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Kamal, Omar M. "International Conference on Islamic Economics in the 21st Century." American Journal of Islam and Society 16, no. 4 (January 1, 1999): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v16i4.2093.
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The International Conference on Islamic Economics in the 21st Century was the second international conference organized by the International Islamic University Malaysia {IIUM), in cooperation with the Islamic Research and Training Institute {IRTI) of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). The conference was held 9- 12 August 1999 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Malaysian Minister of Education Dato' Sri Mohd and the president of the IIUM, Najib Tun Abdul Razak, officially opened the conference. Several ambassadors to Malaysia from Islamic countries, academicians, and prominent Islamic bankers attended the opening session. Over 200 delegates from more than 15 Muslim and non-Muslim countries attended the conference. Delegates represented academicians from private and public institutions of higher learning and officials from central banks and monetary authorities. The delegates included economists, corporate executives, government officials, officers involved in Islamic banking, investment bankers, fund managers, officials from zakat and waqf institutions, researchers in Islamic economics and related areas, and students of economics. Approximately 25 to 30 percent of the attendants were delegates representing countries other than Malaysia. Speakers and discussants included members of various universities and institutions such as the International Institute of Islamic Economics (Pakistan), the Islamic University of Palestine, Kausar University of Sciences (Pakistan), Rajshashi University (Bangladesh), King Abdel Aziz ...
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Reinstein, Alan, Brian Patrick Green, and Cathleen L. Miller. "Evidence of Perceived Quality of “Plain-Paper Statements”." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 25, no. 2 (November 1, 2006): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2006.25.2.85.
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CPAs have struggled with financial statement users placing too much confidence in nonpublic entities' limited-assurance documents. Despite Statement on Standards for Accounting and Review Services Number 1 (SSARS No. 1) issued in 1979, research shows that CPAs and statement users place confidence in and reliance on CPA compiled and reviewed statements. In 2000, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) issued SSARS No. 8, Amendment to SSARS No. 1, Compilation and Review of Financial Statements, relating to plain-paper statements. We surveyed practicing CPAs and bankers to measure their confidence in and reliance on no-assurance engagements: compilations, plain-paper statements, and statements with accountants' reports/letters. We find that both CPAs and bankers report some level of confidence in and reliance on plain-paper statements. Both parties perceive greater confidence in and reliance on financial statements where a CPA is known to be minimally associated with the statements.
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Siddique, Muhammad, Owais Mufti, and Shah Wali Khan. "Internally Oriented High-performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Banking Sector in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).12.
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This study analyses the influence of high-performance work systems on organizational performance. As, previous studies have mostly focused on individual HR practices in determining the influence of HR practices on performance so research is needed to analyze the combined effect of HRM practices as system to understand the importance of HR on performance. Based on AMO framework, this study investigated the effect of HR system on organizational performance using employees’ perspectives in highly interdependent work settings. In this study, primary data was obtained from 218 bank branches in collaboration with Institute of bankers Pakistan and bank management in the form of managers’ and employees’ perceptions about HPWS and its effect on performance. Results suggest that HPWS was significantly linked to deposits, advances and unit level profitability. Results pointed out new insights to HPWSperformance literature from employees perspectives.
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Kithinji, Angela Mucece, Mirie Mwangi, Kate Litondo, and Martin Ogutu. "Intervening Effect of Financial Services on the Relationship Between Bank Restructuring and Financial Performance." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 28 (October 31, 2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n28p121.
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Previous studies on the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance reveal conflicting results with few studies establishing the effect of financial services. Few studies have investigated the causality between bank restructuring and financial performance as intervened by deposits and customer loans. The positivism research philosophy and descriptive and inferential causal research design were used in this study. The hypothetical view of the study was that the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya is not intervened by deposits and customer loans. The 39 commercial banks that were consistently in business for the period 2002 to 2014 were included in the study. Bank restructuring was disaggregated into financial restructuring, capital restructuring, operational restructuring and asset restructuring. The empirical findings were as follows: There was a significant direct association between bank restructuring and financial performance which was intervened by deposits and customer loans as proxies for financial services. Deposits were found to be significant in intervening the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance. Customer loans on the other had was not found to significantly intervene the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance. A composite variable of financial services denoting the aggregate of the intervention of deposits and customer loans showed a significant intervening effect on the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance. The study outcome therefore reveals that the hypothesis that the relationship between bank restructuring and financial performance is not intervened by financial services is rejected. The conclusion is that banks should focus more on deposits to caution against a decrease in financial performance. Additionally customer loans should not be ignored since the intervention though insignificant tends to negatively influence financial performance. The implication is that when banks focus more on the provision of financial services they are likely to compromise financial finance possibly because of the increased costs associated with providing financial services. Regulatory institutions such as the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) and the Kenya Institute of Bankers can use the study results to enhance policy and prudential guidelines to increase profitability of the banks. The study recommends that there is need to increase financial services offered by banks to increase outreach other than improving profitability of banks.
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Chukwujioke Agbim, Kenneth. "Effect of Ethical Leadership on Corporate Governance, Performance and Social Responsibility: A Study of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Benue State, Nigeria." International Journal of Community Development and Management Studies 2 (2018): 019–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31355/20.
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NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose............................................................................................................................................................................. This study seeks to examine the effect of ethical leadership on corporate governance, corporate performance and corporate social responsibility in selected Nigerian deposit money banks. Background............................................................................................................................................................................. Business ethics, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility developed as movements to check unethical and corrupt practices in organizations and by extension improve the performance of the organizations. However, the application of these measures has not yielded the desired results. This is evident in the number of top executives of corporate giants like Enron of the United States of America and Satyam of India that have been embroiled in unethical practices. In Nigeria, the corporate corruption and scandal involving top management of deposit money banks has given rise to mergers, acquisition and failure of some of the banks. Thus, this study argues that there is a missing link in the application of these measures. That missing link is ethical leadership. Methodology............................................................................................................................................................................. The study employed survey research design. Stratified sampling technique was employed to select the respondents that completed the questionnaire. The generated data were analyzed using linear regression. Contribution............................................................................................................................................................................... The study established that a robust organization can be developed by main-streaming corporate governance, corporate performance and corporate social responsibility using a nurtured ethical leader. Findings..................................................................................................................................................................................... The results reveal that ethical leadership has significant positive effects on corporate governance, corporate performance and corporate social responsibility. Recommendations for Practitioners......................................................................................................................................... Management should show more commitment in the selection and development of leaders and followers. All the stakeholders should be equally involved in the formulation of corporate governance principles. A nurtured ethical leader should be employed to mainstream corporate governance, corporate performance and corporate social responsibility through the organizational culture. Recommendation for Researchers............................................................................................................................................ The use of objective measures or better still subjective measures is suggested as a way of generalizing the present findings. Impact on Society...................................................................................................................................................................... The findings of this study will expose deposit money bank stakeholders to the consequences of ethical and unethical practices. It will create in bankers the need to abide by ethical leadership and to be whistle-blowers. The findings are expected to engender more stern monitoring measures by the banks’ regulatory agency. These measures are further expected to ensure the reinvention of the banks’ organizational culture so much so that they will contain the core values of code of ethics, corporate governance, performance and social responsibility. The outcome of the study is expected to make the regulatory agency more proactive rather than being reactive to deposit money bank matters. This will consequently put a stop to the fall in the taxes accruable to government in the event of bank failure. Future Research......................................................................................................................................................................... To generalize the findings for the whole of Nigeria, similar study should be conducted in other geopolitical zones of the country.
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Mondal, Rajendra Prasad, and Tapas Kumar Dutta. "Anthropogenic Impact on Habitat of Lesser Whistling Duck in Bankura Unnayani Institute of Engineering College, Bankura, W.B." Indian Science Cruiser 33, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24906/isc/2019/v33/i4/186695.
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Werlin, Herbert. "Bottlenecks to developments: Studies from the world bank's economic development institute." Public Administration and Development 11, no. 3 (May 1991): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230110302.
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Horsch, Andreas, Jacob Kleinow, and Christian Schiele. "Proportionale Bankenregulierung." Zeitschrift für das gesamte Genossenschaftswesen 68, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfgg-2018-0005.
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ZusammenfassungDie krisengetriebene Re-Regulierung verursacht Transaktionskosten, die besonders für kleine und mittelgroße Kreditinstitute (KMU-Banken) erhebliche Belastungen darstellen. Vertreter der betroffenen Kreditinstitute, aber auch von Regulierungsinstitutionen, haben hierauf mit Vorschlägen für eine abgestufte, proportionale Bankenregulierung reagiert. Aufgrund des hohen Anteils kleiner Institute dürfte gerade der genossenschaftliche Bankensektor davon profitieren. Der nachfolgende Kurzbeitrag würdigt dahingehende Vorschläge.
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Pantring, Gabriela, Sebastian Bußmann, and Hendrick Stoeckert. "Konstanz und Wandel in der Wirtschaftsförderung – Historie, aktuelle Rahmenbedingungen und notwendige Anpassungen für ein zukunftsfähiges Förderinstrumentarium am Beispiel der NRW.BANK." Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 89, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.89.2.9.
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Zusammenfassung: In Nordrhein-Westfalen reicht die Wirtschaftsförderung durch staatliche Banken bis in das frühe 19. Jahrhundert zurück. Mehrere der Ziele und Instrumente der damals agierenden Institute leben in der NRW.BANK fort. Im Zeitverlauf haben geänderte wirtschaftliche und politische Rahmenbedingungen jedoch auch zu neuen Geschäftsfeldern und Förderinstrumenten geführt. Heute sind es insbesondere das Niedrigzinsumfeld, die Digitalisierung sowie sich ändernde Vertriebsstrukturen in der Kreditwirtschaft und ganz aktuell die Corona-Pandemie, die bei der NRW.BANK – wie auch bei anderen Instituten – Modernisierungsmaßnahmen für ein zukunftsfähiges Förderinstrumentarium erforderlich machen. Summary: In North Rhine-Westphalia, economic development by state banks dates back to the early 19th century. Several of the objectives and instruments of the institutions operating at the time continue to be pursued and used by NRW.BANK to this very day. Over time, however, changes in the economic and political environment have also led to new business areas and promotional instruments. Today, it is above all the low-interest rate environment, digitalisation, changing distribution structures in the banking industry and, most recently, the coronavirus pandemic which make it necessary for NRW.BANK – and other institutions as well – to modernise its range of sustainable promotional instruments.
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Horsch, Andreas, and Jacob Kleinow. "Der Bankenstresstest 2014 im Vorfeld des Single Supervisory Mechanism: Theorie und Empirie zu einem Lackmustest der neuen europäischen Bankenregulierung." Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 27, no. 1 (January 15, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-2015-0101.
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ZusammenfassungZu den Konsequenzen der Krisenprozesse auf den Finanzmärkten zählt unter anderem eine massive Regulierung bestimmter Finanzintermediäre. Insbesondere sind Anzahl und Befugnisse bankaufsichtlicher Organisationen seit 2007 ausgebaut worden. Im Zuge dessen wird zu selten aus ökonomischer Sicht analysiert, inwieweit die einzelnen Regulierungen zu rechtfertigen sind. Der Beitrag fokussiert eines der neuen Regulierungsinstrumente und prüft, inwieweit es im Sinne einer Marktdisziplinierung tatsächlich wirksam wird: Hierzu wird erstmals der jüngste Stresstest der europäischen Bankenregulierer per Ende 2014 analysiert. Dabei geht der Beitrag mit Hilfe der Ereignisstudienmethodik der Forschungsfrage nach, ob und inwieweit dieser reformierte Stresstest einen Informationsgehalt für diejenigen Kapitalmarktteilnehmer besessen hat, die (potenzielle) Aktionäre der bewerteten Banken waren. Aus der Event Study resultieren abnormale Renditen von hoher Signifikanz, die klare Aussagen hinsichtlich der Hypothesen über einen Zusammenhang von Testergebnis und Kursentwicklung und damit letztlich über den Informationsgehalt des Stresstests zulassen. Die Veröffentlichung der Stresstest-Resultate hat demnach grundsätzlich Einfluss auf den Wert der getesteten Banken. Zudem unterscheiden sich die Resultate für durchgefallene Banken von denen der anderen Institute.
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Cao, Cong. "China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century. By Carl J. Dahlman and Jean-Eric Aubert. [Washington, DC: The World Bank. xxvi+170pp. $25.00. ISBN 0-8213-5005-6.]." China Quarterly 173 (March 2003): 214–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443903320121.
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Written at the request of the Chinese government, China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century is a publication of the World Bank Institute in collaboration with the World Bank's East Asia and Pacific Region. It has an executive summary, an introductory chapter, and three parts. The introductory chapter puts China's development in historical and comparative perspectives, discussing reasons for China's stagnation and economic decline in comparison with Western countries over the past two thousand years.
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Kutchins, Kay. "DEVELOPING UTILITY LEADERSHIP: A BI-NATIONAL PARTNERSHIP: The North American Development Bank's Utility Management Institutes." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2003, no. 8 (January 1, 2003): 928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864703784640622.
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Adolff, Johannes, and Jan Häller. "Bail-in im Lichte des EU-Bankenpakets: Das Zusammenspiel von MREL, TLAC und TLOF." Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 31, no. 6 (December 11, 2019): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-2019-0604.
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Zusammenfassung Mit dem dieses Jahr in Kraft getretenen EU-Bankenpaket wird das 2014 eingeführte EU-Abwicklungsregime erneut reformiert. Gegenstand des Reformpakets sind diesmal unter anderem Neuerungen im Bereich der Mindestkapitalanforderungen für Banken zur Sicherstellung eines ausreichenden Haftkapitals für den Fall eines Bail-in. Die hierbei von den Instituten zu beachtenden Mindestkapitalanforderungen werden künftig durch drei Standards definiert: TLAC, MREL und TLOF. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Anwendungsbereich, inhaltliche Vorgaben sowie Durchsetzung der unterschiedlichen Standards systematisch dargestellt und mit Blick auf ihre Anwendung in der Praxis gewürdigt.
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Beh, Suet Theng, Carlye Frisch, David A. Brafman, Jared Churko, Jessica E. Walker, Geidy E. Serrano, Lucia I. Sue, Eric M. Reiman, Thomas G. Beach, and Lih-Fen Lue. "Human Autopsy-Derived Scalp Fibroblast Biobanking for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease Research." Cells 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9112383.
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The Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders/Brain and Body Donation Program at Banner Sun Health Research Institute (BSHRI) is a longitudinal clinicopathological study with a current enrollment of more than 900 living subjects for aging and neurodegenerative disease research. Annual clinical assessments are done by cognitive and movement neurologists and neuropsychologists. Brain and body tissues are collected at a median postmortem interval of 3.0 h for neuropathological diagnosis and banking. Since 2018, the program has undertaken banking of scalp fibroblasts derived from neuropathologically characterized donors with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we describe the procedure development and cell characteristics from 14 male and 15 female donors (mean ± SD of age: 83.6 ± 12.2). Fibroblasts from explant cultures were banked at passage 3. The results of mRNA analysis showed positive expression of fibroblast activation protein, vimentin, fibronectin, and THY1 cell surface antigen. We also demonstrated that the banked fibroblasts from a postmortem elderly donor were successfully reprogramed to human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Taken together, we have demonstrated the successful establishment of a human autopsy-derived fibroblast banking program. The cryogenically preserved cells are available for request at the program website of the BSHRI.
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Wallis, Kenneth F. "An Assessment of Bank of England and National Institute Inflation Forecast Uncertainties." National Institute Economic Review 189 (July 2004): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795010418900107.
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In February 1996 the Bank of England and the National Institute of Economic and Social Research significantly increased the amount of information they published about the uncertainty surrounding their central projections of inflation. In effect, and in different ways, they each began to publish a density forecast of inflation, that is, an estimate of the probability distribution of possible outcomes for future inflation. The Bank represented this graphically, as a set of forecast intervals covering 10, 20, 30, …, 90 per cent of the probability distribution, coloured red, of lighter shades for the outer bands. This was done for inflation forecasts up to eight quarters ahead, and since the distribution becomes increasingly dispersed and the intervals ‘fan out’ as the forecast horizon increases, the chart became known as the ‘fan chart’ (or, rather more informally, and noting its red colour, the ‘rivers of blood’). The National Institute represented the distribution as a histogram, in the form of a table reporting the probabilities of inflation falling in various ranges. These intervals, or ‘bins’ of the histogram, have changed from time to time; those used currently are: less than 1.5 per cent, 1.5 to 2.0 per cent, 2.0 to 2.5 per cent, and so on. The forecasts refer to the fourth quarters of the current and following years, and from the beginning have included not only inflation but also real GDP growth. Fan charts for real GDP growth first appeared in the Bank's Inflation Report in November 1997.
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McAdam, Peter, and Julian Morgan. "The Effects of Euro Area Interest Rate Changes: Evidence from Macroeconomic Models." National Institute Economic Review 187 (January 2004): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00279501041871008.
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This paper examines the effects of changes in Euro Area interest rates using macroeconomic models. It examines the results of a harmonised monetary policy simulation at the Euro Area level using the National Institute of Economic and Social Research's Global Economic Model (NiGEM) and the European Central Bank's Area Wide Model (AWM). Comparison is also drawn with the aggregate results from Euro Area National Central Bank models as reported in van Els et al. (2001). Overall, the results across the different models are broadly consistent with what might be regarded as the stylised facts of the monetary transmission mechanism. That is to say that, following a policy tightening, there is an initial fall in output consisting of a more pronounced investment response and a less pronounced consumption response. This output fall is accompanied by protracted price dynamics.
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Köbler, Gerhard. "Deutsche Bankiers des 20. Jahrhunderts, hg. im Auftrag des wissenschaftlichen Beirats des Instituts für bankhistorische Forschung e. V. v. Pohl, Hans, Schriftleitung Beckers, Thorsten." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 127, no. 1 (August 1, 2010): 907–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga.2010.127.1.907.
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Nilsen, Thomas S., Ingunn Brandt, Per Magnus, and Jennifer R. Harris. "The Norwegian Twin Registry." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 6 (September 5, 2012): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.57.
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Norway has a long-standing tradition in twin research, but the data collected in several population-based twin studies were not coordinated centrally or easily accessible to the scientific community. In 2009, the Norwegian Twin Registry was established at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) in Oslo with the purpose of creating a single research resource for Norwegian twin data. As of today, the Norwegian Twin Registry contains 47,989 twins covering birth years 1895–1960 and 1967–1979; 31,440 of these twins consented to participate in health-related research. In addition, DNA from approximately 4,800 of the twins is banked at the NIPH biobank and new studies are continually adding new data to the registry. The value of the Norwegian twin data is greatly enhanced by the linkage opportunities offered by Norway's many nationwide registries, spanning a broad array of medical, demographic, and socioeconomic information.
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Murphy, Peter J. "Crown Timber Rights in Alberta, Working Paper 10. By Nigel D. Bankes. Calgary, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Resources Law, 1986. iv + 128 pp. Footnotes. Paper $15.00 Canadian." Forest & Conservation History 32, no. 1 (January 1988): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4005028.
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Bisschoff, Christo. "Measuring and managing brand loyalty of banks` clients." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(3).2020.14.
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The purpose of the study is to measure behavioral, attitudinal and other brand loyalty antecedents, and to develop an operating model for measuring and managing brand loyalty of commercial banks clients. A random sample of 500 members of the South African Commercial Institute, who are also commercial banks’ clients, received a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to be completed online via Twitter and Facebook. About 196 people completed the questionnaire. The data possess construct validity and reliability (α ≥ 0.70). The results show that seven of the 12 original antecedents are banking related, namely five Attitudinal antecedents (r2 = 0.557) and two Other antecedents (r2 = 0.442). Behavioral antecedents were not important to bank clients. All the antecedents have factor loadings above 0.60, and there is a significant positive correlation between Attitude and the Other antecedents (r = 0.75; p ≤ 0.01). This means that the model is useful for managers in managing brand loyalty at their banks. It is also of value to researchers and academia looking to conduct further research on how to measure and manage brand loyalty. However, a caution is that the data originated from South African banks’ clients. Country-specific influences can cause different brand loyalty preferences among international banks’ clients. AcknowledgmentI wish to acknowledge Mr. Sarel Salim for his contribution to administering the data collection for the original research on brand loyalty in banking (see also Salim and Bisschoff, 2014 in the reference list).
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Auksoriūtė, Albina. "Current State of Terminology in Lithuania: Scientific Research, Management and Education." Acta Baltico-Slavica 40 (December 28, 2016): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2016.007.
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Current State of Terminology in Lithuania: Scientific Research, Management and Education The article discusses the current state of terminology in Lithuania, presents terminological research carried out in the last five years, analyses ways of Lithuanian terminology management, and briefly overviews terminological education and teaching in Lithuania.Lithuanian terminological research is mostly carried out at the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and at universities and other research institutes. The largest part of terminological research is carried out at the Centre of Terminology of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language, which researches Lithuanian terminology and terminography, analyses the use of Lithuanian terminology in different fields.Three ways of terminology management are discussed: terminography, creation of term banks and databases and standardisation of terms.The number of term dictionaries published in Lithuania is rather considerable – over 600. The most productive period for publishing term dictionaries is from 1990 up to date. Between 1990–2013 more than 420 term dictionaries and special encyclopaedias were published.The main and most important terminology database in Lithuania is the Term Bank of the Republic of Lithuania (lt Lietuvos Respublikos terminų bankas, further – LTB), initiated in 2004. This bank is created as a common information system of state institutions administered by the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language (further – Language Commission). There are more than 237,000 term entries in LTB. The article discusses two more terminology databases containing Lithuanian terminology sources – IATE and EUROTERMBANK. The Lithuanian Standards Board, in addition to other work, prepares Lithuanian standards of terms and offers these terms to the Language Commission for evaluation. Since 2000, the Lithuanian Standards Board has been creating a database of standardised terms which currently contains about 64,000 terms.In Lithuania, terminology also exists as an academic discipline; at many universities, philologists are offered a course in terminology. At many universities, students of other non-philological disciplines are taught a course in language for specific purposes, which covers matters of terminology and terms. Aktualny stan terminologii na Litwie: badania naukowe, zarządzanie informacją i edukacja Artykuł omawia aktualny stan terminologii na Litwie, przedstawia badania naukowe nad zasobami terminologicznymi prowadzone w okresie minionych pięciu lat, analizuje sposoby zarządzania terminami w języku litewskim, a także zawiera zwięzły przegląd tematyki dotyczącej kształcenia i nauczania w zakresie terminologii na Litwie.Główną placówką zajmującą się badaniami nad terminologią w języku litewskim jest Instytut Języka Litewskiego. Ponadto badania takie prowadzone są także na uniwersytetach i w innych ośrodkach badawczych. Największy udział w badaniach terminologicznych ma Zakład Terminologii w Instytucie Języka Litewskiego, który prowadzi prace nad terminologią litewską i terminografią, a także analizuje użycie litewskiego słownictwa specjalistycznego w poszczególnych dziedzinach.W artykule omówiono trzy metody zarządzania zasobami terminologicznymi: terminografia, powoływanie banków terminów i baz danych oraz standaryzacja terminów i pojęć.Liczba słowników terminologicznych opublikowanych na Litwie jest dość znaczna, jest ich obecnie ponad 600. Najwięcej publikacji pochodzi z okresu po roku 1990. Począwszy od 1990 do 2013 r. ukazało się drukiem ponad 420 słowników i specjalistycznych encyklopedii terminologicznych.Główną i najważniejszą bazą terminów na Litwie jest Terminologiczna Baza Republiki Litewskiej (lt Lietuvos Respublikos terminų bankas, dalej: LTB), powstała w 2004 r. Została ona utworzona jako wspólny informatyczny system instytucji państwowych pod patronatem Państwowej Komisji Języka Litewskiego (dalej: Komisja Języka). W LTB znajduje się ponad 237 000 haseł terminologicznych.Artykuł omawia dalej kolejne dwie bazy danych, które zawierają litewskie źródła terminologii, a mianowicie IATE i EUROTERMBANK. Litewska Rada Standaryzacji oprócz innych prac przygotowuje litewskie standardy terminów i przedstawia je Komisji Języka do oceny. Od roku 2000 Litewska Rada Standaryzacji tworzy bazę standaryzowanych terminów, która aktualnie obejmuje 64 000 haseł.Na Litwie terminologia istnieje także jako odrębna dyscyplina akademicka. Na wielu uniwersytetach w programie studiów prowadzone są przez filologów zajęcia z tego zakresu. Na licznych uczelniach studenci kierunków niefilologicznych mają wykłady w zakresie stosowania terminów specjalistycznych, obejmujące kwestie terminologiczne i dotyczące zasobu pojęć.
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Tanjung, Hendri. "Strategies for Providing Marketing Staff in Islamic Banks." Jurnal Manajemen 8, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/jm-uika.v8i1.746.
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<p>Purpose of this paper is to find strategies for providing marketing staff in Islamic Banks. This paper contributes strategies aiming at the fulfillment of human resource of Islamic Banks in Indonesia and at the same time building curriculum for studying Islamic banking at undergraduate level. By using descriptive analysis on yearly statistical data of Islamic banks from 2005 to 2010, three figures obtained as estimation of the need of personnel in Islamic Banks at 2015.<br />SWOT analysis is performed to identify strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of Islamic Banks. As a result, to recruit the estimated number of Islamic Banking staff, three ways could be employed, i.e. early recruitment program which requires improvement of curriculum at universities, recruiting from conventional banks with some training as addition, and building a new institution called “Institut Bankir Syariah Indonesia”.</p>
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Lee, Zon-Yau, Mei-Tai Chu, Yu-Ting Wang, and Kuan-Ju Chen. "Industry Performance Appraisal Using Improved MCDM for Next Generation of Taiwan." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 5290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135290.
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It is critical for manufacturing sectors to improve maximum performance to foster a competitive advantage. This article aims to analyze how the manufacturing industry can promote its performance to achieve sustainable development. We embark performance evaluation on Taiwanese manufacturing sectors which have profound implications in the global manufacturing supply chain. This study collected public information and reliable data from the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) covering 12 Taiwanese manufacturing industries. Performance evaluation indicators consist of four inputs chosen from a set of six items, whereas one output is from a set of three items. The analysis from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is conducted including CCR (Charnes, Cooper, & Rhodes) efficiency, BCC (Banker et al.) efficiency, A&P(Andersen and Petersen) efficiency, cross-efficiency and D&G(Doyle and Green) efficiency plus the VIKOR prioritization method to evaluate the 12 manufacturing industries in Taiwan. The comprehensive analysis and comparison results of this study show the sophisticated outcomes through the analysis of DEA and VIKOR. In another objective evaluation, the efficiency of DEA proves a certain correlation between the model and the measurement of the VIKOR method. The results indicate that Taiwan’s manufacturing industry is moving towards design innovation thinking towards the high value of its own brand, whereas the industries in China and South East Asia appear different. The results can provide the best practice to allow the international manufacturing industry to enjoy a resurgence after falling output and diminishing labor force.
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Kawasaki, Takayuki, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Takefumi Kaketa, Yuki Shiota, Yoshinori Gonda, Shogo Sobue, Hideo Kobayashi, Jun Yamakawa, Yoshiaki Itoigawa, and Kazuo Kaneko. "Midterm Clinical Results in Rugby Players Treated With the Bristow Procedure." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517740567.
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Background: Although surgical shoulder stabilization by coracoid transfer is effective for collision athletes and has a low reinjury rate, no reports have described the midterm results of this procedure in specific patient cohorts of sufficient number or provided subjective assessments of these patients. Purpose: To evaluate midterm results after treatment of shoulder instability with the Bristow procedure in a large cohort of rugby players. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This study included 176 shoulders of 152 competitive rugby players who underwent shoulder stabilization surgery (Bristow procedure with Bankart repair) with a mean follow-up of 4 years (minimum of 2 years) in our institute. The primary outcome measure was the difference in the presurgical and postsurgical functional Rowe score and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index (WOSI) score and factors affecting these scores. Complication rates and associated factors were also investigated. Results: In total, 176 shoulders of 152 patients underwent the Bristow procedure with Bankart repair, and 93.2% of the players returned to their preinjury competition level at a mean of 6.3 months postoperatively. All Rowe and WOSI scores were significantly improved after surgery. The numbers of shoulders with functional failure as indicated by the Rowe score, WOSI score, and inability to return to the previous level of play were 28 (15.9%), 54 (30.7%), and 12 (6.8%), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that reinjury after surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 35.1) and the number of shoulder dislocations (OR = 11.2-11.4) negatively affected the competition level after return to play, while reinjury (OR = 11.1-17.8), the number of shoulder subluxations (OR = 1.1-2.9), injury in the dominant shoulder (OR = 1.2-2.2), and large bone defects (OR = 1.1-11.5) negatively affected functional scores. Reinjury after shoulder stabilization occurred in 6 of 176 shoulders (3.4%). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that reinjury after surgery occurred more frequently in players at lower versus higher grade levels of competition (OR = 21.0). Although differences were not significant, a trend was noted toward higher postoperative reinjury rates in forward players, those in the upper categories (professional and college), and those with injury in the nondominant shoulder. Conclusion: The Bristow procedure provides good midterm outcomes for competitive collision athletes, while postsurgical reinjury, the number of preoperative dislocations and subluxations, and large bone defects negatively affect postsurgical shoulder function. This information may be useful for treatment of shoulder dislocations in collision athletes.
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Kalhoefer, Christian, and Guenter Lang. "The More the Merrier? Detecting Impacts of Bank Regulation After the Global Financial Crisis." Credit and Capital Markets – Kredit und Kapital: Volume 52, Issue 2 52, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ccm.52.2.191.
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Abstract Governments worldwide reacted swiftly to the global financial crisis by tougher regulations. This paper investigates the impacts of the regulatory environment on operating costs using panel data of 2,200 German banks over the timeframe from 1999 to 2014. We estimate cost functions with and without proxies for regulation and analyze the results with respect to period, bank size, and group affiliation. Our results show that regulatory costs were peaking in 2001, 2008, and lately since 2012. Most interesting, however, is the asymmetry of regulation: Whereas the cost effects were symmetric for all banks until 2003, the last ten years were different. Larger institutions and savings banks could neutralize the impacts of increasing regulation on operating costs. In contrast, smaller banks, especially if they are cooperative banks, were facing significant cost increases. We therefore expect unintended structural shifts like a reduction in the diversity of banks, which are negative for competition, service quality, and for the stability of the financial system. Zusammenfassung Weltweit wurde als Folge der globalen Finanzkrise die Regulierung des Finanzsektors verschärft. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Konsequenzen diese Regulierungsmaßnahmen für die operativen Kosten im Bankengeschäft haben. Auf der Basis von Paneldaten von 2,200 in Deutschland aktiven Banken über den Zeitraum von 1999 bis 2014 schätzen wir Kostenfunktionen mit und ohne Proxies für Regulierung und werten die Ergebnisse nach Beobachtungsjahr, Bankengröße, und Gruppenzugehörigkeit aus. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen Kostenspitzen in den Jahren 2001, 2008, und zuletzt seit 2012. Am interessantesten sind jedoch die asymmetrischen Effekte der Bankenregulierung: Während unsere Modelle bis einschließlich 2003 nahezu gleichmäßige Kostenbelastungen anzeigen, änderte sich dies deutlich mit dem Jahr 2004. Im Gegensatz zu großen Institute und Sparkassen, die die Regulierungskosten nahezu neutralisieren konnten, sahen sich kleine Institute und Genossenschaftsbanken mit deutlichen Kostensteigerungen konfrontiert. Als Folge dieser asymmetrischen Kostenwirkungen staatlicher Bankenregulierung erwarten wir unbeabsichtigte Strukturveränderungen wie z.B. Konzentrationsprozesse, die sich negativ auf Wettbewerb, Dienstleistungsqualität, und letztendlich auch negativ auf die Stabilität des gesamten Finanzsystems auswirken werden. JEL Classification: G21, G38
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Kashiwazaki, N., Y. Seita, K. Naoi, A. Takizawa, T. Kuramoto, and T. Serikawa. "12 GENERATION OF RAT OFFSPRING DERIVED FROM CRYOPRESERVED SPERMATOZOA IN JAPANESE NATIONAL BIORESOURCES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab12.
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The purpose of the National BioResource project is to facilitate the availability of genetically and phenotypically standardized rat strains for life sciences. The BioResource is available to scientists worldwide. To bank genetic resources efficiently in the rat, cryopreservation of both sperm and embryos is a very important technology. The objective of the present study was to confirm the ability of banked and transported rat spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes through intrauterine insemination and for the embryos to develop to term, with the ultimate aim of developing a system for banking rat genetic resources. The epidydimal spermatozoa from the KLM rat, whose body size is small because the Prkg2 gene is partially defective, were frozen with egg yolk medium supplemented with 0.7% Equex Stm (Nakatsukasa et al. 2001 Reproduction 122, 463–467) and banked in the Institute of Laboratory Animals, Kyoto University. The cryopreserved sperm in 0.25-mL straws were transported to the laboratory at Azabu University, Kanagawa. Two straws from different males were thawed in a 37�C water bath for 15 s. Thawed semen was diluted with 1.0 mL of mR1ECM (Miyoshi et al. 1997 Biol. Reprod. 56, 180–185) with 0.4% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA, fraction V; Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan) at 37�C and then incubated at 37�C in 5% CO2 in humidified air until insemination. The percentage of motile spermatozoa was assessed visibly and determined by direct observation at 37�C under a light microscope at 100�. The thawed semen (50 �L, 3–4 � 105 sperm cells) was then inseminated into the top of both uterine horns of recipient females that were mated with a vasectomized male. The post-thaw motility of frozen spermatozoa was 10%. Seven of 15 inseminated females became pregnant and 13 live pups were born. It is thought that the low number of pups born in spite of the relatively high pregnancy rate was caused by sperm damage during the freezing and thawing procedure. The results of the present study show that rat spermatozoa cryopreserved in the BioResource have the ability to revive genetic resources through intrauterine insemination.
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Nilsen, Thomas S., Gun Peggy Knudsen, Kristina Gervin, Ingunn Brandt, Espen Røysamb, Kristian Tambs, Ragnhild Ørstavik, et al. "The Norwegian Twin Registry from a Public Health Perspective: A Research Update." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 1 (November 28, 2012): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.117.
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We describe the importance of the Norwegian Twin Registry (NTR) for research in public health and provide examples from several programs of twin research at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), including the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer, our epigenetics platform, and our large program of research in mental health. The NTR has become an integral component of a national strategy for maximizing the research potential from Norwegian registries and biobank-based studies. The information provided herein builds upon and complements our recent report describing the establishment of the NTR and the cohorts comprising it. Although Norway has a long tradition in twin research, the centralization and administration of the twin data through a single register structure is fairly recent. The NTR was established in 2009 and currently includes 47,989 twins covering birth years 1895–1960 and 1967–1979; 31,440 of these twins have consented to participate in medical research (comprising 5,439 monozygotic pairs, 6,702 dizygotic same-sexed pairs, and 1,655 dizygotic opposite-sexed pairs). DNA from approximately 4,800 twins is banked at the NIPH biobank and new studies continuously add new data to the registry. The value of NTR data is greatly enhanced through record linkage possibilities offered by Norway's many nation-wide registries (medical, demographic, and socio-economic) and several studies are already taking advantage of these linkage opportunities for research.
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Khan, Sharif Uddin, Kazi Mohibur Rahman, ATM Hasibul Hasan, Anisul Hoque, AKM Anwar Ullah, and Quazi Deen Mohammad. "Single Photon Emission Computed Tomographic (SPECT) Study in Writer’s Cramp Patients." Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 4, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jninb.v4i2.38921.
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Background: Writer’s cramp is probably related to abnormal functioning of basal ganglia. But the actual mechanism is not known.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the functional association of writer’s cramp with basal ganglia through SPECT study.Methodology: This prospective case control study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka and institute of nuclear medicine (INM), Dhaka from July 2001 to June 2003 to understand the basic pathophysiology of writer’s cramp by SPECT study and to compare the perfusion difference of basal ganglia between writer’s cramp and non-writer’s cramp group. A total of 20 respondents consisting of 10 in each group of writer’s cramp and non-writer’s cramp group as cases and controls respectively were enlisted by simple random method. Both the group of respondents underwent Tc99m HMPAO SPECT study during rest and writing period.Result: Out of 10 cases male patients were nine (90%) and female patient was one (10%) with male female ratio 9:1. Majority of patients presented third to fifth decades of which maximum (30%) were from 30-34 age group. Total six (60%) patients had simple writer’s cramp next three (30%) progressive writer’s cramp and one with dystonic variety. Maximum writer’s cramp patients were associated with great deal of writing (teacher, student, clerk, banker) and or performed repetitive hand movement (computer operator) from the point of occupational distribution. The perfusion difference of basal ganglia of both writer’s cramp and non-writer’s cramp group was seen by Tc99m HMPAO SPECT study during rest and writing period. First visual analysis of the scans by an expert nuclear medicine specialist showed no difference and then quantification of perfusion difference of basal ganglia by using SIEMENS macro programming environment (MPE) software showed no significant perfusion difference of basal ganglia between case and control group both during rest and writing period. In addition it was found highly significant perfusion difference (P=0.000321) separately in controls between left side and right side comparison during rest and significant difference (P=0.03) in writing and also significant in right side (P=0.022) during comparison of rest and writing period. The study also showed a significant perfusion difference (P=0.01) in cases between left and right comparison during writing and also significant perfusion difference (P=0.018) was found in rest and writing comparison of left side in writer’s cramp patients.Conclusion: There is no abnormality in basal ganglia perfusion pattern among the writer’s cramp patient.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 92-96
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Simarova, I. B., A. I. Kostin, Ju V. Smirnova, E. A. Ladygina, D. Yu Logunov, I. V. Dolzhikova, V. V. Ganchin, et al. "Formation of a cohort of anticovid plasma donors with high-titer antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2." Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology 65, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35754/0234-5730-2020-65-3-242-250.
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Background. The application of convalescent plasma (CP) is currently seen as a feasible therapeutic approach in the treatment of COVID-19.Aim. To analyze the experience of recruiting a donor cohort from COVID-19 convalescents for banking of CP as part of a pilot project at the Moscow Healthcare Department.Materials and methods. A retrospective research included 493 COVID-19 convalescents as potential CP donors, all examined at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine. CP was banked using the plasmapheresis method. Only those donors with a documented medical history of COVID-19, which was confi rmed by polymerase chain reaction of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in pharyngeal swabs, and no sooner than 14 days after complete recovery were eligible for donation. Viral neutralizing activity (VNA) was chosen as the key characteristic of the immunological viability of CP. All the donors having VNA titers were characterized in terms of gender, age, time interval since the disease onset, regression of clinical symptoms and clinical features of the COVID 19 course.Results. Effective (1:160 or more) and acceptable (1:80) VNA titers were found in 21.1 % and 24.75 % of donors, respectively. Signifi cant predictors for a donor having a high VNA titer included: male sex, age over 36 years and verifi ed viral pneumonia. The absence of a signifi cant body temperature response (38.5 °С) can be considered as a negative marker of a potential donor.
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Gavranović, Ante. "Svijet (ni)je naučio lekciju iz financijske krize." Media, culture and public relations 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/mcpr.11.1.1.
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Velika financijska i ekonomska kriza pravi su školski primjer ekonomske katastrofe neshvatljivih razmjera. Iako (do danas) još uvijek nema konsenzusa o uzrocima ove krize, većina stručnjaka prepoznaje krivce za krizu, ponajviše u financijskom sustavu koji se odmaknuo od kontrole i izbjegava regulaciju i nadzor. Više od deset godina nakon početka financijske krize, centralni bankari i političari tapšu po leđima: najgore je iza nas i oporavak je učinjen. Greška. Samo je pitanje vremena do izbijanja krize. I to punom snagom ... Makroekonomski indeks otpornosti (kojeg su zajedno razvili švicarski institut SRE - Swiss Re i britansko sveučilište LSE - londonska ekonomska škola) pokazuje da je globalna ekonomija danas manje otporna na globalnu financijsku krizu nego 2007. Analiza pokazuje da je 80 posto zemalja (koje pokrivaju 31 zemlju s 75% udjela u svjetskom BDP-u) sada ranjivije u tom pogledu, uprkos činjenici da su financijske institucije jače nego što su bile na početku krize. Nedavno je na blogu Svjetske banke objavljen članak čiji je autor Augusto Lopez-Claros, bivši direktor Globalnih pokazatelja i analitičar Svjetske banke. Zanimljiv je iz više razloga: posebno jer se zalaže za fiskalnu stabilizaciju u narednim godinama. Upozorio je da je danas u mnogim zemljama javni dug na razini zadnji put viđenoj na kraju Drugog svjetskog rata. Prema njegovom mišljenju, neki oblik fiskalne konsolidacije, podržan drugim strukturnim i institucionalnim reformama, možda će biti jedini održiv put u narednim godinama. U prilog ovoj tvrdnji iznosi i tri argumenta. To su sveukupno smanjeni fiskalni prostor, zatim povećani srednjoročni pritisci i, konačno, volatilnost financijskog tržišta. Kako su novinari i opće poslovno novinarstvo reagirali na početak financijske krize i što smo naučili iz nje? Je li nova financijska kriza stvarno na putu?
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Zeghibe, Catherine A., Ines Maria Vaz Duarte Luis, Elizabeth S. Frank, Jessica Sohl, Kimberly E. Washington, Stuart G. Silverman, Joseph M. Fonte, et al. "Prospective clinical experience with research biopsies in breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e17574-e17574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e17574.
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e17574 Background: There is active debate concerning the ethics and risks of non-clinically indicated biopsies (bxs) in patients (pts) with cancer. In this analysis we examined our single institution experience regarding acceptance, safety, and success rate with research biopsies in pts with breast cancer (BC). Methods: An IRB-approved ongoing prospective study at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute collects research bxs from pts with BC. Research bxs are performed as additional passes at the time of a clinical bx (cohort 1) or as a separate procedure for banking purposes only (cohort 2) on known tumor or suspicious lesions. Bxs are not linked to a specific therapeutic or correlative trial. Bx-site related risks are pre-specified in consent forms. Grade 2-5 adverse events (AEs) associated with the procedure are prospectively collected. Chart review for bxs between 2005-2013 was performed in this analysis. Results: As of January 2013, 158 pts had consented to the study; 3 pts withdrew consent and 4 pts did not have bxs. 151 pts are in the analytic cohort (total bxs performed= 161); 82% in cohort 1, 18% in cohort 2. Most pts were white (89%) with a performance status of 0-1 (98%). A majority of pts (96%) underwent a bx in the setting of known or suspected metastatic disease. 39% of bxs were performed at time of diagnosis or first recurrence. The most common sites for bx were liver (38%, n=61), skin (24%, n=39) and breast (18%, n=29). Lung was uncommon (3%, n=4). Research biopsies were successfully performed in 114 (92%) pts in cohort 1 and 27 (100%) pts in cohort 2. In cohort 1, research biopsies were not successful in 10 pts. In 9 pts the clinical samples had insufficient material, leading to the forfeit of the banked research sample for clinical purposes; in 1 pt the bx was suspended for severe pain. Only 3 (1.9%) pts had AEs ≥ grade 2: 1 with grade 2 pain; 1 with grade 2 pneumothorax; and 1 with grade 3 pain. Conclusions: Our experience in an academic medical center suggests that pts with BC are willing to undergo research bxs outside the context of a therapeutic or translational trial. These procedures can be performed safely with a high rate of successful tissue collection. Additional data are needed to fully quantify the risks and to demonstrate the value of these procedures.
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Singh, Abhay, Matthew Gravina, Rutaba Tajammal, Annmarie Nowak, Renuka Iyer, Mark G. Faber, LunBiao Yan, et al. "Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors Receiving Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT)." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141570.
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Background. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) prevalence increases with age. Elderly (>70 years) healthy individuals have a 10% incidence of CH. Cancer cohorts are at increased risk of harboring CH mutations (~25%). Specific tumor types such as thyroid, ovarian, and bladder, have previously been shown to be at the highest risk of CH due to increased exposure to radionuclide and chemo-radiotherapies. Radionuclide therapies in particular are associated with a high incidence of subsequent myeloid disorders. Exposure to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT, Lu 177 dotatate) leads to an increased risk (~2-5%) of therapy related myeloid neoplasms (MNs). It is not known if baseline CH architecture of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) contributes to the increased risk or the protracted course of NETs or exposure to leukemogenic therapies. With a broader view to understand emergence of therapy induced myeloid neoplasms in various malignancies, we aimed to characterize baseline rates of CH in patients (pts) with NETs and assess clonal evolution in serial blood samples procured prior to and after exposure to PRRT. Methods. The NET Biobank housed at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center contains banked serial samples for pts receiving PRRT since its FDA approval in 2018. In this retrospective analysis, we identified pre-PRRT blood samples from 13 pts with NET treated at our institute from 2018-19. Serial samples (post PRRT exposure) were available for 6 of 13 pts. Genomic DNA collected from pts before and after PRRT treatment initiation was analyzed for CH mutations using a custom panel targeting 93 genes. A VAF cut off of 1% was used to define putative CH mutations. Relationships among clinical, laboratory and mutational variables were examined using chi-square test, at a significance level of 0.05. Results. Pt characteristics (n=13) are shown in Table 1. Median age was 58 years. 70% were men. Only 1/13 pt had prior chemotherapy exposure, and 3/13 had prior RT exposure. The primary location of NETs was small bowel (46%) followed by pancreas (23%) and others (cecal, rectal or unknown - 31%). All pts had stage IV disease. Over half (54%) harbored CH mutations, despite their relatively young age. This prevalence is much higher than previously reported CH prevalence of 25.1% in pts with other solid tumors.1TET2 (25%) was the most commonly mutated gene, followed by ASXL1 (12.5%), CHEK (12.5%), PPM1D (12.5%) and TP53 (12.5%) which together accounted for 50% of all mutations. Other mutations (DNMT3A, JAK2, DDX41, SRCAP) were less common (Figure 1). DNMT3A mutations (usually most prevalent mutation in cancer cohorts) were uncommon in this cohort and did not occur in the R882 AML/MDS hotspot, previously described in CH. Frameshift mutations and truncations comprised 53.3% of all mutations, and these mutations had higher mean VAFs (6.14%) than single nucleotide variants (1.93%; p = 0.001). This may suggest that frameshift mutations and truncations provide survival advantage to the affected clone. Mutations were more common in smokers than in non-smokers (100% vs 40%, p = 0.067). As expected, mutations were more common in individuals age 61 and above (75% harbored 1 or more mutation) vs only 20% mutation occurrence was noted in age 60 or below (p=0.05). Conclusion. CH with a distinct mutation profile occurs in NET patients, and in higher prevalence (54%) than observed in other solid tumors (25%). High baseline prevalence of putative CH mutations in NET patients may be an important contributor to heightened risk of MN development after PRRT exposure. Ongoing serial sample evaluation will provide further insights into clonal evolution of the above detected CH mutations after exposure to PRRT. The results regarding clonal evolution may have implications in predicting risk of MN associated with PRRT therapy and influence treatment selection in pts planned for PRRT. References Coombs CC, Zehir A, Devlin SM, et al. Therapy-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Non-hematologic Cancers Is Common and Associated with Adverse Clinical Outcomes. Cell Stem Cell. 2017;21(3):374-382.e374. Acknowledgement: Data and samples for this study were provided by the Data Bank and BioRepository (DBBR), which is funded by the National Cancer Institute (P30 CA016056) and is a Roswell Park Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant shared resource. Disclosures Iyer: Advanced Accelerator Applications: Consultancy. Guzman:SeqRx: Honoraria; Cellectis: Research Funding. Wang:Abbvie: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Stemline: Speakers Bureau; PTC Therapeutics: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Macrogenics: Consultancy; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Bristol Meyers Squibb (Celgene): Consultancy.
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Bertuch-Samuels, Axel. "Why we should embrace institutional diversity in banking." Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 87, no. 4 (September 1, 2018): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.87.4.127.
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Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag von Institutionen-Vielfalt im Finanzsektor zu nachhaltigem Wachstum und Finanzstabilität – insbesondere die Rolle effektiver lokaler Bankstrukturen – wird nicht selten unterschätzt, sei es im Rahmen der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit oder in der strukturpolitischen Diskussion in den hochentwickelten Volkswirtschaften. Dabei kommen in jüngster Zeit mehr und mehr Untersuchungen zu dem Ergebnis, dass Finanzinstitute mit einem Geschäftsmodell, welches die Pflege langfristig angelegter Geschäftsbeziehungen zu breiten Bevölkerungsschichten und zu mittelständischen Unternehmen vor Ort in den Mittelpunkt stellt, in der Tat einen positiven Einfluss auf Wirtschaftsentwicklung und Stabilität ausüben. Diese Untersuchungen reichen von Studien über Faktoren, die inklusive Finanzstrukturen in Entwicklungsländern vorantreiben helfen, bis hin zu vergleichenden Analysen der Geschäftsergebnisse unterschiedlicher Bankengruppen in Folge der globalen Finanzkrise. Diese Forschungsergebnisse werden überdies auch bestätigt, wenn man die spezifischen Erfolgsfaktoren hinter der mehr als 200-jährigen Geschichte des deutschen Sparkassen- und Genossenschaftsbankwesens einmal genauer unter die Lupe nimmt. Zu solchen Faktoren gehören unter anderem: Die Konzentration ihrer Aktivitäten auf eine geographisch begrenzte Region bei gleichzeitiger Zusammenarbeit in einem „Verbund“ (das heißt in einem Netzwerk autonomer Institute); die Förderung des Sparens und eine Fokussierung auf das Einlagengeschäft, und last but not least, ein Mandat, sich für das wirtschaftliche und soziale Wohl der Region einzusetzen, und zwar auf der Basis von nachhaltiger Ertragskraft und finanzieller Solidität anstatt enger Ausrichtung auf kurzfristige Profitmaximierung. Ähnliche Erfolgsfaktoren finden sich auch in einer Reihe von Entwicklungsländern im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufbau eines heimischen Finanzinstitutionengefüges und damit einhergehenden dezidierten Anstrengungen zur Förderung von Mikrofinanzinstituten und lokal verankerten Banken, deren Angebot an Finanzdienstleistungen nicht zuletzt auf die Bedürfnisse der ärmeren Bevölkerungsschichten ausgerichtet ist. Summary: The contribution of institutionally diversified financial sectors to more sustainable growth and financial stability—in particular the role of effective local banking structures—is not always fully appreciated, whether in the context of development cooperation or in policy discussions in the advanced economies. At the same time, a growing number of studies—ranging from analyses of the drivers of financial inclusion in developing countries to assessments of various banking groups’ performance during and after the global financial crisis (GFS)—find that financial institutions whose business models focus on local economies, retail and relationship banking do, indeed, have a positive impact on economic development, growth and financial stability. Those findings are also supported by a closer examination of the factors, which contributed to the successful evolution of the German savings banks and cooperative banks over a period of more than 200 years. These factors include: the concentration of their banking activities on a limited geographical region while working as a network of cooperating autonomous institutions; the prioritization of savings mobilization; a mandate to serve the economic and social wellbeing of the local region, while remaining profitable and financially viable over the long run, rather than narrowly focusing on profit maximization. Similar success factors can also be observed in the context of financial institution building and the deliberate promotion of locally oriented and people-focused microfinance and banking institutions in several developing economies.
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Brown, Jennifer R., Kimberly S. Phillips, Donna Neuberg, Elke Raderschall, and Arnold S. Freedman. "Prevalence of Familial Lymphoproliferative Malignancy in a Prospectively Screened Cohort of Patients with Lymphoproliferative Disorders." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.818.818.
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Abstract Although an inherited contribution to CLL/SLL and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is increasingly accepted, the contribution of inherited predisposition to non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas has been less well studied. The frequency of families with more than one B cell malignancy is also unknown. To begin to address these questions, we have been systematically screening all new patients seen in the Lymphoma Program at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute since December 2004, with a one-page IRB-approved self-administered family history questionnaire. Through June 30, 2006, 1509 patients have been screened, including 983 with NHL, 205 with HL and 321 with CLL/SLL. Of these, 74.5% or 1125 patients report at least one family member with cancer (95% CI 72.3%–76.7%), and 58.2% or 878 patients report at least one first degree relative (parent, sibling or child) with cancer (95% CI 55.6–60.7%). 63.5% of CLL/SLL patients, 58.4% of NHL patients and 48.7% of HD patients report a first degree family member affected with any cancer (p = 0.004, Chi-Square test). The diseases reported include: breast (220 cases), lung (152), lymphoid (127), prostate (110), and colon (101). A related lymphoproliferative disorder was reported in a first degree relative by 116 of the 1509 patients (7.7%; 95% CI 6.4–9.1%); 11 of 116 (9.5%, 95% CI 4.8–16.3 %) reported additional affected first degree relatives. An additional 53 (3.5%) patients reported a second degree relative with a related lymphoproliferative disorder. 11.2% (95% CI 9.7–12.9%) of patients therefore report a 1st or 2nd degree relative with a related lymphoma. Amongst patients with CLL/SLL, 8.7% (28/321) report a first degree relative who also has CLL/SLL, 4.0% (13/321) a first degree relative with NHL and 1.9% (6/321) a first degree relative with HL. Amongst patients with HL, 1.5% (3/205) report a first degree relative also with HL, 3.4% (7/205) with NHL, and 0.5% (1/205) with CLL/SLL. Of particular note is the finding that the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas also show high rates of affected first degree relatives, with 4.5% (44/983) reporting a first degree relative also with NHL, 1.4% (14/983) with HL and 1.1% (11/983) with CLL/SLL. These results suggest that the prevalence of lymphoproliferative malignancy in first degree relatives of affected individuals is high and differs significantly by diagnosis, 14.6% (95% CI 11.0–19.0%) in CLL/SLL, 7.0% (95% CI 5.5–8.8%) in NHL and 5.4% (95% CI 2.7–9.4%) in HL (p= 0.00003, Chi-square test). Although the majority of relatives tend to have concordant histology, any B cell malignancy can be seen in these families. In order to better characterize these findings and explore the underlying biology, those families who are willing who have at least two first degree relatives with any B cell malignancy are enrolling in a prospective cohort and tissue banking study, in which detailed medical records are evaluated and germline and tumor tissue banked. Molecular experiments with the goal of elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these observations are ongoing.
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Clark, S., A. Ness, J. Baldrighi, L. Borst, C. Maddox, and B. Payne. "10 INOCULATION OF CULTURE-NEGATIVE PORCINE SEMEN WITH NOVEL BIOFILM-FORMING BACTERIA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab10.
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With the growing number of boar studs having semen analysis performed by reproductive specialists, a growing number of diagnostic challenges are encountered. Semen analysis classically involves evaluation of sperm cell motility, morphology, and concentration; however, culture of the extended semen sample for bacterial contamination has become routine. Two isolates, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Ralstonia pickettii, have recently been identified in the water distillation system of a boar stud facility that uses this water to extend the raw semen in various semen extenders. Insemination of sows with contaminated semen has resulted in severe pyometras diagnosed on necropsy. The effect of these bacteria on sperm motility has not been examined in a controlled setting. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of A. xylosoxidans (AX) and R. pickettii (RP) on pH and motility in culture-negative semen samples over a 7-day period at 16�C. Banked clinical isolates of AX and RP were plated on Columbia blood agar and incubated for 48 h at 37�C. For each isolate, a single colony was selected and transferred to 10 mL of Luria broth. The broth was then incubated for 24 h at 37�C. Optical density measurements were performed at 24 and 48 h of growth, followed by quantification of bacteria by plate counts of serially diluted broth cultures (colony forming units). At 24 h, AX and RP reached levels of 1 � 108 and 1 � 107 [colony-forming units (cfu) mL–1], respectively. Concentration of bacteria in clinical infection was determined to be approximately 1 � 104 and 102 for AX and RP, respectively. In order to attain concentrations similar to those in clinical infection, dilution of the bacteria was necessary. Centrifugation of broth culture at 4000 rpm for 5 min was performed and the bacterial pellet was re-suspended in culture-negative semen in Modena (SGI, LTD, Cambridge, IA, USA) extender to concentrations mimicking those in clinical infection. The samples were then incubated at 16�C and rotated once daily. Motility and morphology, viewed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA: Spermvision; Minitube of America, Verona, WI, USA), and pH (Accumet AB15, Fisher Scientific, Hanover Park, IL, USA) were measured daily for each sample at 25�C. Data from 4 replicates were used in the analysis. For motility, ANOVA revealed no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the control and inoculated samples. A PROX MIXED analysis (SAS, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) revealed no treatment-by-time interaction with sperm motility after inoculation. For sample pH, statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted between all of the samples, primarily contributed by a treatment-by-time effect. The pH of the control sample became more basic over the 7-day period (from 6.94 to 7.32). This phenomenon was also observed in all of samples; however, semen inoculated with AX appeared to remain closer to neutral pH than did the RP samples. Although statistically significant differences were noted in pH, the addition of biofilm bacteria did not negatively affect the motility of extended porcine semen during this time period. Further experiments need to be performed in relation to different concentrations, time period of bacterial growth, and determination of final cfu mL–1.
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Pacey, Philip. "Recordings: a select bibliography of contemporary African, Afro-Caribbean and Asian British art [by] Melanie Keen and Elizabeth Ward. London: Institute of International Visual Arts (inIVA) in collaboration with Chelsea College of Art & Design, 1996. 145p. ISBN 1-899846-06-9 £9.95, plus p.& p. £2.50 (E.C.) or £5.00 (rest of the world), from inIVA, 12-14 Whitfield Street, London W1P 5RD (U.K. cheque, Eurocheque, or Banker’s Draft in £ Sterling payable to inIVA)." Art Libraries Journal 21, no. 4 (1996): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200010154.
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Flaumenhaft, Robert, Lynn VerPlank, James R. Dilks, Daniel A. Smith, Price Blair, Albert T. Mairuhu, Joseph Negri, et al. "Identification of a Novel Par1 inhibitor Using a Chemical Genetic Screen." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2018.2018.
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Abstract Abstract 2018 The anucleate platelet is not amenable to traditional forward genetic analysis, but is a good candidate for a chemical genetic screen. In collaboration with the Broad Institute Probe Development Center, we have performed a high throughput screen using a modified luciferin-luciferase detection system to identify inhibitors of Par1-mediated dense granule secretion. For primary screening, over 300,000 compounds were assayed in duplicate using freshly outdated platelet-rich plasma supplied by several blood banks across the United States. Computational analyses of the primary data demonstrated that approximately 0.2% of compounds showed ≥50% inhibition relative to maximally inhibitory concentrations of the known antiplatelet agent, cilostazol. Secondary screening using 8-point dose response curves and counterscreening to exclude luciferase inhibitors identified 137 small molecules that inhibited Par1-mediated ATP/ADP release without significant inhibition of luciferase. Twenty eight compounds were selected for further testing based on their IC50s in confirmatory assays (<10 μM), lack of activity in unrelated bioassays, and chemical structure. Known platelet inhibitors were excluded. Of the 28 compounds, 16 compounds potently inhibited SFLLRN-induced α-granule release from washed platelets, as monitored by P-selectin expression. IC50s for these compounds ranged from <0.3 to 1 μM. None of the compounds that failed to inhibit α-granule release demonstrated significant inhibition of SFLLRN-induced 14C-serotonin release at 10 μM. Of the 16 confirmed inhibitory compounds, 12 demonstrated >50% stimulation of cAMP levels compared to platelets exposed to PGE1 and were not further analyzed. One of the 4 remaining compounds lost activity upon resynthesis. The three compounds that demonstrated activity upon resynthesis included a diaminophenyl, an acylhydrazone, and a cyanopyridone. A series of chemical analogs for each of the three series was synthesized and/or obtained from commercial vendors. Structure activity relationships were determined by testing these compounds in the luciferin-luciferase assay. The most potent analog of each series was then further analyzed. The representative compounds (10 μM) failed to block platelet granule release induced by the Par4 activating peptide AYPGFK, PMA, calcium ionophore, or collagen, suggesting that the compounds act at or near Par1. However, only one of the three compounds, termed DAP, significantly inhibited thrombin-induced platelet activation. Determination of DAP activity in cultured cells expressing Par1 confirmed DAP-mediated inhibition of Par1 activity. Analysis of dose-response curves at multiple inhibitor concentrations were consistent with non-competitive inhibition of Par1-mediated granule secretion. In functional studies, DAP inhibited platelet aggregation and secretion, but not platelet shape change. In contrast, the orthosteric Par1 inhibitor Sch79797 blocked aggregation, secretion, and shape change. Despite its inability to inhibit activation through human Par4, DAP blocked activation through mouse Par4, demonstrating complete inhibition of AYPGFK-mediated aggregation of mouse platelets at 5 μM. Platelets obtained from mice 45 minutes after infusion of 10 mg/kg DAP failed to aggregate in response to AYPGFK. The effect of DAP on thrombus formation was evaluated using intravital microscopy. These studies showed that infusion of 10 mg/kg DAP potently inhibited platelet accumulation following laser-induced vascular injury of cremaster arterioles in mice. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using blood-banked platelets in a large-scale chemical genetic screen. Compounds that block platelet function via elevation of cAMP are common, indicating a need to include cAMP assays early in the screening funnel. The novel antithrombotic DAP identified in this screen appears to block Par1 via an allosteric mechanism. The ability of DAP to inhibit mouse Par4, but not human Par4, indicates that DAP acts outside the ligand binding pocket of Par1. This compound will provide a useful probe to study the effect of small molecule modulation of Par1 on receptor conformation and downstream signaling. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kurtzberg, Joanne, Jesse D. Troy, Ellen Bennett, Samir Belagaje, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Jonathan Wiese, John Volpi, and Daniel Laskowitz. "Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood Infusion for Adults with Ischemic Stroke (CoBIS): Clinical Outcomes from a Phase 1 Safety Study." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2284.2284.
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Abstract Background: Over 750,000 patients/year in the US experience a debilitating stroke. Approximately 88% of adult strokes are ischemic in etiology, and occur when cerebral blood flow is blocked by a clot or mechanical event. To date, there are no effective therapies. The initial neuroinflammatory response following stroke results in the release of inflammatory mediators which may exacerbate the development of cerebral edema and secondary tissue injury. Preclinical data suggest that cell-based therapy may favorably alter the natural history of these processes through paracrine signaling that reduces inflammation, promotes angiogenesis, neurogenesis and recruitment of endogenous cell repair mechanisms. We hypothesize that intravenous infusion of banked non-HLA matched allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB) is safe and will, through tropic effects, improve functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: The CoBIS study (NCT02397018) is a prospective, open-label, multi-center, Phase 1 safety study of a single intravenous infusion of allogeneic UCB in patients with ischemic stroke. Adult patients experiencing a recent, acute cortical ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 8-15(right hemisphere) or 8-18 (left hemisphere) were eligible for enrollment. Cord blood units were selected to match for ABO/Rh and race but not for HLA. Subjects were not pre-treated with immunosuppressive drugs and infused with cell product 3-9 days post stroke. The primary endpoint was safety as assessed by the frequency and severity of adverse events occurring within 24 hours of cord blood infusion within a 12-month period post-infusion. Secondary outcome measures to assess physical and neurological function included modified Rankin Scale (mRS), NIHSS, and Barthel Index (BI). Results: Ten male patients with a mean age of 61.5 years (range 45-79) were enrolled between July 2015 and February 2016 at Duke University and Houston Methodist Hospital. All subjects were independent prior to the stroke; 9 subjects had an historic mRS of 0 and one subject had an historic mRS of 1 due to bilateral below the knee amputation. Study participants received an intravenous infusion of 0.83-3.34 X 10e7 TNC/kg administered between 3-9 days post stroke. At time of infusion (baseline), the mean mRS was 4.4±0.5 (range 4-5). At 3 months, the mean mRS was 2.8±0.9 (range 2-4) and 50% of subjects exhibited a 1 grade increase (improvement) in mRS, 40% had improved by 2 grades and one subject by 3 grades. According to studies examining change in mRS over time, 58% of patients disabled by stroke (mRS 3-5) will improve by at least one grade by 3 months (Kelly-Hayes et al, J. Neurol Rehab 1989). The mean NIHSS at the time of enrollment was 13.6±0.8 (range 12-15), at infusion (baseline) 11.2 ±1.6 (range 9-14), and at 3 months 5.3±2.2 (range 3-9) with a shift down (improvement) by at least 4 points (mean 6.1±1.7; range 4-9) relative to baseline. Similarly, all patients showed improvement in basic activities of daily living at 3 months relative to infusion (baseline), as measured by the BI (mean 52.0±24.7; range 10-80). As of June, 2016, four serious AEs were observed in one study subject but were unrelated to study therapy and not reportable. Conclusions: Six month safety data suggests intravenous infusion of unmatched, allogeneic, UCB cells is feasible and well tolerated in adult patients with acute ischemic stroke. Furthermore, all patients exhibited improved functional outcomes at 3 months relative to baseline as measured by mRS, NIHSS and BI. These results should be further investigated in a controlled and randomized Phase 2 study using human UCB and placebo in patients with ischemic stroke which is planned to begin Q4 2016. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Loh, Mignon L., Jinghui Zhang, Deqing Pei, Yunfeng Dai, Xiaotu Ma, Meenakshi Devidas, Michael Edmondson, et al. "Whole Exome Sequencing of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Identify Mutations in 11 Pathways: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.455.455.
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Abstract Survival for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) now approaches 90% with risk adapted therapy based on National Cancer Institute risk group (NCI RG) at diagnosis, somatic lymphoblast genetics, and early response to therapy as measured by minimal residual disease (MRD). Recent studies have identified multiple somatic genetic mutations in ALL, some of which confer increased risk of relapse or identify opportunities for additional targeted therapies. However, there are few genome sequencing analyses of representative cohorts of childhood ALL treated on contemporary regimens. To define the mutational landscape of childhood B-ALL, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on diagnostic tumor and remission samples of 192 patients with B-ALL consecutively enrolled between 4/1/06-9/8/06 on the Children's Oncology Group AALL03B1 classification trial that enrolled 11,145 patients up to age 30, which included patients enrolled on clinical trials for standard-risk (SR) B-ALL (N=5226, age 1-10 years and white blood cell count (WBC) < 50,000/uL) and high-risk (HR) B-ALL (N=2907; age ≥10 years or WBC ≥50,000/uL). An 8-gene expression low density array card identified Ph-like patients, and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and multiplex ligation assays were used to determine DNA copy number alterations. Approximately 2/3 NCI SR and 1/3 NCI HR patients with sufficient banked samples were selected to reflect a population-based cohort (Table 1). Comparison of those selected vs. those not revealed significantly more NCI SR patients with a higher WBC and MRD, and fewer with double trisomy 4 and 10. Selected NCI HR patients were younger, had a higher WBC, and had more ETV6/RUNX1. There were a total of 3576 non-silent mutations with a median of 15 mutations/case (range 1-134). One case had 102 non-silent mutations and a germline mutation in MSH3. The additional mutations clustered in 11 pathways (Table 2), several of which were novel including cell-matrix interaction (e.g. SSPO, FAT1) and intracellular trafficking/cytoplasmic transport (e.g. DYNC2H1, ANK3, UNC13C). Most commonly altered were B-cell development (49.4%), transcription factors (45.8%), tumor suppressor genes (32.7%), cytoplasmic transport (27.3%), and Ras signaling (26.7%). Several pathways Ras signaling, Jak/STAT, and transcription factor mutations/deletions were associated with genetic lesions commonly used for risk stratification. Other pathways (epigenetic, B-cell development, or tumor suppressor) occurred in all subtypes. The most commonly identified genetic mutations were NRAS (n=33), KRAS (n=26), FLT3 (n=13), PAX5 (n=10), CREBBP (n=10), XBP1 (n=9), WHSC1 (n=7), and UBA2 (n=7). XBP1 and UBA2 mutations were novel. XBP1 (X-Box binding Protein 1) encodes a transcription factor that regulates the unfolded protein response. UBA2 (ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 2) encodes a protein involved in sumoylation to regulate protein structure and intracellular localization. Univariable analysis revealed no significant associations with any of these pathways or mutations with an increased risk of relapse with the exception of IKZF1 mutations or deletions (n=36; p=0.0087). Multivariable analysis modeling including IKZF1, age, presenting WBC, gender, NCI RG, ETV6/RUNX1, BCR/ABL1, Ph-like, white race, and MRD revealed only BCR/ABL1 and MRD positivity being significantly predictive of relapse. However, the risk of relapse was significantly increased based on the number of mutations identified in any one single patient (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.023, p < 0.0004). Of note, only 18 patients (NCI SR, n=8, NCI HR, n=10) were Ph-like in this cohort, likely explaining the lack of significance between Ph-like status and an increased risk of relapse in this analysis. In summary, WES of a consecutively enrolled cohort of NCI SR and HR patients revealed a large number of novel genetic mutations that could be broadly assigned to 11 classes. Outcomes for patients overall were not influenced by any one of these classes, demonstrating that sentinel genetic alterations currently used in risk stratification are of paramount importance in directing therapy intensification for ALL. These data provide important information about pathways commonly mutated in childhood ALL, identifying classes of drugs that can be considered for clinical testing to further improve outcome. Disclosures Loh: Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Research Funding. Hunger:Amgen: Equity Ownership; Pfizer: Equity Ownership; Merck: Equity Ownership; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Sigma Tau Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Erytech: Honoraria; Patent: Patents & Royalties: Dr. Hunger is a co-inventor of a patent (#8658,964) for the identification of novel subgroups in high risk B-ALL and outcome correlations and diagnostic methods related to the same; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.
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Gibson, Christopher J., R. Coleman Lindsley, Vatche Tchekmedyian, Jiantao Shi, Brenton G. Mar, Siddhartha Jaiswal, Alysia Bosworth, et al. "Clonal Hematopoiesis Associated with Adverse Outcomes Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.986.986.
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Abstract Background Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an age-related phenomenon characterized by the presence of somatic mutations in peripheral blood (PMIDs: 25426837, 25426838). Although CHIP was originally defined in healthy older adults without cytopenias, it can be found in other contexts as well. For example, one recent report described four patients with therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (TMN) arising after treatment for other cancers, all of which were driven by TP53 mutations that could be found at very low levels in samples drawn years before the development of TMN (PMID: 25487151). However, there has not yet been a more systematic study of CHIP in this type of context. In this study, we sought to understand how CHIP behaves and influences outcomes in the context of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), arguably the most extreme selective pressure that can be studied in the context of native hematopoiesis. We hypothesized that in patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) undergoing ASCT, the presence of CHIP at the time of transplantation would be associated with an increased risk of TMN and other adverse outcomes. Methods We analyzed exome sequencing data from 10 patients with TMN after ASCT (City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA), and performed targeted sequencing of 116 genes on banked, mobilized peripheral blood from an additional 401 patients with NHL who underwent ASCT (Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA), to determine whether there is a clonal connection between CHIP at the time of ASCT and subsequent TMN, and to determine whether the presence of CHIP at the time of ASCT influences subsequent outcomes. Results In 7 of 10 TMN patients for whom we analyzed exome sequencing data, mutations present at the time of TMN were also detectable in the pre-ASCT sample. PPM1D, a key mediator of the DNA damage pathway, was mutated in 2 patients, as was TP53 (2 patients), TET2 (2 patients) and PRPF8 (1 patient). In our larger cohort of 401 unselected ASCT patients, CHIP was common (121 patients, 30.2%) and was associated with older age but not with other demographic or treatment-related factors. PPM1D was the most commonly mutated gene (54 mutations in 48 patients). In the ASCT cohort of 401 patients, 18 patients developed TMN. The presence of CHIP at the time of ASCT significantly increased this risk: the 10-year cumulative incidence of TMN, with death and allogeneic transplant as competing risks, was 12.4% for patients with CHIP, compared to 3.5% for patients without CHIP (P=0.002, Figure 1A). Moreover, the presence of CHIP at the time of ASCT conferred significant risks beyond TMN alone, as patients with CHIP had significantly inferior overall survival compared to patients without CHIP (10-year OS 30.6% versus 60.9%, P=0.0003, Figure 1B). This difference was driven primarily by late mortality and not by an increased risk of relapse or by the difference in rate of TMN. Although other variables were associated with OS in univariate analysis, multivariate analysis in a Cox proportional hazards model showed that only older age (60 or above), aggressive lymphoma, and presence of CHIP were significantly associated with survival. Conclusion We show that CHIP at the time of ASCT for NHL is common and is associated with an increased risk of TMN and decreased overall survival independent of the TMN risk. These results have substantial clinical and translational implications. They suggest the need to specifically study the connection between CHIP and lymphoma more deeply, which could be accomplished by assessing CHIP in patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma prior to the administration of any chemotherapy or mobilizing agents. They also suggest the need to consider alternative therapeutic approaches for patients with lymphoma and a high risk of TMN who are being considered for ASCT. Finally, they underscore the need to study clonal hematopoiesis in the context of treatment for other cancers to determine whether these results may be relevant to an even larger number of patients. Disclosures Lindsley: MedImmune: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Mar:H3 Biomedicine: Other: Spouse's employment. LaCasce:Forty Seven: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy. Koreth:LLS: Research Funding; amgen inc: Consultancy; takeda pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; kadmon corp: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; prometheus labs inc: Research Funding; millennium pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Ritz:Kiadis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Soiffer:Kiadis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Juno: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Martinot, E., A. Cabraal, and S. Mathur. "World Bank/GEF solar home system projects: experiences and lessons learned 1993–20001Eric Martinot conducted the work herein as an Associate of the Stockholm Environment Institute, Boston. He currently works for the Global Environment Facility. Anil Cabraal is a Senior Renewable Energy Specialist in the World Bank's Asia Alternative Energy Program. Subodh Mathur is a consultant to the World Bank and its Africa Rural and Renewable Energy Initiative. Views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official views of the World Bank or its client countries.1." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 5, no. 1 (March 2001): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-0321(00)00007-1.
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Diamond, Benjamin, Neha Korde, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Eric L. Smith, Urvi A. Shah, Sham Mailankody, Malin Hultcrantz, et al. "Long-Term Sustained Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negativity in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Continuous Lenalidomide Maintenance Therapy: A Clinical and Correlative Phase 2 Study." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-140152.
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Background. Consensus from prior studies shows that the use of maintenance therapy after completion of combination therapy leads to longer progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with multiple myeloma with some studies showing an overall survival (OS) benefit. Currently, lenalidomide is the standard of care; however, there are limited published data on long-term use regarding ability to sustain minimal residual disease (MRD)-negativity and late toxicities. We were motivated to develop a study focusing on continuous, induction-agnostic lenalidomide maintenance with integration of clinical and correlative data. Here, we report formal results of this phase II study with focus on MRD dynamics and tolerability. Methods. This single arm, phase II trial enrolled 100 evaluable patients. Lenalidomide 10 mg is given days 1-21 on a 28-day cycle. Per protocol, patients underwent bone marrow biopsies and aspirates as well as PET/CT at baseline, annually, at progression/end of study; blood work was done every 3 months. The study was statistically powered for the primary endpoint of PFS at 36 months. Correlative assays included MRD testing (10-color single-tube flow cytometry and IGHV sequencing; sensitivity ≤10-5), genomic characterization of detectable disease, and profiling of the bone marrow microenvironment performed on serially banked samples. Results. 100 evaluable patients were enrolled (63% males) between September 2015 and January 2019. Baseline characteristics include median age 63 years (range 38-87 years) and median ECOG score 1 (range 0-1). Prior to enrollment, 22 (30%) patients had high-risk FISH/SNP signature defined as one or more of: 1q+, t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), and 17p- and 48 patients had undergone autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). At abstract submission, median cycles delivered is 39 (range 9-62). 74% of patients have completed ³24 cycles and 55% have completed ³36 cycles. Overall PFS at 36 months was 77% (95% CI: 0.69-0.87) and PFS at 60 months was 63% (95% CI: 0.51-0.78). All patients had MRD testing at least once. 46% were MRD-negative at enrollment. 7 patients who were MRD+ at enrollment converted to MRD-negative. At median follow up 39.4 months (range 7-56 months), 20/100 patients (20%) have progressed. In consideration of the entire follow-up time from initial MRD-negativity, 44 (of 95 tested; 46%) and 37 (of 73 tested; 51%) achieved sustained MRD-negativity at 1 and 2 years, respectively. 22 patients were MRD-negative at 3 years (of 51 tested; 43%). Among those who sustained MRD-negativity for 2 years, with median follow-up of 19 months past the 2-year landmark analysis (max 120 months), there were no progression events. Age, induction regimen, and MRD status at enrollment were the only significant variables associated with PFS regardless of cytogenetic risk or transplant status. At 1 and 2-year landmark analysis, MRD-negativity superseded all else as the most significant factor associated with PFS with HR 0.06(p=0.0004) and HR 1/Inf (p=0.015), respectively. Toxicities (grade 3) included neutrophil count decrease (20%), hypertension (3%), diarrhea (3%), lung infection (2%), and maculo-papular rash (2%), and toxicities (grade 4) include sepsis (2%) and platelet count decrease (7%). The most common non-grade 3/4 toxicities were diarrhea (55%), fatigue (36%), and upper respiratory infection (30%). 7% developed a secondary malignancy on study: 3 adenocarcinoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 CMML, 1 MDS, 1 ALL, and 1 glioblastoma. One evaluable patient required dose reduction due to toxicities/tolerability. Conclusions. This prospective study of continuous lenalidomide maintenance, agnostic to induction regimen or AHCT usage, was designed to evaluate the dynamics of MRD-negativity in relation to PFS. It expands on the importance of MRD as a predictor of outcome and illustrates how continuous maintenance therapy can deepen and sustain MRD-negative responses achieved with modern combination therapy. For this cohort, MRD-negativity at each landmark profoundly outweighed the impact of all other variates. Among those who had sustained MRD-negativity at 2 years (37% of the cohort), regardless of MRD status at enrollment, none have had progression events at median 43 months. Our results support cross-sectional MRD testing as a surrogate endpoint for drug approval, and the use of longitudinal MRD tracking in clinical management. Disclosures Korde: Amgen: Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Other: Advisory Board. Lesokhin:Genentech: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; GenMab: Consultancy, Honoraria; Juno: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Serametrix Inc.: Patents & Royalties; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Smith:Precision Biosciences: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Fate Therapeutics: Consultancy. Shah:Physicians Education Resource: Honoraria; Celgene/BMS: Research Funding. Mailankody:Physician Education Resource: Honoraria; PleXus Communications: Honoraria; Takeda Oncology: Research Funding; Janssen Oncology: Research Funding; Allogene Therapeutics: Research Funding; Juno Therapeutics, a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Research Funding. Hultcrantz:Intellisphere LLC: Consultancy; Amgen: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding. Hassoun:Takeda: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy. Scordo:McKinsey & Company: Consultancy; Angiocrine Bioscience, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Omeros Corporation: Consultancy; Kite - A Gilead Company: Other: Ad-hoc advisory board. Chung:Genentech: Research Funding. Shah:Amgen: Research Funding; Janssen Pharmaceutica: Research Funding. Lahoud:MorphoSys: Other: Advisory Board. Thoren:Sebia: Research Funding; The Binding Site: Research Funding. Ho:Invivoscribe, Inc.: Honoraria. Dogan:AbbVie: Consultancy; EUSA Pharma: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Corvus Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Physicians Education Resource: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; National Cancer Institute: Research Funding. Giralt:MILTENYI: Consultancy, Research Funding; ACTINUUM: Consultancy, Research Funding; KITE: Consultancy; OMEROS: Consultancy, Honoraria; NOVARTIS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; CELGENE: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; JAZZ: Consultancy, Honoraria; AMGEN: Consultancy, Research Funding; TAKEDA: Research Funding. Landgren:Takeda: Other: Independent Data Monitoring Committees for clinical trials, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Binding Site: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharma: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Independent Data Monitoring Committees for clinical trials, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Glenmark: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Other: Independent Data Monitoring Committees for clinical trials, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Independent Data Monitoring Committees for clinical trials, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck: Other; Cellectis: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Juno: Consultancy, Honoraria; Glenmark: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Karyopharma: Research Funding; Merck: Other; Adaptive: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Binding Site: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Cellectis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Juno: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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Andersson-Skog, Lena, and Martin Eriksson. "Det sammanflätade intresset." Scandia : Tidskrift för historisk forskning 87, no. 1 (June 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.47868/scandia.v87i1.23252.
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This article focuses on the interaction between the state and Swedish banks during the establishment of two institutes for small business credit, AB Industrikredit and AB Företagskredit, between 1958 and 1962. These institutes were established as intermediaries between the supplementary pension system and the credit market. We have been able to elucidate this process by the Swedish Bankers’ Association granting us privileged access to archival material on these negotiations.
It is demonstrated that the strong ideological conflict characterizing the parliamentary debate on the supplementary pensions system did not spill over into the system being implemented within the financial sector as this was organized through the examined credit institutes. Instead, the banks and the state were able to negotiate through established channels and arenas for business-government relations in the financial sector. Even if the parties initially exhibited mistrust based on different historical interpretations of the market for small business credit, they also recognized the degree of change that would be brought on by the supplementary pension system with regard to the financial markets and capital formation as a whole. Hence, they downplayed ideological differences and strived to reach an outcomethat was mutually beneficial in its final form. A crucial indication of this consensus is that fifty percent of each institute was owned by the state while the other fifty percent was owned by the banks.
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Casper, Matthias. "Der Bankier in Art. 54 SchG – ein überholtes Relikt aus einer anderen Zeit?" Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 29, no. 3 (January 15, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-2017-0306.
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ZusammenfassungArt. 3 Satz 1 i. V. m. Art. 54 SchG regelt die passive Scheckfähigkeit, also die Frage, wer Bezogener eines Schecks sein kann. Dafür knüpft das Gesetz seit geraumer Zeit an den Begriff des Bankiers an, auf den das SchG auch an anderer Stelle in Art. 8, 37 und 38 SchG Bezug nimmt. Die Definition des Bankiers liest sich heute nicht nur sperrig, sondern mutet an, als sei sie aus der Zeit gefallen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Definition durch die Verwendung von Begriffen, die heute im KWG geregelt und dort mehrfach geändert worden sind, so kaum noch verständlich und somit reformbedürftig ist. Dies gilt umso mehr, als seit 2009 eine Gesetzeslücke für solche Institute droht, die allein Zahlungsdienste im Sinne des ZAG erbringen und nicht zugleich auch über eine Erlaubnis nach dem KWG verfügen. Der Beitrag plädiert für einen gesetzgeberischen Neustart.
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Claussen, Carsten Peter. "Freud und Leid mit den Genüssen." Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-1989-0105.
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Der Genußschein erlebte vor zehn Jahren seine Wiedergeburt als Eigenkapitaltitel. Vor allem von Banken wird dieser Titelbevorzugt genutzt. Die Flexibilität dieses Kapitalmarktinstruments in seiner gesellschaftsrechtlichen Ausformung spricht für den Genußschein. Ebenso die betriebswirtschaftliche Qualität als Eigenkapital, ohne die Einflußsphäre im Unternehmen zu verändern. Schließlich ist die steuerliche Positionierung ein Pluspunkt. - Einige Publikationen, vor allem eine Schrift des Mainzer Instituts für Internationales Recht des Spar-, Giro- und Kreditwesens, befaßten sich mit dem Genußschein. Anhand einer Besprechung wird die Gegenwartslage des Genußscheins dargestellt und gewertet.
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Rutsch, Jan Christian, and Stephan Schöning. "Vorstellung eines adäquaten Verfahrens zur Ermittlung und Verrechnung der Kosten des Liquiditätspuffers bei Kreditinstituten." Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 28, no. 2 (January 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-2016-0203.
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ZusammenfassungAls Reaktion auf die gestiegenen Risiken haben deutsche Banken ihre Liquiditätsreserven seit der Finanzkrise deutlich ausgeweitet, wobei Kassenbestände und Guthaben bei Zentralnotenbanken insbesondere wegen ihrer uneingeschränkten Verfügbarkeit bevorzugte Formen darstellen. Die mit dem Vorhalten von liquiden Mitteln verbundenen Kosten sind aus betriebswirtschaftlichen und bankaufsichtlichen Gründen − bei großen Instituten sogar verpflichtend − mithilfe von Transferpreisen intern verursachungsgerecht zu verrechnen. Da bislang vorgestellte Ansätze gravierende Schwächen aufweisen, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag mit den Cost of Liquidity Buffers (CLB) ein Verfahren entwickelt, um die bankindividuellen Kosten des Liquiditätspuffers zu bestimmen und im Rahmen der Banksteuerung zu berücksichtigen.
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"Book Reviews." Journal of Economic Literature 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.53.2.360.r6.
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Assaf Razin of Tel Aviv University reviews “Managing the Euro Area Debt Crisis”, by William R. Cline. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Addresses the recent debt crisis in Europe and the European Central Bank's commitment to preserve the euro area with purchases of government bonds, and explores the history of the Euro Area debt crisis and makes projections of future debt sustainability. Discusses policy implications, leading policy issues, and model projections; fiscal adjustment, growth, and default risk; the bank-sovereign debt nexus; external adjustment and breakup costs; eurobonds, firewalls, outright monetary transactions, and debt restructuring; European debt simulation model projections─Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain; and debt restructuring and economic prospects in Greece.” Cline is Senior Fellow with the Peterson Institute for International Economics.
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Binder, Jens-Hinrich. "Systemkrisenbewältigung durch Bankenabwicklung? Aktuelle Bemerkungen zu unrealistischen Erwartungen." Zeitschrift für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 29, no. 2 (January 15, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zbb-2017-0203.
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ZusammenfassungMit der Krise des italienischen Kreditinstituts Monte dei Paschi di Siena ist der in Reaktion auf die Finanzkrise neu geschaffene Rechtsrahmen für die Sanierung und Abwicklung von Kreditinstituten und Wertpapierfirmen einer ersten Feuertaufe unterworfen worden. Dass der italienische Staat das Institut durch Rettungsmaßnahmen stützen will, wirft die Frage auf, ob das neue Recht versagt hat – oder ob dagegen verstoßen wird. Der Beitrag nimmt dies zum Anlass, die Tauglichkeit des durch die Bankenabwicklungsrichtlinie von 2014 und die SRM-Verordnung eingeführten Rechtsrahmens für die Anwendung in systemischen Krisen zu untersuchen. Er plädiert für mehr Realitätsnähe bei der Einschätzung der Leistungsfähigkeit dieses Rechtsrahmens und analysiert vor diesem Hintergrund die nach beiden Rechtsakten verbleibenden Spielräume für Stützungsmaßnahmen zu Gunsten insolvenzgefährdeter Banken.
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Kumar KV, Arun, Arun Kumar C, Venkatachalam K, Gussain Rahul Vijay, Ashwin V Y, Saran Karthik.S, Hemanth Kumar CH, and Mathai N T. "LATARJET PROCEDURE FOR RECURRENT SHOULDER ANTERIOR INSTABILITY WITH LESS THAN 25% GLENOID BONE LOSS- ITS FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, March 1, 2021, 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/6205163.
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Background: Latarjet procedure for a recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with more than 25% of bone loss is a standard treatment with good functional outcome. In glenoid bone loss < than25%, there is no concurrence in the surgery of choice between Bankart repair, Remplissage procedure and Latarjet procedure. This study is aimed to study the functional outcome following Latarjet procedure in recurrent shoulder instability in patients with < than 25% glenoid bone loss and also to assess the instability symptoms and complications following this procedure. Methods: It is a Clinical, Prospective and Observational study on thirty patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder, with less than 25% glenoid bone loss treated with Open Latarjet Procedure, at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, done between Jan 2017 to Dec 2020, with a minimum follow-up of atleast 1year duration. Patients were post-operatively assessed functionally using Constant shoulder score, Rowe scoring system and the Walch- Duplay index score. Clinical instability was also assessed using the Anterior Apprehension and Anterior Drawer Test. Results: In our study with thirty patients, who underwent Latarjet procedure, Functional outcome of the patients were assessed using the Constant shoulder score, Rowe scoring system and the Walch- Duplay index score. The combined average percentage of Score of Scores of the three scoring systems were 74.46% had Excellent results, 14.42% had Good and 11.12% of patients had Average or Fair results. None of the patients had any instability symptoms post-operatively at the 1year post-op follow-up. Four patients had supercial Surgical Site Infections and 2 patients had developed mild to moderate shoulder stiffness. Conclusion: The Latarjet gives conrmationally Excellent to Good functional outcome and aid in the early return to activities of daily living and a fewer failure rate. In patients with Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation, with even less than 25% Glenoid bone loss, it may be pertinent to primarily consider the osseous option of a coracoid transfer (Latarjet) rather than opt for simpler Open Bankart, Arthroscopic Bankart or an Arthroscopic Remplissage procedure alone. Thus, as a yardstick the bone loss concept, either on the Glenoidal or on the Humeral aspect, alone, need to be the deciding factor. The fact remains that in the athletic or otherwise Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocators, there is also a concomitant humeral component, apart from the apparent and demonstrable Glenoid defect with the “Circle concept”.
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Antony, Kathleen M., Mona Romezi, Kourtnee Lindgren, Kristen B. Mitchell, Susan F. Venable, Diana A. Racusin, Melissa A. Suter, and Kjersti M. Aagaard. "Maternal Metabolic Biomarkers are Associated with Obesity and Excess Gestational Weight Gain." American Journal of Perinatology, March 31, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708855.
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Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent contribution of maternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) in excess of the Institute of Medicine's guidelines on levels of maternal serum inflammatory and metabolic measures. Study Design Banked maternal serum samples from 120 subjects with documented prepregnancy or first trimester body mass index (BMI) were utilized for analyte analyses. Validated, BMI-specific formulas were utilized to categorize GWG as either insufficient, at goal or excess based on the Institute of Medicine guidelines with gestational age adjustments. Serum was analyzed for known inflammatory or metabolic pathway intermediates using the Luminex xMap system with the MILLIPLEX Human Metabolic Hormone Magnetic Bead Panel. Measured analytes included interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α and metabolic markers amylin, c-peptide, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY. Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for each marker. Results C-peptide, insulin, and leptin all varied significantly with both obesity and GWG while glucagon-like peptide-1 varied by BMI but not GWG. These analytes covaried with other metabolic analytes, but not with inflammatory analytes. Conclusion Maternal metabolic biomarkers at delivery vary significantly with both obesity and GWG. Taken together, these findings suggest that GWG (with and without comorbid obesity) is an important mediator of measurable metabolites in pregnancy but is not necessarily accompanied by inflammatory measures in serum. These findings are consistent with GWG being an independent risk factor for metabolic disturbances during pregnancy.