." National Journal glaucoma 22, no. 1 (2023): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53432/2078-4104-2023-22-1-76-84.

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PURPOSE. To demonstrate a clinical case involving difficulties in adequate assessment of intraocular pressure (IOP) in a patient with glaucoma in the long term after LASIK.METHODS. The study describes the case of patient M. of 58 years old with complaints about decreased distance vision in the right eye during the last year. In 2004 the patient underwent LASIK for moderate myopia. In 2018, asymmetry in the parameters of optic nerve head (size of the optic cup to the optic disc ratio (C/D ratio) was revealed: in the right eye — up to 0.7, narrowing of the visual field from nasal to fixation poi

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Sapijaszko, M., J. Mackenzie, M. P. Walsh, and Y. Berthiaume. "Protein kinase C activity during the process of lung liquid clearance." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 265, no. 1 (1993): L57—L66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1993.265.1.l57.

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Although active transport of sodium plays an important role in the resolution of pulmonary edema, the biochemical regulation of this process is still under investigation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of protein kinase C during the process of lung liquid clearance. Alveolar flooding was induced by instilling 5% bovine serum albumin solution, saline, or heterologous serum in the air spaces of rats. The activity of protein kinase C was measured in both the instilled and control lungs at 10 min and 1 and 4 h after fluid instillation. Four hours after instillation of 5% bo

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Sazal, Hafizur Rashid, Nazmul Haque, Nashid Rahman, ASM Rezwan, and Chamina Afroz. "Outcome of Aspiration Alone and Aspiration with Instillation of Steroid in Ganglion Cyst of Wrist- A Comparative Study." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 41, no. 2 (2023): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v41i2.64499.

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Background: Ganglion cysts are common soft tissue swellings of hand and wrist. Main concerns patients have are the cosmetic appearance and the fear of future malignancy. Various modalities of treatment are available but known to have high rate of recurrence. Here we study mainly the recurrence rate after aspiration alone and aspiration with instillation of steroid, to compare these minimally invasive procedures that can help to treat and give symptomatic relief from this commonly occurring problem. Methodology: A Prospective, Comparative study was carried out with purposive sampling to include

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Pitt, B. R., J. S. Cole, P. Davies, and C. N. Gillis. "Rapid increases in respiratory epithelial permeability occur after intratracheal instillation of PMA." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 1 (1987): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.292.

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We measured pulmonary epithelial permeability by quantifying the disappearance of two water-soluble compounds, [14C]mannitol and [3H]inulin, after their instillation, with and without phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), into gas-filled perfused (50 ml/min) rabbit lungs in situ. Both tracers disappeared in a monoexponential fashion over 30 min with calculated first-order rate constants (control; n = 11) of 0.0008 +/- 0.0002 and 0.0027 +/- 0.0008 min-1 for inulin and mannitol, respectively. The ratio of the rate constants (3.1 +/- 0.5) was not significantly different from the ratio of diffusivities

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Matsumoto, Kazuhiro, Tatsuo Gondo, Nozomi Hayakawa, Takahiro Maeda, Akiharu Ninomiya, and So Nakamura. "The role of single instillation chemotherapy in patients who receive subsequent bacillus Calmette-Guérin: A retrospective single centre study, and systematic review of the literature." Canadian Urological Association Journal 9, no. 7-8 (2015): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2818.

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Introduction: This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the combined effect of immediate intravesical chemotherapy and subsequent bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy.Methods: The study population consisted of 207 intermediate- or high-risk patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent an induction course of BCG between 1993 and 2007. We introduced single immediate instillation of 50 mg epirubicin for all cases in 2004, and thus earlier cases could be considered as historical controls. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS). For cumulative analysis

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Qiu, Yuandong, and Zhiwei Tang. "Dexmedetomidine Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats by Activating the Nrf2/ARE Pathway." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4185195.

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Background. To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats and its mechanism. Methods. Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 rats in each group): control group (intratracheal instillation of saline), ALI group (intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg LPS), and ALI-Dex group (tail vein injection of 50 μg/kg/h Dex + intratracheal instillation of LPS). Subsequently, the water content of lung tissues was assessed using the wet-dry (W/D) ratio and the histopathological changes of lung tissues using H&E stain

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An, Min Ho, Min Seo Kim, Chungsoo Kim та ін. "Association of 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Prescription With Bladder Cancer Progression in Males in South Korea". JAMA Network Open 6, № 5 (2023): e2313667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13667.

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ImportanceThe antiandrogenic effect of the 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) has been investigated for its role in preventing male-predominant cancers. Although 5-ARI has been widely associated with prostate cancer, its association with urothelial bladder cancer (BC), another cancer experienced predominantly by males, has been less explored.ObjectiveTo assess the association between 5-ARI prescription prior to BC diagnosis and reduced risk of BC progression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed patient claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. T

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Máté, Zsuzsanna, Andrea Szabó, Edit Paulik, Zsanett Jancsó, Edit Hermesz, and András Papp. "Electrophysiological and biochemical response in rats on intratracheal instillation of manganese." Open Life Sciences 6, no. 6 (2011): 925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0080-2.

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AbstractChronic exposure to excess manganese via inhalation of metal fumes causes central nervous system damage. For modelling Mn aerosol inhalation, male Wistar rats were intratracheally instilled with MnCl2 solution (0.5 mg/kg b.w. MnCl2; n=12) 5 days a week for 5 weeks. At the end of the treatment, somatosensory cortical evoked potentials, elicited by double-pulse stimulation, were recorded from the animals in urethane anaesthesia. Body weight gain, organ weights, and Mn level in brain, lung and blood samples were also measured. In brain samples, gene expression level of MnSOD (Mn superoxid

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Dwi Fransiska, Ria, and Tarmizi. "PENGARUH RASIO PREKURSOR : AKTIVATOR TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN MORTAR GEOPOLIMER ABU SEKAM PADI." JURNAL ILMIAH BERING'S 6, no. 01 (2019): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36050/berings.v6i01.252.

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Production cements portland resulting CO 2 that cause global instillation and a lot of chaff ash waste paddy causes environment sacrilege at territorial kibbling. Therefore developed significant alternative supplementary cement as geopolimer's mortar rice husk ash. This research did by eksprimen's method test-driving at Civil Tech laboratory STT Pagar Alam. Research is with intent to know prekursor's compare influence activator to heavy duty press, firmly presses maximum that at takings while old 28 days. Ratio that utilized by TR 1 1:1 firmly presses as big as 11,33 mpa, TR 2 1:0,85 strength

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Itoh, Takefumi, Hiroaki Obata, Shinsuke Murakami, et al. "Adrenomedullin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 293, no. 2 (2007): L446—L452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00412.2005.

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Adrenomedullin (AM), an endogenous peptide, has been shown to have a variety of protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the effect of AM on acute lung injury remains unknown. Accordingly, we investigated whether AM infusion ameliorates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats. Rats were randomized to receive continuous intravenous infusion of AM (0.1 μg·kg−1·min−1) or vehicle through a microosmotic pump. The animals were intratracheally injected with either LPS (1 mg/kg) or saline. At 6 and 18 h after intratracheal instillation, we performed histological exa

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Daryanto, Besut, Athaya Purnomo, Kurnia Seputra, and Taufiq Budaya. "Comparison Between Intravesical Chemotherapy Epirubicin and Mitomycin-C after TURB vs TURB Alone With Recurrence Rate of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Meta-Analysis." Medical Archives 76, no. 3 (2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2022.76.198-201.

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Background: Bladder cancer is still a burden on the world of oncology medicine, which every year affects about 3.4 million people globally with 430,000 new cases per year. It is the fourth most common cancer in men and eighth most common women malignancy in the world. This makes bladder cancer a “silent killer” and it needs appropriate treatment planning. Single immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) is recommended by EAU guideline, but its use remains a controversy. Objective: Study aimed to analyze benefit of intravesical chemotherapy follo

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Enkhbaatar, Perenlei, Kazunori Murakami, Katsumi Shimoda, et al. "Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitroindazole attenuates acute lung injury in an ovine model." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 285, no. 2 (2003): R366—R372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2003.

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Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play a major role in acute lung injury (ALI) after smoke inhalation. In the present study, we developed an ovine sepsis model, created by exposing sheep to smoke inhalation followed by instillation of bacteria into the airway, that mimics human sepsis and pneumonia. We hypothesized that the inhibition of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) might be beneficial in treating ALI associated with this model. Female sheep ( n = 26) were surgically prepared for the study and given a tracheostomy. This was followed by insufflation of 48 breaths of cotton smoke (40°C) into th

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Kobzik, L., S. Huang, J. D. Paulauskis, and J. J. Godleski. "Particle opsonization and lung macrophage cytokine response. In vitro and in vivo analysis." Journal of Immunology 151, no. 5 (1993): 2753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.5.2753.

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Abstract Inhaled inert particles and organisms cause a spectrum of pulmonary responses, ranging from minimal changes to marked acute inflammation. During ingestion and clearance of such particles, alveolar macrophages (AM) can initiate pulmonary inflammation by production of TNF and neutrophil chemoattractant cytokines. We tested the role of opsonization in determining the AM response to ingestion of inert particles in vitro and in vivo. As measures of AM activation after phagocytosis in vitro, we measured release of TNF and mRNA expression for the platelet-factor 4 family neutrophil chemoattr

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Yoo, Sang Hyun, Chang Wook Jeong, Cheol Kwak, Hyeon Hoe Kim, Min Soo Choo, and Ja Hyeon Ku. "Intravesical Chemotherapy after Radical Nephroureterectomy for Primary Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 7 (2019): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8071059.

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The aim of this study was to determine the prophylactic effect of intravesical chemotherapy. Furthermore, it aimed to compare the efficacy of regimens on the prevention of bladder recurrence, after nephroureterectomy, for upper tract urothelial carcinoma by systematic review and network meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to search for studies published before 22 December 2016 using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. All studies comparing nephroureterectomy alone with prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy were included. The primary outcome was intr

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Mikawa, K., N. Maekawa, K. Nishina, Y. Takao, H. Yaku, and H. Obara. "Selective intrabronchial instillation of surfactant in a patient with pneumonia: a preliminary report." European Respiratory Journal 6, no. 10 (1993): 1563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06101563.

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The efficacy of treatment with exogenous surfactant has been reported in children with respiratory failure due to severe pneumonia. Its effect in adults with similar features has not been established. We therefore administered 240 mg of surfactant to a 71 year old man, who had developed right lower lobe pneumonia and hypoxaemia following abdominal aortic surgery. After this treatment, the patient's oxygenation, evaluated by arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FIO2) ratio during artificial ventilation, gradually improved, and ventilator settings could be reduced whilst mai

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Kambara, K., E. H. Jerome, V. B. Serikov, M. Arakawa, and N. C. Staub. "Reliability of extravascular lung thermal volume measurements by thermal conductivity technique in sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 4 (1992): 1449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1449.

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We tested the accuracy, sensitivity, and reproducibility of a new lung water computer, based on the thermal conductivity technique, in 22 anesthetized closed-chest ventilated sheep with different treatments: 1) controls (n = 8), 2) 0.05 ml/kg of oleic acid + 100 ml/kg of lactated Ringer solution (n = 6), and 3) airway instillation of saline [3.1 +/- 1.3 (SD) g/kg, n = 8]. After 4 h, we determined the extravascular lung water gravimetrically. We found a significant overall correlation between the final extravascular lung thermal volume and the gravimetric extravascular lung mass (P < 0.001).

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S., Sandeepa H., Narendra U., Gajanan S. Gaude, and Supriya Sandeepa. "Efficacy of intrapleural instillation of streptokinase with pigtail catheter drainage in the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 6 (2019): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20194579.

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Background: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion in India. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of intrapleural instillation of streptokinase with pigtail catheter drainage in the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion.Methods: Clinical profile, hospital course and outcome of tuberculous pleural effusion patients at the end of six months of anti-tubercular treatment of 50 patients from January 2009 to June 2010 were analyzed. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group (n=25) received intrapleural streptokin

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Nishina, Kahoru, Katsuya Mikawa, Yumiko Takao, Nobuhiro Maekawa, and Hidefumi Obara. "Effects of Exogenous Surfactant on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Intratracheal Instillation of Infant Formula or Human Breast Milk in Rabbits." Anesthesiology 91, no. 1 (1999): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199907000-00033.

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Background An animal experimental model of acute lung injury after intratracheal instillation of acidified milk products has been recently demonstrated. Exogenous administration of surfactant has proved to be successful treatment for acute lung injury induced by many causes including acid aspiration. The authors conducted this study to investigate whether exogenous surfactant can reduce the magnitude of lung damage induced in rabbits by acidified milk products. Methods The lung injury was induced by intratracheal instillation of acidified human breast milk or acidified infant formula (0.8 ml/k

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Alam, Imran, Rajeev Krishna Gupta, Anuja Bhargava, et al. "A study of clinico-mycological profile and treatment of primary otomycosis." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 8 (2023): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i8.54270.

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Background: Otomycosis is a superficial mycotic infection of the external auditory canal. Clinical presentation, along with otoscopic findings, is sufficient to make the diagnosis in most of the cases. Treatment includes aural cleaning followed by the instillation of anti-fungal ear drops. In the recent years, there has been an increasing trend of antifungal resistance for the commonly used antifungals such as fluconazole and clotrimazole. Drug sensitivity patterns have also shown variability from one region to another. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the clinico-mycological profile along wit

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Miyazaki, Jun, Naoki Ishizuka, Shiro Hinotsu, Hideyuki Akaza, and Hiroyuki Nishiyama. "Analysis of tolerability of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): e15004-e15004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e15004.

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e15004 Background: Although the effectiveness of BCG intravesical instillation with maintenance therapy (MT) has been shown (Hinotsu S. BJUI 2010), the treatment was not well tolerated. We aimed to characterize adverse events (AEs) affecting tolerability and to study the possible prediction of MT tolerability during the induction therapy (IT) by using data from the previous phase III trial. Methods: Forty-two patients received 81 mg intravesical BCG once weekly for 6 weeks as IT followed by thrice weekly instillations at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months as MT. AEs after each instillation were analyzed.

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Gao, M., L. S. Levy, R. A. Braithwaite, and S. S. Brown. "Monitoring of Total Chromium in Rat Fluids and Lymphocytes Following Intratracheal Administration of Soluble Trivalent or Hexavalent Chromium Compounds." Human & Experimental Toxicology 12, no. 5 (1993): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719301200506.

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1 Intratracheal instillation of sodium dichromate (CrVI) and chromium acetate hydroxide (CrIII) to male Wistar rats gave rise to increased chromium concentrations in whole blood, plasma and urine up to 72 h post exposure; peak concentrations were reached at 6 h after exposure. 2 The ratio of whole blood chromium to plasma chromium concentrations was significantly different for Cr(VI) and CR(III) treatments. Both blood chromium and plasma chromium assays should therefore be used for the assessment of chromium exposure. 3 Chromium was also detected in peripheral lymphocytes. Cr(VI), but not Cr(l

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Folkesson, HG, P. Leanderson, BR Westrom, and C. Tagesson. "Increased lung to blood passage of polyethylene glycols after intratracheal instillation of ferritin and asbestos fibres in the rat." European Respiratory Journal 6, no. 1 (1993): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06010096.

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Urinary recovery of intratracheally instilled polyethylene glycol polymers (PEG:s) in the molecular weight range 722-1294 Da (PEG 1000) was studied under normal conditions and during experimentally induced lung damage in rats. The urinary PEG recoveries were between 30-60% under normal conditions, with a selectivity for smaller PEG:s. No significant differences in the urinary PEG molecular weight profiles were found between 30 days old and adult rats; i.e. they had similar PEG 1162/810 (molecular weights) urinary recovery ratios (0.78 +/- 0.25 and 0.69 +/- 0.27, respectively, p > 0.05). In

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Vidyasagar, D., H. Maeta, T. N. K. Raju, et al. "Bovine Surfactant (Surfactant TA) Therapy in Immature Baboons with Hyaline Membrane Disease." Pediatrics 75, no. 6 (1985): 1132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.6.1132.

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As a prelude to clinical trials with a bovine surfactant (surfactant TA), in human infants with hyaline membrane disease, pulmonary and hemodynamic changes following its instillation in premature baboons were investigated. Baboons, delivered by cesarean section at 141 ± 3.5 days (mean ± SD, 77% gestation), were provided with intensive care. At 2 hours of age in one group (n = 10), 100 mg/kg of surfactant TA (reconstituted bovine surfactant, Tokyo Tanabe Co., Tokyo) was instilled into the lungs. Sequential measurements and monitoring of pulmonary and hemodynamic variables were carried out in th

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Min, Rui, Ting Li, Ju Du, Yan Zhang, Jia Guo, and Wan-Liang Lu. "Pulmonary gemcitabine delivery for treating lung cancer: pharmacokinetics and acute lung injury aspects in animals." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 86, no. 5 (2008): 288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y08-039.

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Gemcitabine, a nucleoside analogue for treating lung cancer, is clinically administered as an intravenous infusion. To achieve better patient compliance and more direct effect on the lung, we explored a new gemcitabine pulmonary delivery route and evaluated the pharmacokinetics and acute lung injury aspects in animals. Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine were measured in Sprague–Dawley rats after intravenous (i.v.), intratracheal instillation by tracheotomy (i.t.t.), intratracheal instillation via orotrachea (i.t.o.), and intragastric (i.g.) administration of gemcitabine. Acute lung injury effects

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Adamcakova, Jana, Sona Balentova, Romana Barosova, et al. "Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Markers of Inflammation and Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Silicosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (2023): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031857.

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Inhalation of silica particles causes inflammatory changes leading to fibrotizing silicosis. Considering a lack of effective therapy, and a growing information on the wide actions of green tea polyphenols, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the aim of this study was to evaluate the early effects of EGCG on markers of inflammation and lung fibrosis in silicotic rats. The silicosis model was induced by a single transoral intratracheal instillation of silica (50 mg/mL/animal), while controls received an equivalent volume of saline. The treatment with intraperitoneal EGCG (20 mg/kg, o

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Enhorning, Goran, Andrew Shennan, Fred Possmayer, Michael Dunn, Chee P. Chen, and John Milligan. "Prevention of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Tracheal Instillation of Surfactant: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Pediatrics 76, no. 2 (1985): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.2.145.

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With a randomized clinical trial, the possibility was assessed that a tracheal instillation of pulmonary surfactant prior to the first breath might prevent the development of some of the signs of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Of the 72 infants in the trial, all born at a gestational age of less than 30 weeks, 39 received 3 or 4 mL of surfactant, prepared from the lipids extracted from calf lung lavage. The treatment resulted in a significantly improved gas exchange during the first 72 hours of life. On the average, the arterial/alveolar Po2 ratio was 0.15 higher for the treated infan

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Garcia, Bruno, Benoit Ter Schiphorst, Fuhong Su, et al. "Alterations in the Renin-Angiotensin System in Experimental Septic Shock." Critical Care Explorations 6, no. 10 (2024): e1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000001163.

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OBJECTIVES: To analyze dynamic changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during septic shock, focusing on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and the balance between angiotensin peptides, using a mass spectrometry method. DESIGN: Experimental septic shock model induced by peritonitis in swine. SETTING: Experimental Laboratory, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles. SUBJECTS: Forty time points from eight mechanically ventilated pigs. INTERVENTIONS: Septic shock was induced using intraperitoneal instillation of autologous feces, followed by sta

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Kostrycki, Iberê Machado, Guilherme Wildner, Yohanna Hannah Donato, et al. "Effects of High-Fat Diet on eHSP72 and Extra-to-Intracellular HSP70 Levels in Mice Submitted to Exercise under Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter." Journal of Diabetes Research 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4858740.

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Obesity, air pollution, and exercise induce alterations in the heat shock response (HSR), in both intracellular 70 kDa heat shock proteins (iHSP70) and the plasmatic extracellular form (eHSP72). Extra-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio (H-index = eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio) represents a candidate biomarker of subclinical health status. This study investigated the effects of moderate- and high-intensity exercise in the HSR and oxidative stress parameters, in obese mice exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Thirty-day-old male isogenic B6129F2/J mice were maintained for 16 weeks on standard chow or hig

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Abdullah, Syahril, Wai Yeng Wendy-Yeo, Hossein Hosseinkhani, et al. "Gene Transfer into the Lung by Nanoparticle Dextran-Spermine/Plasmid DNA Complexes." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/284840.

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A novel cationic polymer, dextran-spermine (D-SPM), has been found to mediate gene expression in a wide variety of cell lines andin vivothrough systemic delivery. Here, we extended the observations by determining the optimal conditions for gene expression of D-SPM/plasmid DNA (D-SPM/pDNA) in cell lines and in the lungs of BALB/c mice via instillation delivery.In vitrostudies showed that D-SPM could partially protect pDNA from degradation by nuclease and exhibited optimal gene transfer efficiency at D-SPM to pDNA weight-mixing ratio of 12. In the lungs of mice, the levels of gene expression gen

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Ashutosh, Kumar, Gunjan, and Kumar Anand Vinit. "Otomycosis in Patients Attending to a Tertiary Care Centre: A Clinical and Microbiological Profile." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 10 (2023): 1092–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11284747.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Otomycosis, or fungal otitis externa, is a superficial, subacute, or chronic infection of the External Auditory Canal (EAC). It is characterized by tympanic membrane perforation, otalgia, edema, pruritus, scaling, hearing loss, and ear discharge. Fungus-based infections can coexist with bacterial infections as the primary pathogen. <strong>Aim of the study:</strong> To find the signs and symptoms of otomycosis and the agents responsible for it. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A tertiary hospital’s Microbiology department and

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Luo, Dan, Li Liu, Hai-ming Zhang, et al. "Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Exhibits Lung Protective and Anti-Inflammation Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via SIRT1-Dependent Pathways." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (March 15, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2252218.

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To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on acute lung injury (ALI), a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI mouse model was used in this study. Before receiving intratracheal LPS instillation, mice were given EA at ST36 for 7 days as a long-term treatment or one time as a short-term treatment. Lung histopathological examination, lung injury scores, lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, and inflammatory cytokines included proinflammation factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and anti-inflammation factors such as IL-4 and IL-10 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected at t

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