Academic literature on the topic 'Institute of Drugs and Drug Addiction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Institute of Drugs and Drug Addiction"
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Tóth, Anita Réka, Zsuzsanna Hideg, and László Institóris. "An old-new illicit drug – mephedrone." Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 30 (July 2011): 1192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29170.
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New natural and synthetic compounds are continuously introduced into the illicit drug market. Their origin, composition, main and side-effects are often not exactly known by the users themselves. Thus, the control of these substances is extremely difficult. Aims: In year 2008, a new synthetic drug called mephedrone (2-metilamino-1-(4-metilfenil) propan-1-on) appeared in Hungary. This work summarizes its frequency in biological samples investigated for illicit drugs, and experiences of the medical examination of mephedrone-users. Methods: Toxicological analyses of biological samples (urine and/or blood) were carried by GC-MS at the Institute of National Toxicology and at Department of Forensic Medicine, University Szeged. Results: Altogether 5386 samples were analyzed in 2010 (4922 in Budapest and 464 in Szeged), and mephedrone was identified in 363 cases (7%). Conclusions: mephedrone is banned in Hungary since 1st of January 2011 but it still present in the illegal drug market. At present we do not have sufficient experience with its long-term effects, tolerance, addiction, withdrawal symptoms or toxic dose. Thus, it is difficult to establish whether addiction and/or mental disorder occurred. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1192–1196.
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Bailey, Megan Linnea, Shelby Wasson, and Brilynn Roberts. "Increasing Awareness of Substance Abuse and Addictions: Does Early Childhood Drug Education Provide Diversion from Using Drugs and/or Alcohol?" IU Journal of Undergraduate Research 4, no. 1 (December 16, 2018): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/iujur.v4i1.24553.
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According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 70 percent of adolescents have experimented with alcohol, while 20 percent have experimented with prescription drugs before their senior year in high school. Alcohol and drug abuse has become a nationwide problem. A small rural community in southern Indiana reports that almost 12 percent of its population uses drugs daily. The authors hypothesize that current school-based alcohol and drug curriculums are not robust enough to divert risky behavior during adolescence. Surveys were administered to residents living in two separate transitional homes for people with addiction. The surveys consisted of questions regarding drug and alcohol abuse related to childhood education. The process was completed using a descriptive study. Participants in the study (n = 17) revealed valuable information confirming their rationales for substance abuse. Overwhelmingly, all participants agreed that drug education needs to be available in early childhood education. As substance abuse escalates, so must our efforts to research and understand the problem. The examination of current adolescent drug and alcohol prevention programs isessential to help promote program evaluation and in identifying potential education needs for our youth.
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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Zohydro™ Approval by Food and Drug Administration: Controversial or Frightening?" Pain Physician 4;17, no. 4;7 (July 14, 2014): E437—E450. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/e437.
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The actions and regulations of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are crucial to the entire population of the US, specifically the public who take a multitude of drugs and providers who prescribe drugs and devices. Further, the FDA is relevant to investors, specifically in regards to biotech and pharmaceutical companies involved in developing new drugs. The FDA has been criticized for a lack of independence on the one hand and excessive regulatory and expanding authority without evidence and consistency of the actions on the other hand. The FDA approved a single-entity, long-acting, hydrocodone product (Zohydro™, Zogenix, San Diego, CA) on October 25, 2013, against the recommendation of the FDA’s own appointed scientific advisory panel, which voted 11 to 2 against the approval of Zohydro. Subsequent to the approval, multiple consumer safety organizations, health care agencies, addiction treatment providers, professional organizations, and other groups on the frontline of the opioid addiction epidemic have expressed concern. In addition, the US Congress and various state attorneys general raised serious concerns about the approval of Zohydro, which is highly addictive and may enhance the opioid addiction epidemic. Supporters of Zohydro contend that it is necessary and essential to manage chronic pain and improve functional status with no additional risk. Over the past 15 years, prescriptions for opioids have skyrocketed with the United States consuming more than 84% of the global oxycodone and more than 99% of the hydrocodone supply. The sharp increase in opioid prescribing has led to parallel increases in opioid addiction and overdose deaths, surpassing motor vehicle injuries in the US. Recent studies assessing the trends of medical use and misuse of opioid analgesics from 2000 to 2011 have concluded that the present trend of the continued increase in the medical use of opioid analgesics appears to contribute to increasing misuse, resulting in multiple health consequences, despite numerous regulations enforced by multiple organizations. The approval of Zohydro and its defense from the FDA were based on a misunderstanding of the prevalence of chronic severe disabling pain. Based on inaccurate data from the Institute of Medicine, in part caused by conflicts of interest, 100 million persons have been described to suffer from severe pain -- the correct number is 22.6 million. This manuscript analyzes 3 important principles of drug approval and utilization based on safety, efficacy, and medical necessity. Based on the limited literature that the authors were able to review including that which was submitted to the FDA by the manufacturers, it appears the safety, efficacy, and medical necessity were not demonstrated. In fact, the study submitted to the FDA showed a 50% pain improvement in only 48% of the patients in the treatment group and 21% of the patients in the placebo group at 85 day follow-up. This is a statistically significant result but its clinical relevance is unknown. The FDA approval decision occurring against the backdrop of the advisory panel recommendation is concerning and may result in serious consequences in the future. Key words: Chronic non-cancer pain, Food and Drug Administration, opioids, Zohydro, misuse, tolerance, addiction, dependency, medical necessity
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Musalek, M. "Ressource-Oriented Treatment of Addiction - the Orpheus Programme." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73720-8.
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Major problems in treating patients suffering from addictions derive from the fact that the diagnostic category dependence syndrome covers a highly inhomogeneous patient group. Therefore uniform therapeutic approaches inflexibly following treatment guidelines have not fulfilled prognostic expectations. This was the starting point for developing a new modular resource-oriented treatment program in the Anton Proksch Institute Vienna.Changing paradigms in the treatment of addiction, the Orpheus Programme offers a host of different modules designed to help patients to discover their own aims, objectives, values, and resources. The main task of the Orpheus modules is an increasing autonomous and joyful life. Abstinence represents no longer the only final goal of therapy, but is an important step to offer space and possibilities for the patients’ new life. When life becomes once again beautiful and filled with joy and meaning, addictive substances lose their seductive power: The more beautiful and attractive the patient's life, the less the drugs attractiveness. As illustrated by Orpheus, who defeated the sirens (as a symbol for addictive agents) by making the better, louder, and more attractive music, it becomes the patients’ main task to make a better “music of life”; the Orpheus modules are not training programs telling the patients how the better life looks like (as in former moral therapy); they intend to provide places, spaces and atmospheres encouraging and promoting the patients to make possible the possible.
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Severns, Jen Royce. "A Sociohistorical View of Addiction and Alcoholism." Janus Head 7, no. 1 (2004): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh20047145.
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This essay is framed by the work of Edward Sampson (1993), and is a sociohistorical analysis of the institutional vicissitudes in American history that have formed the ground of our current version of the “truth” about drugs, alcohol, the drug addict and the alcoholic. The drug and alcohol discourse has been used throughout American history to institute and maintain normative ideals. These ideals are contoured by Western individualistic understandings of human being. They revolve around a theme of freedom seen as access to unlimited possibilities, which arises as a right for those individuals who are self-reliant. Alcoholics and addicts have been used as political identities, silently portraying the opposite and living out the underside of these normative ideals. As political identities they are used discursively to maintain mainstream illusions of self-reliance and to hide the falsehood of the capitalist promise of unfettered access to unlimited possibilities. Capitalist interests flourish through the maintenance of these illusions, and are able to disown responsibility via the silencing, through embodiment, of those who have been marginalized. This self-celebratory discourse is, hence, a monologue that undermines the possibility of hierarchical revolutions. Encapsulated in the embodiment of the alcoholic and addict are the covering over of political conflicts, the leveling down of difference, and the marginalizing of those who represent dialogical possibility. Twelve-step mutual help organizations participate in self-celebratory monologues that maintain the version of truth supportive of the agendas of the wealthy; however, they also offer an other-centered strategy by which dialogue again becomes possible.
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Silva Ochoa, Alfonso Daniel, José Alejandro Valdevila Figueira, Rocío Valdevila Santiesteban, Diego Javier Estrella Almeida, Luz Maria Valencia Erazo, and Andrea Katherine Orellana Manzano. "Drug abuse and serum nutritional biomarkers: A retrospective cohort study." Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética 25, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.25.2.1157.
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Introduction: Drug abuse is a public health problem around the globe. Its implications in human health are harmful, compromising nutritional status. It has been shown that malnutrition is moderately prevalent in drug addicts, and a nutritional prescription is significantly beneficial for these patients. Available literature suggests altered blood serum biochemical data in drug addicts. Our study focused on blood serum nutritional biomarkers in drug addicts who did not have a nutritional assessment or treatment. This study aimed to analyze nutritional blood serum biomarkers in subjects diagnosed with drug addiction from January 2010 to June 2020.Methods: The research was a retrospective cohort, analytical, observational, and was based on a convenience sample. Data about blood serum AST, ALT, fasting glucose, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin were analyzed from a database of 103 subjects diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of drugs and other psychoactive substances (ICD-10: F10-F19) in the Institute of Neurosciences (INC). Consumed drugs were alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, MDNA, opioids, marijuana, and psychotropic drugs. Results: The medians of hemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL, and creatinine statistically differed between genders and age groups. There were more cases of low blood hemoglobin and hyperglycemia levels in men, (20.4, and 8.7%, respectively) than women (4.9%, and 0%, respectively). There were low levels of fasting glucose in 8.8% of our sample. Serum creatinine levels were significantly increased in subjects aged 30 or more. Conclusions:In our sample, there were statistically different medians of hemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL, and creatinine among groups of gender and age in drug addicts. All medians were within the normal range.
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Wehr, Allison, and Lance O. Bauer. "Verbal Ability Predicts Abstinence from Drugs and Alcohol in a Residential Treatment Population." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (June 1999): 1354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1354.
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Measures of cognitive ability, depression, anxiety, antisocial personality, as well as length, type and severity of addiction were obtained from 122 substance abusers enrolled in residential treatment programs. Over a subsequent 6-mo. monitoring period, relapse to substance use was detected in 46 subjects. 17 subjects withdrew from treatment for other reasons and their relapse status was unknown. The remaining 59 maintained abstinence from alcohol or drug use throughout the monitoring period. The only variables to differentiate the groups significantly on outcome were IQ and the Verbal subtest from the Shipley Institute of Living Scale. Stepwise discriminant function analysis indicated that the Verbal component alone correctly identified 64.4% of patients who would successfully remain abstinent.
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CICCHETTI, DANTE, and SUNIYA S. LUTHAR. "Developmental approaches to substance use and abuse." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 4 (December 1999): 655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499002254.
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In 1996 the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 1996) issued a report on pathways to addiction. Although focused on the use of illegal drugs, the recommendations of the committee are equally applicable to more socially condoned, but still addictive, substances such as alcohol. The IOM (1996) report articulated the types of research that would be needed to expand the understanding of the etiology of drug use disorders, including the following: (a) multidisciplinary research to investigate the combined effects of biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors as they relate to the development of drug use, abuse, and dependence; (b) studies of sufficient duration to enable follow-up of participants in determining the role of risk and protective factors related to the transition from drug use to abuse to dependence; (c) research investigating the role of family factors in the etiology of drug use and abuse; (d) examination of psychopathology as a precursor to drug use and abuse in adolescents and adults; (e) studies of risk and protective factors related to drug use and abuse, especially during discrete developmental stages; and (f) investigation of childhood risk and protective factors that are associated with drug abuse and dependence. In reflecting on these comprehensive goals, striking similarities emerge with respect to these research foci and the field of developmental psychopathology (Cicchetti & Cohen, 1995; Cicchetti & Toth, 1991). Specifically, the principles that guide inquiries conceptualized within a developmental psychopathology framework can be applied toward the conduct of studies designed to address the agenda generated by the IOM (1996) report on substance abuse.
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Laranjeira, Ronaldo, and Sandro Sendin Mitsuhiro. "Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity. National Institute on Alcohol and Drugs Policies, Brazil." Addiction 107, no. 4 (March 7, 2011): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03380.x.
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Matua, Linda, Guido Muharremi, Elizana Petrela, Mirnela Koçibelli, Gentian Vyshka, and Bledar Xhemali. "The Use of Psychoactive Substances and Illegal Drugs in the Albanian Society." Current Drug Research Reviews 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874473711666180719141731.
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Background: To create a representative picture of the prevalence and the total number of drug users in Albania from 2012 to 2016, and compare those numbers to previous years with other available data. Methods: The required data for the conductance of this study was collected from three different fronts, namely The Institute of Forensic Medicine (IFM), Clinical Toxicology and Addictions Service, University Hospital "Mother Theresa" Tirana (CTS) and Methadone Maintenance Treatment Centers. The study targets all individuals who have consumed at least once abusive drugs and psychotropic substances during the period 2012-2016 in the Republic of Albania. A total of 7050 reported cases over the given period were reviewed. Results: Overall, Cannabis Sativa was the highest consumed drug, present in 62.58% of the cases. Other substances with a noticeable prevalence of use were heroin (15.02%) and cocaine (5.1%). It was found out that there were 36 drug-related deaths from 2012 to 2016. During this period of time, only 9 individuals resulted positive for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), of which, one positive for Hepatitis C and the remaining 8 positives for HIV. About 25% of drug users in Albania belong to the young subgroup of the population (13-32 years old). Conclusion: Overall, taking into consideration all three databases, the number of drug users has significantly increased. There are more officially reported drug users today compared to 2012, however, different trends are observed during different periods. Youngsters are more eager and tempted to use and experiment more with safer and less harmful drugs like cannabis, meanwhile, as age increases, there is a tendency to shift towards more potent and dangerous drugs. Prevention and reducing the prevalence of use of psychoactive drugs is one of the main goals of public health.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Institute of Drugs and Drug Addiction"
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Duronville, John V. "God, drugs, and hope lived religious experiences in a methadone maintenance clinic /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/994.
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Murphy, Jennifer. "Therapy and Punishment: Negotiating Authority in the Management of Drug Addiction." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/8969.
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SociologyPh.D.
Throughout the twentieth century, many behaviors previously considered criminal or immoral were instead defined as medical problems. This process is often referred to as the medicalization of deviance. Like many other behaviors once considered deviant, drug and alcohol abuse has been medicalizing, in a process that accelerated during the latter half of the twentieth century. Despite this movement along the path toward medicalization, drug use, and alcohol use to a lesser extent, are still also sanctioned and managed by the criminal justice system, resulting in a medical-legal-moral hybrid definition of these issues. Today we find instances where these two institutions overlap significantly. At the same time, their mutual involvement in defining and managing drug use is inconsistent. This research uses a qualitative research design to study how this medical-legal-moral hybrid definition of drug use and addiction is discussed and negotiated by various institutions that label and manage individuals who use drugs. I examined this issue by conducting interviews and observations in Philadelphia's Drug Treatment Court as well as in two outpatient drug treatment programs. Results indicate that individuals in both settings frame addiction as a "disease," although the definition is ambiguous and inconsistent. The court and the treatment programs use similar language and methods for assessing substance abuse and how to deal with it. Both also extend the definition of "addiction" to include aspects not directly related to the consumption of drugs or alcohol but to the "drug lifestyle" that includes selling drugs. Still, in neither location is a comprehensive, clear definition of "addiction" promoted and used consistently. This ambiguity results in an overlap of therapeutic and punitive methods to handle the individual's drug usage. In addition, both settings benefit from their interaction and cooperation in managing individuals with substance abuse problems, indicating that rather than moving toward a purely "medical" way of dealing with substance abuse, or placing the issue more firmly in the realm of the criminal justice system, the current mix of moral, criminal and medical methods of labeling and managing substance abuse problems may be more stagnant than the medicalization of deviance thesis suggests.
Temple University--Theses
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Ghiabi, Maziyar. "Drugs, addiction and the state in Iran : the art of managing disorder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c2cbaeb6-502b-4383-b975-2812602f1efa.
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This thesis explores the politics of drugs and addiction in Iran in light of processes of state formation. The case of Iran provides a paradigm of what has come to be known as the 'War on Drugs' in a political and cultural setting that has been characterised, by most of the area studies literature, by other investigations and scholarly questions. Iran, nevertheless, represents an outstanding case for the study of the War on Drugs; it is at the geopolitical crossroads of international drug routes, it has one of the world highest rates of drug 'addiction' - estimated at between 2-3% and 6-7% of the entire population - and it has progressively seen the rise of synthetic, industrial drugs, such as methamphetamines (shisheh). The thesis situates the phenomenon of drug use in the social and political history of Iran with a particular attention to the transformations taking place after the Islamic Revolution in 1979. It provides a genealogical map of policy experimentations in the field of drugs, while it also casts light on the rationale that governs the formation and transformation of state practices vis à vis drugs, especially during the reformist and post-reformist period (1997-2013). To do so, the research combines extensive archival research using Persian sources (newspapers, reports, films, memoires, etc.) starting from the early 1900s, with ethnographic fieldwork in public clinics, rehab centres, drug using hotspots and, more generally, the street. The outcome is an in-depth engagement with narcotic politics, which unearths unstudied dynamics of Iran's contemporary politics and society. Instead of moralising approaches, what is unveiled is a state that adopts both rhetoric and practice that are secularised and in tune with Western models of policymaking. Eventually, the thesis reveals how the image of the Iranian state has not only been misplaced, but it has also been a myth.
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Mathis, Stephanie M., Robert P. Pack, and Billy Brooks. "Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs in the Workplace." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3202.
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Background: University scholars and community members formed the Prescription Drug Abuse and Misuse Working Group in response to the prescription drug abuse/misuse epidemic plaguing the Appalachian region. Their collaboration has yielded no fewer than four funded and six volunteer service projects in the community. A concern voiced by key community stakeholders has been the non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) among the workforce. The team discovered that the relationship between NMUPD and workplace characteristics is understudied. This study aimed to show the overall and industry-specific prevalence of NMUPD, and to examine workplace characteristics associated with NMUPD.
Methods: Data from the 2011-2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used. Multiple logistic regression assessed workplace characteristics on past-year NMUPD among employed adults 18 years and older, controlling for demographic variables.
Results: The overall prevalence of NMUPD was 9.23% (95% CI: 8.98-9.48). The industries with the highest prevalence were: arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services (14.48%; 95% CI: 13.70-15.27), construction (10.82%; 95% CI: 9.77-11.87), and retail trade (10.04%; 95% CI: 9.34-10.74). NMUPD was significantly associated with industry type (p
Conclusions: Results suggest alcohol or drug use workplace policies and employee assistance or other counseling programs may protect against NMUPD. Workplace prevention efforts for NMUPD could benefit from incorporating these approaches.
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Wahl, Troy Andrew. "Developing Thyronamine Analog Pharmaceuticals Targeting TAAR1 to Treat Methamphetamine Addiction." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1109.
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As a part of the overall program in the Grandy laboratory at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), studying the underlying chemical biology of methamphetamine (Meth) addiction, this dissertation reports on the development of six new thyronamine analogs which were synthesized and assayed against trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), giving preliminary results consistent with the analogs being inverse agonists. Due to highly variable TAAR1 expression levels in the assays, based on inter-assay response to control Meth stimulation as well as other possible factors, kinetic models were developed to qualitatively explain the assay results. The models set approximate limits on the analogs' binding and disassociation rates relative to those of Meth. Analysis of the assays also provides more evidence of TAAR1's basal activity. Based on the models, the conversion rate of ligand-free inactive TAAR1 to ligand-free active TAAR1 is less than 6% of the binding rate of Meth to TAAR1. The models also suggest that the inverse agonists bind to the inactive ligand-free form of TAAR1 between 10 and 100 times faster than Meth binds to the inactive ligand-free form of TAAR1. Three of the new analogs, G5-110s8, G5-112s5, and G5-114s5, bind to the ligand-free active form of TAAR1 faster than they bind to the inactive ligand-free form of TAAR1. The models do not suggest an upper limit on the binding rate of those 3 analogs to the ligand-free active form of TAAR1. A control assay lacking TAAR1 revealed an electrophysiological off-target effect caused by G5-109s8. Also, a novel synthetic route was developed for ET-92, the lead compound for this project, which reduced the number of synthetic steps from 14 to 5 and improved the overall yield from 15.3% to 18.3% (77.4 mg) with the hope that further improvements in yield are possible.
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Pack, Robert P., and Nicholas E. Hagemeier. "Cross-Sector Collaboration to Address the Prescription Drug Misuse Crisis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5426.
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This webinar will describe East Tennessee State University’s efforts to curb the opioid epidemic along the continuum of addiction. ETSU’s Academic Health Science Center has engaged multiple constituents to conduct federally funded research, community based practice and more importantly, to foster cross-sector engagement and education. The team hosts monthly meetings to facilitate partnerships across sectors with multiple aims. These aims include regional health improvement, research capacity development and community outreach.
By the end of this webinar, participants will be able to: Describe multiple evidence-based approaches for the prevention and treatment of opioid use disorder. Describe techniques for engagement in community and cross-sector collaboration to address the opioid use disorder crisis.
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Gomes, Daniela. "Salas de consumo assistido: o que dizem os profissionais?" Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9139.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em CriminologiaA problemática da toxicodependência é complexa, dinâmica e transversal. Constitui um dos mais graves problemas de saúde pública, a nível mundial, e acarreta diversas consequências negativas, não raras vezes, irreversíveis para as suas vítimas. O presente projeto assenta numa metodologia qualitativa e tem como objetivo geral explorar, através da realização de entrevistas em profundidade, as posições de atores sociais com experiência profissional na área da toxicodependência em torno da emergência, funcionamento e resultados até agora conhecidos relativamente às salas de consumo assistido.
The problem of drug addiction is complex, dynamic and cross-cutting. It is one of the most serious public health problems in the world and has a number of negative, often irreversible consequences for their victims. This project is based on a qualitative methodology and has as its general goal to explore, through in-depth interviews, the positions of social actors with professional experience in the area of drug addiction around the urgency, functioning and results so far known in regards to drug consumption rooms.
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Kissel, Bonnie J. "The Effects of American Sign Language on General Self- Efficacy and Anxiety Among Mothers in a Residential Rehabilitation Facility for Drug Addiction and Substance Abuse." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/148.
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Globally, approximately 208 million people aged 15 and older used illicit drugs at least once in the last 12 months; 2 billion consumed alcohol and tobacco consumption affected 25% (World Drug Report, 2008). In the United States, 20.1 million (8.0%) people aged 12 and older were illicit drug users, 129 million (51.6%) abused alcohol and 70.9 million (28.4%) used tobacco (SAMHSA/OAS, 2008).Usually considered a problem specific to men (Lynch, 2002), 5.2% of pregnant women aged 15 to 44 are also illicit drug and substance abusers (SAMHSA/OAS, 2007). During pregnancy, illicit drugs and substance abuse (ID/SA) can significantly affect a woman and her infant contributing to developmental and communication delays for the infant and influencing parenting abilities (Budden, 1996; March of Dimes, 2006b; Rossetti, 2000). Feelings of guilt and shame and stressful experiences influence approaches to parenting (Ashley, Marsden, & Brady, 2003; Brazelton, & Greenspan, 2000; Ehrmin, 2000; Johnson, & Rosen, 1990; Kelley, 1998; Rossetti, 2000; Velez et al., 2004; Zickler, 1999). Parenthood is an expanded role that can be a trying time for those lacking a sense of self-efficacy and creates a high vulnerability to stress (Bandura, 1994). Residential treatment programs for ID/SA mothers and their children provide an excellent opportunity for effective interventions (Finkelstein, 1994; Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2005). This experimental study evaluated whether teaching American Sign Language (ASL) to mothers living with their infants/children at an ID/SA residential treatment program increased the mothers’ self-efficacy and decreased their anxiety. Quantitative data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory showing there was both a significant increase in self efficacy and decrease in anxiety for the mothers. This research adds to the knowledge base concerning ID/SA mothers’ caring for their infants/children. By providing a simple low cost program, easily incorporated into existing rehabilitation curricula, the study helps educators and healthcare providers better understand the needs of the ID/SA mothers. This study supports Bandura’s theory that parents who are secure in their efficacy can navigate through the various phases of their child’s development and are less vulnerable to stress (Bandura, 1994).
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Persson, Emma, and Jakob Malmkvist. "Självmedicinering? Missbruk? Eller vad? : En studie med individen i fokus." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-5677.
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Syftet med studien var att få fram personliga betraktelser av olika kategorier kopplat till intag av narkotika, alkohol och receptbelagda mediciner av personer med egenupplevda erfarenheter. Kategorierna missbruk och självmedicinering står i fokus men det lämnas även plats för andra kategoriseringar av intag. Detta för att undersöka hur kategoriseringar kan påverka behandlingsarbete. Sex personer intervjuas om deras upplevelser av narkotika- och alkoholintag samt hur de ser på olika kategoriseringar inom detta område. Det undersöks hur intervjupersonerna definierar sitt intag eller före detta intag av alkohol och narkotika samt hur denna kategorisering har kommit till. Studien är kvalitativ och har sex semistrukturerade intervjuer som underlag för resultatet. Studien börjar med en genomgång av olika begreppsdefinitioner gällande missbruk samt en genomgång av narkotikastrafflagen. Därefter redovisas forskning som tar upp attityder angående missbruk ur professionella behandlares perspektiv. I teoridelen tas tre teorier upp, Culture in action-teorin, självmedicinerings-hypotesen och stämplingsteorin. Resultatet visar respondenternas egna berättelser vilket är empirin som vår analys bygger på. Analysen görs ihop med de teorier som redovisats. Resultatet visar att många upplever självmedicinering som ett relevant begrepp och att den hårda kategoriseringen av missbrukare påverkar de stämplade starkt. Kategoriseringen av intag ser olika ut beroende på i vilket livsstadie personen befinner sig. Något som också spelar stor roll är i hur stor utsträckning intaget tagit över personens liv. Det framkom tankar om att den hårda kategoriseringen inom behandlingar upplevs som nedtryckande och stämplande. En mer individanpassad missbruksvård var önskad. Det framkom även vissa paralleller mellan respondenterna och självmedicinerings hypotes.The purpose of this study was to reach personal views on categorization of the intake of natcotics, alcohol and prescription drugs by people with personal experiences on the subject. The categories drug abuse and self medication where the core categories but there where room for other categorization of intake. The purpose was to see how categorization can affect addiction treatment. Six persons where interviewed on their experiences of drugs and alcohol and their views on the categorization of these topics. The persons tell how they define their intake (or former intake) of drugs or alcohol and how this categorization came to be. This is a qualitative study the result is based on six semi structured interviews. It starts with a review on different definitions of addiction and the Swedish drug laws. Thereafter there is a presentation on research about the attitudes of professional addict treaters. The study contains three theories. The culture in action theory, the self-medication hypothesis and the labeling theory. The result shows the respondents own testimony witch is the foundation the analysis rests upon. The analysis is done together with the mentioned theories. The result shows that most respondents see self medication as a valid concept and that the harsh categorization in addict treatment has an impact on those facing it. The categorization of intake differs depending on the life situation of the person that does the categorization. Another important aspect is how much the intake is ruling the intakers life. The harsh categorization in addict treatment is seen as suppressive and labeling. A more individualized addict treatment where wanted. The study shows some parallels with the self-medication hypothesis.
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Bango-Sanchez, Vivian M. "The Effects of Peer Teaching of Infant Massage on General Self-Efficacy and Mother Infant Attachment Among Mothers in a Residential Rehabilitation Facility for Drug Addiction and Substance Abuse." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/168.
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Approximately 200 million people, 5% aged 15-64 worldwide are illicit drug or substance abusers (World Drug Report, 2006). Between 2002 and 2005, an average of 8.2% of 12 year olds and older in the Miami, Fort Lauderdale metropolitan areas used illicit drugs (SAMHSA, 2007). Eight percent of pregnant women, aged 15 to 25, were more likely to have used illicit drugs during pregnancy than pregnant women aged 26 to 44. Alcohol use was 9.8% and cigarette use was 18% for pregnant women aged 15 to 44 (SAMHSA, 2005). Approximately a quarter of annual birth defects are attributed to the exposure of drugs or substance abuse in utero (General Accounting Office, 1991). Physical, psychological and emotional challenges may be present for the illicit drug/substance abuse (ID/SA) mother and infant placing them at a disadvantage early in their relationship (Shonkoff & Marshall, 1990). Mothers with low self efficacy have insecurely attached infants (Donovan, Leavitt, & Walsh, 1987). As the ID/SA mother struggles with wanting to be a good parent, education is needed to help her care for her infant. In this experimental study residential rehabilitating ID/SA mothers peer taught infant massage. Massage builds bonding/attachment between mother and infant (Reese & Storm, 2008) and peer teaching is effective because participants have faced similar challenges and speak the same language (Boud, Cohen, & Sampson 2001). Quantitative data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy and Maternal Attachment Inventory-Revised Scale before and after the 4-week intervention program. A reported result of this study was that empowering ID/SA mothers increased their self-efficacy, which in turn allowed the mothers to tackle challenges encountered and created feelings of being a fit mother to their infants. This research contributes to the existing database promoting evidence-based practice in drug rehabilitation centers. Healthcare personnel, such as nurse educators and maternal-child health practitioners, can develop programs in drug rehabilitation centers that cultivate an environment where the ID/SA rehabilitating mothers can peer teach each other, while creating a support system. Using infant massage as a therapeutic tool can develop a healthy infant and nurture a more positive relationship between mother and infant.
Books on the topic "Institute of Drugs and Drug Addiction"
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National Institute on Drug Abuse. Bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction: Five year strategic plan. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2000.
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Leonard, Jason-Lloyd. Drugs, addiction and the law. Huntington: ELM Publications, 1996.
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Leonard, Jason-Lloyd. Drugs, addiction and the law. Huntingdon: Elm Publications, 1994.
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Leonard, Jason-Lloyd. Drugs, addiction and the law. Huntington: ELM Publications, 1995.
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Leonard, Jason-Lloyd. Drugs, addiction and the law. 9th ed. Huntington: ELM Publications, 2004.
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Jason-Lloyd, Leonard. Drugs, addiction and the law. 6th ed. Huntington: ELM Publications, 2001.
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Jason-Lloyd, Leonard. Drugs, addiction and the law. 8th ed. Kings Ripton: ELM, 2003.
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Jason-Lloyd, Leonard. Drugs, addiction, and the law. Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire: ELM Publications, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Institute of Drugs and Drug Addiction"
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Risser, D., W. Vycudilik, G. Bauer, and Ch Reiter. "Statistical Investigation on the Relation of Intravenous Drug Addiction and HIV-Infection. A Survey of the Years 1985 to 1989 by the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Vienna." In Drug Addiction and AIDS, 126–31. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9173-6_15.
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Gust, Steven W. "National Institute on Drug Abuse International Fellowships: Research Training for Addiction Specialists." In Textbook of Addiction Treatment, 861–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36391-8_60.
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Rutter, Joni L. "Symbiotic Relationship of Pharmacogenetics and Drugs of Abuse." In Drug Addiction, 69–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76678-2_4.
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Barber, James G. "Drugs and Drug Addiction." In Social Work with Addictions, 1–25. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23805-7_1.
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Svenningsson, Per, Angus C. Nairn, and Paul Greengard. "DARPP-32 Mediates the Actions of Multiple Drugs of Abuse." In Drug Addiction, 3–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76678-2_1.
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Pertwee, Roger G. "The Therapeutic Potential of Drugs that Target Cannabinoid Receptors or Modulate the Tissue Levels or Actions of Endocannabinoids." In Drug Addiction, 637–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76678-2_38.
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Finnegan, Loretta P. "Drug Addiction and Pregnancy: The Newborn." In Drugs, Alcohol, Pregnancy and Parenting, 59–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2627-1_5.
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Martinez, Diana, and Rajesh Narendran. "Imaging Neurotransmitter Release by Drugs of Abuse." In Behavioral Neuroscience of Drug Addiction, 219–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2009_34.
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Simon, Dylan A., and Nathaniel D. Daw. "Dual-System Learning Models and Drugs of Abuse." In Computational Neuroscience of Drug Addiction, 145–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0751-5_5.
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Frost, Norbert. "Drug Addiction-Potential of a New Approach to Monitoring Drug Consumption." In Illicit Drugs in the Environment, 275–90. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118000816.ch15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Institute of Drugs and Drug Addiction"
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Altay, Osman, and Hatice Mutlu. "Financial Evaluation of Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Services with Respect to the Health Economics." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02360.
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Healthcare interventions are concern of government policies, health service providers, civil society organizations and public. These interventions are mainly criticized with respect to their cost effectiveness. However, economic, social and health benefits of drug addiction rehabilitation services are not well understood and they remain relatively subsidized in comparison to other aspects of healthcare interventions. But, notwithstanding this, drug addiction rehabilitation services are generally financed with public funds in Turkey as like many other countries and this situation become subject to questioning when fiscal policies and cost effectiveness of these services are considered.
Based on this circumstances there is a great need for scientifically sound and practical financial and economic evaluation of substance abuse treatment services. In Turkey, recent legislative developments on substance abuse treatment services provide a baseline for structural evaluation of financial and economic feasibility of these services. In spite of ongoing methodological and empirical developments in economic evaluation of the primary health services, similar studies regarding addiction treatments are very rare in the literature. Correspondingly, methodological guidelines in this area are also very limited.
This study addresses these gaps by presenting a financial and economic evaluation of drug addiction rehabilitation services in Turkey considering urgent need of intervention in this area. Evaluation of these services is based on the basic requirements of a drug addiction rehabilitation center, which is determined by the related legislation in Turkey, and the evaluation was conducted according to the methodological principles presented by EMCDDA, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions.
Reports on the topic "Institute of Drugs and Drug Addiction"
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Mark, Tami L., William N. Dowd, and Carol L. Council. Tracking the Quality of Addiction Treatment Over Time and Across States: Using the Federal Government’s “Signs” of Higher Quality. RTI Press, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0040.2007.
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The objective of this study was to track trends in the signs of higher-quality addiction treatment as defined by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Addiction, and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. We analyzed the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services from 2007 through 2017 to determine the percent of facilities having the characteristics of higher quality. We analyzed the percent by state and over time. • We found improvements between 2007 and 2017 on most measures, but performance on several measures remained low. • Most programs reported providing evidence-based behavioral therapies. • Half or fewer facilities offered medications for opioid use disorder; mental health assessments; testing for hepatitis C, HIV, and sexually transmitted diseases; self-help groups; employment assistance; and transportation assistance. • There was significant state-level variation across the measures.
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Lim, Peter. Analytical and Characterization Studies of Organic Chemicals, Drugs, and Drug Formulations for Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada513451.
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